the « 4 per 1000 » initiative, · as an introduction: some facts • a growing population with a...
TRANSCRIPT
The « 4 per 1000 » Initiative, General presentation
2 years later
Paul LUU, Executive Secretary
June 19th 2018
A growing world population &
a growing impact on forest
A (too) slowly decreasing
population of undernourished
Evolution of the planet temperature
(1850 to 2015)(Deviation from the average 1951-1980 in °C from CRU then NASA)
Increase of atmospheric CO² from 1850 (ppm) Cumulated discharges since 1850 (Gt)
Human emissions of CO² &
concentration of CO² in the atmosphere
since 1850 (NOA)
Agriculture-related activities = 25% of global greenhouse gas emissions
Source: IPCC WGIII - 2010
AFOLU: Agriculture,
FOrestryand
Land Use
Importance of Land-Use Change (1)
Importance of Land-Use Change (2)
“Business as usual” (BAU) agriculture emissions would comprise ~50% of allowable emissions to achieve a 2°C
world
Gt CO2 eq. per year
9 11
40
74
2010 2050(Business as usual)
2050(2°C target)
Non-agricultural
emissions
Agricultural and
agriculture-driven
land-use change
emissions
~50%
49
85
22
Maize
T-Max
T-Max
Yield Yield
Rice
Climate drives yield
variation: our food
systems are sensitive
to climate,
not resilient to it
As an introduction: some facts
• A growing population with a slowly decreasing
number of undernourished
• An agriculture in the hot sea due to actions in
the other economic sectors to reduce GHG
emissions
• A need to adapt agriculture and forestry to
ongoing climate change
From these facts, 3 guidelines
for action ….
• Act on GHG emissions (mitigation) at all level
including agriculture and forestry
• Adapt agriculture and forestry to climate change
• Ensure food security that will otherwise be
strongly impacted by climate change
… Through one support: Soils
and one action: carbon
sequestration
Why storing C in soils?
• To Mitigate climate changeo Attenuate GHG emissions. OC can be stored in soils for
decades to millenia
o Low cost negative emission technology
• To Adapt to climate changeo Soil organic matter increases water retention capacity
by soils,
o decreases sensitivity to erosion
• To Contribute to food security & restore degraded soilso Major role of soil organic matter in soil fertility
o Yields stability
o 30% world soils severely degraded (FAO - 2015)
Global Soil Organic Carbon Map(GSOC map V1.2.0 – FAO-GSP 2018)
4/1000 : where does it come from?
An annual increase of 4 ‰ of the world soil surface C stocks (860*0.004)
would nearly compensate the annual CO2 increase of the atmosphere
Limits and feasability: practices
© FAO
© R.Cardinael
©a
gri
cultu
re d
e c
onse
rva
tio
n
©T.Chevallier
Rangeland management
Conservation
agriculture
Agroforestry
Water management
Integrated soil fertility
management
Organic
fertilization
Cover crops
Soil organic carbon
CO 2
Annual 4 per 1000 increase locally attainable
Great variability of C storage rates (climate, soil..)
Limits : biomass availability, nutrients, water, soil…
Soil C stocks of the world’s topsoil(0 to 0.3 m) in t/ha
Country PracticeImpact on soil C
(‰ year-1)References
BeninCrop residuesincorporation
6 to 8 Kenne et al. 2016
Ivory CoastCompost
10 t ha-1 yr-1
21 to 23 (after 23 years)
Kenne et al. 2016
CameroonAcacia senegal
improved fallow15
(after 15 years)D’Andouss Kissi et
al. 2013
D. R. CongoAcacia
auriculiformisimproved fallow
5.6(after 22 years)
Bisiaux et al. 2009 Gond et al. 2016
France, Mediterranean
zone
Wheat / walnutagroforestryassociations
7(after 18 years)
Cardinael et al. 2015a, b; 2017
E. Torquebiau et al., CIRAD
Some results according to pratices
Results of COP21 in Paris
Historical agreement: a solid foundation for international climate action
recognizing in its preamble the inclusive concept of “food security”.
Composed of 3 pillars, all including “agriculture and food security”:
➢ The legal instrument of the agreement;
➢ Lima Paris Agenda for Action (LPAA);
➢ National contributions (iNDCs).
LPAA supports and promotes 70 major international multi-stakeholder initiatives for climate (on 12 topics) including 6 on agriculture among which the “4 per 1000” Initiative.
Paris declaration of intent:
• strengthen public policies, tools and actions
• maintain or enhance carbon stock in agricultural soils,
• encourage research programs to improve knowledge on soil-carbonstorage
• assess the performance of farming techniques and methods of restoringdegraded land
• support a participatory approach to build innovative solutions and theiradoption by means of training and education programs
• share projects, actions, experience and results
On December 1st 2015, more than
160 signatories of the declaration
of intent (31 countries)
The 4°/oo Initiative
4 working axis organized in 2 parts
Action Plan
• A multi-stakeholder platform to facilitate partnerships
• A tool to expertise and evaluate projects based on a set of references and indicators
Scientific Program
• An international research and scientificcooperation program
• A digital resources center on carbon in soils
Goals of the 4°/oo Initiative
Increase carbon sequestration in soils as organicmatter, for:
➢ increasing food security
➢ adapting agriculture to climatic changes
➢ mitigating climate change
Pursuing the objectives of sustainable developmentadopted by the United Nations.
Direct TARGETS
ASSOCIATED TARGETS
Safeguard TARGETS: help Ex-ante assessment to avoid harmful impacts
Land Tenure
Hu
man
Rig
ht
(rig
ht
to f
oo
d, .
.)
Welfare, W
ellBein
gTargets of 4°/oo and SDGs
2016- JL Chotte - Ird