thames valley berkshire labour market overview july...

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THAMES VALLEY BERKSHIRE LABOUR MARKET OVERVIEW – JULY 2014

The big picture: Labour market participation (16-64 year olds)

Thames Valley Berkshire residents are more likely to be in employment, and less likely to be

unemployed or economically inactive, than average across England (table 1).

However, economic activity patterns vary widely across the sub-region (table 1 and table 2). Of

particular note:

o Employment rates in Slough are low (substantially lower than the national average),

whilst unemployment and economic inactivity rates are high.

o Nearly a third of Slough residents who are defined as ‘economically inactive’ would like a

job (approximately 7,100 people, in addition to the 5,900 categorised as being

unemployed). And approximately two-fifths of those who are ‘economically inactive’

describe their current position as ‘looking after family / home’.

o Within Wokingham, the vast majority of residents who ‘economically inactive’ are not

seeking work (85%). Just over a third are students and just over a quarter are ‘looking

after family / home’.

o Similarly within West Berkshire, the vast majority of ‘economically inactive’ residents are

not seeking work (80%). A relatively high proportion (nearly a quarter) are retired.

Employment rates have recovered at a faster rate in Thames Valley Berkshire than across

England as a whole since 2011/12 (chart 1).

Since 2011/12, unemployment rates have declined more sharply in Thames Valley Berkshire than

across England as a whole (chart 2).

Young people: Labour market participation (16-24 year olds)

Approximately two-fifths of 16-24 year olds in Thames Valley Berkshire are not in employment

(44%). The majority of whom will be in full-time education (chart 3).

A higher proportion of young people are in employment1 in Thames Valley Berkshire than across

England as whole, and in the South East region (table 3).

The proportion of young people in Thames Valley Berkshire who are employed rises from

approximately 40% of 16-19 year olds to approximately 70% of 20-24 year olds (table 3).

Across the sub-region, youth employment rates are highest in Bracknell Forest and are lowest in

Slough (table 3).

Across the sub-region we see that economic inactivity2 amongst young people is lowest (in both

age groups) in Bracknell Forest. Economic inactivity of 16-19 year olds is highest in Windsor and

1 Includes students who are working whilst studying 2 Data on the levels of economic inactivity of young people across Thames Valley Berkshire is provided but is a little difficult to interpret without more granular information on the reason for being economically active (unavailable due to small sample sizes at the local authority level).

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Maidenhead and of 20-24 year olds is highest in Reading (which is likely to reflect the University

of Reading’s student population) (table 4).

The overall unemployment rates (ILO definition3) of young people in Thames Valley Berkshire are

substantially lower than the national (England) average, and are also lower than the regional

(South East) average. Differences are particularly marked amongst the 16-19 age group (table 5).

The number of young people claiming unemployment benefit within Thames Valley Berkshire is

also relatively low (table 6). Claimant unemployment rates amongst 18-24 year olds (in total and

over 6 months) are lower in Thames Valley Berkshire than the regional and national averages.

Rates within Slough stand out within the sub-region and are near the national average.

The proportion of young people claiming unemployment benefit within Thames Valley Berkshire

has broadly mirrored the national trend over the last 10 years (chart 4). Across Thames Valley

Berkshire, with the exception of Slough, young unemployment claimant rates at a local authority

level have converged in recent months, with rates currently being more similar across the sub-

region than at any time over last 10 years.

At ward level, the top 4 wards in terms of the overall number of young unemployment benefit

claimants are all in Slough, and 22 of the top 25 wards are either in Slough or Reading local

authority areas (table 7).

Estimates of the number of 16-18 year olds Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)

suggest that overall numbers across the sub-region fell between 2012 and 2013 to around 1,140

(table 8). Of the six local authority areas, only Slough experienced an increase in the number of

NEETs between 2012 and 2013 (bucking the national and regional trend).

The job market

In June 2014, approximately 7,500 job vacancies in Thames Valley Berkshire were advertised on-

line, a fall on the previous month (table 9).

The top recruiting employers4 between April and July 2014 were the NHS, Vodafone Group,

Bracknell Forest Borough Council, Amazon.com and Reading Borough Council (table 10).

