texas department of water resources...in september 1923, the texas board of water engineers (a...

TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

REPORT 247

MODERN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING

OF TEXAS

An Historical Sketch

By

c. R. Baskin

May 1980

TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES

Harvey Davis, Executive Director

TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD

A. L. Black. ChairmanGeorge W. McCleskeyGlen E. Roney

John H. Garrett, Vice ChairmanW. O. BankstonLonnie A. "Bo" Pilgrim

TEXAS WATER COMMISSION

Felix McDonald, Chairman Dorsey B. Hardeman, CommissionerJoe R. Carroll, Commissioner

Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained inthis pUblication. i.e., not obtained from other sources, is freely granted. TheDepartment would appreciate acknowledgement.

Published and distributedby the

Texas qepartment of Water ResourcesPost Office Box 13087Austin, Texas 78711

ii

PREFACE

Before the days of acute awareness at the finitenessof our prime energy resources, automobile performance

data often included a statement on how many secondsmight be required for a car to accelerate from ato 60 milesper hour. In the realm of modern topographic mapping in

Texas, we could ask how much time was required to getfrom 10 to 82 percent of the coverage of the State.

This report tells a bit about how thisaccomplishment was realized in 21 years. Published7Y2·minute mapping coverage is the specific

accomplishment. If the 72 percent increase in coverageover 21 years does not sound too impressive, consider that

iii

we are speaking of mapping accurately and in detailsomething over 215,000 square miles. That is averagingover 10,000 square miles per year in securing modernmaps meeting National Map Accuracy Standards.

Some of the matters related to this achievement,which has been realized at a cost approaching S50 million,are also touched upon in this report. The report seeks todocument the rate at which modern mapping coverage ofTexas has proceeded up through calendar year 1978. It ishoped that the tremendous undertaking of obtainingmodern mapping coverage for all of Texas will soon reachits initial completion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE. . . . . .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

STATUTORY CHARGE

BACKGROUND

USES OF MODERN MAPS

EARLY COOPERATIVE MAPPING

CURRENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAM.

THE TEXAS MAPPING ADVISORY COMMITTEE

TEXAS CODE INDEX SYSTEM

MAP DISTRIBUTION AND INFORMATION CENTER

HOW TO OBTAIN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS . . . .

CHRONOLOGY OF AUTHORIZATION AND COMPLETION OF MAPPING PROJECTS

OTHER AVAILABLE MAPPING .

COMPLETION OF THE PROGRAM

TABLES

Page

iii

2

2

3

8

10

11

11

42

47

1.

2.

1.

2.

3.

Mapping By Calendar Year Project Initially Authorized

Mapping By Calendar Year Project Completed . . .

FIGURES

Map Showing Status of Topographic Mapping in Texas, December 31,1978

Graph Showing Annual State Expenditures for Topographic Mapping inTexas, 1958·78 State Fiscal Years . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Graph Showing Cost of Modern Topographic Mapping in Dollars Per SquareMile for U.S. Geological Survey-Produced Maps in the Rocky MountainArea, 1958-78 Federal Fiscal Years. . . . . . _ . _ _ . . . .

iv

12

28

5

7

9

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

TABLE OF CONTENTS-Continued

Diagrammatic Explanation of the Texas Code Index System

Graph Showing Maps Distributed by the Map Distribution and Information

Center, 1971-78 (Calendar Years)

Graph Showing 7%-Minute Quadrangles Authorized by Projects Under the

National Mapping Program in Texas (Cumulatively Shown for the

Calendar Year Period 1947-78) .

Graph Showing 7Y2-Minute Quadrangles Completed by Projects Under the

National Mapping Program in Texas (Cumulatively Shown for the

Calendar Year Period 1949-78) .

Map Showing Authorization Dates of 7'Y2-Minute Mapping in Texas, 1947-78(Calendar Years)

Map Showing Completion Dates of 7Y2-Minute Mapping in Texas, 1949·78

(Calendar Years)

APPENDICES

Page

10

11

27

42

43

45

A. Accuracy Standards. 51

8.

C.

