Measures, Weights, Equivalents______________________________________________________________________________________

Units MultiplyBy:

ToGet:

MultiplyBy:

ToGet:

Linear Measuresfeet x 0.3048 = meters x 3.281 = feetinches x 2.54 = centimeters x 0.3937 = inchesinches x 25.4 = millimeters x 0.03937 = inchesmiles x 1.6093 = kilometers x 0.6214 = milesmils x 0.0254 = millimeters x 39.37 = milsyards x 0.9144 = meters x 1.0936 = yards

Area Measuresfeet2 x 0.0929 = meters2 x 10.764 = feet2

feet2 x 144 = inches2 x 0.00695 = feet2

inches2 x 6.452 = centimeters2 x 0.155 = inches2

inches2 x 645.16 = millimeters2 x 0.00155 = inches2

yards2 x 0.8361 = meters 2 x 1.196 = yards2

yards2 x 9 = feet2 x 0.111 = yards2

yards2 x 1296 = inches2 x 0.00077 = yards2

Volumefeet3 x 28.317 = liters x 0.03531 = feet3

feet3 x 7.481 = gallons x 0.1337 = feet3

feet3 x 29.92 = quarts (liquid) x 0.0334 = feet3

feet3 x 0.02832 = meters3 x 35.315 = feet3

feet3 x 1728 = inches3 x 0.00058 = feet3

fluid ounces x 29.57 = milliliters x 0.0338 = fluid ouncesfluid ounces x 0.031 = quarts (liquid) x 32 = fluid ouncesfluid ounces x 29.57 = centimeters3 x 0.0338 = fluid ouncesfluid ounces x 1.805 = inches3 x 0.554 = fluid ouncesgallons x 3.7854 = liters x 0.2642 = gallonsgallons x 128 = fluid ounces x 0.0078 = gallonsgallons x 3785.4 = centimeters3 x 0.00026 = gallonsgallons x 231 = inches3 x 0.00433 = gallonsinches3 x 0.01639 = liters x 61.024 = inches3

inches3 x 0.01732 = quarts (liquid) x 57.75 = inches3

inches3 x 16.387 = centimeters3 x 0.06102 = inches3

inches3 x 16387 = millimeters3 x 0.000061 = inches3

quarts (liquid) x 0.94635 = liters x 1.0567 = quarts (liquid)quarts (liquid) x 946.4 = centimeters3 x 0.00106 = quarts (liquid)yards3 x 764.5 = liters x 0.0013 = yards3

yards3 x 202 = gallons x 0.00495 = yards3

yards3 x 0.7646 = meters3 x 1.3080 = yards3

yards3 x 27 = feet3 x 0.037 = yards3

Measures, Weights, Equivalents (continued)______________________________________________________________________________________

Units MultiplyBy:

ToGet:

MultiplyBy:

ToGet:

Massgrains x 0.0648 = grams x 15.43 = grainsgrains x 0.00229 = ounces x 436.7 = grainsounces x 28.35 = grams x 0.0353 = ouncespounds x 0.4536 = kilograms x 2.2046 = poundspounds x 453.6 = grams x 0.0022 = pounds

Forcekilograms (mass) x 9.807 = newtons x 0.10197 = kilograms (mass)kilograms-force x 2.2046 = pounds-force x 0.4536 = kilograms-forceounces-force x 0.278 = newtons x 3.597 = ounces-forcepounds-force x 4.448 = newtons x 0.2248 = pounds-force

Energy or WorkBtu x 1055 = joules x 0.000948 = BtuBtu x 778 = foot-pounds x 0.00129 = Btucalories x 4.187 = joules x 0.2388 = caloriesfoot-pounds x 1.3558 = joules x 0.7376 = foot-poundswatt-hours x 3600 = joules x 0.0002778 = watt-hourswatt-hours x 2655 = foot-pounds x 0.0003766 = watt-hours