Over the last three months (15 April to 14 July) three of the top five occupations for job postings

in Thames Valley Berkshire were IT-related. The remaining two occupations being ‘Business sales

executives’ and ‘HR and industrial relations officers’ (which includes recruitment consultants)

(chart 5).

When looking at on-line postings by specific job titles (chart 6), the top two job titles are ‘Sales

Executive’ followed by ‘Account Manager’; both of which are positions that are common to a

wide range of industries. The next two are more sector specific (‘Drivers’ and ‘Chefs’) and tend

to be positions available to people with sub-degree level qualifications.

Communication skills were by far the most commonly cited generic skill mentioned within job

adverts over the last 3 months in Thames Valley Berkshire, followed by management, training,

organisational skills and leadership skills (chart 7).

3 International Labour Organisation definition of unemployment is ‘people are without a job, are available to start work in the next fortnight and have actively sought work within the past four weeks or have found a job and are waiting to start’ 4 Where employer names were provided within online job postings (approximately 40% of postings)

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Sales and IT-related skills were the most commonly cited specialist skills mentioned within job

adverts over the last 3 months in the sub-region (these included skills in programming languages

SQL and Microsoft C#).

Entry level job opportunities and skills requirements

The number of online job postings for Apprentices and Interns in Thames Valley Berkshire has

been relatively stable over the last three months (table 11).

The number of vacancies advertised online for Apprentices is significantly higher than the

number of vacancies for Interns (250 v 10 in June 2014) (table 11).

In the last three months, the top three employers5 advertising online for Apprentices in Thames

Valley Berkshire were Reading Borough Council, the NHS and Travis Perkins (table 12).

Employers advertising for Interns in the last three months include the Royal Household

Company, Amazon.com, the General Electric Company (GE) and Akzo Nobel (table 13).

The top generic skills required by employers in their job postings for Apprentices in the last three

months are English and communication skills. These are followed by organisational skills, being

detailed-oriented, team work and customer service skills (table 14).

The top ‘specialist’ skill cited within job adverts for Apprentices in the last three months was

business administration. This was followed by telecommunications6, first aid, cooking,

administrative support and sales (table 15).

The top positions being advertised at a salary of less than £15,000 per annum (which are

potentially more likely to be accessible for young people without prior experience or

qualifications) are roles in the care and hospitality sectors (such as support workers, cleaners,

chefs and nursery nurses) (table 16).

Implications for City Deal

At a strategic level, the evidence presented within this paper points to:

o A potential group of women-returners, or women who have never worked, within

Slough who are seeking work and may benefit from tailored support.

o The need to tackle the concentration of young unemployment benefit claimants in

specific wards in Slough and Reading.

o The need to reverse the 16-18 NEET trend in Slough.

At an operational level the evidence presented within this paper provides details on:

o The skills employers require that it would be beneficial for young people to be equipped

with.

o Details on the top recruiting employers to engage with to ensure they are offering

opportunities to young people, including Apprenticeships and work experience.

5 Where employer names were provided within job adverts 6 Although this may refer to the industry in which roles are located rather than being a skills requirement

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TABLES AND CHARTS

1. Working age population (16-64)

Table 1: Labour Market Participation

Employed Unemployed Economically inactive

Number Rate Number Rate Number Rate

Bracknell Forest 65,200 83.2 2,200 3.3 11,000 14.0

Reading 83,500 74.1 4,600 5.2 24,500 21.8

Slough 64,500 69.7 5,900 8.4 22,200 23.9

West Berkshire 80,200 80.8 3,400 4.0 15,600 15.8

Windsor and Maidenhead 73,800 78.3 2,400 3.2 18,100 19.2

Wokingham 85,800 79.5 3,100 3.5 19,000 17.6

Thames Valley Berkshire 452,900 77.4 21,600 4.5 110,400 18.9

South East 4,100,000 75.4 253,500 5.8 1,085,000 20.0

England 24,226,900 71.7 1,997,900 7.6 7,581,200 22.4

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics Note 1: Rates do not sum to 100 due to varying denominators Note 2: Unemployment measured using ILO definition

