th young researhers meeting on onservation and sustainale use of forest...

Valsaín, Segovia (Spain)

30th and 31st January 2017

XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING

ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE

USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS

Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute

University of Valladolid-INIA

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XIth YOUNG RESEARCHERS MEETING ON CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS

CENEAM, Valsaín (Spain). 30-31st January 2016

SUMMARY PREFACE ..................................................................................................................................................... 5

WELCOME CONFERENCE ......................................................................................................................... 6

MINING GENOMIC DATA IN A SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY CONTEXT ...................................... 6

SESSION I .................................................................................................................................................... 7

FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND SUCCESSION FOLLOWING STAND DEVELOPMENT IN Pinus

patula PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA ......................................................................... 8

POSSIBLE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE BIOTIC AGENTS IN THE FOREST DECLINE OF

MARITIME PINE STANDS IN MADRID .......................................................................................... 9

ENDEMIC TREES EXTINCTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE - BRAZIL 10

INTER AND INTRA SPECIES VARIATION ON MEXICAN PINES GROWN UNDER TWO

WATERING REGIMES ................................................................................................................. 11

FARMERS’ PREFERENCES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS OF

AGROFORESTRY FOOD RESOURCES IN NIGER .................................................................... 12

IMPACTS OF THE INVASION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN

DEGRADED LANDS OF NORTH INDIA ...................................................................................... 13

SESSION II ................................................................................................................................................. 14

INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY:

A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON ............................................................................................... 15

NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE PROPAGATION OF NOISE CAUSE BY RAILWAY TO THE

SURROUNDING AREAS.............................................................................................................. 16

STUDY OF BLACK CARBON CONTENT IN BIOCHAR OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT

PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................... 17

RESEARCH ON PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT THE COC LAKE

PROTECTED FOREST IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE (VIET NAM) .......................................... 18

DOES THE OVERSTORY COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON NATURAL REGENERATION? THE

CASE OF MIXED STONE PINE AND MARITIME PINE FOREST ............................................... 19

TRANSVERSAL TALK .............................................................................................................................. 20

CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS. WHAT NEXT? .............. 20

SESSION II ................................................................................................................................................. 21

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MICRO-WATERSHEDS IN ACHUPALLAS PARISH, SANGAY

NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR USING GIS TECHNIQUES ......................................................... 22

INFLUENCE OF INDOLEBUTYRIC ACID ON THE IN VITRO ROOTING OF Populus tremula L.

...................................................................................................................................................... 23

COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES IN RELATION TO

VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF A TROPICAL WET EVERGREEN FOREST IN BANGLADESH

...................................................................................................................................................... 24

QUANTIFICATION OF B. edulis EXTRARADICAL MYCELIUM IN THE SOIL UNDER

DIFFERENT C. ladanifer MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS .......................................................... 25

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IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRADITIONAL VARIETIES OF

CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa mill.) IN VALLE DEL JERTE, VALLE DEL AMBROZ, LA VERA

AND VALENCIA DE ALCÁNTARA REGIONS.............................................................................. 26

SESSION IV ............................................................................................................................................... 27

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN DESERT LANDS USING SEWAGE

WATER ......................................................................................................................................... 28

ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND PLANTATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY

FROM TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA .......................................................................... 29

MANGROVE FOREST: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING SILVICULTURAL

PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH ...................................................................................................... 30

OLD-GROWTH PICEA ABIES STANDS ON THE TERRITORY OF OSMOLODA STATE

FORESTRY ENTERPRISE .......................................................................................................... 31

IMPLEMENTING REDD+: EVALUATIONS OF OPTIONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE

STRUCTURES ............................................................................................................................. 32

STAND CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST

ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH ................................................................................................ 33

YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVARS AT SYLHET

REGION ........................................................................................................................................ 34

PREDICTING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST TREE SPECIES OF

BANGLADESH: EVIDENCE FROM THREATENED Dysoxylum binectariferum (ROXB.) HOOK.F.

EX BEDD. (MELIACEAE) ............................................................................................................. 35

STUDIES ON SEED BIOLOGY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DIPTEROCARPS IN

CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS ....................................................................................... 36

IDENTIFYING FIRE SEASON IN THE MAIN FOREST REGIONS OF SYRIA ............................. 37

SESSION V ................................................................................................................................................ 38

MIXED FORESTS MENSURATION: LOOKING FOR A TLS DATA EXTRACTION

METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 39

CLIMATE-GROWTH ASSOCIATION OF Prosopis caldenia IN THE SEMIARID ARGENTINEAN

PAMPAS ....................................................................................................................................... 40

OPTIMISATION OF REGENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MORPHOGENIC CALLUS IN

WHITE POPLAR (Populus alba l.) BY SIMPLE AND DOUBLE REGENERATION TECHINIQUES

...................................................................................................................................................... 41

USING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (SECR) MODELLING TO STUDY A

FOSSORIAL RODENT ................................................................................................................. 42

PARAMETERS TO ASSESS A POOL AND WEIR FISH PASS AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM:

FIELD EXPERIENCES ................................................................................................................. 43

HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY FROM MADI MUNICIPALITY OF CHITWAN

DISTRICT, NEPAL ....................................................................................................................... 44

IN VIVO ANTAGONISM OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Fusarium circinatum .............. 45

SESSION VI ............................................................................................................................................... 46

PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF COAST ......... 47

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APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE

VULNERABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE: CASE STUDY OF

MAAMORA FOREST .................................................................................................................... 48

THE USE OF DIFFERENT BAITS TO ISOLATE Phytophthora FROM STREAM ECOSYSTEMS

...................................................................................................................................................... 49

GRAZING AS A FIRE PREVENTION TOOL IN A MEDITERRANEAN CONSERVATION

PROJECT WITHIN A MOSAIC-STRUCTURED FOREST LANDSCAPE ..................................... 50

POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MIXED FORESTS FUNGI FOR THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF

CONTAMINATED SOILS.............................................................................................................. 51

WATER & FORESTS. A CONVENIENT RELATIONSHIP? ......................................................... 52

ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN ESMERALDAS CITY´S

VICINITY (ECUADOR) ................................................................................................................. 54

FACTORS OCK Scolopax rusticola IN A MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF SOUTH EUROPE

(MONCAYO NATURAL PARK) .................................................................................................... 55

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. CASE

STUDY .......................................................................................................................................... 56

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Editors: Elena Hidalgo Rodríguez, Javier Dorado Reyes, Ainhoa Iñiguez Soto, Diego

Armando Damián Carrión, Samuel Gato Martín, Guillermo Jové Alcalde & Raúl Arcadio

Fernández González

Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute (University of Valladolid-INIA)

Avda. De Valladolid 44, 34071 Palencia (Spain)

Telephone: +34 979108300

Fax: +34 979108301

Websites:

http://sostenible.palencia.uva.es

www.resarch4forestry.eu

ISBN: 978-84-617-9574-1

http://sostenible.palencia.uva.es/

http://www.resarch4forestry.eu/

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PREFACE

Science needs ideas exchange and scientists and end-users networking. As ideas pass from

different filters and discussions and we tested them against evidences, scientific knowledge is

improved. Our Annual Young Researchers meeting allows our student to learn for their mates

and professors and feed their career with new challenges and solutions.

Our meeting is the biggest student scientific event, in the forestry domain, in Europe and allows

students from 16 countries and four continents to establish new synergies that will help their

personal and scientific development. As in previous year in this meeting participate students from

our Masters programs (MEDFOR, Ingeniería de Montes and Conservación y Uso Sostenible de

Sistemas Forestales) and PhD program. All students will present and discuss their ideas and

findings with students and professors from our program and beyond. In this occasion,

Researchers from the private sector and alumni from our program will accompany us to deliver

talks and facilitate scientific discussions.

Staff and Director of National Environmental Education Center (CENEAM) facilitate the venue for

the Congress and make our live easier while dealing with all the practicalities at Valsaín.

European Union Erasmus Mundus Action A (through the MEDFOR program) collaborated to

make this event a new success. Last but not less, I should acknowledge the hard work of

students and professors which coordinate and run the meeting for their hard work and the quality

of the organization.

I wish you a nice and fruitful meeting in Valsaín.

Prof. Dr. Felipe Bravo

Director

Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute

Universidad de Valladolid - INIA

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WELCOME CONFERENCE

MINING GENOMIC DATA IN A SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY CONTEXT

Ignacio Belda (PhD)

Scientific Advisor, Biome Makers Inc

e-mail: [email protected]

Soil ecosystems are a complex mix of physical, chemical and biological factors where

microorganisms play a critical role. The microbial consortia established in the soil of forests and

crops is determinant for the dynamics of biogeochemical cycles and, thus, for the nutritional

properties of these soils. In addition, several plant and tree diseases have a microbial origin, and

soils are important reservoirs of these pathogens. On the contrary, different microbial species

have been suggested as being “probiotic” or nutrient-mobilizers for soil plants soil. Since a few of

these pathogens and beneficial microorganisms are nowadays known and detectable by

traditional culture-dependent methods or molecular methods such as PCR or q-RT-PCR, it

becomes necessary to explore the entire microbial population of soils in order to understand the

community determinants of aggressive infections, disease resistance and crop/forest yields.

Thus, plants cannot be considered as self-contained, isolated organisms, since plant fitness is a

consequence of the plant per se and its associated microbiota. Therefore, a more holistic

conception should include plant-microorganisms, microbe-microbe and environment-microbes-

plant interactions. For that purpose, multifocus studies should be developed, including

edaphological and geographical information (GIS), and metagenomics (NGS) and metabolomics

(physiological) data. These studies are in the cutting-edge of scientific, environmental and

industrial studies and need multidisciplinary minds to put together all the information layers. In

this context, technical experts should be familiarized with robust statistical analyses and with

network-science tools that are necessary to extract conclusions from holistic studies.

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SESSION I

FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND SUCCESSION FOLLOWING STAND DEVELOPMENT IN Pinus patula PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

Tatek Dejene

POSSIBLE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE BIOTIC AGENTS IN THE FOREST DECLINE OF MARITIME PINE STANDS IN MADRID

Sara García Garrido

ENDEMIC TREES EXTINCTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE – BRAZIL

Susana Dreveck

INTER AND INTRA SPECIES VARIATION ON MEXICAN PINES GROWN UNDER TWO WATERING REGIMES

Andrés Flores García

FARMERS’ PREFERENCES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS OF AGROFORESTRY FOOD RESOURCES IN NIGER

Dolores Agúndez

IMPACTS OF THE INVASION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN DEGRADED LANDS OF NORTH INDIA

Ishan Kanungo

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FUNGAL DIVERSITY AND SUCCESSION FOLLOWING STAND DEVELOPMENT IN Pinus patula PLANTATIONS IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

Dejene, T.1, Oria-de-Rueda, J.A.1, Martín-Pinto, P.1

1 Fire and Applied Mycology Laboratory. Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. University of Valladolid (Palencia). Avda. Madrid 44, 34071. Palencia, Spain.


