the acute oral toxicity of 369 pesticidal, pharmaceutical and other
TRANSCRIPT
TOXICOLOGYANDAPPLIEDPHARMACOLOGY21,315-330(1972)
The Acute Oral Toxicity of 369 Pesticidal,
Pharmaceutical and Other Chemicals to Wild Birds
EDWARD W. SCHAFER
Wildlife Research Center, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, U.S. Department of the Interior, Denver, Colorado 80225
Received January 28,197l
The Acute Oral Toxicity of 369 Pesticidal, Pharmaceutical and Other Chemicals to Wild Birds. SCHAFER, EDWARD W. (1972). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 21,315-330. The acute po toxicity of 369 chemicals was deter- mined for 1 or more species of wild birds, always including either red-winged blackbirds or starlings. Of these, 180 chemicals were toxic to 1 or more species at 100 mg/kg or less. Statistical comparison of redwing, starling and rat data indicated that redwings were more sensitive to chemicals than starlings, and both were more sensitive than rats.
Since 1960 personnel of the Wildlife Research Center at Denver, Colorado, have tested 369 chemicals for acute po toxicity to 1 or more species of wild birds in a program designed to evaluate chemicals as potential avian toxicants, stupefacients or repellents. The purpose of this paper is to make these data available.
METHODS
The chemicals tested included pesticidal, pharmaceutical and other commercial or experimental compounds that were either purchased or solicited from cooperating firms. They have been alphabetically arranged in the tables according to commonly accepted trade, coined, product or chemical nomenclature.
Wild-trapped birds preconditioned to captivity for 2-6 wk were usually dosed by gavage with solutions or suspensions of the test chemical in propylene glycol, according to methods described by DeCino et al. (1966) and Shafer et al. (1967). Other dosing methods occasionally used are noted in the tables. LD50 values were calculated by the method of Thompson (1948), Thompson and Weil (1952) and Weil (1952). If LD50 values for rats (Rattusnorvegicus) were available, they were provided by the cooperators.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Of the 369 chemicals tested, 180 were toxic to red-winged blackbirds (Age&us phoeniceus) or starlings (Strums vulgaris) at doses of 100 mg/kg or less (Table 1). The other 189 compounds were not toxic to either species at this dose (Table 2). An analysis was made of the comparative toxicity to rats, redwings and starlings of the 61 chemicals for which all 3 LD50 values were available (none of these compounds was solicited for 0 1972 by Academic Press, Inc. 315
TABL
E 1
w ;i;
ACLJ
TEPO
LD~O
VALU
ESO
FCHE
MIC
ALCO
MPO
UNDS
T
oxic
TO
RED
-WIN
GED
BLAC
KBIR
DSO
RST
ARLI
NG
SAT
100 M
G/K
GO
RLES
S
Che
mic
al
Am
eric
an C
hem
ical
Soc
iety
Nam
e
Sta
rling
LD50
95
%C
L
Red
win
g R
at
No.
(c
omm
on or
oth
er id
entif
icat
ion”
) bw
/kd
Gw
/W
LDS
O
(ms/
W
95%
CL
bx/W
LD
50
b-w
/W
1. A
ceta
nilid
e, 4
’-(3,
3-di
met
hyl-1
-tria
zeno
) Aba
te)
2. A
cetim
idot
hioi
c ac
id, m
ethy
l-, N
-(m
ethy
lcar
bam
oyl)
este
r (La
nnat
e)
3. p
-Ace
toto
luid
ide,
3-c
hlor
o 4.
Ani
line,
4-c
hlor
o 5.
Ani
line,
4-c
hlor
o-2,
5-di
met
hoxy
6.
Ani
line,
4-c
hlor
o-3-
nitr
o 7.
Ani
line,
2,5
-dim
etho
xy
8. A
nilin
e, 3
-flu
oro
9. A
nilin
e, 4
-flu
oro
10. A
nilin
e, 4
-iodo
11
. Ani
line,
4-n
itro
12.
Bar
bitu
ric a
cid,
5-a
llyl-S
-set
-but
yl (T
albu
tal)
13. B
arbi
turic
aci
d, 5
-ally
l-5-is
obut
yl (S
ando
ptal
) 14
. Bar
bitu
ric a
cid,
5-a
llyl-5
-( 1 -
met
hylb
utyl
) so
diu
m sa
lt (S
ecob
arbi
tal)
15. B
arbi
turic
aci
d, 5
-eth
yl-5
-isop
ropy
l- (P
roba
rbita
l) 16
. Bar
bitu
ric a
cid,
5-e
thyl
-5-(
met
hylb
utyl
) so
diu
m sa
lt (P
ento
barb
ital)
17. B
enze
ne, 5
-chl
oro-
nitr
o-2,
4-di
met
hoxy
18
. Ben
zene
diaz
osul
foni
c aci
d, p
-(di
met
hyla
min
o) s
od
ium
salt
(Dex
on)
19. B
enze
ne, 1
,3-d
initr
o 20
. B
enze
ne, su
lfoni
c ac
id
21.
Ben
zene
thio
l (Thi
ophe
nol)
22.
Ben
zene
, 1,2
,4-t
richl
oro-
5-ni
tro
23.
2,5B
enzo
diaz
ocin
e, I-
(p-c
hlor
ophe
nyl)-
1,2,
3,4,
5,6-
hexa
hydr
o di
hydr
ochl
orid
e (W
Y
5244
) 24
. 1,
4Ben
zodi
oxan
, 2-(
buty
lam
inom
ethy
l)-8-
etho
xy (E
thox
oman
e)
25.
2,C
Ben
zodi
oxep
in, 6
,7,8
,9,1
0,10
-hex
achl
oro-
1,5,
5a,6
,9,9
a-
hexa
hydr
o-6,
9-m
etha
no-3
-met
hyl- (B
ay 3
8920
)
75
32-1
78
56
42
- 10
1.
3 -
1.8
1000
56
2-l 8
70
100
>lO
o -
100
>lO
O
- 10
0 10
0 56
-178
>l
OO
>l
OO
-
56
>I00
-
100
>lO
O
- 10
0 >l
OO
-
75
>lO
a -
75
>lO
O
- lo
o >l
OO
-
75
100
56-1
78
42
>lO
O
- 75
>l
OO
-
100
18*
lo-3
2 18
b >l
Oo
- 42
75
42
-l 33
>l
OO
32
18
-56
24
>10
0*
- lo
o*
>lO
o >l
OO
50*
- -
28-8
9
100
100
- 34
8
>2s
e -
32-1
00
5.6-
18
1 .o-
3.2
56-1
78
56-l
78
56-1
78
- 32
-100
56
-178
56
-178
- -
56-1
78
- - 56
-100
56
-l 78
lo
-32
- - 56
-178
510
20
-
57.5
- 12
5 - 11
8
60
26.
Benz
oic
acid
, p-a
min
o,
ethy
l es
ter
(Ben
zoca
ine)
27
. Be
nzoi
c ac
id,
4-ch
loro
-3-n
itro
28.
2H-B
enzo
[u]q
uino
lizin
e-3-
carb
oxim
ide,
N
,N-d
ieth
yl-1
,3,4
,6,7
,11
b-
hexa
hydr
o-2-
hydr
oxy-
9,10
-dim
etho
xy-,
acet
ate
(est
er)
(Ben
zqui
nam
ide)
29
. Be
nzyl
alc
ohol
30
. o,
oBip
heno
l, 3,
3’-d
ichl
oro5
,5’d
initr
o-
(Bay
901
5)
31.
2,3-
But
aned
iol,
2-(p
-chl
orop
heny
l)-3-
met
hyl-
(Phe
nagl
ycod
ol)
32.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, 2-
set-b
utyl
-, 2-
met
hyltr
imet
hyle
ne
este
r (M
ebut
amat
e)
33.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, di
met
hyl-,
I-i
sopr
opyl
-3-m
ethy
lpyr
azol
-5-y
l es
ter
(Isol
an)
34.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, di
met
hyl,
3-m
ethy
l-1-p
heny
lpyr
azol
e+yl
es
ter
(Pyr
olan
) 35
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
dipr
opyl
thio
,- 5-
ethy
l es
ter
(Ept
am)
36.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
I-n
itrop
heny
l es
ter
37.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
1-(b
utyl
carb
amoy
l)-2-
benz
imid
azol
e es
ter
(Fun
gici
de
1991
) 38
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
3-
set-b
utyl
d-ch
loro
ph
enyl
est
er (
RE
5655
) 39
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
m
-set
-but
ylph
enyl
es
ter
(RE
5305
) 40
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
2-
chlo
ro-5
-rert-
pent
yl
phen
yl e
ster
(R
E 54
54)
41.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
2-ch
loro
-4,5
-xyl
yl
este
r (B
anol
) 42
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
m
-cum
enyl
es
ter
(AC
57
27)
43.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
4-(d
ially
lam
ino)
-3,5
-xyl
yl
este
r (B
ay 5
0282
) 44
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
2,
4-di
chlo
ro-5
-eth
yLm
-toly
l es
ter
(U
1755
6)
45.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
3,5-
diis
opro
pyl
phen
yl e
ster
(HR
S 14
22)
46.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
4-di
met
hyla
min
o-m
-toly
l es
ter
(Mat
acil)
47
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
dim
ethy
lam
ino-
3,5-
xyly
l es
ter
(Zec
tran)
48
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
o-
isop
ropo
xy
phen
yl e
ster
(Ap
roca
rb)
49.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
4-(m
ethy
lsul
finyl
)-3,5
-xyl
yl
este
r (B
ay 4
1791
) 50
. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
(met
hyls
ulfo
nyl)-
3,5-
xyly
l es
ter
(Bay
417
90)
5 1. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
met
hylth
io-m
-cum
enyl
es
ter
(ACD
70
29)
>316
-
56
- >l
OO
-
75
_-
>lO
O
>lO
O
13
>lO
O
- - 5.