Table 2: Economic inactivity

Want a job

Do not want a

job

Student Looking after

family / home

Long-term sick

Retired Other

Bracknell Forest 20.9 79.1 21.2 24.2 20.4 19.8 14.4

Reading 17.5 82.5 29.2 31.6 12.9 12.4 13.9

Slough 32.1 67.9 22.5 42.2 18.4 5.6 11.3

West Berkshire 19.3 80.7 29.2 24.1 10.3 23.7 12.7

Windsor and Maidenhead 23.4 76.6 28.8 31.4 5.7 15.6 18.5

Wokingham 14.7 85.3 36.5 27.5 8.9 19.7 7.4

Thames Valley Berkshire 21.5 78.5 28.2 31.2 12.5 15.1 13.0

South East 26.0 74.0 25.3 27.5 17.9 16.9 12.4

England 24.2 75.8 26.0 26.4 20.9 14.9 11.8

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics Note: Rates do not sum to 100 due to varying denominators

Local authority level figures of note are highlighted in tables using the following key:

High

Low

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Chart 1: Employment rate trends (2004 – 2013)

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics

Chart 2: Unemployment rate trends (2004 – 2013)

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics Note: Unemployment measured using ILO definition

64.0

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Thames Valley Berkshire England

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2. Labour market participation of young people (16-24 year olds)

Chart 3: Labour market participation by age (Thames Valley Berkshire)

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics Note: Young people who are working whilst studying are categorised as being employed.

Table 3: Employment rates of young people

Employed

16-19 20-24 16-24


Bracknell Forest 3,300 58.5 5,800 83.8 9,100 72.3

Reading 2,300 36.3 8,600 60.0 10,900 52.7

Slough 1,100 18.7 6,500 65.1 7,600 47.9

West Berkshire 4,000 45.5 4,800 69.2 8,800 55.9


Wokingham 3,900 39.4 5,500 70.3 9,400 53.1


South East 152,600 37.5 357,100 68.1 509,700 54.7

England 807,200 32.7 2,217,000 62.0 3,024,200 50.0

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics Note: Young people who are working whilst studying are categorised as being employed.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

16-19 20-24 16-24

Employed Economically inactive Unemployed

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Table 4: Economically inactive amongst young people

Economic Inactivity

16-19 20-24 16-24


Bracknell Forest 1,900 34.0 600 8.1 2,500 19.9

Reading 3,600 56.6 4,500 31.2 8,100 39.0

Slough 3,700 62.1 2,100 20.7 5,800 36.1

West Berkshire 3,700 42.3 1,700 24.8 5,500 34.6


Wokingham 5,300 54.6 1,900 24.0 7,200 41.0


South East 207,600 51.0 118,900 22.7 326,500 35.0

England 1,344,500 54.4 924,800 25.9 2,269,300 37.5

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics

Table 5: Unemployment amongst young people

Unemployed

16-19 20-24 16-24



South East 46,900 23.5 48,400 11.9 95,300 15.8

England 318,000 28.3 434,900 16.4 752,900 19.9

Source: Annual Population Survey, Jan 2013-Dec 2013, Office for National Statistics Note: Unemployment measured using ILO definition

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Table 6: 18-247 unemployment claimants – May 2014

Total Over 6 months Number Rate Number Rate

Bracknell Forest 145 1.6 40 0.4

Reading 325 1.7 65 0.3

Slough 440 3.6 170 1.4

West Berkshire 170 1.6 35 0.3

Windsor and Maidenhead 180 1.9 60 0.6

Wokingham 120 1.1 30 0.3

Thames Valley Berkshire 1,375 1.9 395 0.6

South East 19,090 2.5 6,185 0.8

England 204,930 4.1 73,925 1.5

Source: DWP, July 2014

Chart 4: Youth unemployment trends (18-24 unemployment claimants, 2004 – 2014)


7 18-24 year old rather than 16-24 year old age bracket used due to negligible number of 16-17 year olds claiming unemployment benefit

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

April2004

April2005

April2006

April2007

April2008

April2009

April2010

April2011

April2012

April2013

April2014

Bracknell Forest Reading

Slough West Berkshire

Windsor and Maidenhead Wokingham


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Table 7: Number of 18-24 year old unemployment benefit claimants by ward (top 18 wards) – May 2014