Pressure or Stressatmospheres x 101.3 = kilopascals x 0.00987 = atmospheresatmospheres x 760 = mm Hg (0 °C) x 0.00132 = atmospheresatmospheres x 29.92 = inches Hg (0 °C) x 0.0334 = atmospheresatmospheres x 406.8 = inches H2O (4 °C) x 0.00246 = atmospheresatmospheres x 14.7 = pounds per square inch x 0.068 = atmospheresinches Hg (0 °C) x 3.383 = kilopascals x 0.2956 = inches Hg (0 °C)inches Hg (0 °C) x 0.491 = pounds per square inch x 2.037 = inches Hg (0 °C)inches H2O (4 °C) x 0.249 = kilopascals x 4.016 = inches H2O (4 °C)inches H2O (4 °C) x 0.036 = pounds per square inch x 27.78 = inches H2O (4 °C)mm Hg (0 °C) x 0.134 = kilopascals x 7.46 = mm Hg (0 °C)mm Hg (0 °C) x 0.019 = pounds per square inch x 52.6 = mm Hg (0 °C)mm Hg (0 °C) x 13.596 = kilograms per square meter x 0.073551 = mm Hg (0 °C)mm Hg (0 °C) x 1.3596 = grams per square centimeter x 0.73551 = mm Hg (0 °C)pounds per square inch x 6.895 = kilopascals x 0.145 = pounds per square inchtorrs x 1.0 = mm Hg (0 °C) x 1.0 = torrs

Powerhorsepower x 0.746 = kilowatts x 1.34 = horsepowerhorsepower x 33000 = ft-lbf/min x 0.00003 = horsepowerft-lbf/min x 0.0226 = watts x 44.25 = ft-lbf/min

Yarn Number Conversion Formulas______________________________________________________

Yarn NumberSystem

CottonCount Denier

WorstedCount Wool Count Linen Lea

WoolenCut

Cotton Count___

5,315c.c.

c.c x 1.50 c.c x 52.5 c.c. x 2.80 c.c x 2.80

Denier 5,315d

___ 7,972d

279,030d

14,880d

14,880d

Worsted Count w.c.1.50

7,972w.c

___ w.c x 35.0 w.c. x 1.867 w.c. x 1.867

Wool Count w 52.50

279,030w

w 35.0

___ w 18.75

w 18.75

Linen Lea 1.1. 2.80

14,880l.l.

l.l 1.867

l.l x 18.75 ___ same

Woolen Cut w/c 2.80

14,880w/c

w/c 1.867

w/c x 18.75 same ___

Woolen Run w.r. 0.525

2,800w.r.

w.r 0.350

w.r. x 100 w.r. x 5.33 w.r. x 5.33

Jute Count 17.14j.c.

j.c. x 310 25.71j.c.

900j.c.

48.0j.c

48.0j.c.

Metric Count m.c. x 0.5905 9,000m.c.

m.c. 1.129

m.c. x 31.00 m.c. 0.605

m.c. 0.605

Grains/120Yards

1000 gr/120 yd

gr/120 yd0.1881

1,500 gr/120 yd

52,500 gr/120 yd

2,800 gr/120 yd

2,800 gr/120 yd

Tex 590.5tex

tex 0.1111

885.8tex

31,000tex

1,654tex

1,654tex

Yarn Number Conversion Formulas (continued)______________________________________________________

Yarn NumberSystem

WoolenRun Jute Count

MetricCount

Grains/120 Yards Tex

Cotton Count c.c. x 0.525 17.14c.c

c.c x 1.693 1,000c.c

590.5c.c

Denier 2,800d

d x 0.003225 9,000d

d x 0.1881 d x 0.1111

Worsted Count w.c. x 0.350 25.71w.c.

w.c. x 1.129 1,500w.c.

885.8w.c.

Wool Count w 100

900w

w 31.0

52,500w

30,975w

Linen Lea l.l 5.33

48.0l.l

l.l x 0.605 2,800l.l

1,654l.l.

Woolen Cut w/c 5.33

48.0w/c

w/c x 0.605 2,800w/c

1,654w/c

Woolen Run ___ 9.0 w.r.

w.r. 0.31

525.0w.r.

310.0w.r.

Jute Count 9.0 j.c.

___ 29.03j.c.

j.c. x 58.33 j.c. x 34.45

Metric Count m.c. x 0.310 29.03m.c.

