the accramobile initiative - digitaltransport4africa · osm tracker . 7 / 10 . introduction ....

The AccraMobile Initiative – November 2017

0844_170-pre-1-ssd-presentation_am3_afd.pptm 8.11.2017 TRANSITEC

AFD, PARIS – DIGITAL & TRANSPORT WORKSHOP

The AccraMobile Initiative

November 2017

Understanding Paratransit through Digital Data



Going beyond a descriptive approach

Mapping gives a good picture of the network

But very static and descriptive approach

Need to better understand the performance of the transport system

We decided to analyze it from two different angles:

• From the user’s perspective, looking at service reliability (subset of 60 routes, over 1’200 trips recorded)

• From the operator’s perspective, looking at operational performance (case study on a terminal with detailed analysis on 6 routes)

2 / 10

Introduction Results Perspectives 1/3



Digital applications used to date DataMobile/Itinerum TapLog

Main limitations:

A lot of manual manipulation required (retrieving data from server, cleaning up…)

Data from two different sources has to be merged

OSM Tracker more integrated but does not allow passenger counts

OSM Tracker

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Headway variability

Peak hour headway between 5-15 minutes

Very frequent departures during peak hours

Complementary patterns across routes

Reflect distribution of demand (load-and-go)

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3 / 10




Vehicle load factor analysis

No seats available on first part of outbound trip

⇒ Passengers have to walk to terminal!

Passengers alight before last stop to avoid congestion close to terminal

Lower load factors on return trip, since vehicles are not allowed to wait at last stop

4 / 10




Rotations and driving time

WEEK Mon. Tue. Wed. Thu. Fri. Sat. Sun.

Mean rotations by vehicle 38 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.1 6.2 4.6

Max. rotations by vehicle 87 12 15 12 13 11 14 14

Estimated driving time / veh. 23h 3h30 3h25 3h25 3h25 3h 3h55 3h05

Total number of rotations 2'667 389 385 384 397 355 436 321

Number of vehicles operating 70 67 68 68 70 70 67 63

Total collected revenue 129'700 19'000 18'800 18'800 19'300 17'200 21'200 15'400

Max. revenue by vehicle GHS 3'740 GHS 610 GHS 680 GHS 560 GHS 620 GHS 560 GHS 680 GHS 660

Mean revenue by vehicle GHS 1'860 GHS 280 GHS 280 GHS 280 GHS 280 GHS 250 GHS 320 GHS 250

Median revenue by vehicle GHS 1'780 GHS 290 GHS 270 GHS 270 GHS 260 GHS 250 GHS 320 GHS 270

Standard deviation in revenue GHS 490 GHS 110 GHS 110 GHS 100 GHS 100 GHS 90 GHS 100 GHS 110

Only taking into account 70 union vehicles

Displayed results are rounded

Revenue analysis (in Ghana cedis)

Rotations analysis

Vehicles do 5 or 6 rotations per day on average

Drivers spend less than 30% of their time driving…

And 70% of their time waiting in line at terminals!

⇒ Oversupply of vehicles causing inefficiencies and congestion

Average daily revenue is approximately 50 EUR

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synthetic

Only taking into account 70 union vehiclesDisplayed results are roundedWEEKMon.Tue.Wed.Thu.Fri.Sat.Sun.

Rotations analysis

Mean rotations by vehicle385.65.55.55.75.16.24.6

Max. rotations by vehicle8712151213111414

Estimated driving time / veh.23h3h303h253h253h253h3h553h05

Total number of rotations2,667389385384397355436321

Number of vehicles operating7067686870706763

Revenue analysis (in Ghana cedis)

Total collected revenue129,70019,00018,80018,80019,30017,20021,20015,400

Rev brut129,91119,04718,81118,80119,34217,22621,25015,435

Max. revenue by vehicle[$GHS] 3,740[$GHS] 610[$GHS] 680[$GHS] 560[$GHS] 620[$GHS] 560[$GHS] 680[$GHS] 660