Pinus trees are able to form associations with fungal species that have both ecological and

economic benefits. The present study examined the macrofungal succession and corresponding

sporocarp production in Pinus patula stands in Ethiopia. Fungal taxa composition was also

explained based on edaphic variables of the study area. For this purpose, we surveyed nine

permanent plots (100 m2) established in five-, eleven-, and thirty-six years old P. patula

plantations and estimated fungal taxa richness, diversity, and sporocarp yields. Composite soil

samples were also collected from each plot to determine explanatory edaphic variables for fungal

taxa compositions. We found a total of 53 fungal taxa belonging to Basidiomycota, with the

exception of Xylaria hypoxylon which is Ascomycota. The majority of the collected taxa were

saprophytic and only 6% were ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM). About 36% of the taxa were

classified as edible. Taxa richness, the Shannon diversity, and sporocarp yields showed

significant increasing trends towards the more mature P. patula stands. Fungal community

composition was also correlated significantly with N, K, and pH. This study extends our

knowledge on fungal diversity and community structure in managed P. patula plantations. Higher

diversity and sporocarp production was found in older stands. Thus, the deliberate presence of

mature trees in Pinus stands could provide incentives for the production and conservation of

important fungal species in the study area.

Keywords: fungal community, succession, sporocarps, stand age, Pinus.

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POSSIBLE INCIDENCE OF DAMAGE BIOTIC AGENTS IN THE FOREST DECLINE OF MARITIME PINE STANDS IN MADRID

García-Garrido, S.1, Raposo, R.1,2

1 INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

2 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Universidad de Valladolid & INIA, Palencia, Spain.


Climate change can lead to an increase to vulnerability some species. Thus, it is necessary to

study like both abiotic and biotic factors can cause forest decline. The main objective of this work

was to develop a better understanding of the influence to biotic agents in the process of decline to

Pinus pinaster Ait., especially the impact of fungal pathogens. Maritime pine is one of the most

important forest species in the Iberian Peninsula taking into account both the protection it

provides and the timber it produces. It is also the main conifer species in Spain in terms of area

covered. In this study, the plots have 10 meters in Madrid (Spain), they were included three

categories: decay trees whit less of 50% to foliage, healthy trees whit more of 50% to foliage and

dead trees. In every plot, we were described health condition to forest stand and forest

mensuration of trees individually. Also, we were measured foliage discoloration, size of the

needles, fructification, damage agents and premature tree death. We have taken samples with

symptoms of decay and without symptoms. Specifically, we were analyzed branches to detect

defoliator agents, we were described the symptoms of cankers and we were sampled cores to

root and neck region of trees. In the laboratory, we will isolate the fungi through growing medium

and finally we will indentify for their morphological identification of identification with molecular

analysis.

Keywords: biotic agents, pathogens, decay, cores, growing medium.

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ENDEMIC TREES EXTINCTION RISK ASSESSMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO STATE - BRAZIL

Dreveck, S., Messina, T., Moraes, L., Martins, E., Martinelli, G.

CNCFlora – The Brazilian National Centre for Flora Conservation.


Brazil has the largest number of plant species in the world (46,097) with one new species being

described every two days. CNCFlora is responsible, at the national level, for the assessing the

conservation status of the Brazilian flora and developing recovery plants for species threatened

with extinction. CNCFlora is the Red List Authority for plants in Brazil and adopts the standards

and procedures recommended by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

According to the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2015) the country has 8,200 native tree

species, mainly concentrated in the Amazon and the Atlantic Rainforest, from which 4,000 are

endemic of Brazil. Tudge (2005) estimates 60,000 tree species in the world and using this

estimate as a basis, the number of endemic Brazilian tree species accounts for 6.6% of the

world’s tree flora. Amongst the 79 families of Brazilian assessed endemic trees, Myrtaceae and

Fabaceae alone represent 29% of the total number of species. CNCFlora has so far, assessed

999 tree species (25%) of the total number of Brazilian endemic trees. Rio de Janeiro is the fourth

smallest state of Brazil, with an area of 43.778Km² (IBGE, 2015), but holds almost 8.000

angiosperm species, with 1.109 endemics (List of Species of the Brazilian Flora, 2015). It also

has many incident threats such as soil use and transformation, exotic species invasion, tourism

and fire. The construction of accommodation places such as Hotels, sports complex, roads, etc,

cause habitat suppression and habitat quality loss, among many other damages towards flora

species. The 182 endemic tree species of Rio de Janeiro state are distributed in 41 families,

being the most representative ones: Myrtaceae with 51 spp. (28%), Melastomataceae with 23

spp. (13%) and Fabaceae with 19 spp. (10%). The remaining 38 families add up to 49% of the

total number of species. From all endemic tree species of Rio de Janeiro state assessed (182

spp.), 19% (34 spp.) were categorized as “Critically endangered” (CR); 32% (59 spp.) as

“Endangered”(EN); 6% (11 spp.) as “Vulnerable” (VU), 1% (1 sp.) as “Near Threatened” (NT) and

42% (77 spp.) as “Data deficient” (DD). An interesting result was that 50% of the threatened

species occur in the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, areas of high endemism and

conservation interest. Furthermore it is an area that has the constant threat of fire because the

dry climate and high altitude field area associated with the high temperatures end up providing

this type of threat. The scenario of tree species in the state of Rio de Janeiro is alarming. Just

Calyptranthes aromatica species was categorized as Near Threatened. This demonstrates how

urgent and necessary are researches in ecology population and community of these species.

Futhermore it is essential the support of institutes, universities and government through strict laws

to protect these species and supervision so that these species can be conserved and in the future

they could be less threatened. Efforts to conserve tree species should not end after the red listing

of them, being necessary actions planning, identification of priority areas for conservation and

strategies to halt biodiversity loss.

Keywords: atlantic rainforest, CNCFlora, IUCN, red list, threatened.

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INTER AND INTRA SPECIES VARIATION ON MEXICAN PINES GROWN UNDER TWO WATERING REGIMES

Flores-García, A.1,2, Alia, R.1,2

1 Institute of Sustainable Forest Management, UVa, Valladolid, Spain.

2 Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Center of Forest Research, INIA, Madrid, Spain.


The genus Pinus is very important in Mexico due to economic and ecologic aspects, with more

than 30 species. The genus is widely used in reforestation and soil conservation programs, but

also due to the high diversity of species, and the effect of agricultural and livestock activities we

need to promote genetic resource conservation programs. The species and populations greatly

differ in growth, and drought, frost and fire resistance. Therefore, to assist in restoration and

conservation programs, we were interested to characterize one-year old seedling from 4 different

species and 19 populations grown in greenhouse under different watering regimes (100-90% and

45-35 % of field capacity). We measured survival, growth, height and biomass at the final of the

experiment. The analysis showed the importance of watering among species, and a lower

influence of inter population variation for some of the species. The results will let to identify those

populations be able to resist greater environmental stress due to climatic change. The

populations will be suggesting using in the conservation and breeding genetic programs.

Keywords: genetic diversity, drought-tolerance, hydric stress, genetic conservation, Pinus.

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FARMERS’ PREFERENCES FOR CONSERVATION AND BREEDING PROGRAMS OF AGROFORESTRY FOOD RESOURCES IN NIGER

Agúndez, D.1,2, Sitou, L.3, Mahamane, A.4, Alía, R.1,2, Soliño, M.1,2

1 National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Research Centre (CIFOR). Ctra de La Coruña km. 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

2 iuFOR, Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid & INIA.

3 Université Dan Dicko Dankoulodo de Maradi, Niger.

4 Université de Diffa, Niger.


Food security and adequate nutrition allow populations to take advantage of both their own

potential and development opportunities. In a less-favored area such as the Sahel, specifically

Niger, promoting the sustainable management, breeding, and conservation of the agroforestry

resources would result in increased production from the system and the recovery of food

resources. We have conducted an analysis of participation by local communities in conservation

and breeding programs for their agroforestry systems, more specifically regarding the trees that

are present in those systems. The assessment, through a contingent ranking, has allowed us to

estimate the preferences and the values given by the rural population to the attributes that would

be comprised in a program designed to increase the food security of the rural population. The

resulting preferred scenario or program is Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) based

on the species Adansonia digitata (Baobab), with plantation, stone bunds or tassa, and selected

or bred seeds. The main effects of the program, according to the surveyed population, include an

increase in crop production and soil conservation and increased income from tree products. This

study has allowed us to identify the program that would provide the greatest well-being for

farmers, since it would allow them to simultaneously increase both the production of their crops

and the production of a woody food species such as the Baobab, and it would allow an increase

in income from derived products. Farmers want to improve their production system and are willing

to invest sustainable effort for a minimum of 5 years, or even indefinitely.

Keywords: choice modeling, ranking, tree, NWFP, Africa.

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IMPACTS OF THE INVASION OF PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ON SOIL CHARACTERISTICS IN DEGRADED LANDS OF NORTH INDIA

Kanungo, I., Verma, P.

Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India – 248006.


Land degradation remains a pertinent challenge in several regions of the world and severely

impacts the productivity, ecosystem functioning and livelihoods of people. This study presents an

assessment of the impacts of invasion by Prosopis juliflora on the soil in the degraded lands

around the Ganges basin close to Varanasi in Northern India. The study focused on the analysis

of key sustainability indicators in the soil physio-chemical and biological traits such as moisture

content, bulk density, Water holding capacity, soil organic matter, Available phosphorous,

nitrogen, microbial biomass and soil dehydrogenases. The results show that there is a significant

increase in several of these parameters in areas where the species is present as compared to its

absence. This could be important for soil fertility amelioration and afforestation projects in

denuded soils. The species also has a great economic value for resource utilization in terms of

fodder, biomass and food for animal consumption and by local populations which are discussed

here. Unlike some parts of the world where the species has been the introduced, the potential

benefits of this species have not been fully recognized by the local populations in the study area.

Increasing public perception towards this resource will increase its utilization and provide

economic benefits to the rural populations that inhabit these areas.

Keywords: land degradation, alien invasive species, organic matter, nitrogen fixation,

afforestation.

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SESSION II

INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON

Peter Bufeh

NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE PROPAGATION OF NOISE CAUSE BY RAILWAY TO THE SURROUNDING AREAS

Tran Thi Le Hang

STUDY OF BLACK CARBON CONTENT IN BIOCHAR OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS

Marina Getino Álvarez

RESEARCH ON PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT THE COC LAKE PROTECTED FOREST IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE (VIET

NAM) Nguyen Thi Dong

DOES THE OVERSTORY COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON NATURAL

REGENERATION? THE CASE OF MIXED STONE PINE AND MARITIME PINE FOREST

Marta Vergarechea

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INTEGRATING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION INTO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY: A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON

Bufeh, P., Justin Eyebe, A., Eyebe Simon, A., Angu Angu, K., Endamana, D.

Institute of Agronomy, University of Lisbon Edificio Mario de Azevedo Gomes, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017, Lisboa – Potugal.


With a total size of about 475 440 km2, Cameroon is part of the Congo Basin and harbors a wide

range of biological resources. It is the fourth most bio-diverse country in Africa after the

Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Madagascar (UNDP et al 2001). Unfortunately,

many species are either threatened, endangered or at the brink of extinction including flagship

species such as gorillas and chimpanzees. There are a number of drivers of biodiversity loss in

Cameroon including unsustainable resource exploitation (e.g. slash-and-burn agriculture,

poaching of large mammals); an economic system that is reliant on natural resources; land use

changes (forest conversion); among others. Indirect drivers are linked to economic, social and

cultural factors (e.g. increasing demographic pressures and urbanization, poverty) and to weak

institutional responses resulting from a lack of financial resources to enable progress on issues,

including the establishment of indicators for sustainably managing biodiversity and mechanisms

to mitigate or combat biodiversity loss. As a result of the rapid rate of biodiversity loss, the need

for biodiversity conservation has been highlighted in State forestry and legislative policy – in

particular the current forestry law (1994) and its 1995 Implementation Decree. Apart from

elaborating on the drivers of biodiversity loss, this report reviews the extent to which biodiversity

conservation has been integrated into national development policy – and vice versa – and draws

conclusions as to whether this has enhanced the implementation of key biodiversity conservation

objectives and commitments.