6-32
-
loo
56-1
78
_-_
100
56-1
78
3100
13
5.
6-32
10
32
-
832
>lO
O
- 10
0 56
-178
8.6’
-
- -
39
>lO
O
>lO
O
- - -
- -
100
56-1
78
75
-
>lO
o -
100
56-1
78
5.6
3.2-
10
2.4
- 5.
6 -
4.6
-
16
9-28
9.
0 -
11.5
8.
5-15
.5
2.4
- 17
-
3.2
- 13
5.
6-32
13
IO
-18
>lO
O
>lO
O
212 32
15
*
- - - 18
-56
-
13
- 10
5.
6-18
50
28
-89
10
3.2-
32
3.8
1.7-
5.2
- -
- - -
42
-
1.8
1 .O
-3.2
32
18
-56
100
- - - B F
54
2 62
ij
1630
3
- %
>9
590
2 10
0 2
20
ij R 75
56
il
29
< 89
E E
>210
G
56
2 v,
30
39
99
- - -
TABL
E l-c
ontin
ued
Che
mic
al
Am
eric
an C
hem
ical
Soc
iety
Nam
e N
o.
(com
mon
or o
ther
iden
tific
atio
n”)
Sta
rling
R
edw
ing
LD50
95
%C
L LD
SO
95
%C
L @
x/kg
) b-
@g)
(w
/kg)
(m
g/W
Rat
LD
50
(w&
9
52.
Car
bam
ic ac
id, m
ethy
l-, 4
-met
hylth
io-m
-tol
yl e
ster
(Bay
326
51)
53.
Car
bam
ic ac
id, m
ethy
l-, 4
-(m
ethy
lthio
)-3,
5-xy
lyl
este
r (M
ethi
ocar
b)
54.
Car
bam
ic ac
id, m
ethy
l-, 1
-nap
hthy
l est
er (S
evin
) 55
. C
arba
mic
acid
, met
hyl-,
m-(
2-pr
opyn
ylox
y)ph
enyl
est
er
(Her
cule
s 871
7)
57b
136
- 150
56.
Car
bam
ic ac
id, m
ethy
l-, o
-(2-
prop
ynyl
oxy)
phen
yl e
ster
(H
ercu
les 9
699)
57
. Car
bam
ic ac
id, m
ethy
l-, 3
-toly
l est
er
58.
Car
bam
ic ac
id, m
ethy
l-, 2
,3,4
-trim
ethy
lphe
nyl e
ster
(SD
878
6)
59. C
arba
mic
acid
, met
hyl-,
3,4
,5-tr
imet
hylp
heny
l est
er (S
D 8
530)
60
. C
arba
mic
acid
, met
hyl-,
3,5
-xyl
yl e
ster
61
. Cin
chon
inam
ide,
2-bu
toxy
N-[
2-(d
ieth
ylam
ino)
ethy
l] hy
droc
hlor
ide
(Dib
ucai
ne)
45
>lO
o >l
OO
>l
OO
>l
OO
100
62.
Cou
mar
in, 3
-chl
oro-
7-hy
drox
y-4-
met
hyl,
O-e
ster
with
0,0
-die
thyl
ph
osph
orot
hioa
te (C
oum
apho
s)
63.
Cro
toni
c ac
id, f
-hyd
roxy
-, m
ethy
l est
er di
met
hyl p
hosp
hate
(P
hosd
rin)
32”
- 3.
5b
125
64.
Cyc
lohe
xane
, 1,2
,3,4
,5,6
-hex
achl
oro (L
inda
ne)
65.
Cyc
lope
ntan
e, 1
,3-d
isul
fony
l fluo
ride
(Phi
llips
213
3)
66.
Die
thyl
amin
oeth
yl c
hlor
ide
hydr
ochl
orid
e 67
. 1,
4:5,
8-D
imet
hano
naph
thal
ene,
1,2,
3,4,
10,1
0-he
xach
loro
-6,7
-epo
xy-
1,4,
4a 5
6 7
8 8a
-oct
ahyd
ro-e
ndo,
endo
- (End
rin)
, 9
, 9
, __
_
3.9”
10
0 1.
3 10
0
2.4
68.
1,4:
5,8-
Dim
etha
nona
phth
alen
e, 1,2,
3,4,
10,1
0-he
xach
loro
-1,4
,4a,
5,8,
8a-
hexa
hydr
o- (A
ldrin
) 7.
2 69
. 1,
4,5,
8-D
imet
hano
phth
alaz
ine,
5,6,
7,8,
9,9a
-hex
achl
oro-
1,
4,4a
,5,8
,8a-
hexa
hydr
o-, 2
oxid
e (S
D 3
450)
-
70. D
ipyr
rolid
ine,
1,l
‘-(Z
buty
nyle
ne)
(Tre
mor
ine)
>l
OO
71
. cc
-D-G
luco
chlo
ralo
se (a-C
hlor
alos
e)
75
28-1
00
- -
4747
0
67b
4.6 56
15
- - - - -
56-1
78
45
- 10
0 56
-178
42
-
10
5.6-
18
75
-
42
- -
- -
- 75
-
2.1
56-1
78
42
- - - - -
2.4
- 10
- 12
- -
67
~25
-
2.8
100
56-1
78
- 32
18
-56
400
50-9
0 2.
7-6.
9 32
-100
4.74
7
- - 1.
2-4.
0 24
-75
50
132
600
150
80
- 318
178
x - 4
170
7.9 --
72.
3-H
ydro
xygl
utac
onic
ac
id,
dim
ethy
l es
ter
dim
ethy
l ph
osph
ate
(Bom
yl)
9.5
3.0-
30
73.
Imid
izol
e,
S-ca
rbox
ylic
ac
id-,
l-(a~
met
hylk
nzyl
)~,
met
hyl
este
r. -
;; (M
etom
idat
e)
74.
Imid
izol
e,
S-ca
rbox
ylic
ac
id-,
1-(a
-met
hylb
enzy
l)-,
met
hyl
este
r hy
droc
hlor
ide
(Met
omid
ate
HC
l) 75
. I-I
ndan
amin
e,
N,N
-dim
ethy
l-3-p
heny
l (D
imef
adan
e)
76.
Keto
ne,
lo-{3
-[4-(2
-hyd
roxy
ethy
l)-I-p
iper
azin
yll-p
ropy
l) ph
enot
hiaz
in-2
-yl
met
hyl
dim
alea
te (
Acet
ophe
nazi
ne)
77.
Lyse
rgam
ide,
N
,N-d
ieth
yl-
(Lys
ergi
de)
78.
Met
hyl
sulfo
xide
79
. M
icoi
utei
na
dest
acin
a *
- 80
. N
apht
halim
ide,
N
-hyd
roxy
-, 0,
0-di
ethy
l ph
osph
orot
hioa
te
(Bay
224
08)
81,
Nor
born
ene-
2,Zd
imet
hano
L 1,
4 5
6 7
7-he
xach
loro
cycl
ic
sulfi
te
, 3
9 3
(End
osul
fan)
82
. 4-
Qxa
zolid
inon
e,
2-im
ino-
S-ph
enyl
- (P
emol
ine)
83
. l-P
ente
nyn-
3-01
, l-c
hlor
o-3-
ethy
l (E
thch
loro
vyno
l) 84
. P
hene
thyl
amin
e,
3,4-
dich
loro
, a-
met
hyl
(Lill
y 21
784)
85
. P
heno
l, 2-
set-b
utyl
-4,6
-din
itro
(Din
oseb
) 86
. P
heno
l, 2,
4din
itro
87.
