texas tech university health sciences center research opportunities: nia advances and future...
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Texas Tech University
Health Sciences Center
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES:
NIA Advances and Future Directions J Taylor Harden, PhD, RN, FGSA, FAAN
Assistant to the Director for Special Populations
National Institute on Aging
March 2010
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True or False
The world’s children under age 5 outnumber people aged 65 and over.
More than half the world’s older people live in the industrialized nations of Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia.
Current demographic projections suggest that 35% of all people in United States will be at least 65 years old by the year 2050.
The percentage of older people in rural areas is generally lower than in large cities.
There are more older widows than widowers in virtually all countries.
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National Institutes of Health
NIH’s MISSION:
Science in pursuit of knowledge to improve health
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NATIONAL INSTITUES OF HEALTHNational Institute on AgingOrganizational Structure
Office of the DirectorDr. Richard J. HodesDr. Marie A. Bernard
Intramural Research ProgramDr. Dan Longo
Office of Administrative ManagementLynn Hellinger
Division of Extramural ActivitiesDr. Robin Barr
Division of Aging Biology Dr. Felipe Sierra
Division of Geriatrics and Clinical Gerontology
Dr. Evan Hadley
Division of Behavioral and Social
ScienceDr. Richard Suzman
Division of Neuroscience Dr. Marcelle Morrison-Bogorad
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National Institute on Aging(Fiscal Years 2003 – 2009)
* Current dollars – dollar value of a good or service in terms of prices prevailing at the time the good was sold or service rendered. * Constant dollars – dollars value adjusted for inflation to demonstrate “real” increases. Determined by dividing current dollars by an appropriate price index, a process generally known as “deflating.”
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2008 Success Rates
Activity Code Applications Reviewed Awarded Award Amount1 Success Rate2
R01 977 213 $86,829,586 21.8%
R03 219 45 $2,858,321 20.6%
R15 31 6 $995,329 19.4%
R21 559 76 $13,783,889 13.6%
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YOUNG CHILDREN AND OLDER PEOPLE PROJECTED INCREASE IN GLOBAL POPULATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF GLOBAL POPULATION BETWEEN 2005 and 2030, BY AGE
United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects. The 2004
Revision. New York: United Nations, 2005 in Why Population Aging Matters: A Global Perspective at www.nia.nih.gov/ResearchInformation/ExtramuralPrograms/BehavioralAndSocialResearch/GlobalAging.htm
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Division of Neuroscience
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Pe
rcen
t
Evans D , et al. JAMA , Vol. 262, No. 18, 1989. Evans, et al. Arch Neurol, Vol. 60, 2003.
Prevalence of Probable Alzheimer’s Disease
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Exercise Increases Rat BDNF RNA
HIPPOCAMPUS:
Rats: 1 week exercise (male sprague-dawley, 3 months)
Berchtold et al., 2002
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Aging, Fitness and Neurocognitive Function
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
Walking Toning
Switching Pre-Exercise
Switching Post-Exercise
Reac
tion
Tim
e (m
s)
Kramer, A.F. et al. Nature, Vol. 400, July 29,1999
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Age-adjusted Incidence of Dementia According to Distance Walked
Abbott et al., JAMA, 2004
All dementia0
3
6
9
12
15
18In
cide
nce
(rat
e/10
00 p
erso
n-ye
ars) <0.25 mile/day
0.25 to 1 miles/day>1 to 2 miles/day>2 miles/day
Distanced walked† †
†Significant excess vs men who walked >2 miles/day (p<0.05)
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Aging
Stress Response
Metabolism
ROS
Inflammation
ChronicStress
ProliferativeHomeostasis
Tissue AgingGenetics
Mitochondria
IGF / Sirtuins
LAG
Epigenetics
Omics
SignalingChaperones
Comorbidity
Immunosenescence
Cytokines
Endocrine
Bones & cartilage
Cardiovascular
SecretomeStress-Induced
Apoptosis
Division of Aging Biology
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Treatment of Mice with Rapamycin
Starting at 20 months of age
Harrison et al., 2009
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Division of Behavioral and Social Research
Areas of Emphasis
Health Disparities
Aging Minds
Increasing Health Expectancy
Health, Work, and Retirement
Interventions and Behavior Change
Genetics, Behavior, and the Social Environment
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America Is Living Longer
And Healthier Improvements in:
– Recovery from heart disease, stroke
– Deafness
– Vision impairment
– Osteoporosis
Bone and joint health
– New, more effective classes of drugs for arthritis
– Improvements in joint replacement technology
Since 1982, disability rate for
elderly Americans declined by 30%
In past 30 years, American life expectancy
increased by ~6 years
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Science of Behavior Change
Neuroscience
BehavioralScience
Economics
Policy
Smoking Cessation
Genetics
Medication Adherence
Increase Exercise
ModerateDrinking
FinancialPlanning
Relevant science is rapidly emerging but is not optimally focused on behavior or common basic issues underlying many problem behaviors.