Keywords: biodiversity, ecosystems, policy, conservation, resources.

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NEW APPROACH TO STUDY THE PROPAGATION OF NOISE CAUSE BY RAILWAY TO THE SURROUNDING AREAS

Tran, H., Vu, M., Pham, N.

VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam.


This paper presents results of research on the use of GIS and prediction models in railway noise

propagation to assess the impact of noise to the residential sector in the area of the railway

passing through the provincial / city Hanoi, Ha Nam, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh and Vinh. Results of

measurement at 22 railway segments show equivalent noise level according to characteristics A

in 15 minutes (LAeq, 15min) exceeded the Vietnamese standard TCVN 5949-1998. Simplify the

measurement results by combining all adjacent segments which have the similar noise level

LAeq, 15min (difference <1dB) result in 11 new segments and they were considered as 11 line

sources of noise. GIS analysis was conducted to calculate the noise propagation. Resulted noise

maps show that the closer distance to railroads, the greater the noise level is. At a distance of

shorter of equal to 180m the noise level exceeds TCVN 5949-1998 at every segment. Regions

which are most affected by noise caused by railway are Quynh Luu (Nghe An) and Tinh Gia

(Thanh Hoa), where the noise level exceeds Vietnamese standards at distances up to 300m. The

paper also recommend to find and plant appropriate tree band along the railways to prevent the

noise propagation to the residential areas.

Keywords: noise; railway; distance, GIS.

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STUDY OF BLACK CARBON CONTENT IN BIOCHAR OBTAINED BY DIFFERENT PYROLYSIS CONDITIONS

Getino, M.1,2, Lafuente, F.1, Glaser, B.3, Turrión, M.B.1,2

1 Dpto. de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIIAA de Palencia, Universidad de Valladolid, España.

2 Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible. UVa /INIA, España.

3 Soil Biogeochemistry Department, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.


Biochar is a solid material obtained by biomass pyrolysis in an oxygen-limited environment. It is

used for soil improvement. Biochar's C content must be higher than 50% of the dry mass. Biochar

carbon is made up of easily degradable organic carbon compounds and very stable, aromatic C

structures, black carbon (BC) (Schmidt et al. 2012). According to European Biochar Certificate

the BC content of biochars should represent 10 - 40% of the overall C. The aim of this study was

to determine which pyrolysis treatment (temperature and time) gives better results on Black

Carbon content from different vegetal residues. As well as, determine which treatment carried out

under laboratory conditions produces biochar from vines canes with similar Black Carbon content

to the one performed in field (traditional procedure). Four vegetal materials (vine canes, pruning

residues of pine and holm oak, and corn cobs) were pyrolyzed in a N2 atmosphere under four

treatments: 400°C, 500°C, 600°C during 1h and 500°C during 4h. Also, biochar from vine canes

was obtained in field by incomplete combustion or charring, based on a traditional way to obtain

the so called “cisco” of holm oak, used as combustible for braziers. BC content in all biochar

samples was determined by Glaser (1998) methodology which measures benzene carboxylic

acids as indicators of BC, using gas chromatography and flame ionization detection. Total organic

Carbon (TOC) and total Nitrogen (N) were determined by elemental autoanalyzer in biochar

samples. The study reveals that biochars obtained in lab and field complied with the

specifications of C and BC contents of the European Biochar Certificate. The treatment of 600ºC

1h showed the highest BC concentrations in biochar and also referred to TOC, but for the pine

residues. The vine canes biochar obtained at 600ºC 1h showed similar characteristics to the one

obtained by field traditional methodology.

Keywords: biochar, black carbon, soil improvement, pyrolysis.

18



RESEARCH ON PAYMENT FOR FOREST ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES AT THE COC LAKE PROTECTED FOREST IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE (VIET

NAM)

Nguyen, D., Bravo, F.

Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute – University of Valladolid –INIA.


The Coc Lake protected forest in Thai Nguyen province, Viet Nam with 3,453 ha area has

important roles such as soil conservation, erosion control, water sources protection, climate

regulation and maintaining ecosystem balance. However, the forest has been degrading because

of lacking financial resources and conflicts of interest between the parties involved. This research

aimed at establishing new financial mechanism which would contribute to Coc Lake protection.

The estimated payment of forest environmental services at the Coc Lake was 512,832 $/year, of

which payment for landscape and carbon absorption services were 88,195 $/year and 424,637

$/year, respectively. Research provided a payment mechanism for forest environmental services,

an amount of money which people could receive for participating in the forest protection at 171.30

$/ha/year. The bigger amount came from carbon absorbing service, landscape services was only

about 29.46 $/ha/year. If there was only landscape service valuation, it could have been difficult

attracting local people to participate in forest protection because this payment level was lower

than the payment level of the 661 afforestation program of government. With this model, the

intermediate cost was about 15% but it ensured transparency in financial management.

Keywords: landscape service, carbon absorbing service, PES, forest protection.

19



DOES THE OVERSTORY COMPOSITION INFLUENCE ON NATURAL REGENERATION? THE CASE OF MIXED STONE PINE AND MARITIME PINE

FOREST

Vergarechea, M.1, Del Río, M.1, Gordo, F. J.2, Cubero, D.2, Martín, R.2, Calama, R.1

1 Department of Silviculture and Forest Systems Management, INI-CIFOR, 28040, Madrid, Spain

2 Junta Castilla & León, Servicio Territorial de Medio Ambiente, 47001, Valladolid, Spain


Mixing of complementary tree species, such as those formed by stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and

maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) can be used to mitigate the damage inflicted by climate change,

whose influence is having an important impact on Mediterranean forests. Long-term stability of

mixed stands depends largely on the potential effect that different species have on natural

regeneration dynamics. The analysis of the spatial variability in natural regeneration in function of

different drivers - such as overstory is crucial for improving the knowledge of the dynamics of

mixed Mediterranean forests. For this study, we have used 1936 plots of 0.02 ha established in a

mixed forest of stone pine and maritime pine in the Northern Plateau of Spain. Plots were

installed immediately following shelterwood cuttings, and the establishment and survivalof

seedlings and saplings was annually monitored from 2005 to 2015. Natural regeneration of each

species was classified into four different categories (C1, C2, C3 and C4); C4 being the most

viable and durable, and C1 the least. Our findings show that it exist an important problem as far

as natural regeneration is concerned, especially in P.pinaster natural regeneration, as 17% of the

plots have never showed natural regeneration (79% where we observed plots without P.pinaster

natural regeneration). Spatial variability was greater in both species for the C1 and C2 categories,

those less viable, than for the C3 and C4 categories. Besides, it’s observed a strong association

between the natural regeneration and the presence of conspecific adult tree, being more

important this association in P.pinaster that in P.pinea. To be able to determinate the spatial

variability is essential to develop future studies that analyze patterns of establishment and

survival of natural regeneration in mixed forest, which are needed to develop appropriate

management strategies.

Keywords: natural regeneration, mixed forest, Pinus pinea, Pinus pinaster.

20



TRANSVERSAL TALK

CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF FOREST SYSTEMS. WHAT NEXT?

Rodríguez-García, E.1, Sanz-Ros, A.V.1,2

1 iuFor: Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible. UVa-INIA. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías Agrarias. Universidad de Valladolid. Avenida de

Valladolid. 30004. Palencia. 2 Centro de Sanidad Forestal de Calabazanos (JCyL)- Asistencia Técnica TRAGSA.

Polígono Industrial de Villamueriel, sn. 34190. Villamueriel de Cerrato. Palencia.


Although, paradoxically, there are many offers to apply for a doctorate and get engaged in

science and research, finishing a Ph.D. or postdoc and moving on to a research-faculty position is

no longer the norm for scientists. In many countries and especially in the last decade, science

and engineering doctorate recipients working in academe have dropped, including staff scientists,

research and teaching faculty. There is a bottleneck (still growing) of highly qualified and talented

trainees and professionals ready for the job market but with very limited possibilities in “the

traditional science career path” due to the few available positions and the savage competition.

Fortunately, there are a large number of options in nontraditional paths and outside academe,

including the creation of Start-ups, Technological based and services companies, etc., which may

host part of this stock of highly qualified professionals. First of all, the skills that Ph.D students

and postdocs need to master to compete successfully for research positions, both within and

outside academe, must be evaluated. Some of the skills focus on innovative, interdisciplinary and

collaborative science coupled with the specific tools and techniques within each research

discipline; while others are related to “transferable” skills such as leadership, management and

communication. Then, we have to take into account the individual interests and the adaptation of

each person for each career path. For this issue is remarkable the proposal of Jennifer Hobin et

al. (Science, 2012) of analyzing individual characteristics to develop and implement strategies to

pursue career-specific goals, which may help to find a suitable job. For this purpose they have

designed a tool for the creation of an Individual Development Plan (IDP) using myIDP, a Web-

based career-planning tool created to help graduate students and postdocs in the sciences to

define and pursue their career goals. According to these authors, the observed trend is that

people who develop and implement strategies to pursue career-specific goals achieve greater

career success as measured by salary, promotions, and level of responsibility. They also report

that these people have greater career satisfaction and rate themselves as more successful than

their peers compared to those without career plans. In the same way, doctorate and postdoctoral

researchers who developed training plans with their advisers at the start of their appointments

reported greater satisfaction, published more papers, and experienced fewer conflicts with those

advisers.

21



Keywords: career planning; research; science; skills; strategy.

SESSION II

MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MICRO-WATERSHEDS IN ACHUPALLAS PARISH, SANGAY NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR USING GIS TECHNIQUES

Diego Armando Damián Carrión


Jaime Hermoso Blanco

COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES IN RELATION TO VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF A TROPICAL WET

EVERGREEN FOREST IN BANGLADESH Abdullah-Al Mamun

QUANTIFICATION OF B. edulis EXTRARADICAL MYCELIUM IN THE SOIL

UNDER DIFFERENT C. ladanifer MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS Olaya Mediavilla

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRADITIONAL

VARIETIES OF CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa mill.) IN VALLE DEL JERTE, VALLE DEL AMBROZ, LA VERA AND VALENCIA DE ALCÁNTARA REGIONS

Javier Dorado Reyes

22



MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MICRO-WATERSHEDS IN ACHUPALLAS PARISH, SANGAY NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR USING GIS TECHNIQUES

Damián-Carríón, D.1, 2, Rodríguez-Llerena, M.1, Santillan-Lima, P.1, Recalde Moreno, C.1,2

1 National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador. 2 Polytechnic School of Chimborazo, Ecuador.


The research objective was to prioritizing the micro-watersheds based on morphometric

characteristics using GIS techniques in Achupallas parish, Sangay National Park, Ecuador. Four

micro-watersheds were defined: Zula, Ozogoche, Jubal and Pulpito. The morphometric

parameters were classified as geometric, relief and drainage they have been determined for each

micro-watershed. The relief parameters and hypsometric curves of Zula, Jubal and Pulpito micro-

watersheds have defined mountainous areas with high altitudinal gradient and rivers in continue

erosion. While hypsometric curve of Ozogoche micro-watershed indicates that its territory is

formed by less high mountains and vast plains, also this micro-watershed is characterized by the

presence of lagoons and marshes. The shape parameters also reveal the elongation of Jubal and

Pulpito micro-watersheds and the almost circular shapes are the Zula and Ozogoche micro-

watersheds. Jubal and Pulpito micro-watersheds will have flows flood longer lasting but smaller

peak flows compared to Zula and Ozogoche micro-watersheds present higher risk of flood by the

most pronounced peak flows. In general the morphometric characteristics not increase rather

attenuate the effects and vigor of floods. Only the circular shape of Zula and Ozogoche micro-

watersheds can increase the flood risk.