Phen
othi
azin
e-2-
carb
onitr
ile,
lo-[3
-(4-h
ydro
xypi
perid
ino)
prop
yl]
(Per
icya
zine
) 88
. P
heno
thia
zine
, (l)
lO-(3
-dim
ethy
lam
ino-
2-m
ethy
lpro
pyl)-
2-m
etho
xy
(Lev
opro
maz
ine)
89
. Ph
enox
yars
ine,
lo
-chl
oro
(DID
95
) 90
. Ph
enox
yars
ine,
lO
,lO’-o
xy
bis
(DID
47
) 91
. Ph
osph
onic
ac
id,
(2,2
,2-tr
ichl
oro-
1-hy
drox
yeth
yl)
dim
ethy
l es
ter
(Tric
hlor
fon)
92
. Ph
osph
onod
ithio
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
O
-met
hyl
S-(p
-toly
l) (B
ay 4
2903
) 93
. Ph
osph
onod
ithio
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
5-
phen
yl
este
r (D
yfon
ate)
94
. Ph
osph
onot
hioi
c ac
id,
met
hyl-,
O
-eth
yl
0-na
phth
ylox
ime
(Bay
391
97)
95.
Phos
phon
othi
oic
acid
, ph
enyl
-, O
-eth
yl
0-p-
nitro
phen
yl
este
r (E
PN)
96.
Phos
phor
amid
ic
acid
, se
t-but
yl-,
ethy
l 2,
4,5-
trich
loro
phen
yl
este
r (D
owco
21
1)
97.
Phos
phor
amid
ic
acid
. et
hyl-.
2,4
-dic
hlor
ophe
nyl
este
r (D
owco
16
1)
>I00
-
56
0.30
-3.0
32-1
00
-
178
- 10
0 56
-178
-
>lO
O
- 75
32
-l 78
17
6
100
- ~
32
- 10
0 -
2.4
-
75
32-1
78
433
1.8
- -
loo
- 20
0 2.
4 -
-
5w
- 24
I O
-56
500
35c
11-1
10
>lO
O
- -
- 11
00
- 7.
ld
- 46
21
-107
- -
100
56-1
78
42
- 75
-
- -
13
-
100
500
- - 37
-60 30
loo0
56
2-17
80
,100
-
- -
- -
100
56-1
78
395
100
56-1
78
- 10
0 56
-178
>
94
24
- >
94
47’
- 40
’ -
400
32
- 5.
6 -
>75
42
-
10
5.6-
18
-
500
- 18
lo
-32
250
7.5
- 3.
2 1.
8-5.
6 50
>I00
-
13
5.6-
32
75
32-1
78
- 24
-
-
0.95
32
Che
mic
al
No.
TABL
E 1-
-con
tinl:e
d E
Sta
rling
R
edw
ing
Rat
Am
eric
an
Che
mic
al
Soci
ety
Nam
e LD
50
95%
CL
LD50
95
%C
L LD
50
(com
mon
or
oth
er
iden
tific
atio
n”)
(wdh
d bu
&d)
bw/kg
) bm
/kg)
bm
/kg)
-
98.
99.
100.
10
1.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
10
8.
109.
110.
11
1.
112.
113.
Phos
phor
amid
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
eth
yl 2
,4,5
-tric
hlor
ophe
nyl
este
r (D
owco
21
0)
Phos
phor
amid
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
m
ethy
l 2,
4,5-
trich
loro
phen
yl
este
r (D
owco
15
9)
Phos
phor
amid
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
2,4
,5-tr
ichl
orop
heny
l es
ter
(Dow
co
160)
Ph
osph
oram
idic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
tert-
buty
l-2-c
hlor
ophe
nyl
met
hyl
este
r (R
uele
ne)
Phos
phor
amid
othi
oic
acid
, ac
etim
idoy
l-,
O,O
-bis
(p-c
hlor
ophe
nyl)
este
r (G
opha
cide
) Ph
osph
oram
idot
hioi
c ac
id,
isop
ropy
l-,
0-2,
Cdi
chio
roph
enyl
O
-met
hyl
este
r (Z
ytro
n)
Phos
phor
amid
othi
oic
acid
, is
opro
pyl,
2,4,
5-tri
chlo
roph
enyl
es
ter
(Dow
co
133)
Ph
osph
oram
idot
hioi
c ac
id,
met
hyl-,
0-
(tert-
buty
l-2-c
hlor
ophe
nyl)
este
r (N
arle
ne)
. .
Phos
phor
amid
othi
oic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
O-e
thyl
0(
4-m
ethy
lthio
-m-
toly
l es
ter
(Bay
340
42)
Phos
phor
amid
othi
oic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
isop
ropy
l es
ter
(Dow
co
177)
Ph
osph
oric
ac
id,
2-ch
loro
- l -
(2,4
-dic
hlor
ophe
nyl)
viny
l es
ter
(GS
4072
) Ph
osph
oric
ac
id,
2-ch
loro
-1-(2
,4,5
trich
loro
phen
yl)
viny
l di
met
hyl
este
r (S
D 8
447)
Ph
osph
oric
ac
id,
2,2-
dich
loro
viny
l di
met
hyl
este
r (D
DVP
) Ph
osph
oric
ac
id,
diet
hyl-,
2-
ethy
lthio
-I-p-
chlo
roph
enyl
vi
nyl
este
r (G
C 42
76)
Phos
phor
ic
acid
, die
thyl
-, 5(
or 3
)-met
hylp
yraz
ole-
3(or
5)
-y]
este
r (P
yraz
oxon
e)
Phos
phor
ic
acid
, di
met
hyl-,
es
ter
with
2-
chlo
ro-N
,N-d
ieth
yl-3
- hy
drox
ycro
tona
mid
e (P
hosp
ham
idon
)
>loo
>lO
o 18
>lO
O
18
>lO
O
1100
- 1.8
>lO
O
3.2
>lO
o 12
178 40
5.6
- - lo
-32 - - - - - - - - - -
100-
316
- -
24
56
10
loo
4.2
100
7.5 75
to.3
2 100 10
100 17
10
- 1.8
-
32-1
00
5.6-
18
56-1
78
- -
3.2-
18
50-l
12
- - -
56-1
78
-
3.2-
32
- -
- - 950 13
270-
360
8 $ 31
-63
3
820 5
800 13
5000
70
- - 17
114.
Pho
spho
ric
acid
, di
met
hyl
este
r w
ith
3-hy
dro-
N-m
ethy
l cr
oton
imid
e (E
-) (A
zodr
in)
115.
Pho
spho
ric
acid
, di
met
hyl
este
r w
ith
cis-
3-hy
drox
y-N
,N-d
imet
hyl
crot
onam
ide
(Bid
rin)
116.
Pho
spho
ric
acid
, di
met
hyl
este
r w
ith
N-h
ydro
xyna
phth
alim
ide
(Bay
900
2)
117.
Pho
spho
ric
acid
, di
met
hyl-,
m
ethy
l th
ioph
enyl
es
ter
(GC
6506
) 11
8. P
hosp
horic
ac
id,
dim
ethy
l-,
2,4,
!&tri
chlo
roph
enyl
es
ter
(Dow
co
101)
11
9. P
hosp
horo
diam
idic
ac
id,
N,N
-dim
ethy
l ph
enyl
est
er (
Dowc
o 16
9)
120.
Pho
spho
rodi
thio
ic
acid
, S-
{[(p-
chlo
roph
enyl
)thio
]met
hyl}
O,O
-die
thyl
es
ter
(Car
boph
enot
hion
) 12
1. P
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
ac
id,
S-{[(
p-ch
loro
phen
yl)th
io]m
ethy
l} O
,O-d
imet
hyl
este
r (M
ethy
l tri
thio
n)
122.
Pho
spho
rodi
thio
ic
acid
, O
,O-d
ieth
yl
S-[2
-(eth
ylth
io)e
thyl
] es
ter
(Dis
ulfo
ton)
12
3. P
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-die
thyl
S-
[(eth
ylth
io)m
ethy
l] es
ter
(Pho
rate
) 12
4. P
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-die
thyl
S-
P-th
iabi
cycl
o[3.
3.1]
non-
6-
en-2
-yl
este
r (H
RS
1635
) 12
5. P
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-dim
ethy
l es
ter,
S es
ter
with
N
-met
hyl
a&am
ide
(Dim
etho
ate)
12
6. P
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
ac
id,
0,0-
dim
ethy
l-,
S-es
ter
with
3-
(mer
capt
o-
met
hyl)-
1,2,
3ben
zotri
azin
4(3N
)-one
(G
uthi
on)
127.
Pho
spho
rodi
thio
ic
acid
, 0,
0-di
met
hyl-,
S-
este
r w
ith
N-(m
erca
pto-
m
ethy
l)pht
halim
ide
(Cm
idan
) 12
8. P
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
,O’,O
’-tet
raet
hyl-,
S,
S’-m
ethy
lene
es
ter
(Eth
ion)
12
9. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, 0-
2,4-
dich
loro
phen
yl
0,0-
diet
hyl
este
r (V
C
13)
130.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
0,0-
diet
hyl
0-[2
-(eth
ylth
io)e
thyI
]est
er
mix
ture
w
ith
O,O
-die
thyl
S-
[2-(e
thyl
thio
)eth
yl]
este
r (D
emet
on)
13 1.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-die
thyl
O
-(2-is
opro
pyld
-met
hyl
Cpy
rimid
inyl
) es
ter
(Dia
zino
n)
132.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-die
thyl
0-
[p-(m
ethy
lsuI
finyl
)phe
nyl]
este
r (B
ay 2
5141
)
3.3"
1 .