Max rev brut[$GHS] 3,742[$GHS] 607[$GHS] 682[$GHS] 563[$GHS] 624[$GHS] 558[$GHS] 683[$GHS] 664

Mean revenue by vehicle[$GHS] 1,860[$GHS] 280[$GHS] 280[$GHS] 280[$GHS] 280[$GHS] 250[$GHS] 320[$GHS] 250

Mean rev brut[$GHS] 1,856[$GHS] 284[$GHS] 277[$GHS] 276[$GHS] 276[$GHS] 246[$GHS] 317[$GHS] 249

Median revenue by vehicle[$GHS] 1,780[$GHS] 290[$GHS] 270[$GHS] 270[$GHS] 260[$GHS] 250[$GHS] 320[$GHS] 270

Median brut1784288265273263254315272

Standard deviation in revenue[$GHS] 490[$GHS] 110[$GHS] 110[$GHS] 100[$GHS] 100[$GHS] 90[$GHS] 100[$GHS] 110

SD brut487.5437618517107.9110.895.7103.490.5101.7108.3

Feuil2

plateTOTAL REVMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySundayTOTAL ROTMonTueWedThuFriSatSunPlate2drivetimetotaldrivetime1drivetime2drivetime3drivetime4drivetime5drivetime6drivetime7platetotalMondayTuesday 3.WednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday

GR8628Q1016.6221132.6132.6176.888.4265.2 235334260AS1339R104920021320414287203 AS1339R1500.5283292.5290195132308

GR4112Q1060.822122122188.4265.244.2240555261AS1506R10343319416916716599207AS1506R124851299246244255153

GE6574-141149.2265.2176.844.2221221221266415505AS3159-101681324142207314199290205AS3159-102226408181.5273421271.5362.5308.5

GC1300-091193.4265.2176.888.4176.8176.822188.4276424452AS3466N122342126162198191252252AS3466N153153.5160.5208255.5252321280.5

GR6740Q1193.4132.6309.4265.288.4221176.8 273762540AS3727G98910112320114910027342AS3727G1620139179.5265198.5141.5375.5321

GW4710U1193.4265.288.4221132.6265.2221276025365AS4012D1503216275222179205204202AS4012D1818.5288.5359304240293.528053.5

GW4763Q1193.4176.8176.8221221176.8221274455405AS4940P1641215174238280243273218AS4940P2203.5287.5231.5325.5365.5327375.5291

BA1303P1237.6176.8221176.8176.8176.8132.6176.8284544434AS562S116424616236228246246AS562S146331520847.5297315280.5

AS3727G1237.6132.6176.8221176.8132.6353.644.2283454381AS6610-121387206272238246170255 AS6610-122206275364318.5326.5227.5342352.5

GR2672N1281.8221176.8176.8265.2221221 295446550AS7362Y1310197168113213126266227AS7362Y1438.5258214151298.5160.5356.5

GW877Q1281.888.444.2265.2265.2132.6221265.2292166356AS744C148322734202268286212254AS744C1990.5302.545.5284361.5385294318

GT3327C1281.8265.222122144.288.4221221296551255AW772Y1404228156246192150186246AW772Y1825297202315249.5196243.5322

AS3466N132644.2132.6176.8221221265.2265.2301345566BA1303P100515017815014613199151BA1303P1524209242.5209202193.5153315

AS562S1326265.2176.844.2265.2265.2309.4300641667ER257X119114020120121512426842ER257X1759196280.5280.5291152355.5203.5

AS1506R1370.244.2265.2221221221132.6265.2311655536ER261T1479264227197184150262195ER261T1794.5348299.5258248.520937853.5

WR362N1370.2309.444.2132.6221176.8265.2221317135465ER339W1363204143195230251191149ER339W1906.5261.5192.5259309345252287.5