Keywords: floods, GIS, hypsometric curve, micro-watersheds high Andean, morphometric

analysis.

23




Hermoso, J., Otaño-Lloree, A., Pando, V., Sierra de Grado, R

Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources. University of Valladolid.


Plant rooting is one of the most critical phases of in vitro culture. The way to apply rooting

hormones and their dose is key to success. We compared two forms of application of

indolebutyric acid (IBA) to the in vitro rooting of Populus tremula L.: previous immersion of the

explant in IBA solution and IBA dissolved in the medium, with two different immersion times and

two IBA concentration and immersion time to the rooting of Populus tremula L. Four clones

explants were evaluated. For that, six media were used: rooting in media without hormones,

rooting in media with 0.5 mg/l IBA concentration, immersion in a 0.5 mg/l solution for 5 and 15

seconds and immersion in a 0.1 mg/l solution for 5 and 15 seconds. All the aerial and submerged

roots were measured, as well as the length of the largest root, stem length, number of leaves and

presence of callus, contamination and necrosis in the in vitro phase for seven weeks and three

times during ex vitro phase. From the results obtained, we concluded that the best treatment is

the immersion of the explants in a solution with a concentration 1mg/l IBA for 15 seconds,

followed rooting in a medium without hormones.

Keywords: IBA, phytohormones, in vitro culture, aspen.

24



COMPOSITION, DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF WOODY SPECIES IN RELATION TO VERTICAL STRATIFICATION OF A TROPICAL WET

EVERGREEN FOREST IN BANGLADESH

Feroz, S. M., Mamun, A. A.1, Kabir, M. E.

1 Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, School of Life Science, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh.


The composition, diversity and spatial distribution pattern of woody species were analyzed along

the vertical profile of a tropical wet evergreen forest in Bangladesh. The forest stand consisted of

five vertical strata. The species composition was moderately similar among the strata, while the

highest degree of similarity was between fourth and bottom strata. Bursera serrata Wall. ex

Colebr. was the most dominant species, and may be typically climax species together with

Microcos paniculata L. ex W & A. and Maesa ramentaca (Roxb). A. DC in terms of their high

importance values. Species–area relationships depict compositional instability of the present

forest, because expected maximum numbers of species (165) were four times higher than the

recorded numbers of species (40) for the total stand. Smaller species richness in the upper strata

was compensated by greater species evenness (Pielou’s index J′); resulting in almost constant

Shannon’s index H′ across the strata. It indicates each stratum may have the same role in

maintaining high woody species diversity. The rate of equality of individuals among the different

species decreased with increasing species richness due to decrease of J′ from the top stratum

downward. The distribution pattern of the entire stand was greatly influenced by the aggregated

distribution of the majority of the juveniles those mainly appeared in the bottom stratum. However,

vertical strata shared a mixed distribution pattern of random and aggregate which followed from

the upper strata to downward. This type of distribution pattern for stratified stand is probably

consistent in tropical forests.

Keywords: biodiversity, distribution pattern, m–w diagram, similarity index, species dominance

25



QUANTIFICATION OF B. edulis EXTRARADICAL MYCELIUM IN THE SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT C. ladanifer MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS

Mediavilla, O.1, Hernández-Rodríguez, M.1, Olaizola, J.2, Santos-del-Blanco, L.2, Oria-de-Rueda, J.A.1, Martín-Pinto, P.1

1 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. University of Valladolid-INIA.

2 IDForest-Biotecnología Forestal Aplicada.


Cistus ladanifer scrublands host an extraordinary production of highly demanded edible fungi.

Among those, the species belonging to the genus Boletus have the greatest interest in these

otherwise non-productive ecosystem. Regarding Boletus edulis Bull., previous research has

found that its fructification, quite variable among years, depends on several factors like the age of

the stand, its density and climatic factors. There is nonetheless important missing information on

the life cycle of this species, like the seasonal dynamics of B. edulis mycelium on the soil.

Consequently, in this study we wondered about whether different management options could

enhance the presence of Boletus edulis mycelium in the soil and thus, the production of

mushrooms. The treatments consisted of different levels of fuel reduction: 50% clearing, total

clearing and no clearing (control), established in scrublands of different age and origin. Soil

samples were taken at three different times: at the end of the sporocarp fruiting season

(December), in April and in July. DNA extractions were performed with the PowerSoil® DNA

Isolation Kit and B. edulis DNA was amplified by real-time PCR using specific primers and Taq-

man probes. Our results confirmed the widespread presence of B. edulis mycelium in the soil and

a significant influence of management and time over the quantities of B. edulis extraradical

mycelium in the soil. We found the amount of mycelium in the soil to be highest where no

clearing was done, although there were also significant concentrations in 50% clearing plots.

Total clearing plots displayed low concentrations of mycelium. Regarding seasonal dynamics, we

found that B. edulis mycelium was more abundant in December. Finally, we found that the

correlation between mycelium in the soil during the fruiting season and mushroom production was

higher than in either April or July. Based on these results, the most suitable management

practises to enhance B. edulis production and ecosystem conservation will be proposed.

Keywords: extraradical mycelium, real-time PCR, management of natural and cultivated populations, rural economic development, molecular biology.

26



IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE TRADITIONAL VARIETIES OF CHESTNUT (Castanea sativa mill.) IN VALLE DEL JERTE,

VALLE DEL AMBROZ, LA VERA AND VALENCIA DE ALCÁNTARA REGIONS

Dorado, J., Martín, M.A., Solla, A.

Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural. Universidad de Extremadura. Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 - Plasencia, España.


Agrobiodiversity is defined as biodiversity within farming and its reduction implicates the loss of

species or cultivated varieties. In Extremadura, Castanea sativa Mill. is considered an agro-

environmental species given that its maintenance produces goods such as fruit, wood, honey,

mushrooms and environmental values, which help to sustain rural population. Nevertheless, there

are serious threats over this species such as the abandonment of the crop due to its low

profitability, the introduction of foreign material without previous evaluation, or the replacement

and/or elimination of the traditional varieties. The objective of this project consists of the

description of chestnut genetic resources from Valle del Jerte, Valle del Ambroz, La Vera and

Valencia de Alcántara regions through the identification and characterisation of the traditional

varieties in these areas. One hundred grafted chestnut trees corresponding to 30 traditional

denominations have been analysed using qualitative morphological traits and simple sequence

repeat (SSRs) markers. The combination of these two types of markers has allowed us to identify

28 varieties, 22 of which are local varieties and six have proved to be interspecific hybrids

between C. sativa and C. crenata. Moreover, five cases of homonymies and two of synonymies

were detected. As a result, this project has stated that chestnut traditional systems in these areas

and its management favor a high level of genetic diversity and local distribution, and constitute on

farm conservation units.

Keywords: agrobiodiversity, microsatellite markers, morphological traits, traditional variety, on farm conservation.

27



SESSION IV

DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN DESERT LANDS USING SEWAGE WATER

Motaz Abdelaziz

ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND PLANTATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY FROM TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

Daniel Hagos Berhe

MANGROVE FOREST: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH

Ibne Wadud Abdullah

OLD-GROWTH PICEA ABIES STANDS ON THE TERRITORY OF OSMOLODA STATE FORESTRY ENTERPRISE

Andrii Khomiuk

IMPLEMENTING REDD+: EVALUATIONS OF OPTIONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES

Samson Osadolor

STAND CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH

Muha Abdullah Al Pavel

YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVARS AT SYLHET REGION

Sushmita Rani Saha

PREDICTING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST TREE SPECIES OF BANGLADESH: EVIDENCE FROM THREATENED Dysoxylum

binectariferum (ROXB.) HOOK.F. EX BEDD. (MELIACEAE) Md Ekramul Haque

STUDIES ON SEED BIOLOGY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF

DIPTEROCARPS IN CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS Babla Mohajan

IDENTIFYING FIRE SEASON IN THE MAIN FOREST REGIONS OF SYRIA

Siba Ghadban

28



DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY IN DESERT LANDS USING SEWAGE WATER

Abdelaziz, M.

Review by El kateb, Hany

Member of the Presidential Advisory Council of Scientists and Experts - Egypt Senior Scientist at the Technische Universitaet Muenchen


Egyptian Western Desert covers about 700,000 square kilometers and accounts for about two-

thirds of Egypt's land area. In the mid 1990s Egypt established the “National Programme for the

Safe Use of Treated Sewage Water (TWW) for Afforestation”. Within the framework of this

programme, a pilot project was conducted on over 4,000 hectares spread over the country to

determine the success/failure of afforestation using basic-treated sewage water. This case study

demonstrates the afforestation results at Ismailia “Serapium Forest”. The supporting scientific

work is carried out by highly qualified German and Egyptian scientists including: The Institute of

Silviculture, Technische Universität München (TUM); Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ain

Shams University; Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Alexandria;

These institutions aim to gain important scientific information and to attain achievements towards

the successful realization of the afforestation in Egypt. Officially, the Serapium Forest is 128.5 ha

large (305.8 feddans) and the planted parcels with “Tree Species” hold an area of 96.3 ha (229.3

feddans). “Non-tree Species” cover an area of 13.0 ha (30.8 feddans) and the “Uncultivated

Parcels” 19.2 ha (45.7 feddans). The area of four non-tree species being planted in parcels is 13

ha (30.8 feddans), (Agave sisalana, Bambus, Jatropha curcas, Simmondsia chinensis) and the

total area of 9 tree species is 128.5 ha (305.8 feddans) (Casuarina equisetifolia, Cupressus

sempervirens, Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus citriodora, Harpullia, Khaya grandifoliola, Khaya

senegalensis, Pinus halepensis, Terminalia arjuna). After determining the yield of some tree

species and investigating the feasibility of the afforestation in Egypt by using (TWW), its

environmental, social and economical impacts were concluded. It was estimated an internal rate

of return exceeding 12% by afforesting 1,000 ha of desert lands using 14 tree species of the

plantation forests (in Egypt) stating that it was relatively high. They estimate that each yield could

be attained approximately 4.5 times earlier than in Germany, the leading country in forestry in

Europe. Egypt currently allocates 6.7 billion m³ of sewage water annually. 5.5 billion m³ of this

sewage water is sufficient to afforest over 650,000 hectares of desert lands and store over 25

million tons of CO² annually in the new plantation forests. The results show that the Serapium

Forest plantation is a great proof of the ability of Egyptian institutions to establish man made

forests irrigated with (TWW) in the desert. The most promising types were Khaya senegalensis,

Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus citriodora.

Keywords: desert afforestation, treated waste water, Egyptian desert, serapium forest.

29



ASSESSMENT OF SEEDLING SURVIVAL AND PLANTATION SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY FROM TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE, ETHIOPIA

Berhe, D. H.1,2, Mamo, A. M.2, Haile, A.2, Biruk, B.2, Tesema, T.3, Tanga, A. A.3

1 Forestry Research Centre, University of Lisbon, Portugal.

2 Mekelle Environment and Forest Research Centre, Mekelle.

3 Ethiopian Environment and Forest Research Institute (EEFRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.


A study with the objective of assessing the survival of outplanted seedlings and the success of

plantations in the last five years was conducted in Tigray Regional state. The study was carried

out in 6 randomly selected Woreda to represent three agroecologies (two for Dega, two for Weina

Dega and two for Kola) and 2 randomly selected Kebele from 5 plantation sites. The study

contains both biophysical survey to assess the survival of seedlings and social survey to assess

the perception of the local community and experts the success of the plantation activity. The

study employed both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data was obtained from

field assessment and key informant interview, focus group discussion and expert filled

questionnaire while the secondary data was from report. Results of the study show that there

were variations in the survival of outplanted seedlings between plantation sites of the same

Kebele, between the Kebele of the same Woreda and between the Woreda. The regional mean

was 52% with high level of variation that ranged from 0 to 100% survival of outplanted seedlings.