P-6.
0 1.
0 0.
56-l
8 23
2.7"
0.
85-8
.5
1.6’
0.
5-5.
0 22
1100
0.
56
>lo
o 75
- - -
2.4
1.3-
4.2
0.56
-
18
lo-3
2 13
5.
6-32
5.6
3.2-
10
7.5
70-7
5 7
- 18
5.
6-56
>
78
>32 7.5
- 3.
2 1.
8-5
6
250
5 0”
1.0
0.56
-l 8
-
1100
-
32
25-4
1
27
1548
75
6.6
3.6-
12
5.5
13
$ u 21
6 m
t! 96
m
>lO
O
>304
80
- 18
lo
-32
45
-
25-2
50
14
- 27
0
1.7-
7.5
228
110
0.56
-
60-2
00
2.0
150-
220
0.32
-1.0
0.
24
5 if2
TABL
E l-c
ontin
ued
E
Che
mic
al
Amer
ican
C
hem
tcal
So
ciet
y N
ame
No.
(c
omm
on
or o
ther
ide
ntifi
catio
n“)
Sta
rling
LDSO
95
%C
L (m
dkd
(m&g
) -._
_
133.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-die
thyl
0-
[4-(m
ethy
lthio
)3,5
-xyl
yl]
este
r (B
ay 9
017)
13
4. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, O
,O-d
ieth
yl
0-p-
nitro
phen
yl
este
r (P
arat
hion
) 13
5. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, 0,
0-di
ethy
l S
-phe
nylg
lyox
ylon
itrile
, ox
ime
(Bay
798
08)
136.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
0,0-
diet
hyl
O-(3
,5,6
-tric
hlor
o-2-
pyrid
yl)
este
r (D
ursb
an)
137.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
0,0-
dim
ethy
l-,
O-e
ster
with
p-
hydr
oxy-
N,
N-
dim
ethy
lben
zene
sulfo
nam
ide
(Fam
phos
) 13
8. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, 0,
0-di
met
hyl-,
O
-[4-m
ethy
lthio
)-m-to
lyl]
este
r (F
enth
ion)
13
9. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, 0,
0-di
met
hyl
0-[4
-(met
hylth
io)-3
,5-x
ylyl
] es
ter
(Bay
373
42)
140.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-dim
ethy
l 0-
p-ni
troph
enyl
es
ter
(Met
hylp
arat
hion
) 14
1. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, 0,
0-di
met
hyl
0-4-
nitro
-m-to
lyl
este
r (S
umith
ion)
14
2. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, O
,O-d
imet
hyl
0(2,
4,5t
richl
orop
heny
l) es
ter
(Ron
nei)
143.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
-dim
ethy
l O
-(3,5
,6-tr
ichl
oro-
2-py
ridyl
) es
ter
(Dow
co
217)
14
4. P
hosp
horo
thio
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
O-e
thyl
0-
(2,4
,5-tr
ichl
orop
heny
l) es
ter
(Bay
372
89)
145.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O-e
thyl
S-
p-to
lyl
este
r (B
ay
3815
6)
146.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
O,O
’-(su
lfony
ldi-p
-phe
nyle
ne)
O,O
,O’,O
’- te
tram
ethy
l es
ter
(Aba
te)
147.
3-P
icol
ine,
4-a
min
o-
(Phi
llips
19
08)
>lO
O
5.6
5.0
4.2
5.3d
>SO
O
7.5
375d
56
110
5.0
>loo
-
3.2
1.8-
5.6
-
0.76
-40
- -
1.9-
9.5
3.0-
9.5
- - -
158-
890
32-1
00
35-3
50
-
Red
win
g R
at
LD50
95
%C
L LD
50
bx4k
g)
bx4k
.d
(mg/
kg)
4.2
2.4
3.2 13
1.8
1.8 10
10
25
80
13
1.6
1.6 42
2.4
- -
1.0-
10
-
1 .O
-3.2
1.0-
3.2
3.2-
32
5.6-
l 8
8-80
65-1
03
375 5
>loo
o 145 35
is F 21
5-24
5 B
loo0
15
250
1740
- - - - -
- 35
50
2ooo
44
6
(Per
phen
azin
e)
149.
Pip
&di
ne,
l-(1-
phen
ylc~
~llo
hexy
l) hy
droc
hlor
ide
(Phe
ncyc
lidin
e)
150.
1,3
-Pro
pane
diol
, 2,
2-bi
s(
tloro
met
hyl)
sulfa
te (
Phi
llips
26
05)
151.
l,p
repa
nOl,
3-(d
ibut
ylam
ino)
-p-a
min
oben
zoat
e su
lfate
(Bu
taca
ine)
15
2. P
yrid
ine,
C
acet
amid
o (P
hilli
ps
2038
) 15
3. P
yrid
ine,
4-a
min
o (P
hilli
ps
1861
) 15
4. P
yrid
ine,
4-a
min
o N
-oxi
de
(Phi
llips
18
63)
155.
Pyr
idin
e,
4-be
nzyl
100
237 18
>l
OO
13
4.9
- - lo
-32
-
- >l
oo
- 3.
6-6.
6 - -
32
42
2.4
100 42
2.4 85
’ 18
- 31
8 -
- -
20
56-1
78
- -
446
1.5-
3.8
21
- 75
3.
2-10
0 -
156.
Pyr
idin
e, 2
-p-c
hlor
o-a-
[2-(
dim
ethy
lam
ino)
ethy
l] ben
zyl m
alea
te
(Chl
orph
enira
min
e)
>lO
O
- 75
42
-133
-
157.
2-P
yrim
idin
epho
spho
roth
ioic
acid
, 3-b
rom
o-5,
7-di
met
hyl
pyra
zoly
l-, O
,O-d
ieth
yl e
ster
(Bay
755
46)
158.
2P
yrim
idin
epho
spho
roth
ioic
aci
d, 3
-chl
oro-
5,7-
dim
ethy
l >l
Oo
- 2.
4 -
>200
0
pyra
zoly
l-, O
,O-d
ieth
yl e
ster
(Bay
798
45)
159.
Pyr
opho
spho
ram
ide,
octa
met
hyl (
OM
PA
) 16
0. P
yrro
ldin
e, I
-met
hyl-2
-(3-
pyrid
yl)-
SO
4 (N
icot
ine)
16
1. P
yrop
hosp
horic
aci
d, te
traet
hyl e
ster
16
2. P
yrop
hosp
horo
dith
ioic
aci
d, te
traet
hyl
este
r 16
3. 2
-Qui
nolin
ecar
boxy
lic a
cid
(Qui
nald
ic a
cid)
16
4. R
eser
pine
16
5. S
trych
nine
sul
fate
16
6. T
allo
w,
l,%pr
opyl
ene
diam
ine d
eriv
ativ
e (G
C 5
942)
16
7. T
halli
um s
ulfa
te
168.
Thi
osem
icar
bazi
de
169.
p-T
olue
ne s
ulfo
nam
ide
170.
p-T
olui
dine
17
1. p
-Tol
uidi
ne,
3-br
omo-
17
2. p
-Tol
uidi
ne, 3
-chl
oro-
17
3. p
-Tol
uidi
ne,
3-ch
loro
-, h
ydro
chlo
ride
174.
p-T
olui
dine
, 2-
fluor
o-
175.
p-T
olui
dine
, 3-
fluor
o-
176.
p-T
olui
dine
, 3-
iodo
- 17
7. p
-Tol
uidi
ne,
3-ni
tro
178.
3,C
Xyl
idin
e 17
9. Z
inc
bis(
dim
ethy
ldith
ioca
rbam
ate)
(Zira
m)
180.
Zin
c b
is (d
imet
hyld
ithio
carb
amat
e)cy
cloh
exyl
amin
e com
plex
(Z
iram
cyc
lohe
xyla
min
e co
mpl
ex)
7.5 11
’ >l
oo 1.3
100
>lO
o
- 3.
2 - -
- 75
- - - -
(5.0
10
0 35”
9.1”
2 7.5h
3.
2 3.
76
100
1.3 24
32
10
-
- <l
oo
loo 100
>250
0 25
55
1.12
- -
- >l
OO
-
- 32
-l 80
24
-75
- - 3.
1B-4
.55
-
- -
- 10
-56
18-5
6 5.