Top 25 Wards Local Authority District Number of 18-24 year

old claimants Baylis and Stoke Slough 60

Chalvey Slough 50

Britwell Slough 45

Central Slough 45

Whitley Reading 40

Wexham Lea Slough 40

Battle Reading 30

Katesgrove Reading 30

Minster Reading 30

Norcot Reading 30

Cippenham Green Slough 30

Cippenham Meadows Slough 30

Church Reading 25

Tilehurst Reading 25

Farnham Slough 25

Foxborough Slough 25

Haymill Slough 25

Kedermister Slough 25

Old Bracknell Bracknell Forest 20

Abbey Reading 20

Caversham Reading 20

Kentwood Reading 20

Park Reading 20

Clay Hill West Berkshire 20

Cox Green Windsor and Maidenhead 20


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Table 8: 16 to 18 year olds Not in Employment, Education or Training (NEET)

2012 2013

Estimated number of

NEETs

% % whose activity is

not known

Estimated number of

NEETs

% % whose activity is

not known

Bracknell Forest 210 6.0% 1.9% 140 4.0% 2.6%

Reading 360 8.4% 2.6% 270 6.3% 3.4%

Slough 230 4.9% 6.6% 280 6.1% 7.6%

West Berkshire 210 4.4% 2.1% 150 3.1% 1.8%

Windsor & Maidenhead 170 4.8% 7.1% 150 4.1% 14.3%8

Wokingham 180 3.6% 3.8% 150 3.1% 3.1%

Thames Valley Berkshire 1,360 5.2% 1,140 4.4%

South East 14,540 5.4% 13,620 5.1%

England 100,040 5.7% 92,240 5.3%

Source: DFE, July 2014 (based on Local Authority administrative data)

3. The Job Market

Table 9: On-line job postings

LAD Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14

Reading 3,020 4,220 3,550

Slough 1,250 1,470 1,060

Windsor and Maidenhead 960 1,310 1,120

Bracknell Forest 740 920 720

West Berkshire 700 1,030 760

Wokingham 290 480 310

Thames Valley Berkshire 6,960 9,430 7,520 Source: Labour Insight, Burning Glass Technologies, July 2014 Note: Some job vacancies that technically fall within West Berkshire and Wokingham local authority areas are likely to be advertised as being in Reading as it is the nearest large urban area.

8 High % of unknowns, treat NEET figures with caution

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Table 10: Top recruiting employers (15 April – 14 July 2014)

Employer Job Postings

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 594

VODAFONE GROUP 235

BRACKNELL FOREST BOROUGH COUNCIL 177

AMAZON.COM 163

READING BOROUGH COUNCIL 151

THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD 136

JOHNSON & JOHNSON 103

FOSTER WHEELER 102

UNIVERSITY OF READING 100

THAMES WATER 91

HUTCHISON 3G UK LIMITED 84

JOHN LEWIS PARTNERSHIP 80

SLOUGH BOROUGH COUNCIL 61

CARE UK HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE 61

AWE (ATOMIC WEAPONS ESTABLISHMENT) 54

MITCHELLS & BUTLERS 50

COMVERGENT LIMITED 48

NTT COM SECURITY 46

SYMANTECCLOUD 46

BMW GROUP 44

MERLIN ENTERTAINMENTS GROUP 42

STOKE PARK COUNTRY CLUB & RESORT 40

BARCLAYS 40

Source: Labour Insight, Burning Glass Technologies, July 2014

Note: Approximately 40% of job postings include an employer name

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Chart 5: Top Occupations (15 April – 14 July 2014)


1,350

1,126

697

520

500

496

444

444

432

414

399

350

346

330

315

314

311

304

302

265

258

245

240

237

233

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600

IT business analysts, architects and systems…

Programmers and software development…

Business sales executives

Human resources and industrial relations officers

IT user support technicians

Marketing and sales directors

Business and financial project management…

IT operations technicians

Information technology and telecommunications…

Nurses

Other administrative occupations n.e.c.