Generally, the planting activity has failed and the reasons are lack of pre and post planting

management, moisture stress, poor soil and site condition, planting unmanageable number of

seedlings, weak law enforcement and lack of monitoring and evaluation mechanism. In the study

area, four types of ownership were identified; private, communal, state and youth group. Among

the ownership types, the private was the most successful while the communal was failed. For

successful plantation, watering, post and pre planting management of outplanted seedlings and

budgeting and permanent employment of guards were recommended.

Keyword: outplanting, pre and post management, ownership, monitoring, evaluation.

30



MANGROVE FOREST: SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT AND EXISTING SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE IN BANGLADESH

Saenger, P.1, Ibne Wadud, A.2

1 Centre for Coastal Management, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.

2 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Avda de Madrid, 34004, Palencia, Spain.


The Mangrove in Bangladesh is a deltaic mangrove forest called Sundarbans, formed about 7000

years ago by the deposition of sediments from the foothills of the Himalayas through the Ganges

river system, and is situated southwest of Bangladesh and south of West Bengal, India. The

management of the resources of the Sundarbans natural mangrove areas on a sustainable basis,

while protecting the high level of biodiversity with in the largest continues mangrove area in the

world, stretching for around 260 km along the Bay of Bangle from the Hooghly River Estuary,

India to the Meghna River Estuary in Bangladesh. Management of the Sundarbans has been

based on selective felling with particular felling cycle and minimal DBHs adjusted for each of the

main commercial species. The allowable annual cut is determined by ongoing forest inventories

to ensure harvesting is equal or lower than the growth and reproduction rate however despite the

adaptation of sustainable yield, some degradation of the mangroves is occurring, the primary

causes being human interference (e.g. Illegal harvesting and pollution) and change hydro-

edaphic conditions (e.g. erosion and accretion, increase soil salinity), although mangrove

ecosystems in Bangladesh have tremendous value for coastal communities, associated species

and both nature conservation and timber production.

Keywords: sundarbans, management plan, costal afforestation.

mailto:[email protected]

31



OLD-GROWTH PICEA ABIES STANDS ON THE TERRITORY OF OSMOLODA STATE FORESTRY ENTERPRISE

Khomiuk, A., Hsvryluk, S.

Ukrainian National Forestry University.


Rapid industrial development and accelerated scientific progress confronts new challenges for

mankind, e.g. rational use of natural resources, protection of environment, maintenance of forest

cover on sparsely wooded areas, etc. Forests in Ukraine have an important role in the economy

of country. However, environment is highly influenced with human activities nowadays,

particularly with prioritizing agriculture or urban development, and decreasing forest cover as

consequence. With this in mind, effective and close to nature use of existing forest stands should

be essential for implementation of forest management in country. Main goal of this study was to

obtain data about development of old-growth Norway spruce stands on the territory of Ukrainian

Carpathians within the Osmoloda State Forest Enterprise. It was conducted as collaboration

between Czech University of Life Sciences (Prague, Czech Republic) and Ukrainian National

Forestry University (Lviv, Ukraine). Field work was done within the territory around Velyka Syvulia

mountain. Whole area was divided into 2 x 2 ha squares. Central part (0,5 ha) of those squares

contained 3 randomly generated points, which were considered as possible centers of a sample

plot. FieldMap software was used for collecting main forest characteristic data and position of

trees. Further lab work analyzed forest structure and spatial distribution of trees within sample

plots. Results of this research led to conclusions, that: i) old-growth spruce forests within the

study area are statistically and morphologically heterogeneous; ii) stand is formed with at least

two storeys; iii) share of stand volume in second strorey can reach up to 33%; iv) according to

criteria and indices of horizontal stand structure, trees are evenly distributed. These outcomes

provide basic information about the development and structure of old-growth spruce stands.

Although, it’s yet too early to provide recommendations for changing spruce silviculture in the

country, findings should be used for further studies or possible monitoring of other old-growth

stands.

Keywords: Norway spruce, forest structure, spatial distribution, Ukrainian Carpathians.

32



IMPLEMENTING REDD+: EVALUATIONS OF OPTIONS FOR NATIONAL GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES

Osadolor, O. S., Vatn, A., Vedeld, P. O.

University of Lisbon.


REDD+ is seen by many as a low cost climate mitigation option. Hence, there is interest

in the North for paying the South to reduce deforestation with the aim of reducing carbon

emissions. This demands the establishment of institutions – both at the international and

national level – to generate and transfer the necessary financial resources in ways

realizing REDD+ activities. While the obligations for reductions of green-house gases will

be set in international negotiations, the national governance structures for REDD+ will

influence who will be involved in defining national responsibilities and how policies ‘on the

ground’ will be formed and implemented. This study analyses a set of generic options for

national REDD+ governance structures – i.e., (a) a market/ project based architecture; (b)

a system with national REDD+ funds outside existing national administrations; (c) a

national REDD+ fund organized under the present administration; and (d) conditional

budget support. The analysis is based on both input (process) legitimacy and output legitimacy,

which includes their effectiveness, efficiency and capacity to deliver on co-benefits. While a

solution with a market/project based structure has been favored by many, we conclude

that this is the most problematic alternative. Concerning the other three, the national/local

conditions will be of importance for their functioning. If REDD+ policies involve a large

part of a country’s forested area, establishing a good link to the general forest and other

sector policies will be necessary.

Keywords: REDD+, governance, legitimacy, markets, carbon credit.

33



STAND CHARACTERISTICS AND PATTERNS OF SPECIES DISTRIBUTION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEM OF BANGLADESH

Hossain, M.A.1, Pavel, M.A.A.1,2,3, Uddin, M.B.1, Harada, K.4

1Department of Forestry and Environment Science, School of Agriculture and Mineral Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.

2Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TeSAF), School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, Vialedell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.

3Research Institute of Sustainable Forest Management, University of Valladolid-INIA, Avda. de Madrid, 44 – 34004, Palencia, Spain.

4Department of Biosphere Resources Science, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.


Stand characteristics of tree species along environmental and disturbance gradients in the

different forest management ecosystem were examined. The study plot was divided into three

categories as Lawachara National Park (LNP), Reserve forest (RF) and forest boundary (FB).

Environmental and vegetation data were collected of 25 (radius=13m) circular sample plots in

total 75 plots from each forest management ecosystem by using random sampling; and 5

subplots were also chosen from (radius=1m) each plots. Canonical correspondence analysis

(CCA) was performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was also conducted. Result of

regression analysis found that FB is highly positive effect of environmental variables followed by

RF and LNP on species distribution. Result of CCA ordination method revealed that LNP was

influenced by organic matter (OM); RF was influenced by organic carbon (OC) and elevation (E);

and FB was influenced by pH, K and disturbance (D). The study showed strongly significant

differences of stand characteristics of tree species are influenced by variables in different forest

management ecosystems. Our study is recommended that identify the most important

environmental and disturbance variables that drive stand characteristics of tree species in the

different forest management ecosystems of Bangladesh as well as similar ecosystem areas.

Keywords: richness, disturbance, national park, reserve forest, CCA.

34



YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD OF OKRA AS INFLUENCED BY CULTIVARS AT SYLHET REGION

Saha, S. R., Islam, A. F. M. S., Hasan, M. M., Rob, M. M.

Sylhet Agricultural University.


An experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of Sylhet Agricultural University from May to

October 2013 comprising of 8 okra cultivars viz. BARI Dherosh-1 (control), Orka Onamika,

Bankim, Durga, JO (Japanese okra)-1, JO-2, JO-3 and JO-4. This study was intended to select

the superior okra cultivar(s) based on yield performance in acidic soil conditions. The experiment

was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and all the

cultivars were evaluated in relation to yield and yield attributes. Significant variations were

observed in almost all parameters. Results revealed that high yielding cultivars JO-3 and Bankim

produced largest fruits, however maximum number of fruits and fruit setting (%) were exhibited by

the latter. The cultivars JO-1 and JO-4 showed maximum fruit weight but JO-4 provided highest

fruit diameter. The cultivars Bankim followed by JO-3 & JO-4 were evaluated to be promising

cultivars at Sylhet regions considering overall performances regarding yield and yield attributes.

Keywords: lady's finger, flower production, yield performance, promising cultivars, acid soil.

35



PREDICTING IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST TREE SPECIES OF BANGLADESH: EVIDENCE FROM THREATENED Dysoxylum

binectariferum (ROXB.) HOOK.F. EX BEDD. (MELIACEAE)

Haque, E., Sohel, S.I., Akhter, S., Ullah, H., Rana, P.

Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet-3114, Bangladesh.


The impact of climate change on ecosystems, especially at the species level, can be currently

observed in many parts of the world. Species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used to

predict the likely changes in the distribution of species in future climate change scenarios. The

aim of the present study is to predict the effect of climate change on a valuable threatened tree

species Dysoxylum binectariferum in the northeastern part of Bangladesh using the maximum

entropy (MaxEnt) model on species’ occurrence data. The future distribution of D. binectariferum

was predicted under two scenarios from the IPCC 5th assessment (RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5) in

2050 and 2070. Model results showed that approximately 32% (2177 km2) of the studied area is

currently suitable for this species to grow. However, future predictions obtained by the model

projected a complete loss of suitable habitat for D. binectariferum in the studied area by both

2050 and 2070. Therefore, urgent measures are required for the conservation of D.

binectariferum in northeastern Bangladesh. The application of species distribution models to

simple inventory data (such as the occurrence of the species) may provide policymakers and

conservationists with a useful tool for the prediction of future distribution (at both local and

regional scales) of poorly known species with high preservation concerns.

Keywords: habitat distribution modeling, potential distribution areas, reintroduction, conservation.

36



STUDIES ON SEED BIOLOGY AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF DIPTEROCARPS IN CHITTAGONG UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

Mohajan, B., Hossain, M. K.

Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong- 4331, Bangladesh.

e- mail: [email protected] The study was conducted to assess the seed morphology, germination behavior and growth

performance of major dipterocarps (Dipterocarpus turbinatus, D. costatus, D. alatus, Anisoptera

scaphula, Shorea robusta and Hopea odorata) at Chittagong University campus. The fruit size,

wing length and breadth, nut length and breadth and weight differ from each other. Seed

orientation and sowing position significantly affect the germination and initial seedling growth

attributes among the species. D. turbinatus revealed highest germination percentage (91.7%),

germination speed (2.56), germination energy (42.31%), germination value (55.05) and seedling

vigor index (5967.83) in vertical half-buried position but mean germination time (14.27) and plant

percent (85%) was highest in horizontal full-buried position. Height and collar diameter of the

seedlings was not significant among the treatments. D. costatus showed highest germination

percentage (48.33%), germination speed (0.89), germination value (13.74) and plant percent

(38.33%) in vertical half-buried position but germination energy (17.50%) and seedling vigor index

(1949.50) was highest in vertical half-buried with wings position. A. scaphula revealed maximum

germination percentage (81.7%), germination speed (1.50), germination value (30.46) and

seedling vigor index (2198.89) in horizontal half-buried position but mean germination time

(11.38) and germination energy (30.69%) was highest in vertical full-buried and vertical half-

buried with wings position respectively. H. odorata revealed highest germination (93.3%),

germination value (83.33) and plant percent (83.3%) in horizontal full-buried position but

germination speed (1.81), germination energy (36.9%) and seedling vigor index (5683.4) was

highest in vertical half-buried position with wings. Maximum height (66.86 cm) and collar diameter

(9.8 mm) was found in vertical half-buried and vertical half-buried with wings position respectively.