6-18
-
- 75
57
1.9
2.4
2.4
>lO
O
1.8
2.4
3.2
5.6
100
1.8-
5.6
- - - - 56
-178
56
-178
- - - - -
22-1
57
- - - - l&
3.2
1 B-5
.6
1.8-
5.6
3.2-
10
56-1
78
- 5
1500
25
19
- -
>lO
OO
15
00
1500
- -
>lO
OO
- -
1400
- 32
18
-56
1400
-.-
n
Ref
eren
ce t
o tra
de
nam
es d
oes
not
impl
y en
dors
emen
t of
com
mer
cial
pr
oduc
ts
by th
e Fe
dera
l G
over
nmen
t. *
Adm
inist
ered
in
a p
repa
red
pelle
t. c
Adm
inist
ered
as
an
aque
ous
solu
tion
d Adm
inist
ered
as
an
ethy
l al
coho
l-wat
er
solu
tion.
e A
dmin
ister
ed
as a
cor
n oi
l su
spen
sion
.
--
TABL
E 2
E CO
MPO
UNDS
NO
T TO
XIC
ORA
LLY
TO
RED-
WIN
GED
BLAC
KBIR
DS
OR
STAR
LING
S AT
10
0 M
C/KG
Che
mic
al
Amer
ican
C
hem
ical
Soc
iety
Nam
e N
o.
(com
mon
or
oth
er i
dent
ifica
tion)
181.
A&
amid
e,
2,2’
-[(2-
hydr
oxye
thyl
)imin
o]bi
s[N
-(cr,c
c-di
met
hyl-
phen
ethy
l)-N
-met
hyl]
(Oxe
thaz
aine
) 18
2. A
cetic
aci
d, p
heno
xyth
io-,
s-lo
-phe
nars
inyl
es
ter
(DID
10
0)
183.
Ace
toph
enon
e,
4’-a
min
o 18
4. A
cety
lsal
icyl
ic
acid
(As
pirin
) 18
5. m
-Am
inob
enzo
ate,
et
hyl-,
met
hane
sul
fona
te
(Tric
aine
) 18
6. p
-Am
inob
enzo
ic
acid
, n-
buty
l es
ter
(But
ambe
n)
187.
Ani
line
188.
Ani
line,
2-
chlo
ro
189.
Ani
line,
2-
chlo
ro-5
-trifl
uoro
met
hyl
190.
Ani
line,
3-
chlo
ro
191.
Ani
line,
3,
4-di
chlo
ro
192.
Ani
line,
2,4
-dim
etho
xy-5
-chl
oro
193.
Ani
line,
3-io
do
194.
Ani
line,
4-m
ethy
lthio
19
5. A
nilin
e, 3
-nitr
o 19
6. o
-Ani
sidi
ne,
N-n
-but
yl-5
-sul
fona
mid
e 19
7. o
-Ani
sidi
ne,
5-ch
loro
19
8. o
-Ani
sidi
ne,
5-ni
tro
199.
p-A
nisi
dine
20
0. p
-Ani
sidi
ne,
2-ni
tro
201.
1,8
,9-A
nthr
acen
etrio
l (D
ithra
nol)
202.
Ant
hraq
uino
ne
203.
3Az
onia
bicy
clo[
3,2,
l]oct
ane,
3-
[3-(d
imet
hyla
min
o)pr
opyl
l- 1,
3,8,
8-te
tram
ethy
l m
ethy
l su
lfate
met
hosu
lfate
(T
rimet
hi-
dini
um m
etho
sulfa
te)
204.
Bar
bitu
ric
acid
, 5-
buty
l-5-e
thyl
(B
utet
hal)
205.
Bar
bitu
ricac
id,
5-(1
-cyc
lohe
xen-
1-yl
)-1,5
-dim
ethy
l, so
dium
sa
lt (H
exob
arbi
tal)
Che
mic
al
Amer
ican
C
hem
ical
Soc
iety
Nam
e N
o.
(com
mon
or
oth
er i
dent
ifica
tion)
206.
Bar
bitu
ric
acid
, 5-
(cyc
lohe
xen-
1-yl
)-5-e
thyl
(C
yclo
barb
ital)
207.
Bar
bitu
ric
acid
, 5,
5-di
ally
l (A
lloba
rbita
l) 20
8. B
arbi
turic
ac
id,
5,5-
diet
hyl,
sodi
um
salt
(Bar
bita
l) 20
9. B
arbi
turic
ac
id,
5,5-
diet
hyl-l
-met
hyl
(Met
haba
rbita
l) 21
0. B
arbi
turic
ac
id,
5-et
hyl-1
-met
hyl-5
-phe
nyl
(Mep
hoba
rbita
l) 21
1. B
arbi
turic
ac
id,
5-et
hyl-5
-phe
nyl,
sodi
um
salt
(Phe
noba
rbita
l so
dium
) 21
2. B
enza
nilid
e,
3-am
ino-
4-m
etho
xy
213.
Ben
zene
, 1-
chlo
ro-2
,5-d
imet
hoxy
21
4. B
enze
ne,
l&di
chlo
ro-2
,5-d
imet
hoxy
(C
hlor
neb)
21
5. B
enze
ne,
1-ni
tro-2
,5-d
imet
hoxy
21
6. B
enze
ne,
1,2,
3-tri
chlo
ro-4
,6-d
initr
o (C
hem
agro
26
35)
217.
Ben
zene
sul
foni
c ac
id,
2,4-
dini
tro
2 18.
2-B
enzi
mid
azol
inon
e,
1 -{ 1
-[3-(p
-fluo
robe
nzoy
l)pro
pyl]-
4-
pipe
ridyl
}- (B
enpe
ridol
) 2 1
9. 2
Ben
zim
idaz
olin
one,
1 -
{ 1-[3
-(p-fl
uoro
benz
oyl)p
ropy
l]-
1,2,
3,6-
tetra
hydr
o-4-
pyrid
yl}-
(Dro
perid
ol)
220.
3H
-1,4
-Ben
zodi
azep
am-4
-oxi
de,
7-ch
loro
-2-[(
cycl
opro
pyl-
met
hyl)a
min
o]-5
-phe
nyl-
(W-3
623)
22
1. 3
H-l,
CBe
nzod
iaze
pine
, 7-
chlo
ro-2
-met
hyla
min
o-5-
phen
yl-,
4-ox
ide
(Chl
ordi
azep
oxid
e)
222.
2H
-1,4
-Ben
zodi
azep
in-2
-one
, 7-
chlo
ro-1
,3-d
ihyd
ro-3
-hyd
roxy
- 5-
phen
yl (
Oxa
zepa
m)
223.
2H
-1,4
-Ben
zodi
azep
in-2
-one
, 7-
chlo
ro-1
,3-d
ihyd
ro-l-
met
hyl-
5-ph
enyl
- (D
iaze
pam
) 22
4. 2
H-1
,4-B
enzo
diaz
epin
-2-th
ione
, 7-
chlo
ro-1
,3-d
ihyd
ro-l-
m
ethy
lJ-p
heny
l (W
-367
6)
225.
Ben
zoic
aci
d
226.
Ben
zoic
aci
d, 4
-am
ino-
2-ch
loro
, 2-
(die
thyl
amin
o)et
hyl
este
r hy
droc
hlor
ide
(Chl
orop
roca
ine
HC
l) 22
7. B
enzo
ic a
cid,
p-a
min
o-,
2-(d
ieth
ylam
ino)
ethy
l es
ter
hydr
o-
chlo
ride
(Pro
cain
e H
Cl)
228.
Ben
zoic
aci
d, 3
-am
ino4
met
hyl
229.
Ben
zoic
aci
d, 2
-chl
oro4
prop
anon
e 23
0. B
enzo
ic a
cid,
3,C
diam
ino
23 1.
Ben
zoni
trile
23
2. 2
H-1
,2,4
-Ben
zoth
iazi
ne,
6-ch
loro
-3,4
-dih
ydro
-3(3
-0x0
-n-
prop
yl)-7
-sul
fam
yl-1
-, l-d
ioxi
de
phth
alaz
one-
azin
e (E
X 50
04)
233.
1,2
,3Be
nzot
hiaz
ine,
4-
hydr
azin
o-,
l,l,d
ioxi
de
hydr
ochl
orid
e (E
X 42
11A)
23
4. p
-But
ylam
ino
benz
oic
acid
, 2-
(dim
ethy
lam
ino)
ethy
l es
ter
hydr
ochl
orid
e (T
etra
cain
e H
Cl)
235.
But
ylca
rbam
ic
acid
, 2-
(hyd
roxy
met
hyl)-
2-m
ethy
lpen
tyl
este
r (T
ybam
ate)
23
6. B
utyr
icac
id,
este
r with
O
,Odi
met
hyl-(
2,2,
2-tri
chlo
ro-1
-hyd
roxy
et
hyl)
phos
phon
ate
(But
onat
e)
237.