AS1339R1414.4265.2265.2265.2176.8132.6309.4 326664370GB3823-121210211168244204102151130GB3823-121645286.5238.5324.5273136.5187.5198.5

GE4504-111441.6221221176.8132.6132.6292.4265.2325543366GC1300-099812181486813714817884GC1300-091367.5300187.591186.5181235.5186

ER257X1458.6176.8265.2265.2265.2132.6309.444.2334666371GC2445-101524272238204199204237170GC2445-101931364318.5273271.5273324107

GR3960Q1458.6221265.2221221265.2265.2335655606GE2604W1630239275273207188220228GE2604W2096311.5359360286.5255.5296227.5

GE6064-091502.8221221221221221176.8221345555545GE4105-131431255109181191211275209GE4105-131963345.5150251.5248.5293349325.5

GR7302N1502.8221176.8221221132.6265.2265.2345455366GE4504-111224197181146111114237238GE4504-111596.5258251.5202142.5148.5312.5281.5

GT1281D1502.8176.8265.2309.4221309.4221340467575GE5824-091528243189247289233118209GE5824-092085.5327253344378324152.5307

GT3890S1502.8309.4265.2265.2265.2353.644.2347066681GE6064-091317201168197192208150201GE6064-091787265242258262.5259209291.5

GW7937-141502.8265.2221309.4176.8265.2176.888.4346574642GE6574-1497223515633180180188GE6574-14132330420251250.5250.5265

GX5465-131502.8309.4353.6265.2221176.8176.8 347865440GE8773X2022294301281301330308207GE8773X2630379.5408370408407.5411.5245.5

GB3823-121547265.2221309.4265.2132.6176.8176.8356576344GM4975-131471197236252223203179181GM4975-131969286272.5326.5282.5288.5240273

GW3364P1547221221176.8176.8176.8309.4265.2355544476GN7634Y1520230214198222238270148GN7634Y2019299290255.5285307344238.5

AS7362Y1547221176.8132.6265.2132.6309.4309.4355436377GR253R130934262184220136180293GR253R1538.545.5342.5235289182250.5194

GR2591A1547265.2265.2176.822188.4309.4221356645275GR2591A131523421614118466279195GR2591A1934.5316311206.5254.5102366378.5

GT6157T1547265.2176.8176.8176.8221309.4221356444575GR2672N1034192135128232172175 GR2672N1727.5262.5200.5197307.5249252259

GT6546T1547309.4176.8265.2132.6353.6309.4357406387GR269Y2498376351363299389502218GR269Y3199535.5476.5539407.5558682.5

GS4075-121574.2309.4248.288.4309.4221265.2132.6357527563GR3129Q149618119625227022229184GR3129Q2135242253.5321350.5291389.5287.5

GR253R1591.244.2309.4221265.2176.8221353.6361756458GR3960Q1146171207174171210213GR3960Q1435248295.5244.5248292107

AW772Y1591.2265.2176.8265.2221176.8221265.2366465456GR4112Q9281831951896725242GR4112Q147826025925396.5321288.5

GW1791Z1591.2265.2265.2221221176.8221221366655455GR6204S141619224921817829125236GR6204S1900230339.5325.5242373.533653.5

GW1936P1591.2176.8221309.4221176.8265.2221364575465GR6395-101457216211234147254169226GR6395-101710291.5293.5303199.533524047.5

GT4216T1635.488.4309.4353.6265.2353.6265.2372708686GR6740Q8919723421063166121 GR6740Q152213531528689.5224177.5295

WR2221C1635.4309.4176.8265.2309.4265.2265.244.2377467661GR6774H1639270280232178192263224GR6774H1863.5350.5354307.5242262.5347

GW2381T1679.6176.8353.6309.4353.688.4353.644.2384878281GR7302N124117615919118691221217GR7302N1692.5234211.5252256.5139306.5293