The status of dipterocarp plantations in Chittagong University campus was also assessed. D.

turbinatus plantations volume/ha was highest (1040.5 m3) in 25 years plantation. In 14 years

mixed plantations, D. turbinatus show better growth than H. odorata, while 9 years old H. odorata

revealed better growth than D. turbinatus. 20 years old plantations attained highest dbh (18.97

cm) for H. odorata, followed by S. robusta (16.81 cm) and lowest dbh (15.49 cm) in D. turbinatus,

while maximum height was found in D. turbinatus (11.78 m) followed by H. odorata (11.74 m) and

minimum height in S. robusta (9.98 m). It is prevailed that in 3 years old plantation growth

performance of D. alatus was better than the Dipterocarpus turbinatus, D. costatus, Anisoptera

scaphula, Shorea robusta and Hopea odorata. Again in 3 month old plantation growth of D.

turbinatus was better than D. costatus, D. alatus, Anisoptera scaphula, Shorea robusta and

Hopea odorata. Therefore considering the early growth, timber value, available seeds sources

and all other aspects D. turbinatus and Hopea odorata may be recommended for large scale

plantation programs in the hilly areas of Chittagong University campus.

Keywords: dipterocarpaceae, seed morphology, seed sowing position, germination behavior,

growth performance.

37



IDENTIFYING FIRE SEASON IN THE MAIN FOREST REGIONS OF SYRIA

Ghadban, S., Ali, M.

Department of Forestry and Ecology – Faculty of Agriculture – Tishreen University – Lattakia – Syria.


Fire season and peak of fires varied from region to another (Lattakia province, al-Ghab, Hamah,

Edlib , and Tartous). Fire season in Lattakia province was a period of four months: July, August,

September, and October. Fire season peak in Lattakia was in October and September. Al-Ghab

fire season was a four-months period as in Lattakia, but the season started and ended earlier in

al-Ghab than in Lattakia. Fire season in al-Ghab was the duration of June, July, August and

September with a peak in July. A six-month fire season was observed in Hamah: May, June, July,

August, September, and October with a two months peak: June and July. In Edlib, fire season

consisted of two periods, the first and most sever period both in terms of fire occurrence and

spread was the months of June, July, August, and September, and the second and less severe

period was the months of May and October. Tartous fire season was a four months period: July,

August, September, and October with a peak in September and October. The majority of fires in

all regions occurred in the afternoons from noon to the hour of 18. The morning period (6-12)

came second to the afternoon period in terms of fire occurrence.

Keywords: fire season, season peak, peak of fires, duration, fire spread.

38



SESSION V

MIXED FORESTS MENSURATION: LOOKING FOR A TLS DATA EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY

Sara Uzquiano Pérez

CLIMATE-GROWTH ASSOCIATION OF Prosopis caldenia IN THE SEMIARID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS

Guillermo Jové

OPTIMISATION OF REGENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MORPHOGENIC CALLUS IN WHITE POPLAR (Populus alba l.) BY SIMPLE AND DOUBLE

REGENERATION TECHINIQUES Pablo Fernández Rodríguez

USING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (SECR) MODELLING

TO STUDY A FOSSORIAL RODENT Juan Romairone

PARAMETERS TO ASSESS A POOL AND WEIR FISH PASS AND HOW TO

MEASURE THEM: FIELD EXPERIENCES Jorge Valbuena Castro

HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY FROM MADI MUNICIPALITY

OF CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL Kharel Bikash

IN VIVO ANTAGONISM OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Fusarium

circinatum Raul Arcadio Fernández

39



MIXED FORESTS MENSURATION: LOOKING FOR A TLS DATA EXTRACTION METHODOLOGY

Uzquiano, S.1,2, Barbeito, I.3, Martínez, J.4, Riofrío, J.1,2, Bravo, F.1,2

1 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute UVa-INIA, Palencia, Spain.

2 Department of Plant Production and Forestry Resources of Agrarian School of the University of Valladolid.

3 National Institute of Agronomic Research – INRA-LERFoB Centre de Nancy – Lorraine. Champenoux (France).

4 Laboratory of Architectural Photogrammetry. School of Architecture. University of Valladolid.


Mixed forests are increasingly important due to its bigger productivity regarding pure forests.

Nevertheless this fact is barely tested with empirical data due the complexity of mixed forests.

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a device relatively recent applied in forest research

inventories, since it is able to provide us with the minimal error a view of the plots in 3D point

clouds. However, the extraction of each measure is time consuming and in many cases, difficult.

For this reason, is important to develop a methodology which speeds up the process so this tool

starts to be profitable in professional forest managements. In this study we have developed a

methodology combining several computer programs (Polyworks, CompuTree and Photoshop)

that allows us to obtain data in a semi-automatic manner and objectively in a mixed stand of

Pinus sylvestris and Quercus pyrenaica in northern Spain. Our data have been evaluated on 20

trees of each species adjusting basic predictive models of variable (Crown volume, Diameter at

Breast Height (DBH), Crown ratio, and height at largest crown width) and expanded models to

evaluate the effect of the mixture on the each dendrometric variables. The results show that

through the methodology followed can be obtained good estimates of dendrometric studied

variables (except the crown ratio) but not for the expanded models, possibly due to the small

number of data. In addition, DBH TLS data were compared with caliper data by doing a simple

linear regression, where non significance differences between them were found. Thanks to this

work we have become familiar with the programs used in the data processing, which will allowing

us to conduct future studies on this mixed stand and thus, deepen the understanding of the

growth dynamics of mixed forests.

Keywords: stand, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus pyrenaica, point clouds, inventories.

40



CLIMATE-GROWTH ASSOCIATION OF Prosopis caldenia IN THE SEMIARID ARGENTINEAN PAMPAS

Jové, G.1, Bogino, S.2, Bravo, F.1

1 Instituto Universitario de Gestión Forestal Sostenible UVa – INIA. Avda de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia

2 Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Argentina)


The caldenal is a xerophytic forest that shrives in the driest part of the Argentinean pampas

covering about 40 000 km2 mainly dominated by caldén (Prosopis caldenia Burkart Fabaceae)

trees one emblematic endemic species of the country history that today is threatened by

deforestation. Besides, global change adds the need of new information about its growth

dynamics and relationship with climate variables in order to predict its future behaviour. Standard

dendrochronological methods were applied on eighteen trees of caldén growing under two

contrasted densities, one without competition (about 1.6 trees•ha-1) and the other with a density

of about 414 trees•ha-1. Mean and cumulative radial growth curves were constructed. Growth

release throughout time and climate-growth association was analysed. Growth dynamic was

almost similar between both sampling sites. Growing rates -mean and cumulative radial growth-

were higher on the low-density stand (5.12 mm and 357 mm vs. 3.94 mm and 267 mm). Common

growth release during the fifties was detected in the low-density forest suggesting massive

deforestation. Trees from both stands were more vulnerable to temperature than to precipitation.

The Open-stand condition sometimes seemed to determine a different behaviour pattern on

climate-growth association. These results emphasize the value of dendroclimatic analysis in order

to improve the knowledge about tree-growth dynamics and its association with climate variables

under different growing conditions.

Keywords: dendrochronology; dendroclimatology; caldén; tree-ring; densities.

41



OPTIMISATION OF REGENERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF MORPHOGENIC CALLUS IN WHITE POPLAR (Populus alba l.) BY SIMPLE AND DOUBLE

REGENERATION TECHINIQUES

Fernández, P., Rugini E., Kuzminsky, E.

Università degli Studi della Tuscia


During my collaboration period in Viterbo, the main goal in the research was improving the

maintenance in callus of two genotypes of white poplar from distinct geographical location in Italy:

6K3 and 14P11, calculating the regeneration percentage in different conditions, altering the

composition of the medium to observe which explant type was the best to preserve it as well. 6K3

was located in North Italy in no saline conditions, finding it about 400 meters over the sea level,

meanwhile 14P11 was situated in South Italy, close to the sea. These two genotypes were tested

in light and dark conditions and four explant types were used: leaf, petiole, internode and

internode longitudinally cut in the half. Besides, to ensure the variables that affect directly to

regeneration, it was compared rooted and unrooted material. All this planning was check in fifteen

different medium. Each of these had a growth regulator and a specific quantity. The main outline

was cultured in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium modified adding in the first trial 0,1 mg/L of

TDZ (Thidiazuron) and in the second one 1 mg/L of Z (Zeatin). The results said that medium with

Z makes regeneration appears faster than in TDZ ones. Also, based on the percentage, there is

more regeneration in Z than in TDZ medium. We could check that there are 96% of regeneration

in 6K3 genotype, light conditions and internode cut in the half explants. Moreover, in both media

were observed first the regenerated explants in the light than in the dark but it kept longer alive in

the last one although they looked brownish. If we talk about explant types, internode and

internode cut in the half were the ones which have more regeneration percentage, in some case

more than 90% ensured. However, leaf explants were really difficult to regenerate but it appeared

unexpected roots from the leaves cultured. Comparing genotypes, it was observed that 6K3

genotype produces more regeneration than 14P11, particularly in the dark, they have produced

more roots too but they turned yellow meanwhile the 14P11 samples kept the green colour.

Keywords: in vitro culture, morphogenesis, explants, regeneration percentage, medium.

42



USING SPATIALLY EXPLICIT CAPTURE-RECAPTURE (SECR) MODELLING TO STUDY A FOSSORIAL RODENT

Romairone, J 1, Luque - Larena, J.J 1,2, Jiménez, J 3, Mougeot, F 3

1 Dpto. Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierías, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. De Madrid 44, 34004, Palencia, Spain

2 Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (www.research4forestry.org)

3 Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegeticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain


Spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) modelling is a powerful tool to study elusive animal

and estimate population density, but has not yet been applied to the study of fossorial rodents.

Using this methodology, we estimated key population parameters of common voles (Microtus

arvalis) in an experimental plot located in an agricultural landscape NW Spain. In June 2016, a

total of 139 common voles, 41(30%) males and 98 (70%) females were captured, marked with

individual transponders and released at the capture point. The trapping grid 2.5 ha (132m x

195m) consisted of 124 modified-Sherman traps with a nest provided with bedding material and

baited with apple and fodder. Trapping sessions lasted eight days during two consecutive weeks

and traps were checked twice a day. Spatially Explicit Capture-Recapture (SERC) modelling was

applied to the collected data in order to get estimates of common vole population size (N), density

(D) and movements parameters (σ). We estimated population size (Mean ± SD = 481 ± 83),

density (187 ± 32 /ha), movement parameters for females (5.5 ± 0.67) and males (10.1 ± 1.2) as

well as the number of males (88.0 ± 15.0) and females (393.1 ± 80.4) in the population. We show

that the results obtained by a simpler Capture-Mark-Recapture (CMR) method underestimated

density whereas SECR estimates were closer to reality. Our study demonstrates that SECR

modelling can be a very useful and innovative tool to precisely characterize and monitor

populations of fossorial rodents, such as the common vole. Interestingly, in early spring the

female population size was almost 4.5 times bigger than that of males, which were more mobile

than females (50%). We suggest that the difference in movements may be related to the starting

of the mating season where female decrease their movements due to breeding while the males

increase their movements searching for females to mate with.