But
yrop
heno
ne,
4’-fl
uoro
-4-[4
-hyd
roxy
-4-(a
,u,a
-triflu
oro-
m-
toly
l)pip
erid
ino]
- (T
riflu
perid
ol)
238.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, N
-ben
zylc
yclo
prop
ane,
et
hyl
este
r (E
ncyp
rate
) 23
9. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
n-bu
tyl
240.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, bu
tyle
thyl
thio
-, S-
prop
yl
este
r (T
illia
m)
241.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, n-
buty
l, 3’
-hyd
roxy
prop
iona
nilid
e es
ter
(R
1191
4)
242.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, 3-
(p-c
hlor
ophe
noxy
)-2-h
ydro
xypr
opyl
es
ter
(Chl
orph
enes
in)
243.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, 4-
chlo
roph
enyl
-, et
hyl
este
r 24
4. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
cycl
ohex
ylet
hylth
io-,
S-et
hyl
este
r (R
o-N
eet)
245.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, N
,N-d
i-n-b
utyl
-, et
hyl
este
r 24
6. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
diis
obut
ylth
io-,
S-et
hyl
este
r (S
ulta
n)
247.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, di
met
hyl-,
es
ter
with
3-
hydr
oxy-
N,N
-5-
prim
ethy
lpyr
azol
e-1-
carb
oxam
ide,
m
ixt.
with
5(
or 3
)- m
ethy
lpyr
azol
-3(o
r 5)
-yl
este
r (D
imet
ilan)
248.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, di
met
hyl-,
6-
met
hyl-2
-pro
pyl-4
-pyr
idin
yl
este
r (P
yram
at)
249.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, N
,N-d
iphe
nyl-,
et
hyl
este
r 25
0. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
ethy
l- (U
reth
an)
251.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
ace
tam
idop
heny
l-2,2
,2-tr
ichl
oro
este
r (F
ench
lore
that
e)
252.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, et
hyl-,
eth
yl e
ster
25
3. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
l-eth
ynyl
cycl
ohex
yl
este
r (E
thin
amat
e)
254.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, 1-
(hyd
roxy
met
hyl)p
ropy
l-,
ethy
l es
ter
255.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, is
opro
pyl,
3’-h
ydro
xypr
opio
nani
lide
este
r 8
(R
1191
3)
F 25
6. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
2-m
erca
ptoa
ceta
nilid
e 25
7. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
chlo
roph
enyl
es
ter
2 25
8. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
chlo
ro-3
-toly
l es
ter
ij 25
9. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
4-
chlo
ro-3
,5-x
ylyl
es
ter
3 26
0. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
met
hyl-,
2,
4-di
chlo
ro-3
,5-x
ylyl
es
ter
(U
1454
0)
261.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
ethy
l es
ter
8
262.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, m
ethy
l-,
phen
yl e
ster
26
3. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
2-m
ethy
l-2-p
ropy
ltrim
ethy
lene
es
ter
B (M
epro
bam
ate)
ii
264.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, te
rt-oc
tyl-,
et
hyl
este
r E
265.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, ol
eyl
este
r 26
6. C
arba
mic
ac
id,
phen
yl e
ster
3
267.
Car
bam
ic
acid
, bi
s(2,
2,2-
trich
loro
ethy
l) es
ter
(Chl
oret
hate
) d
268.
Car
bani
lic
acid
, m
-chl
oro-
, is
opro
pyl
este
r (C
IPC
) u
269.
Chl
oral
27
0. p
-Chl
orop
heny
l ph
enyl
sul
fone
(Su
lphe
none
) E
271.
8-C
hlor
othe
ophy
llinat
e,
2-(b
enzh
ydry
loxy
)-N,N
-dim
ethy
l- v1
ethy
lam
ine-
(D
imen
hydr
inat
e)
272.
Cou
mar
in,
3-[l’
-(p-c
hlor
ophe
nyl)p
ropy
l],
4-0~
0 (E
ntic
ide)
27
3. C
yclo
hexa
neca
rbam
ic
acid
, et
hyl
este
r 27
4. 4
-Cyc
lohe
xene
-l,Zd
icar
boxi
mid
e,
N-[(
trich
loro
met
hyl)t
hio]
- (C
apta
n)
275.
Bis
(dia
lcyl
phos
phin
othi
oy1)
di
sulfi
de (
Phos
tex)
27
6. D
ieth
yl
amm
oniu
m
chlo
ride,
[o
xaly
lbis
(imin
oeth
ylen
e)]-
bis-
(o-c
hlor
oben
zyl)
(Am
beno
nium
) E
TABL
E 2-
cont
inue
d
Che
mic
al
Amer
ican
C
hem
ical
So
ciet
y N
ame
Che
mic
al
Amer
ican
C
hem
ical
So
ciet
y N
ame
No.
(c
omm
on
or o
ther
ide
ntifi
catio
n)
No.
(c
omm
on
or o
ther
ide
ntifi
catio
n)
277.
27
8.
279.
28
0.
281.
282.
28
3.
284.
28
5.
286.
28
7.
288.
289.
29
0.
291.
292.
293.
294.
29
5.
296.
29
7.
298.
Dis
ulfid
e,
bis(
dim
ethy
lthio
carb
amoy
1)
(Thi
ram
) D
ithio
carb
amic
ac
id,
S,S’
-bis
(2,4
-dic
hlor
oben
zoyl
) he
xa-
met
hyle
ne (
Nia
gara
23
09)
1,2-
Dith
iol-3
-one
, 5-
chlo
ro-4
-phe
nyl-
(Her
cule
s 39
44)
Eth
anol
, 2{
2-[4
-(chl
oro-
a-ph
enyl
benz
yl)-l
-pip
eraz
inyl
]eth
oxy}
(H
ydro
xyzi
ne)
Ethy
lene
bis
(tetra
hydr
othi
ophe
noni
um)
dibr
omid
e (H
RS
1591
A)
Fluo
alum
inat
e,
sodi
um
salt
(Cry
olite
) Fl
uorid
e,
sodi
um
Glu
tarir
nide
, 2-
ethy
l-2-p
heny
l (G
lute
thim
ide)
G
uani
dine
, 1,
3-di
phen
yl
Gua
nidi
ne,
1,2,
3-tri
phen
yl
Hyd
rocu
prei
ne,
isop
enty
l et
her
(Isop
enty
lhyd
roca
prei
ne)
Iron,
bi
s(di
met
hyld
ithio
carb
amat
o)
(dim
ethy
lthio
carb
amoy
l su
lfina
to)
(Van
cide
F 4
004)
M
ande
lic a
cid,
crc
yclo
pent
yl.,
I-eth
yl3-
pipe
ridyl
es
ter
(Ditr
an)
Met
alde
hyde
2,
6-M
etha
no-3
-ben
zazo
cin-
8-01
, 1
2 3
4 5
6-he
xahy
dro-
6,
, ,
, 1
3 ll-
dim
ethy
l-3-(3
-met
hyl-2
-but
enyl
)- (P
enta
zoci
ne)
1,3,
4-M
etha
no-lH
-cyc
lobu
ta[c
@en
tale
ne,
1 ,I a
,2,2
,3,3
a,4,
5,
5a,5
b,6-
dode
cach
loro
octa
hydr
o-
(Mire
x)
Met
hyl
rese
rpat
e,
3,4,
5-tri
met
hoxy
ci
nnam
ic a
cid
este
r (R
esci
nnam
ine)
3-
Met
hylv
aler
amid
e,
2-et
hyl
(Val
noct
amid
e)
Met
hylx
anth
ene,
9(
3-di
met
hyla
min
opro
pyl)-
2-tri
fluor
o hy
droc
hlor
ide
(SKF
10
810-
A)
Mor
phol
ine,
4-
[3+b
utox
y ph
enox
y)pr
opyl
(P
ram
oxin
e)
Mor
phol
ine,
4-
(3,4
,5-tr
imet
hoxy
benz
oyl)
(Trim
etoz
ine)
l,Z
Nap
htha
quin
one,
3-
naph
thoi
c ac
id,
2,8-
dihy
drox
y
299.
30
0.
301.
302.
30
3.
304.
30
5.
306.
307.
308.
30
9.
310.
311.
312.
31
3.
314.
315.
316.
317.
