the 3 ds 11 27 2012_presentation1
DESCRIPTION
This is a presentation I gave to help members of the Genesee Valley Nurses Association understand important differences among delirium, dementia, and depression. Tuesday, November 27, 2012.TRANSCRIPT
The 3 D’s: Delirium, Dementia, and
DepressionSusan E. DeRosa, MS RN GCNS-BC
November 27, 2012
Genesee Valley Nurses Association
Objectives
• Define Delirium, Dementia, and Depression
• Describe the signs and symptoms of the 3 D’s in the older adult
• Identify the nurse’s role in identifying risk and interventions
It seems so basic…
• Individualized care
• Knowing the baseline
• Listening
• Consistency
Impact from any one of the 3 D’s
• Health care economics
• The older adult
• The family
• The primary care provider and staff
Delirium is a medical emergency!
S & S of Delirium
• Acute onset
• Inattention
• Disorganized thinking
• Altered state of consciousness
Risk Factors for Delirium
• 75 years or older
• Dementia
• Infection
• Polypharmacy
• Poor sleep
• Relocation
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Surgery
Confusion Assessment Method (CAM)
acute onset & inattention
plus either or both…
disorganized thinking
altered level of consciousness
Delirium Interventions
• Review of meds
• Pain management
• Sleep quality
• Fluids/nutrition
• Sensory aids
• Physical and mental activity
• Family involvement
• NO restraints
What could you do instead of this phone call?
Expected Outcomes
• Absence of delirium
• Cognitive status returned to baseline
• Functional status returned to baseline
• Discharged to same destination at pre-hospitalization
Alzheimer’s Dementia
• Slow onset-over years
• Stable symptoms
• Persistent memory changes
• Alert and stable level of consciousness
• Sleep fragmented
Alzheimer’s DementiaProposed Stages
• Preclinical
• Mild cognitive impairment
• Dementia-includes the current stages of mild, moderate, and severe
Risk Factors for Dementia
• Advancing age, but not normal aging
• First degree relative
• Apolipoprotein e4 (APOE-e4) gene
• Mild cognitive impairment with memory problems
• Cardiovascular disease risk factors
• Social engagement and diet
• Head trauma and traumatic brain injury
Mini-Cog Assessment
• Composed of 3 item recall and Clock Drawing Test
Intervention for Alzheimer’s Dementia
• Individualized
• Pre-planning
• Change of intervention with disease progression
• Appropriate use of tx options
• Good management of coexisting conditions
• Coordinated care with related communication
Expected Outcomes
• Older adult independent & functional in environment of choice for as long as possible
• Co-morbid conditions well managed
• Distressing symptoms minimized & controlled
Depression
• Syndrome with multiple causes with symptoms of affective, cognitive, somatic and/or physical manifestations
S & S of Depression
• Mood change
• Loss of interest
• Weight gain or loss
• Sleep disturbance
• Fatigue and loss of energy
• Diminished concentration
• Suicidal thoughts
Risk factors for Depression
• Alcohol/substance abuse
• Co-morbid conditions
• Functional disabilities
• Social isolation
• Loss
• Side effect of medications
Interventions for Depression
• Monitor & promote nutrition, elimination, sleep/rest patterns, pain management
• Promote physical function
• Social support
• Maximize self efficacy
• Structure of daily activities
• Safety precautions as necessary
Expected Outcomes
• Safety maintained
• Reduction in symptoms
• Daily function improves
Barriers to Implementing the Care Plan
Resources
www.consultgerirn.org geriatric protocols.
On this site you will find the “Try This” series:
– Confusion Assessment Method
– Geriatric Depression Screen
– Assessing and Managing Delirium in Persons with Dementia
– Mental Status Assessment of Older Adults: the Mini-Cog