the 60s an era of change. change in the 60s social change –demographics –culture
TRANSCRIPT
The 60sAn Era of Change
Change in the 60s
• Social change– demographics– culture
Change in the 60s
• Social change– demographics– culture– relations with the United States
CHICAGO 1968
KENT STATE 1970
Canadian National Self-Image
• The “Peaceful Evolution” theme in Canadian history
Canadian National Self-Image
• The “Peaceful Evolution” theme in Canadian history
• contrast with the U.S.– revolution vs. evolution
Canadian National Self-Image
• The “Peaceful Evolution” theme in Canadian history
• contrast with the U.S.– revolution vs. evolution
Seymour Martin Lipset, “Revolution and Counterrevolution: The United States and Canada” in The Revolutionary Theme in Contemporary America, Thomas Ford (ed.) 1965 UWO call # E169.1.F738
Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of United States and Canada (NY 1990)
Canadian National Self-Image
• The “Peaceful Evolution” theme in Canadian history
• contrast with the U.S.– revolution vs. evolution– even towards civil rights
Canadian National Self-Image
• The “Peaceful Evolution” theme in Canadian history
• contrast with the U.S.– revolution vs. evolution– even towards civil rights
• Justified?
Demographic Change
• Population Increase (National):– 1960 17.9 million– 1970 21.3 million
• 19% increase
Demographic Change
• Population Increase (National):– 1960 17.9 million– 1970 21.3 million
• 19% increase
• (but over 30% in the 50s)
Demographic Change
• Population Increase (Provincial):– Ontario 1960-1970: 24%– Western Canada: 19%– Maritimes: 10%
Demographic Change
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1951 1961 1971
UrbanRural
Demographic ChangeLanguage Groups
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
1961 1971
French
English
Other
Language Groups (millions)
Demographic Change
• Immigration:– 1960s - 1.4 million immigrants to Canada– 1950s - 1.5 million
Demographic Change
• Immigration:– 1960s - 1.4 million immigrants to Canada– 1950s - 1.5 million “
– 1961: 8.4% of pop. recent immigrants– 1971: 6.6% “
Structural Change
Structural Change
• Social services
• Education
Structural Change
• Social services– 1960: 56 million “patient-days” in hospitals– 1970: 61 million “
Structural Change
• Social services– universal public health insurance
• Saskatchewan 1947
• Federal 1968
Structural Change
• Education
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
1960 1970
EDUCATIONAL SPENDINGIN CANADA, 1960-1970
(billions)
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
1960 1970
FULL-TIME STUDENTSIN CANADA, 1960-1970
(millions)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
1960 1970
PERCENTAGE OF CANADIANSAGED 18-24 in Post-Secondary Education, 1960-1970
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
1960 1970
PERCENTAGE OF FEMALEUNIVERSITY STUDENTS,
1960-1970
0.02.04.06.08.0
10.012.014.016.018.0
1960 1970 1975
PERCENTAGE OF FEMALEPROFESSIONAL SCHOOL
STUDENTS, 1960-1975