Nic
kel
pent
achl
orop
heno
late
2-
Nor
born
anam
ine,
N
-eth
yl-3
-phe
nyl
(Fen
cam
fam
ine)
5-
Nor
bom
ene-
2,3-
dica
rbox
imid
e,
5-(a
-hyd
roxy
-a-2
-pyr
idyl
- be
nzyl
)-7-(a
-2-p
yrid
ylbe
nzyl
iden
e)-
(Nor
borm
ide)
2-
Oxa
zolid
ione
, 5-
(3,5
-dim
ethy
lphe
noxy
met
hyl)-
(M
etax
alon
e)
2-O
xazo
lidio
ne,
5-[(o
-met
hoxy
phen
oxy)
met
hyl]-
(M
ephe
n-
oxal
one)
Pa
rald
ehyd
e P
heno
thia
zine
, 2-
chlo
ro-lo
-(3-a
min
opro
pyl)
(EX
4422
) P
heno
thia
zine
, 2-
chlo
ro-lo
-[3-(d
imet
hyla
min
o)pr
opyl
] (C
hlor
prom
azin
e)
Phe
noth
iazi
ne,
3-ch
loro
-lo-[-
3-(d
imet
hyla
min
o)pr
opyl
] 5-
oxid
e (O
prom
azin
e)
Phe
noth
iazi
ne,
lo-(3
-dim
ethy
lam
inop
ropy
l) (P
rom
azin
e)
Phe
noth
iazi
ne,
IO-[3
-(dim
ethy
lam
ino)
prop
yl]-2
-trifl
uoro
- m
ethy
l (T
riflu
prom
azin
e)
Phe
noth
iazi
ne,
lo-[3
-(4-m
ethy
lpip
eraz
in-I-
yl)p
ropy
l]-Z
triflu
orom
ethy
l di
hydr
ochl
orid
e (T
riflu
oper
azin
e di
HC
1)
Phe
noth
iazi
ne,
lo-[2
-(1-m
ethy
l-2-p
iper
idyl
)eth
yl]-2
-(met
hyl-
sulti
nyl)
(Mes
orid
azin
e)
Phe
noth
iazi
ne,
lo-[1
-met
hyl-3
-pip
erid
yl)m
ethy
l (M
epaz
ine)
Ph
enyl
sul
foxi
de
Phos
phon
odith
ioic
ac
id,
chlo
rom
ethy
l, S,
S-di
ethy
l es
ter
(Che
mag
ro
5461
) Ph
osph
oram
idic
ac
id,
O-m
ethy
l 0(
2,4,
5-tri
chlo
roph
enyl
) es
ter
(Dow
co
208)
Ph
osph
oram
idot
hioi
c ac
id,
ethy
l-,
O-m
ethy
l 0-
4-te
rt-bu
tyl-
2-ch
loro
phen
yl
este
r (D
owco
10
5)
Phos
phor
amid
othi
oic
acid
, O
-met
hyl
0-(2
,4,5
-tric
hlor
ophe
nyl)
este
r (D
ow
Et-1
5)
318.
Pho
spho
rodi
thio
ic
acid
, O
,O-d
ieth
yl,
S-(2
,5-d
ichl
orop
heny
l- th
iom
ethy
l) e&
ar (
Phen
capt
on)
319.
Pho
spho
rodi
thio
ic
acid
, Z-
ethy
lisob
utyr
ate-
, O
,O-d
ieth
yl
S-(3
-eth
ylth
io)
(Bay
561
94)
320.
Pho
spho
roth
ioic
ac
id,
0-(3
-chl
oro-
4-ni
troph
enyl
) O
,O-
dim
ethy
l es
ter
(Chl
orth
ion)
32
1. P
iper
idin
e, 4
-ben
zyl-1
-(dim
ethy
lam
inoe
thyl
) (IN
-379
) 32
2. P
iper
azin
e, l
-(p-te
rt-bu
tylb
enzy
l)-4-
(p-c
hlor
o-cr
-phe
nylb
enzy
l) (B
ucliz
ine)
32
3. l
-Pip
eraz
inee
than
ol,
4-{3
-[2-(t
riflu
orom
ethy
l)phe
noth
iazi
n-
lo-y
l]pro
pyl}d
ihyd
roch
lorid
e (F
luph
enaz
ine)
32
4. l
-Pip
eraz
inep
ropa
nol,
4-[3
-(2-c
hlor
othi
oxau
then
-9-y
l)pro
pyl]-
(X
anth
iol)
325.
1-P
iper
azin
epro
pion
amid
e,
4-[3
-(2-c
hlor
othi
oxan
then
-9-
ylid
ene)
prop
yl]
N-m
ethy
l-,
dim
alea
te (
Clo
thiz
amid
e)
326.
Pol
yhal
odith
iote
trahy
drop
htha
limid
e (R
E 57
29)
327.
5/IP
regn
ane-
3,20
-dio
ne,
21-h
ydro
xy
sodi
um
hem
isuc
cina
te
(Hyd
roxy
dion
e)
328.
1,2
Pro
pane
diol
, 3-
(o-m
etho
xyph
enox
y)-,
I-car
bam
ate
(Met
hoca
rbam
ol)
329.
1,2
Pro
pane
diol
, 3-
pipe
ridin
o-,
dica
rban
ilate
(e
ster
) hy
dro-
ch
lorid
e (D
iper
odon
H
Cl)
330.
2-P
ropa
nol,
1 ,l,
1-tri
chlo
ro-2
-met
hyl-
(Chl
orob
utan
ol)
331.
2Pr
open
al
(Acr
olei
n)
332.
o-P
ropi
onot
olui
dide
, 2-
(pro
pyla
min
o)-
(Pril
ocai
ne)
333.
3-P
yraz
olin
-5-o
ne,
4-am
ino-
2,3-
dim
ethy
l-1-p
heny
l (A
mpy
rone
) 33
4. 2
,4(1
H,3
H)Q
uina
zolin
edio
ne,
3-[3
-(4-m
-chl
orop
heny
l-l-
pipe
razy
l)pro
pyll-
, hy
droc
hlor
ide
(MA
1337
) 33
5. 4
(3H
)-Qui
nazo
linon
e,
3-(o
-chl
orop
heny
l)-2-
met
hyl-
(Mec
loqu
alon
e)
336.
Qui
noxa
line,
6-
met
hyl-2
-oxo
-1,3
-dith
io(4
,5,6
) (O
xyth
ioqu
inox
) 33
7. R
hoda
nine
, 3-
(p-c
hlor
ophe
nyl)-
5-m
ethy
l (N
-244
) 33
8. R
hoda
nine
, 5[
p-(d
imet
hyla
min
o)be
nzyl
iden
e]
339.
Sal
icyl
ic a
cid,
5-c
hlor
o 34
0. S
ucci
nic
acid
, m
erca
pto-
, di
ethy
l es
ter
S-es
ter
with
O
,O-d
i- m
ethy
l ph
osph
orod
ithio
ate
(Mal
athi
on)
341.
Suc
ciny
lcho
line
chlo
ride
342.
Sul
fam
ide,
N’-(
dich
loro
fluor
omet
hylth
io)
N’,N
’-dim
ethy
l
343.
344.
345.
2-T
hiob
arbi
turic
ac
id,
5-al
lyl-5
-(l-m
ethy
lbut
yl)-
(Thi
amyl
al)
346.
2-T
hiob
arbi
turic
ac
id,
5-et
hyl-5
-(1-m
ethy
lbut
yl),
sodi
um
salt
(Thi
oqui
nox)
Th
iocy
anic
ac
id,
2-(2
-but
oxye
thox
y)et
hyl
este
r (L
etha
ne
384)
(Thi
open
tal
Sodi
um)
347.
Thi
ocar
bam
ic
acid
, S-
prop
yl-,
diis
opro
pyl
este
r (V
erna
m)
348.
Thi
ocar
boni
c ac
id,
cycl
ic e
ster
with
2,
3-qu
inox
alin
edith
iol
349.
35
0.
351.
35
2.
353.
35
4. Th
iocy
anic
ac
id,
1-do
decy
l Th
iopy
roph
osph
oric
ac
id,
tetra
prop
yl
este
r (N
PD)
Thio
sem
icar
bazo
ne,
N-e
thyl
is
atin
Th
iose
mic
arba
zone
, m
ethy
lgly
oxal
bi
s (N
”-met
hyl)
Thio
xant
hene
, tra
ns-9
-(3-d
ieth
ylam
inop
ropy
liden
e)-2
- tri
fluor
omet
hyl
hydr
ochl
orid
e (S
KF
1081
2)
Thio
xath
ene,
2-
dim
ethy
lsul
fam
yl-[9
-(4-m
ethy
l-l-p
iper
azin
yl)-
prop
ylid
ine]
(P
-465
7B)
Thio
xant
hene
-d9,
cc
-pro
pyla
min
e,
2-ch
loro
-N,N
-dim
ethy
l
355.
356.
(C
hlor
prot
hixe
ne)
Tolu
ene,
u-[2
-(2-b
utox
yeth
oxy)
etho
xy[-4
,5-(m
ethy
lene
diox
y)-
357.
2-
prop
yl
(Pip
eron
yl
buto
xide
) 35
8. m
-Tol
uidi
ne
359.
m-T
olui
dine
, 2-
chlo
ro-
360.
m-T
olui
dine
, 2-
met
hoxy
-4-n
itro-
36
1. o
-Tol
uidi
ne
362.
o-T
olui
dine
, 3-
chlo
ro-
363.
o-T
olui
dine
, 5-
chlo
ro-
364.
o-T
olui
dine
, 5-
nitro
- 36
5. 3
,5,7
-Tria
za-l-
azon
iaad
aman
tane
, 1-
(3-c
hlor
oally
l) ch
lorid
e (D
owici
l 10
0)
366.
