Textbook Version of the 4 Main Groups

These 3 groups are unresolved

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae

Berberidaceae

Platanaceae

Platanaceae

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae

Berberidaceae

Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots

Platanaceae

Portulacaceae Polygonaceae

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae

Berberidaceae

Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots

Basal Core Eudicots

VitaceaePlatanaceae

Portulacaceae Polygonaceae

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae

Berberidaceae

Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots

Hamamelidaceae

Basal Rosids

VitaceaePlatanaceae

Portulacaceae Polygonaceae

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae

Berberidaceae

Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots

Hamamelidaceae

Violaceae Salicaceae

Rosaceae Ulmaceae

Fagaceae Betulaceae Juglandaceae

Eurosids I

VitaceaePlatanaceae

Portulacaceae Polygonaceae

Ranunculaceae

Papaveraceae

Berberidaceae

Eudicots (or Tricolpates)Basal Eudicots

Hamamelidaceae

Violaceae Salicaceae

Rosaceae Ulmaceae

Fagaceae Betulaceae Juglandaceae

Malvaceae Anacardiaceae Sapindaceae

Eurosids II

Cornaceae

Ericaceae Sarraceniaceae

Rubiaceae

Apiaceae

Asteraceae

Caprifoliaceae Adoxaceae

*Basal

Euasterids I

Euasterids II

Bogs

Sphagnum

Ericaceae

Sarraceniaceae

Sphagnum Moss

Note distinct “heads”.

Sphagnum gains cations (nutrients) and acidifies the water through cation exchange.

Sphagnum moss

The stalks with capsules are the sporophytes

Note distinct “heads” at ends of stems.

Capsules are audibly explosive-- developing pressures of up to 2 atm and dispersing spores as far as 15 cm!

.

Contents of capsule shrink causing pressure build up, the spores are discharge all at once-- EXPLOSIVELY

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Time lapse

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Sphagnum at 1,000 fps >15cm heights

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Sphagnum capsule at 10,000 fps

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Sphagnum’s air gun is very effective:

Velocity = 13 m/s = 29 mph!!

Acceleration > 105 g

Timescale < 1/30,000 s

Pressure ~ 5 atm ??

Sphagnum capsule at 10,000 fps

Chamaedaphne calyculata - Leatherleaf -Ericaceae has Wintergreen Leaves

http://68.61.32.46/Wild%20Flowers/

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu

Chamaedaphne calyculata - note typical urn shaped flowers (typical of many Ericaceae), fused petals (typical of the sympetalae)

Chamaedaphne calyculata - Leatherleaf -Ericaceae. Note undersides of leaves are rust colored.

Vaccinium corymbosum, High Bush Blueberry, Ericaceae. Deciduous leaves, typical urn-shaped flowers, Ericoid mycorrhizae.

Vaccinium angustifolium - Common Low Bush Blueberry - Ericaceae

Vaccinium angustifolium, Low Bush Blueberry, Ericaceae

Fruits are a true berry!

Kalmia polifolia Bog Laurel Ericaceae

Pink bell-shaped flowers with “sprung” stamens in pockets of the corolla.

Opposite, revolute leaves.

In the phyllodocoid clade in the Ericaceae

Kalmia polifolia, Bog Laurel, Ericaceae.

Note reflexed stamens in pockets (3 have been sprung)

Kalmia angustifolia

Note flowers in the whorl just below the top.

Leaves are broad and typically in whorls of 3.

Kalmia angustifolia - note stamens are under tension, bending back into the corolla pockets

Kalmia angustifolia

Andromeda glaucophylla - Bog Rosemary - Ericaceae

Note alternate leaves.

Andromeda glaucophylla blossoms are white tinged with pink.

Note: alternate, revolute leaves and bell shaped flowers with long white pedicel.

Andromeda glaucophylla, Bog Rosemary, Ericaceae

http://68.61.32.46/Wild%20Flowers/

Andromeda glaucophylla

Bog Rosemary

Alternate leaves

Ericacaceae

Ledum groenlandicum, Labrador Tea, Ericaceae

http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/ledumgroe.html

Dense Hairs on Undersides of Leaves

Gaultheria procumbens, Wintergreen, Ericaceae

Epigaea repens, Trailing Arbutus or Mayflower, Ericaceae, State Flower of Massachusetts, Protected. Note oval leaves and paired white flowers (which turn pink with age).

Vaccinium macrocarpon (closely related to V. oxycoccus, the small cranberry which we will see at the bog)

Large Cranberry

Ericaceae

Vaccinium macrocarpon, Large Cranberry, Ericaceae Fruit = Berry (In the bog we will see V. oxycoccus, the small cranberry)

Cranberry field at harvest time.

Harvesting Cranberries

Ericoid mycorrhizae in Gaultheria. The dark blobs are the fungus in the root.

Ericoid mycorrhizae- cross section. Note few fungal hyphae on the root surface.

Ericoid mycorrhizae in Leucopogon juniperus (Epacridacaceae- a southern hemisphere heath family)

Ectomycorrhizae (fungus roots) on Pinus strobus.

Fungal hyphae (Amanita muscaria)

X-section showing thick mantle of fungus

Sarraceniaceae

Sarracenia leaves = pitchers

Sarracenia purpurea

Pitcher Plant

Sarraceniaceae

Note downward pointing hairs and purple venation.

Sarracenia purpurea flower

Note peltate style

Stephanomeria exigua

Parent SpeciesStephanomeria malheurensis

Selfing Species

Asteraceae

Mimulus lewisii (low to mid-elevation)

Bee pollinated

Pink petals

Landing Platform

Small Amounts of nectar

Mimulus cardinalis (mid to high elevation)

(Bird Pollinated)

Reflexed petals, no landing platform

Large amounts of nectar

Red Petals

F1 Hybrid

Cross between Mimulus lewisii and M. cardinalis

F2 generation plants were placed in a grid in the field and scored for pollinators.

•Yellow pigment reduces visits by bees.

•High nectar volume increases

visits by birds.

How might shifts in pollinators affect speciation rates?

Two different pollinators acting on one species could result in reproductive isolation and speciation

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Back up systems in angiosperms may predispose a species for further speciation

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