Sales accounts and business development managers

Sales Supervisors

Chartered and certified accountants

Web design and development professionals

Sales related occupations n.e.c.

Financial accounts managers

IT specialist managers

Financial managers and directors

Production managers and directors in manufacturing

Finance and investment analysts and advisers

Cooks

Vehicle and parts salespersons and advisers

Sales and retail assistants

Management consultants and business analysts

13

Chart 6: Top Job Titles (15 April – 14 July 2014)


434

320

250

196

186

175

160

157

155

150

127

125

112

110

108

103

89

88

81

80

78

77

77

76

71

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Sales Executive

Account Manager

Drivers

Chef

Marketing Manager

Recruiting Consultant

Project Manager

Business Analyst

Controller

Solutions Architect

Receptionist

Retail Sales Manager|Sales Manager

Sales Consultant

Assistant Manager

Software Developer

Accountant

Nanny

Cleaner

Software Engineer

Social Worker

Sales Engineer

Administrator

.Net Developer

Store Manager

Asp .Net Developer

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Chart 7: Top Generic Skills Requirements in On-line Job Postings (15 April – 14 July 2014)


5,385

3,590

3,483

3,005

2,189

2,075

1,973

1,894

1,827

1,733

1,672

1,408

1,375

1,332

1,318

1,062

921

885

813

737

694

689

684

667

666

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

Communication Skills

Management

Training

Organisational Skills

Leadership

Planning

Project Management

Writing

Microsoft Excel

Customer service

Detail-Oriented

Problem Solving

Team Work

English

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft

Creativity

Presentation Skills

Research

Quality Assurance and Control

Budgeting

Troubleshooting

Building Effective Relationships with Customers /…

Time Management

15

Chart 8: Top Specialist Skills Requirements in On-line Job Postings (15 April – 14 July 2014)


1,223

1,078

1,019

833

745

729

662

660

626

620

522

521

492

489

448

428

426

425

423

421

414

412

401

397

394

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400

Sales

Telecommunications

SQL

Contract Management

Microsoft C#

Business Development

JavaScript

Accounting

.NET

LINUX

Java

SQL Server

Oracle

ITIL

Administrative Support

Marketing

Account Management

Mentoring

Procurement

Forecasting

Customer relationship management (CRM)

Business Process

SAP

Product Sale and Delivery

Business Analysis

16

4. Entry level job opportunities and skills requirements

Table 11: Job postings for Apprentices and Interns (Thames Valley Berkshire)

Apr-14 May-14 Jun-14

Apprenticeships 250 260 250

Internships 20 20 10


Table 12: Top employers advertising online for Apprentices (15 April – 14 July 2014)

Employer Number of postings

READING BOROUGH COUNCIL 13

NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE 11

TRAVIS PERKINS 9

BUSY BEES CHILDCARE 5

O2 MOBILE 5

RUSH HAIR 5

JOHN LEWIS PARTNERSHIP 4

VODAFONE GROUP 4

PRUDENTIAL 4

THAMES WATER 4

BAXTER STOREY 3

NORSK EUROPEAN WHOLESALE LTD 3

CROUDACE LTD 3

TGI FRIDAYS 3

BRACKNELL FOREST BOROUGH COUNCIL 3

SLOUGH BOROUGH COUNCIL 3

MACDONALD HOTELS & RESORTS 3

HOUSING SOLUTIONS 3

RETAIL MARKETING GROUP 3

THE ROYAL BOROUGH OF WINDSOR AND MAIDENHEAD 3

WE BRAND IT 3


17

Table 13: Top employers advertising online for Interns (15 April – 14 July 2014)

Employer Job Postings

ROYAL HOUSEHOLD COMPANY 3

AMAZON.COM 3

GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY 3

AKZO NOBEL N.V. 3

SYMANTECCLOUD 2

AGILENT DE 2

UNIVERSITY OF READING 2

HP 2

ERICSSON 1

POLYCOM INCORPORATED 1

ANDERSON BAPTIST CHURCH 1

CENTRICA 1

JOHNSON & JOHNSON 1

HEWLETT PACKARD COMPANY 1

THE SAGE GROUP PLC 2

AGILENT 1

PANOVUS MARKETING LIMITED 1


Table 14: Top Generic Skills Requirements in On-line Job Postings for Apprentices (15 April – 14 July 2014)