Keywords: capture-mark-recapture, multinomial SERC, population size, movements, Microtus

arvalis.

43



PARAMETERS TO ASSESS A POOL AND WEIR FISH PASS AND HOW TO MEASURE THEM: FIELD EXPERIENCES

Valbuena-Castro, J.1,2

1 Ecohydraulic Applied Group (GEA), Agrofood Agricultural and Technological Centre (Itagra.ct) & University of Valladolid. Avda. Madrid, 44, Edificio A, 34004, Palencia (Spain).

2 Sustainable Forest Mangement Research Institute, UVa-INIA. Avda. Madrid, s/n, 34004, Palencia (Spain).


During thousands of years, all around the world, humans have built a wide range of obstacles on

the rivers with different purposes. These obstacles had a very negative impact for the fish fauna.

The most frequent option to minimize or even eliminate this negative impact are the fish passes

also known as fishways. Especially the ones called pool and weir fish passes. Pool and weir

passes let fish swim upstream and downstream over the obstacle whenever they need, enabling

their free movements along the river without any assistance. Fish passes had been built on a

large scale already. Now scientific and technical community is evaluating their functionality to

ensure they offer their maximum benefits. A whole assessment process starts with a hydraulic

study that identifies the most important problems of the device and how to solve them. The

evaluation should also include a biological study that provide us with information about the real

effectiveness of the structure. However, because of the complexity of the biological studies, in

most of situations biological procedures are not carried out and fish passes only are evaluated by

hydraulic criteria. In addition, these studies are developed following various methods and

attending to different parameters and variables creating confusion. This work aim to establish

how to assess all the pool and weir fish passes in the field with the minimum resources. To do

this, we explain which are and how to measure the most important design (connection between

pools and their dimensions, …) topographical (difference between cross-walls, …) and hydraulic

parameters (difference in water level between pools, water depth, ...). All these are necessary to

analyze the suitability of these structures for fish from a hydraulic point of view.

Keywords: fishway, evaluation, performance, functionality, river continuity.

44



HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICT: A CASE STUDY FROM MADI MUNICIPALITY OF CHITWAN DISTRICT, NEPAL

Kharel, B., Kandel, D., Bhattarai, B., Shrestha, P. B.

Research center: Kathmandu Forestry College, Tribhuvan University, Nepal


In one hand the habitat of Mega herbivores have been fragmented and degraded and in the other

this has resulted in a phenomenon called human elephant conflict. Therefore, frequent

encounters with humans, their crops and properties have caused human-elephant conflicts which

has negative effects on both elephant and the human. This study aimed at exploring the human-

elephant conflict in terms of crop damage, property damage, livestock depredation and human

casualties, conflict mitigation measures applied and the perception of local people towards the

elephant conservation. It studied. The study was conducted in 5 wards of Madi municipality,

Chitwan, Nepal. For this study household questionnaire surveys, key informants interview,

secondary data and analysis of the reported cases of damage between years 2009-2014 A.D.

was done. The study reveals that the 114 incidents of crop damage were reported during this

period. Among the crop damaged paddy was the most damaged crop. There was no direct

evidence of livestock depredation but elephants indirectly harmed the livestock by destroying their

sheds. Property damage (41.5%) was another reported damage in the study area. There were

human casualties causing 8 deaths of the local people in the study area. It was studied that

people used different mitigation measures for reducing human elephant conflict. Among those

mitigation measures community protection and Machan guard was highly practiced. Although the

most effective measure was the electric fencing less number of people in the study area used this

measure because of the unavailability of electricity and other economic constraints. In spite of the

severe cost the people are paying due to elephant conflict, the perception of majority of people

towards elephant and its conservation was positive.

Keywords: conflict, damage, mitigation, perception.

45



IN VIVO ANTAGONISM OF FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES AGAINST Fusarium circinatum

Fernández-González, R.A., Martínez-Álvarez, P., Diez Casero, J.J.

Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid – INIA, Avenida Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain.

Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Recursos Forestales, University of Valladolid, Avenida Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain.

e-mail: raularcadio.ferná[email protected], [email protected]

Pitch canker disease, which affects pines and is caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum,

cannot be effectively controlled at present. Current restrictions on the use of chemicals and

fungicides in forests are driving research into alternative methods of reducing the damage caused

by the pathogen. Biological control with fungal endophytes is a promising and environmentally

friendly strategy. In a previous study, 154 endophyte isolates were selected from a collection of

546 fungi tested in a preliminary confrontation assay. These isolates were then tested against F.

circinatum in an in vitro antagonism experiment. Four different types of indicators (length of the

central axis of the colony of the pathogen, the shape coefficient, percentage inhibition of radial

growth and percentage inhibition zone) were used to detect and quantify the antagonistic activity

directed towards the pathogen by the endophytes. The six isolates that showed the most

promising results were inoculated in the field, together with the pathogen, into seedlings of Pinus

radiata, P. sylvestris, P. pinaster, P. nigra and P. pinea, to test whether they could reduce the

damage caused by F. circinatum. In total, 138 endophytes displayed antagonistic activity towards

F. circinatum in the dual cultures of the in vitro experiment. In the field test, the endophytes

Chaetomium aureum and Alternaria sp. reduced the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)

for the P. radiata seedlings, indicating that they may therefore be suitable for use as biological

control agents (BCAs) of the disease.

Keywords: pitch canker disease, field test, inoculation, biological control agents.

46



SESSION VI

PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF COAST

N. Alejandra Estevez

APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE:

CASE STUDY OF MAAMORA FOREST Koffi Dodji Noumonvi

THE USE OF DIFFERENT BAITS TO ISOLATE Phytophthora FROM STREAM

ECOSYSTEMS Danilo Reis Gonçalves

GRAZING AS A FIRE PREVENTION TOOL IN A MEDITERRANEAN

CONSERVATION PROJECT WITHIN A MOSAIC-STRUCTURED FOREST LANDSCAPE

Alisa Reiss

POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MIXED FORESTS FUNGI FOR THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS

Ignacio Martín Andrés

WATER & FORESTS. A CONVENIENT RELATIONSHIP? Noelia López García

47



PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN THE GULF COAST

Estevez, N. A., Reque, J.

MEDFOR, University of Valladolid


Mangrove forests are among the most threatened and most delicate tropical ecosystems in the

world. Despite threats like development, overharvesting, climate change and other factors,

mangrove ecosystems contribute to improved fisheries, protect from coastal erosion and are a

significant source of raw materials for construction and other purposes. Unfortunately, these

benefits have long been undervalued and the rate of mangrove loss continues to be very high,

with an estimated 100,000 hectares globally per year. This brings us to the question – How can

the value of mangrove forests be recognized and what can make them be placed in priority within

protection policies and restoration goals? To date, there have been few studies that examine the

phytoremediation potential of mangroves. In an area like the Gulf Coast, where a majority of

mangrove species thrive and where seven out of the ten largest oil spills in U.S. history have

occurred, phytoremediation as well as other remediation techniques can be highly beneficial and

serve as an inexpensive in-situ contaminant filtration system. The application of this technique or

a combination of them can mean reducing biodiversity loss, food chain contamination and further

health risks. In one of the literature reviews, a pilot-scale experiment using species Rhizophora

Mangle L. is analyzed and it is hypothesized to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in

mangrove sediment. Results show that remediation was enhanced with the largest growth of

bacteria in its rhyzosphere. This implies that mangrove forests are highly valuable and must

become a priority of conservation and restoration efforts through policy. Although, the case

studies examined show positive results, there is room for further research in potential remediation

by other mangrove species and with other contaminants.

Keywords: mangroves, water remediation, coastal contamination treatment, oil spill

management, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH’s).

48



APPLICATION OF MULTICRITERIA SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR ASSESSING THE VULNERABILITY OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE:

CASE STUDY OF MAAMORA FOREST

Noumonvi, K. D., Mounir, F.

Ecole Nationale Forestière d’Ingénieurs (ENFI-Morocco)


Once completely covered with cork oak, half of Maamora forest has been reforested with other

species, mainly Acacia, Eucalyptus and Pine. This is the result of many management strategies

that have been called upon since 1951. The progressive conversion of the forest is happening

after many regeneration failures of the original species (cork oak) faced by forest managers in

many parts of the forest. We consider that climate change might have something to do with this.

Assuming that the consideration of the vulnerability of forest ecosystems to climate change would

help in future management strategies, this work considered 4 changing factors namely

biophysical, climatic, anthropogenic and silvicultural factors to assess the vulnerability. Each of

these factors has been mapped considering its individual components. The 4 groups of factors

have been weighted and integrated, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for the different

weights, to have the synthetic vulnerability of forest ecosystems to climate change initially in 2010

as reference and then in 2045 after projecting changing factors and considering the RCP

scenarios 4.5 (1) said optimistic and 8.5 (2) said pessimistic. The resulting vulnerability map

shows that the most continental forest ecosystems are the most vulnerable to climate change,

justifying why cork oak almost disappeared in the cantons D and E of the forest. This effect of

continentality is more noticed in the predicted vulnerability at the horizon 2045. It should be noted

that the synthetic vulnerability of no group of the forest is null. The groups with low vulnerability

accounted for 53% of the forest area in 2010 compared with only 11% in 2045 with the first

scenario. Every group would become moderately or highly vulnerable to climate change with the

second scenario in 2045.

Keywords: vulnerability, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), multi-criteria spatial analysis, climate

change.

49



THE USE OF DIFFERENT BAITS TO ISOLATE Phytophthora FROM STREAM ECOSYSTEMS

Gonçalves, D. R1., Balci, Y2

1 Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

2 University of Maryland, USA.


The aim of this work was to evaluate leaves of seven different forest species as baits to isolate

Phytophthora from a stream in College Park, MD, USA. Additionally to this, the infection capability

of Phytophthora in dried and fresh baits as well as the capability to grow in media containing the

fungicide hymexazol were evaluated. The experiment had two sample periods, one during the

summer and other during the autumn in 2012. Leaves of seven different species (Pinus strobus,

Tsuga canadensis, Ilex opaca, Rhododendron maximum, Quercus rubra, Acer rubrum and Ulmus

americana) were selected and collected in the campus of the University of Maryland at College

Park, USA. Four experiments trials were performed during the summer and four during the

autumn. Four leaves of each species were used as fresh baits and four as dried baits after being

dried in an oven (60°C for 24 hours). Once the baits were prepared, it was placed in a mesh bag

and submerged in a stream located in the campus and collected after five days. In the laboratory,

leaves were washed under tap water to remove any organic matter and posteriorly, in each leaf,

seven sections were chosen randomly and were cut and placed in two different types of V8

media: one containing the fungicide hymexazol and other antibiotics and the other with all the

antibiotics except hymexazol (10 µg mL−1 pimaricin, 200 µg mL−1 ampicillin, 10 µg mL−1

rifampicin, 25 µg mL−1 pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), 50 µg mL−1 nystatin and 50 µg mL−1

hymexazol). Petri dishes were incubated for three days in a temperature of 21°C and after that

the number of Phytophthora colonies was counted. The different compositions of the media used

for isolation did not influence in the number of Phytophthora colonies suggesting their tolerance to

this fungicide. In general, it was observed in both experiment trials that Phytophthora species

were able to colonize both fresh and dried baits confirming their behavior as saprophytes in

stream ecosystems. The conifers P. strobus L. (White Pine) and T. canadensis L. (Hemlock) were

the species which yielded the lower isolation rates during summer and autumn while the broad-

leaved A. rubrum L. (Red Maple) and U. americana L. (American Elm) were the species which

resulted in the higher isolation rates both for fresh and dried baits and in both sampling periods.