Trib
rom
oeth
anol
36
7. T
ribut
yltin
ch
lorid
e 36
8. U
rea,
2-
ethy
l-3-m
ethy
lval
eryl
(C
apur
ide)
36
9. Z
inc,
[e
thyl
ene
bis(
dith
ioca
rbam
ate)
] (Z
ineb
)
N’-p
heny
l (B
ay 4
7531
) 4%
1,3-
Thia
zin-
4-on
e,
2-(p
-chl
orop
heny
l)tet
rahy
dro-
3-m
ethy
l-,
l,l-d
ioxi
de
(Chl
orm
ezan
one)
Th
iazo
le,
2-[(d
imet
hyla
min
oeth
yl)
(p-m
etho
xybe
nzyl
)am
ino]
(Z
olam
ine)
TABL
E 3
.- _
ACU
TE
PO
TOXI
CIT
Y O
F CH
EMIC
AL
COM
POUN
DS
TO
20
AVI
AN
SPEC
IES
Hous
e fin
ch
Com
mon
gr
ackle
Co
mm
on
pigeo
n (C
arpod
acus
Ch
emi-
(Quis
calus
qu
iscula
) (C
olum
ba
liuia)
m
exica
nus)
cd
LD50
(9
5 %
CL)
LD
50
(95
%
CL)
LD50
(9
5 %
CL
)
No.
bdkg
) (m
e/k)
(m
dkg)
12.
- 13
. -
14.
- 15
. -
16.
178
56
75
133
>lO
o (1
00-3
16)
133
(1.0
-3.2
) 4.
2 (5
.6-3
2)
7.5
(32-
100)
(56-
136)
100
133 56
24
10
0
41.
1.8
48.
13
2.0
7.5
51.
100
(56-
178)
13
1.
8 53
. 10
(5
.6-1
8)
13
2.4
64.
1100
65
. -
61.
5.6
71.
15
73.
- 74
. 56
89
. -
90.
- 97
. 7.
5 98
. 56
10
0.
- 10
2.
- 12
2.
2.4
123.
1.
3
-
(3.2
-10)
y.
6 17
8 56
(32-
100)
42
-
(3.2
-10)
(1
00-3
16)
(32-
100)
- 56
42
56
- 75
(32-
100)
>
100 - 15
-
(32-
178)
42
75
- -
136.
13
13
8.
- 1.
8 (1
.0-3
.2)
- -
(56-
178)
(32-
100)
(56-
178)
(1.2
-3.3
)
(1.0
-3.2
)
(32-
100)
(1
8-10
0)
(32-
100)
Hous
e sp
arro
w (P
asse
r do
mes
ticus
) LD
50
(95
% C
L)
(m-/W
133
100
(56-
l 78
) 56
(3
2-10
0)
42
75 4.2
13
32
(18-
56)
18
(10-
32)
56
(32-
100)
-
1.8
(1 G
3.2)
42
32
(1
8-56
) 32
(1
8-56
) 10
0 (5
6-17
8)
100
(56-
178)
7.
5 56
(3
2-10
0)
5.6
(3.2
-10)
- - 10
(5
.6-1
8)
5.6
(3.2
-10)
Ring
-nec
ked
Yello
w-he
aded
ph
easa
nt
black
bird
Mall
ard
duck
(P
hasim
us
(Xan
thoce
phalu
s (A
nus
platyr
hync
hos)
colch
icus)
xanth
ocep
halus
) O
ther
s LD
50
(95%
CL
) LD
50
(95%
CL
) LD
SO
(95%
CL
) LD
SO
(95%
CL
)
(mg/
b)
(mdk
g)
b-w/
W
(w/W
100
(56-
178)
>
100
237
>iO
O
75
(56-
100)
>
100
>lO
O
>lO
O
75
>lO
O
2.4
10
18
(10-
32)
13
7.5
13
- - - 42
56
133
- 4.2
- -
-
>lO
O
133
(32-
100)
10
0 (5
6-17
8)
56
>lO
O
75
- 13
75
- -
- -
13
(5.6
-32)
10
>l
OO
>l
OO
- -
- 100
(56-
178)
-
75
-
100
(56-
178)
-
178
(10&
316)
-
100
(56-
178)
- Co
mm
on
crow
7.
5 ‘T
13
(562
-178
0)
3.2
Robin
(T
urdu
s m
igrat
orius
) 21
8 (1
.8-5
.6)
b Com
mon
cr
ow
>I00
d
(32-
100)
-
e -
(5.6
-10)
1 - - - - - Co
mm
on
crow
>3
2
149.
13
3 23
7 15
0.
- -
152.
-
-
153.
-
-
160.
>l
oo
75
165.
-
-
172.
-
13
173.
-
18
(10-
32)
- 4.
0 10
0 (5
6-17
8)
> 10
0
5.6
(2.9
-12.
3)
-
- 31
6
~225
36
6
75
- - 4.2
7.5
15
> 10
0
-
(178
-562
) -
133
24
16
-
- - - 42
- -
18
(3.5
-90)
10
(5
.6-1
8)
-
n Br
own-
head
ed
cowb
ird
(Molo
thrus
a&
) 10
(5
.6-1
8)
Com
mon
cro
w (C
orvus
bra
chyrh
ynch
os)
13
Mou
rning
do
ve
(Zem
idura
m
aero
ura)
18
(1
0-32
) Bo
at-ta
iled
grac
kle
(Cas
sidix
mex
icanu
s) 5.
6 0
Bobw
hite
qu
ail
(Colin
us
virgin
ianus
) 24
M
ourn
ing
dove
IO
(5
.6-1
8)
Brow
n-he
aded
co
wbird
7.
5 (4
.2-1
3)
Ring
-bille
d gu
ll (L
arus
de
laware
nsis)
7.
5 In
ca
dove
(S
card&
ella
inca)
4.2
Boat
-taile
d gr
ackle
4.
2 W
hite
-win
ged
dove
(Z
enaid
a as
iatica
) 10
(5
.6-1
8)
Com
mon
cro
w 7.
5 0
Bobw
hite
qu
ail
3.2
(1.8
-5.6
) M
ourn
ing
dove
1.
8 (1
.1X3
.2)
com
mon
cr
ow
4.2
d M
ourn
ing
dove
42
W
hite-
crow
ned
spar
row
(Zon
otrich
ia leu
coph
rys)
56
Com
mon
cro
w 42
e
Mou
rning
do
ve
133
Whit
e-cr
owne
d sp
arro
w 56
Co
mm
on
crow
>l
OO
f Bl
ack-
billed
m
agpi
e (P
ica
pica)
Spar
row
hawk
M
ourn
ing
dove
9
Whi
te-w
inge
d do
ve
Mou
rnin
dove
Co
mm
on
WOW
Bo
at-ta
iled
grac
kle
Cana
da
goos
e (B
rania
cana
dcns
is)
h Bo
at-ta
iled
grac
kle
Whit
e-fro
nted
do
ve
(Lep
totila
ve
rreau
i) M
ourn
ing
dove
’
Brow
n-he
aded
co
wbird
W
hite-
crow
ned
spar
row
Boat
-taile
d gr
ackle
co
mm
on
crow
M
ourn
ing
dove
W
hitaw
inged
do
ve
Bron
zed
cowb
ird
(Tan
gauiu
s ae
neus
) j
Com
mon
cr
mv
Brow
n-he
aded
co
wbird
Whit
e-fro
wned
sp
arro
w
(10-
56)
r h
Mou
rning
do
ve
24
Boat
-taile
d gr
ackle
18
(1
0-32
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330 SCHAFER
known differences in rat and avian toxicity). A standard analysis of variance showed that redwings and starlings were significantly more susceptible to poisoning with these chemicals than rats (a < 0.1 ‘A). A Student t test showed that redwings were much more easily poisoned than starlings (a < 0.005 %). The mean LD50 of the 61 compounds was 110 mg/kg for rats, 48 mg/kg for starlings and 15 mg/kg for redwings. Table 3 presents data gathered on other species of birds when at least 1 species was killed with 100 mg/kg or less.
REFERENCES
DECINO, T. J., CUNNINGHAM, D. J., and SCHAFER, E. W. (1966). Toxicity of DRC-1339 to starlings. J. Wildl. Manage. 30, 249-253.
SCHAFER, E. W., STARR, R. I., CUNNINGHAM, D. J., and DECINO, T. J. (1967). Substituted phenyl N-methylcarbamates as temporary immobilizing agents for birds. J. Agr. Food Chem. S(2), 287-289.
THOMPSON, W. R. (1948). Use of moving averages and interpolation to estimate median effective dose. Bacterial. Rev. 11, 115-145.
THOMPSON, W. R., and WEIL, C. S. (1952). On the construction of tables for moving average interpolation. Biometrics 8, 51-54.
WEIL, C. S. (1952). Tables for convenient calculation of median effective dose (LD50 or ED& and instructions in their use. Biometrics 8, 249-263.