GW7173V1706.8176.8292.4265.2132.6221353.6265.2384663586GR8046V113226323714620120184 GR8046V1801360312.5202265265107289.5

GE4105-131723.8309.4132.6221221265.2309.4265.2397355676GR8628Q7951749911713266207 GR8628Q1183257.5153158204102308.5

GR3129Q1723.8221221265.2309.4265.2353.688.4395567682GR8839Q222846243640045324119442GR8839Q3004606.5597549.5604348299

GN7634Y1768265.2265.2221265.2265.2309.4176.8406656674GS4075-12132624319878257204239107GS4075-121671334255.5101354261.5311.553.5

GR6395-101768265.2265.2265.2176.8309.4221265.2406664756GS4213-131468168192279173165270221GS4213-131780.5214262.5361.5234226337.5145

AS6610-121768265.2353.6309.4309.4221309.4 406877570GT1281D1143141189233161247172GT1281D1703.5193.5281.5343248341296.5

GR6204S1768221309.4309.4221353.6309.444.2405775871GT3327C11972522101973682210210GT3327C1496.5321267.525847.598.5267.5236.5

GS4213-131768176.8221353.6221221309.4265.2404585576GT3890S115924020919121327333GT3890S1813.5320.5291.5280.5282371.5267.5

GW2514R1768176.8265.2265.2221265.2309.4265.2404665676GT4216T115167221237192253181GT4216T1463.596.5322353.5278362.551

ER261T1812.2309.4265.2221221176.8353.6265.2417655486GT5037P2709416488401427307471199GT5037P3736.5574681.5562.5594430627267.5

GM4975-131812.2265.2265.2309.4265.2265.2221221416676655GT6157T1281213159168142165250184GT6157T1761298.5211.5214195233337.5271.5

AS744C1839.4265.244.2265.2336.6353.6265.2309.4416167867GT6546T131226616223494288268GT6546T1648.5356.5208303135.5397248.5

AS4012D1856.4265.2309.4265.2221265.2265.2265.2426765666GT823Y151325328026068212238202GT823Y213034037237291281318.5355.5

GT8288B1856.4309.4176.8265.2265.2221265.2353.6427466568GT8288B1745294168252252210246323GT8288B2097374.5214321321267.5315284

GW1132X1900.6309.4265.2176.8265.2221353.6309.4437646587GW1132X1509252207135210178278249GW1132X2161332.5295.5200.5292242380418.5

GE5824-091900.6309.4221309.4353.6309.4132.6265.2437578736GW1597R1634164220192217235348258GW1597R2173.5244.5295.5262.5299304432336

GR6774H1900.6309.4309.4265.2221221309.4265.2437765576GW1791Z1308208214183192141178192GW1791Z1845.5284290244262.5190.5242.5332

GE2604W1944.8265.2309.4309.4265.2221265.2309.4446776567GW1936P1428164202282198145242195GW1936P1699.5197233.5323.5236181.5278.5249.5

GT823Y1944.8309.4353.6353.688.4265.2309.4265.2447882676GW2361-103201424482409474364532516GW2361-103741.5565.5631.5529623.5479673.5239.5

GW1597R1944.8221265.2221265.2265.2397.8309.4445656697GW2381T12801232662462726827233GW2381T2351.5179.5368326.536491358.5664

GC2445-101989353.6309.4265.2265.2265.2309.4221458766675GW2514R1197116195178153178203174GW2514R1585.5176274.527123427130851

GR8046V2016.2499.8428.4285.6357329.8115.6 297645520GW3364P1314186198144156156252222GW3364P1689.5243.5255.5190202202332.5264

AS4940P2077.4265.2221309.4353.6309.4353.6265.2476578786GW4710U9672096518399216195GW4710U1388294.591.5260153298291

AS3159-102121.6397.8176.8265.2397.8265.2353.6265.2489469686GW4763Q1121168168197210168210GW4763Q1426.5214214258267.5214259

ER339W2488.8329.8285.6357428.4445.4357285.6365456754GW7173V1469168220218126201290246GW7173V1879.5214296294160.5265382.5267.5