Annual State Expenditures for Topographic Mapping in Texas, 1958·78

Cost of Topographic Mapping for U.S. Geological Survey-Produced Maps

in the Rocky Mountain Area, 1958-78.

v

53

55

MODERN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING

OF TEXAS

An Historical Sketch

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author is greatly indebted to G. EmilBlomquist, head of the Department's TopographicMapping Unit, which manages the Map Distribution andInformation Center, for accomplishing much of the

research on which this report is based. Also, appreciationis expressed to Albert E. Letey, chief, Rocky MountainMapping Center, U.S. Geological Survey for his help andsuggestions and the information furnished by his staff forinclusion in this report.

An expression of gratitude to Mr. Letey and hispre d e ce 5 5 0 rs for the remarkable progress of thetopographic mapping program is in order. These

predecessors include Thomas V. Cummins and the lateRoland H. Moore.

STATUTORY CHARGE

With the passage of the Water Planning Act of 1957,the State of Texas accepted responsibility for having a partin effectuating modern topographic mapping of the State.This responsibility was made a direct part ofwater-planning legislation because of the recognition bythe First Called Session of the 55th Legislature of theintegral relationship of topographic·mapping coverage towater-resource planning and development. The legislationestablished the position of Chief Topographic Engineer of

the Texas Board of Water Engineers to initiate andadminister a cooperative topographic mapping programfor which the Legislature provided funding. Currently, thestatutory directive to the Department of Water Resourcesto carry out a program for topographic mapping of theState is found in Section 16.017 of the Texas Water Code.

BACKGROUND

As used in this report, the term "modern mapping"applies to U.S. Geological Survey 7%-minute quadrangle

mapping which meets National Map Accuracy Standards.Modern 7%-minute mapping of Texas commenced in 1947as a part of the National Mapping Program of the U.S.Geological Survey. With the Water Planning Act of 1957

becoming effective December 2,1957, the State of Texasembarked on a modern topographic mapping program incooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey by means ofa signed agreement.

Th e National Map Accuracy Standards wereadopted in 1941, following their evolvement by federal

map-using and map·making agencies in a series ofconferences sponsored by the then Bureau ofthe Budget.The 1941 Map Accuracy Standards were formallyimplemented by the U.S. Geological Survey throughSurvey Order 160 in 1947. This Survey Order was laterincorporated into the U.S. Geological Survey TopographicInstructions (procedural manual) as "AccuracySpecifications for Topographic Maps," dated October1952, and subsequently amended in 1954 and 1957. Allmaps published by the U.S. Geological Survey andmeeting National Map Accuracy Standards carry anaccuracy statement in the lower margin. For the benefit ofthe technically inclined reader, a copy of the National MapAccuracy Standards is included as Appendix A to thisreport.

The 7%-minute series maps being produced in Texasby the U.S. Geological Survey are at a scale of 1:24,000and cover 7%-minutes of latitude and 7%·minutes oflongitude. It has been determined that 4,376 of the7%-minute quadrangle maps will be required tocompletely cover the area of the State. At the time theState of Texas commenced cooperative participation inthe modern mapping program, only 440 quadrangles,

covering about 10 percent of the State's area, wereavailable in published form.

USES OF MODERN MAPS

Topographic maps are recognized by planners,developers, and builders as being indispensable tools in our

modern society. As our concerns grow greater in the areaof inventorying, developing, and managing and conservingour natural resources while preserving the environmentand accommodating the necessary advancement of oursociety, we must avail ourselves of every possiblemechanism to address these vital needs. Topographic mapsconstitute one of the most reliable and useful tools for usein meeting these needs.

Whether it be for the study and application of floodcontrol, soil and water conservation, energy and mineralresource exploration and development activities, landresource planning endeavors, or just the selection of primefishing sites and good locations for hunting and camping,modern topographic maps have many and varied uses. Ithas been truly said that all of the outdoors can be betterunderstood and appreciated with the aid of topographicmaps.

EARLY COOPERATIVE MAPPING

The first cooperative mapping program participatedin by the State of Texas was initiated in 1902 and involvedThe University of Texas at Austin and the U.S. GeologicalSurvey. The purpose of the program was to map areas inWest Texas in relation to mineral exploration anddevelopment. Three maps were produced under TheUniversity of Texas and U.S. Geological Survey Coopprogram and covered portions of Pecos, Hudspeth,Culberson, and Brewster Counties. One quadrangle,named "Terlingua District:' covering a portion ofBrewster County, was mapped to a scale of 1: 50,000 witha 25-foot contour interval; the other two quadrangles weremapped to a scale of 1: 125,000 with a 50-foot contourinterval.