___ 1,693m.c.

1,000m.c.

Grains/120Yards

525.0 gr/120 yd

gr/120 yd58.33

1,693 gr/120 yd

___ gr/120 yd x 0.5905

Tex 310.0tex

tex 34.45

1,000tex

tex 0.5905

___

Calculations for Fabric Weight___________________________________________________________________________________

For Yards per Pound*:

(a) Total yards Net weight in pounds

(b) 16 Ounces per linear yard

(c) Total Yards Ounces x 16

(d) Square inch weighed Weight in grams (width) x 12.60

(e) Square inch weighed Weight in grams (width) x 194.4

(f) 12-inch square sample weighed in grains = 27,993.6 Grains x width

(g) 8-inch square sample weighed in grains = 12,441.6 Grains x width

(h) 576 Width (ounces per square yard)

* yd/lb x 2.016 = m/kg

For Ounces per Square Yard†:

(a) Weight in pounds (16) (36) Yards (width)

(b) Weight in ounces (36) Yards (width) = Ounces per linear yard * (36 / width)

(c) 576 Width (yard per pound)

Calculations for Fabric Weight (continued)___________________________________________________________________________________

(d) Grams weight of sample Square inch weighed x 45.72

(e) Grains weight of sample Square inch weighed x 2.9622

(f) 8-inch square used: Grain weight x 0.04628

(g) 12-inch square used: Grain weight x 0.02057

(h) 8-inch square used: Gram weight x 0.7144

(i) 12-inch square used: Gram weight x 0.3175

†oz/yd2 x 0.03391 = kg/m2

For Ounces per Linear Yard‡:

(a) Weight in ounces Yards weighed

(b) 16 Yards per pound

(c) Ounces per square yard (Width / 36)

(d) Weight in grams (width) Square inch weighed x 1.270

(e) Weight in grains (width) Square inch weighed x 0.0823

‡ oz/lin yd x 0.031 = kg/m

Textile Moisture Calculations___________________________________________________________________________________

For moisture content:

Original wt. - dry wt. Original wt. x 100 = % moisture content

For moisture regain:

Original wt. - dry wt. Dry wt. x 100 = % moisture regain

To determine moisture regain of blends:

% Fiber A x Ra + (% Fiber B x Rb) + ...% Fiber A + % Fiber B + ... = % regain of blend

Where: Ra = commercial regain of Fiber A Rb = commercial regain of Fiber B

Wet Processing Calculations___________________________________________________________________________________

To convert from grams per liter to percent on weight of fiber:

Liquor ratio 10 x g/l = % owf

To convert percent on weight of fiber to grams per liter:

% owf x 10 Liquor ratio = g/l

For percent wet weight of fabric:

Wet wt. - dry wt. Dry wt. x 100 = % wet wt.

For percent wet pickup of fabric:

% Wet wt. - % dry wt. = % wet pickup

For percent dry solids add-on on fabric weight:

% Solids content of liquid x % wet pickup = % solids add-on

Weaving Guides______________________________________________________

Diameters of Spun Yarns of Different Cotton Counts

Cotton Count Diameter (in.) Diameter (mm.)80 0.00427 0.10875 0.00433 0.11070 0.00456 0.11665 0.00474 0.12060 0.00495 0.12655 0.00521 0.13250 0.00540 0.13748 0.00554 0.14146 0.00565 0.14444 0.00577 0.14642 0.00588 0.14940 0.00606 0.15438 0.00616 0.15636 0.00636 0.16234 0.00657 0.16732 0.00675 0.17130 0.00700 0.17828 0.00724 0.18426 0.00751 0.19024 0.00781 0.19822 0.00813 0.20620 0.00841 0.21519 0.00876 0.22218 0.00900 0.22917 0.00926 0.23516 0.00957 0.24315 0.00990 0.25114 0.0102 0.25913 0.0106 0.26912 0.0110 0.27911 0.0115 0.29210 0.0120 0.3059 0.0126 0.3208 0.0135 0.3437 0.0145 0.3686 0.0156 0.3965 0.0171 0.4344 0.0191 0.4853 0.0221 0.5612 0.0274 0.6961 0.0382 0.970