GE8773X2563.6353.6397.8353.6397.8397.8397.8265.2588989996GW7937-14121621218523813621715375GW7937-141830.5274.5249318.5182286205.5315

GR8839Q2696.2530.4530.4486.2530.4309.4265.244.26112121112761GW877Q11607142252240113210232GW877Q130497.553.5321309151267.5104.5

GR269Y3138.2486.2442486.2353.6486.2618.8265.271111011811146GX5465-131182246278212174135137 GX5465-131880.5326.5370281231.5187.5189.5294.5

GT5037P3536530.4663530.4574.6397.8574.6265.280121512139136WR2221C137126415022225122822234WR2221C1767.5344.5196291335297304

GW2361-103872.6530.4601.8486.2574.6442618.8618.88712131113101414WR362N106122442104165139222165WR362N1294.5331.553.5148.5226188.530145.5

TOTAL119649.417493.017370.617217.617873.815935.819461.614297.02667.0389.0385.0384.0397.0355.0436.0321.0TOTAL129910.519047.018811.018800.519342.017225.521249.515435.0

MAX3872.6530.4663.0530.4574.6486.2618.8618.887.012.015.012.013.011.014.014.014.0MAX3741.5606.5681.5562.5623.5558.0682.5664.0

MIN1016.644.244.244.244.288.4115.644.223.00.00.00.01.02.00.00.00.0MIN1183.045.545.551.047.591.0107.045.5

MEAN1709.3261.1255.5253.2255.3227.7290.5226.938.15.65.55.55.75.16.24.64.61381.2211.8205.9204.8204.6181.4236.3186.0MEAN1855.9284.3276.6276.5276.3246.1317.2249.0

MEDIAN1591.2265.2256.7265.2221.0221.0292.4265.236.06.05.06.05.05.06.05.05.0MEDIAN1783.8287.5265.0273.0262.5253.5315.0272.3

SD508.0103.3108.890.899.887.395.199.511.32.52.52.22.21.92.52.62.6SD487.5107.9110.895.7103.490.5101.7108.3

QuintilesValuePercentage of total revenue

116972.80.1418544514

220624.40.1723736183

3225080.1881162797

425309.60.2115313574

534234.60.2861242931



Passenger volumes by section

1. Mortuary Rd 2. Korle Bu 3. Chorkor 4. Shallom 5. Soko 6. Alhaji

Route length 12 km 9 km 11 km 10 km 9 km 10 km

Travel time 34 min 33 min 42 min 36 min 29 min 40 min

Commercial speed 21 km/h 16 km/h 16 km/h 17 km/h 19 km/h 15 km/h

Passengers 26.6 30.0 31.6 27.9 25.8 26.5

Passengers / travel time 48 55 45 47 53 40

Number of departures 105 76 138 67 61 24

Vehicle.km travelled 1,265 km 680 km 1,516 km 668 km 547 km 244 km

Passengers (both directions) 2'810 2'270 4'350 1'860 1'570 650

Morning peak hour headway 5 min 8 min 12 min 11 min 43 min n/a

Evening peak hour headway 11 min 14 min 3 min 8 min 7 min 13 min

Number of vehicles operating 31 38 61 36 35 15

Means for week days (n = 3,526)

Means for round trips (n = 254)Results are rounded

Over 50% of passenger traffic concentrated on two routes

Most travelled route has 4’350 passengers/day Number of km travelled can be used to calculate

CO2 emission Passenger volumes by road segment can be

used to direct investments on infrastructure

Daily passenger volumes (both directions)

6 / 10


full

RouteTripLength (km)Avg. travel time (min)Comm. speedAvg. pass. boarding per tripAvg. pass. boardingAvg. pass. alighting per tripDepartures per dayVehicle.km travelled/dayPassengers transported/dayNumber of vehicles operating/dayMorning peak hour headway (min)Evening peak hour headway (min)Passengers/driving timePer hour