Keywords: forest pathology, water, bioindicator.

50



GRAZING AS A FIRE PREVENTION TOOL IN A MEDITERRANEAN CONSERVATION PROJECT WITHIN A MOSAIC-STRUCTURED FOREST

LANDSCAPE

Reiss, A.

Review of the LIFE-Montserrat project, Miñambres L. (project manager)

Provincial Council of Barcelona, Government of Catalonia, Association of Forest Owners of Montserrat Surroundings (APFEM), Foundation Catalonia - La Pedrera


A major problem in mediterranean landscapes are forest fires, which face a concerning rise in number and

intensity due to lacking forest management activities. This happens because of rural population drifting to

cities and leaving their properties and forests abandoned, which leads to a risky fuel load accumulation.

Generally, the goal to reduce fire risk is achieved by the disconnection of the vertical and horizontal wood

fuel load. An exemplary approach with traditional tools shows the 4-year lasting LIFE-Montserrat project in

the province of Barcelona, North-Eastern Spain, which links two Natura 2000 sites. The project area has

2,800 ha within a forested area (64%) of 42,000 ha, with the Montserrat mountain it its middle. Beside the

conservation of biodiversity, the main objective is to shift the forest structure to be more fire resistant, done

by operational measures and the application of silvopasture with cattle. A forest management plan

concerning forest restoration and pastoral management was developed and implemented, to recover the

mix of forests and pastures, which have suffered from major forest fires in the recent years. So far in the

third project year, forests are at different stages of being converted to less risky, and some areas still lack

regeneration. Two problems had been identified so far, specifically the problem of some forest grazing

grounds being too much covered by branches, which creates problems to the cattle for moving and

feeding on herbs. Secondly it turned out, that fodder from silvopasture is not sufficient to feed the cattle

through the entire year which leads to the need to move the herds to other grazing grounds. Though there

are some issues that make the pastoral work intensive, it is already clear that it is a practicable and

efficient way to approach the need for the fuelwood reduction. In comparison to mechanized operations,

grazing with livestock has less damages on soils, less emissions and is more convenient. It is obvious,

that on an overall level more measures must be implemented to get private forest owners together, to

transfer know-how related to reducing fire risk and to make the necessary operations attractive to forest

owners, in order to tackle the forest fire issue in Spain.

Keywords: silvopasture, fire risk, forest management, protection, Natura 2000.

51



POTENTIAL OF NATIVE MIXED FORESTS FUNGI FOR THEIR USE IN BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS

Martín-Andrés1, 2, I; López-Carcelén1, O.; Turrión1, M.B.; Olaizola-Suarez2, J.

1Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute. ETS de Ingenierías Agrarias, University of Valladolid & INIA

2IDforest, Biotecnología Forestal Aplicada S.L. 34003. Palencia, Spain.

e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Amongst the advantages of mixed forests over pure forests stands out their higher biodiversity.

This higher biodiversity provides them a greater capacity of reaction against destructive episodes

like forest fires. After these fires, besides the destruction caused by the fire itself, pollutants like

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are generated. These pollutants are highly dangerous for

organisms owing to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In these situations, the

fungal diversity, typical of mixed forests, becomes important; this is because amongst the native

fungi of the soil exist some, like the white rot fungi, that are able to break down a wide range of

organic pollutants structurally similar to lignin, thanks to the release of extracellular lignolytic

enzymes. This ability shows an interesting potential for its use in industry, as this kind of

substances, produced after forest fires, are also very common environmental pollutants. These

pollutants are usually released in oil spills and they are very persistent due to their hydrophobic

nature and low vapor pressure. This sort of process that allows to restore polluted environments

through the use of organisms is named bioremediation. In order to survive in the soil and carry

out the degradation of the pollutants, the white rot fungi require some kind of lignocellulosic

substrate as a carbon source to obtain energy. Amongst the materials suitable for this role, there

are forest and agricultural residues. This investigation focuses on the search and isolation of fungi

belonging to mixed forests of Quercus pyrenaica and Pinus sylvestris, altered and unaltered by

forest fires, and the comparison with their equivalents in pure forests. It also attempts to establish

the relations between the soil characteristics and its fungal inhabitants, and to analyse the fungal

capacity to metabolize different pollutants common in burned forest and industrial soils. Finally,

this project aims to develop the optimal substrate for the growth and the degradative activity of

the fungi. To achieve these objectives, the fungal communities of plots located in pure forest and

mixed forest will be studied and compared. In addition, the tolerance of the fungi to organic

pollutants present in the soil after forest fires and its ability to metabolize them will be studied, in

order to extrapolate it to the bioremediation of polluted industrial soils. Finally, several forest and

agricultural materials will be tested to get the most appropriate substrate for the fungal activity.

Keywords: biodiversity, mycoremediation, pollutants, hydrocarbons, fires.

52



WATER & FORESTS. A CONVENIENT RELATIONSHIP?

Gracia, C.A.1,2, Sabate, S.1,2, Tello, E.2

1 Departament d’ Ecologia, Universitat de Barcelona. CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals). Avgda. Diagonal, 645. 08028 Barcelona, Spain.

2 Centre de Recerca Ecologica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF). Edifici Ciencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona. 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.


This study aimed to search the effect of various climatic change scenarios over a 50 year period

on plots managed by a range of thinning intensities. For this purpose, it has been considered

GOTILWA model, which is a forest growth model that has been implemented to simulate the

forest growth processes and to explore how these processes are influenced by climate, tree and

stand structure, management techniques, soil properties and climate change. Subsequently, and

in order to determine how management practises can modify the effect of climatic change on

Mediterranean Forests, it had been integrated field experiments and the results of the GOTILWA

model so as to take into account both water fluxes and forest structure interactions. The results

show that the positive effects of atmospheric CO2 fertilisation, causing an increase in water use

efficiency (WUE), neutralise the negative effects of both, temperature increase and rainfall

decrease. Furthermore, thinning might attenuate the effects of adverse conditions by reducing

both leaf respiratory costs and the foliage turnover rate.

Keywords: quercus ilex l, thinning management, modelling, mediterranean forest, climate change.

53



ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN

ESMERALDAS CITY´S VICINITY (ECUADOR)

Ainhoa Iñiguez Soto

FACTORS OCK Scolopax rusticola IN A MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF SOUTH EUROPE (MONCAYO NATURAL PARK)

Sergio Pérez Goyeneche

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. CASE STUDY

Silvia García García

54



ECOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT WITHIN ESMERALDAS CITY´S VICINITY (ECUADOR)

Iñiguez-Soto, A., Vallejo, A.

Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/University of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz


The contamination of the water have an impact in the ecosystems, producing several changes in

the communities and organisms. The study of these organisms as bioindicators can provide

information about the quality of the water. In this study we analyse the marine environment in the

surroundings of Esmeraldas city (Ecuador), that is influenced by Esmeraldas river, harbour and

fishery activities and one oil terminal. The study was carried out between May and June of 2016.

Marine sediments were taken in nine different points and one point of control. These sediments

were extracted for the analysis of benthonic macroinvertebrates, which were identified and

counted. We calculated the biotic index and we determined the ecological quality of the water

using AMBI “AZTI Marine Biotic Index” software. We found a high number of species within the

sampling area. The dominance of species which tolerate a moderate pollution in the environment

in the Station 5, the Commercial Port, the PAPES and the mouth of the Esmeraldas River

increase the biotic index. This suggests that the quality of the water is worse than in the rest of

the sampling points. However, we haven´t found species that tolerate high pollution levels and

there aren´t sampling points where the biotic index indicate a moderate pollution level of the

water. Given the fact that our samples were from a tropical system and that the oil structures

seemed to have a positive effect of on biodiversity, the results that we observed were better than

those initially expected.

Keywords: macroinvertebrate, ecologic quality, marine environment, diversity, biotic index.

55



FACTORS OCK Scolopax rusticola IN A MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF SOUTH EUROPE (MONCAYO NATURAL PARK)

Pérez Goyeneche, S., Rodríguez Pérez, J. R., Tizado Morales, E. J.

University of Leon


Most of the breeding areas of the small sedentary population of Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax

rusticola in the Peninsula Iberica is unknown. Some work has been performed in the north face of

the Cantabrian Mountains (Asturias, Northern Spain) of atlantic climate, while in areas of

mediterranean climate the actual situation is unknown. This is the case of Moncayo Natural Park

located to the west of Aragon, here didn´t exist breeding information since 1976. The objective of

this study was to investigate the factors that condition the habitat in breeding period in this area of

mediterranean climate, also to study their breeding characteristics. In the first place in the year

2015 I did a census data of roding activity, that with existing bibliography I used to select the

factors that have conditioned the potential habitat. With the potential habitat I have created a

specific sampling grid for this area. In the year 2016 I did a census data of roding activity using

the specific sampling grid. The percentage of positive points changed from 20% in 2015 to 62,5

% in 2016. The Woodcock has occupied forest of Pinus sylvestris (n=3), Fagus sylvatica (n=1)

and mixed forest of Pinus sylvestris, Quercus pyrenaica and Betula ssp (n=1). The occupied

forest by Woodcock have abundant underbrush or vegetation structure would offer protection

agains predators. Sites selected by Woodcock was above 1000 m and at places of not-direct

sunligh. Taking everything into account I propose that the food (earthworms) and protection from

predators are the factors that condition of Woodcock and not only the vegetation. Therefore in

areas withh mediterranean climate the Woodcock select forest at higher altitudes than areas with

atlantic climate moreover at places of not-direct sunligh as they are the zones with edaphic

moisture to host earthworm. The roding characteristics doesn´t differ from that recorded in the

rest of the country so the climatic region doesn´t influence.

Keywords: woodcock, mediterranean climate, roding, earthworm, potential habitat.

56



SOCIAL PARTICIPATION IN SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT PROCESSES. CASE STUDY

García García, S., Rico González, M.

University of Valladolid. Campus-Yutera. Avda. Madrid 44, 34017. Palencia. Spain


Cerrato´s Region, located in the southeast of the province of Palencia (Castilla y León, Spain),

occupies an area of 171.080 ha, which forestry area represents 23,74 % of the total, whithin more

than the 84% of the forestry area. In this region, Holm oak (Quercus ilex) and Gall oak (Quercus

faginea) forests, represent more than the 58% of the tree-covered area. From the socio-economic

point of view, it is an eminently rural zone, characterized by a severe decline and a demographic

aging and a low population density. Nowadays the service and the construction are the main

activities sectors in this area, and the agrarian activity is becoming less important. In this context,

the main goal of this research is to design a sustainable forest management strategy for the Holm

and Gall oak forest of this region. In order to achieve this goal, a social participation process has

been carried out, constituted by a representative group of agents related to the forest sector of

the area. From the methodological point of view, qualitative (deep interview and close question)

and quantitative methods (Analytic Hierarchy Process –AHP-) have been used. The results have

allowed us to raised proposals to implement a sustainable strategy based on agro-sylvo-pastoral

model to benefit the management of the different resources of the region taking account the

population´s priorities. This management model expects to generate both direct benefit, as a

higher income and employment in the forestry sector or the consolidation of the importance of the

forest as an protective element of the environment, and indirect benefits that will have

consequences in the local population and the society in general, such as development of

participatory forest management models, dynamism to rural areas, and new work opportunities in

related sectors, setting the population and achieving the well-being of society.

Keywords: stakeholders, public participation, sustainability, analytic hierarchy process, cerrato palentino (Castilla y León).

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