Skills Job Postings

English 313

Communication Skills 258

Organisational Skills 157

Detail-Oriented 138

Team Work 112

Customer service 110

Creativity 71

Writing 70

File Management 66

Problem Solving 56

Microsoft Office 53

Microsoft Excel 47

Planning 45

Computer Skills 41

Positive Disposition 37

Quality Assurance and Control 34

Data Entry 32

Telephone Skills 31

Listening 31


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Table 15: Top Specialised Skills Requirements in On-line Job Postings for Apprentices (15 April – 14 July 2014)

Skills Job Postings

Business Administration 90

Telecommunications 55

First Aid 47

Cooking 40

Administrative Support 39

Sales 39

Mathematics 39

Child Care 34

Singing 25

Vehicle Maintenance 23

Accounting 22

Office Management 21

Social Media 20

Taking Messages 19

Stock Control 19

Appointment Setting 18

Travel Arrangements 17

Carpentry 16

Product Sale and Delivery 15

Record Keeping 14

Administrative Functions 13

Spreadsheets 13

IT Support 12


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Table 16: Job postings with a salary of less than £15,000 per annum (full-time positions) (15 April – 14 July 2014)

Job title Job Postings

Support Worker (carers) 23

Cleaner 20

Chef 15

Nursery Nurse 12

Care Assistant 12

Care Worker 11

Social Worker 10

Sales Executive 10

Room Attendant 10

Porter 10

Drivers 9

Housekeeper 9

Team Member 8

Labourer 8

Warehouse Operative 8

Sales Adviser 8

Apprentice Chef 7

Office Assistant 6

Receptionist 6

Customer Service Assistant 6

Sales Assistant 6

Kitchen Assistant 6

Office Administrator 5

Cscs Labourer 5

Apprenticeship In Childcare 5

Supplier Quality Engineer 5

Barista 5

Sales Advisor 5

General Labourer 5

Sql Database Administrator 5

Nanny 5

Administration Assistant 5


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Data sources

All data presented within this paper is the latest available at 15 July 2014.

Some key points to note regarding the data sources used in this paper are outlined below.

Unemployment measures

Unemployment can be measured in different ways. Within this paper we present unemployment figures

derived from the Annual Population Survey, conducted by the Office for National Statistics, and

administrative figures collated by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) via JobCentre Plus local

offices.

The Annual Population Survey capture the International Labour Organisation (ILO) definition of

unemployment, which is when people are without a job, are available to start work in the next fortnight

and have actively sought work within the past four weeks or have found a job and are waiting to start.

This measure includes both Jobseeker Allowance and non-Jobseeker Allowance claimants, providing a

more accurate picture of those people out of work.

DWP ‘claimant count’ unemployment data is a record of the number of claimants of Jobseekers

Allowance (JSA). This data is released more frequently (monthly) and is actual numbers rather than a

survey estimation.

Online job postings (Labour Insight)

The intelligence from online job postings presented within this paper has been sourced from Labour

Insight, a tool developed by technology company Burning Glass Technologies. The tool processes

information from real-time job postings ‘scraped’ from the internet. Burning Glass Technologies estimate

that they capture approximately 90% of job adverts that are placed online (from jobs boards, recruitment

agency websites and directly from employers’ own websites giving a good indication of hiring activity and

the level of demand for people with different types of skills.

The main limitation of the methodology is that the intelligence that can be gathered is only as good as

the information that employers and agencies include within job adverts. So, for example, whilst the vast

majority of job adverts will include a job title and skills requirements, many will not include a salary,

qualifications required or an employer’s name.

Another limitation is that it can be difficult to ascertain where precisely a job is located. If a postcode is

provided within a job advert then this can accurately be coded to a town and / or local authority area.

However, an employer recruiting in Theale, which is in West Berkshire but borders Reading, may

advertise the job location as being ‘Reading’ which would result in the job being coded to the Reading

local authority area.

thames valley berkshire labour market overview july...

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