1Round trip123421292727105.41,2652,809314.810.70.7948

1Outbound6182016.015.014.9------0.8350

1Inbound6152312.611.612.2------0.7545

2Round trip9331632303075.66802,265388.314.30.9255

2Outbound4.5161615.414.414.4------0.8853

2Inbound4.5161716.515.515.3------0.9557

3Round trip114216343233137.815164,3546112.02.80.7545

3Outbound5.5201617.716.717.7------0.8350

3Inbound5.5221515.914.915.7------0.6841

4Round trip10361730282866.86681,8643611.17.70.7847

4Outbound5201516.715.715.3------0.7948

4Inbound5161913.212.212.5------0.7746

5Round trip9291928262560.85471,5693542.97.30.8953

5Outbound4.5161715.714.713.9------0.9456

5Inbound4.5132012.111.111.0------0.8450

6Round trip10401528262624.424464615n/a13.00.6740

6Outbound5201515.514.513.8------0.7243

6Inbound5191512.911.912.3------0.6137

synthetic

Results are rounded1. Mortuary Rd2. Korle Bu3. Chorkor4. Shallom5. Soko6. Alhaji

Means for round trips (n = 254)

Route length12 km9 km11 km10 km9 km10 km

Travel time34 min33 min42 min36 min29 min40 min

Commercial speed21 km/h16 km/h16 km/h17 km/h19 km/h15 km/h

Passengers26.630.031.627.925.826.5

Passengers / travel time485545475340

Means for week days (n = 3,526)

Number of departures10576138676124

Vehicle.km travelled1,265 km680 km1,516 km668 km547 km244 km

Passengers (both directions)2,8102,2704,3501,8601,570650

Morning peak hour headway5 min8 min12 min11 min43 minn/a

Evening peak hour headway11 min14 min3 min8 min7 min13 min

Number of vehicles operating313861363515

0.76470588240.90909090910.75238095240.7750.88965517240.65

Feuil3



Perspectives

Non-dedicated data collection apps require heavy manual treatment of data Lack of automatic integration between data collection and analysis stages Data quickly becomes obsolete (need for regular updates)

OSM-compatible data collection app compatible with the specificities of paratransit Web-based interface w/ analysis and rendering capabilities directly using data from data collection campaigns against OSM backdrop Real-time data on location of vehicles through embarked GPS sensors

Jungle Bus future release to include GPS tracking functionality

??? ???

Current limitations Desired solution Future developments

8 / 10




Conclusion Avoid the “data-for-the-sake-of-data” syndrome and consider applications:

For operators

• Develop business cases to access financing towards fleet renewal

• Better match the transport demand (in time and space)

• Rationalize/reorganize supply at the branch or metropolitan level

• …

For authorities

• Target investments on transport infrastructure

• Tie license delivery to service level agreements

• Focus enforcement on black spots to encourage compliance

• …

For passengers

• Obtain information on existing services (maps, journey planning…)

• Have access to on-demand transport in areas or at times of low service

• …

9 / 10


⇒ Digital technologies and data can be a powerful driver towards a transformation

of the paratransit sector!



Thank you for your attention

TRANSITEC Consulting Engineers 28 Rue Sainte-Foy, 75002 Paris, FRANCE

+33 (0)1 43 48 36 59 [email protected] · www.transitec.net

Simon Saddier [email protected]

10 / 10

3/3

https://www.linkedin.com/company/transitec-ing-nieurs-conseils-sahttps://twitter.com/TransitecGroupehttps://www.facebook.com/transitec.net

AFD, PARIS – DIGITAL & TRANSPORT WORKSHOPGoing beyond a descriptive approachDigital applications used to dateHeadway variabilityVehicle load factor analysisRotations and driving timePassenger volumes by sectionPerspectivesConclusionDiapositive numéro 15

the accramobile initiative - digitaltransport4africa · osm tracker . 7 / 10 . introduction ....

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