Using emerging new fields behavioral economics, cognitive neuroscience, behavior genetics
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10
(in millions)
6
41982 1989 1994 1999 2005
(estimated)
10.0
7.47.1
9.2
7.06.47.0
7.5
7.1
8.3
If disability rate did notchange since 1982
Based on decliningdisability rate since 1982
Source: National Long Term Care Survey (Kenneth Manton, Ph.D.)
8
12
9.5
Number of Chronically Disabled Americans
Age 65+
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Division of Geriatrics and Clinical GerontologyMarco Pahor
Physical Exercise to Prevent Disability2 U01 AG022376-05
Phase 3 multi-centered randomized, controlled clinical trial building on the successful results of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) pilot study.
Primary aim is to assess long-term effects of interventions on mobility disability and secondary aims are to assess effects on cognitive function, serious falls, ADLs, and cost-effectiveness.
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9892
Courtesy: Dr. Nir Barzili
100
95
Familial Determinants of Human Longevity
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NIH Director’s Opportunities for
ResearchDr. Francis S. Collins’ Thematic Priorities
Genomics and Other High Throughput Technologies
Translating Basic Science to Better Treatments
Using Science to Enable Health Care Reform
…Health Disparities Global Health Research
Reinvigorating Biomedical Research Community
– Microbiome
– Small molecule screening
– Stem cell research
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Human Microbiome Project (HMP)NIH Roadmap for Medical Research
http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp
By leveraging both the metagenomic and traditional approach to genomic DNA sequencing, the Human Microbiome Project will lay the foundation for further studies of human-associated microbial communities.
The project has set the following goals:
• Determining whether individuals share a core human microbiome
• Understanding whether changes in the human microbiome can be correlated with changes in human health
• Developing the new technological and bioinformatic tools needed to support these goals
• Addressing the ethical, legal and social implications raised by human microbiome research.
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Opportunities for Research and NIH
What is the best use of the Common Fund to address NIH priorities?
What is the best use of the Common Fund to address NIH priorities?
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Integrated Science and the Coming Century of
the Environment Science …its defining traits are… heuristics, the opening
of avenues to new discovery and interpretation; and consilience, the interlocking of causal explanations across disciplines. Researchers from disciplines of the natural sciences have entered a broad, mostly unexplored domain of causally linked phenomena:
Cognitive neuroscientists
Behavioral geneticists
Evolutionary biologists/evolutionary anthropologists
Environmental scientists Wilson EO, 1998, Science 279 (5358):2048-2049
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Future Directions
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Future Directions
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Future Directions
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Future Directions
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Future Directions NIA Summer Institute on Aging Research
July 20211 Queenstown, MDApplications Due March 2011
NIH Training Institute on Health Behavior Theory
July 25 - August 1, 2010 Madison, WIApplications Due on April 9, 2010
NIH State-of-the-Science ConferencePreventing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive DeclineApril 26–28, 2010 Bethesda, Maryland
NIA Grants Technical Assistance WorkshopNovember 18-19, 2010 New Orleans
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NIH Information Resources on Aging
National Institute on Aging Information Center
Toll-free information line, 1-800-222-2225
Web site (English & Spanish) --
www.nia.nih.gov/HealthInformation
NIA Alzheimer’s Disease Education and Referral Center (ADEAR)
Toll-free information line, 1-800-438-4380
Web site (English & Spanish) --
www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers
NIHSeniorHealth.gov
Joint project with National Library of Medicine
Aging related health information in a senior-friendly formatTopics include hearing loss, exercise, arthritis, glaucoma, and more
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National Institute on Aging
J Taylor Harden
Ph.D., R.N., FGSA, FAAN
Assistant to the Director
for Special Populations
301/496-0765