In 1909 the then State Levee and Drainage Board(later known as the State Reclamation Department)signed an agreement with the U.S. Geological Survey to docooperative mapping in Texas. This agreement resulted inthe completion of six topographic maps (scale 1:24,000)covering portions of Collin, Rockwall, Dallas, Kaufman,Milam, Washington, Waller, Grimes, and BurlesonCounties. State funding for this 2·year joint mappingeffort was S18,417.

The State Reclamation Department initiated alimited cooperative agreement with the U.S. GeologicalSurvey in 1916 to map additional lowland areas and StatePrison System properties. Several agreements were madebetween the State Reclamation Department and U.S.Geological Survey extending up until about 1934. A fewof the maps produced under the State ReclamationDepartment and U.S. Geological Survey mapping effortwere at a scale of 1:24,000.

·2 .

Due to very limited funding capabilities, most of theState Reclamation Department mapping during this timecovered small specific areas of interest rather thanquadrangles defined by geographic coordinates. Forexample, the overflow valleys were very irregular andoften not 8 miles wide, thus mapping under the U.S.Geological Survey quadrangular system would havenecessitated expensive surveying and mapping ofsurrounding areas not of prime interest. These limited·areamaps were produced at scales of 1: 12,000 and 1:6,000.

During the State Reclamation Department and U.S.Geological Survey limited Cooperative Mapping Programof 1918·34, some other U.S. Geological Surveycooperative mapping was accomplished in Texas withfunding help from local cooperators and the U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers. Four 15-minute series quadrangles(scale 1:62,500) covering portions of Pecos and BrewsterCounties were produced in 1920·21 under a secondcooperative agreement between The University of Texasand the U.S. Geological Survey.

In September 1923, the Texas Board of WaterEngineers (a predecessor agency of the Texas Departmentof Water Resources) signed a 2·year cooperativeagreement with the U.S. Geological Survey to mappotential reservoir sites in Texas. Like the StateReclamation Department cooperative agreement, theBoard of Water Engineers mapping program was primarilyd!rected toward specific potential reservoir sites and wasnot concerned with the quadrangular system of the U.S.Geological Survey. Although the Survey mapped thepotential reservoir sites in Texas on a 15-minute seriesquadrangle format, the areas outside of the actual siteswere not mapped. Therefore, blank spaces existed on the15-minute maps published under the Board of WaterEngineers and U.S. Geological Survey cooperativeagreement. This cooperative mapping program involved apioneering application of aerial photography forcompiling topographic maps.

CURRENT COOPERATIVE PROGRAM

The matching funds cooperative mapping programcommenced under the Water Planning Act of 1957enabled the State to obtain urgently required coverage forwater-planning purposes in specific areas. Other mapping,a II-federally-funded under the Survey InvestigationResearch (SI R) Program, continued to take place in Texasafter the initiation of the cooperative mapping program infiscal year 1958. It was realized that if the two programscould be coordinated and if the map users of the Statecould influence decisions on where theall-federally-funded mapping would be undertaken,

desired coverage of the State could be achieved muchmore systematically.

Participation by the State in a cooperative programdid not result in any direct commitment for moreextensive mapping as a part of the all-federally-fundedprogram. However, it seemed logical to assume that Statefunding of mapping would likely be convincing evidenceof interest in and need for maps. It was hoped that theState funding would become "seed money" to encouragea more extensive all-federally-funded program.

It seems to have worked in that fashion. Of the3,605 published 7Y2-minute quadrangles available by theend of 1978, a total of 2,546 were produced under theall-federally-funded program, 1,006 under theState-federal cooperative program, and 53 underState-local-federal or local-federal cooperative programs.This is to say that over 70 percent of our currentlyavailable published 7lh-minute maps are products of theall-federally-funded (SIRI program. Figure 1 reflects thestatus of topographic mapping in Texas as ofDecember 31,1978.

Since State Fiscal Year 1958, a total of 56,736,850in State funds has gone into the cooperative mappingprogram. Over these years State funding has ranged from aminimum of $167,155 in 1958 to a maximum of$518,000 in 1971.

Figure 2 charts State fund ing of the moderncooperative topographic mapping program by State fiscalyears, commencing with 1958. (The State fiscal yearextends from September 1 to August 31.) Appendix Bdetails the annual State expenditures for mapping by Statefiscal years for the 21-year period 1958-78.

Total funding for the modern topographic mappingprogram in Texas approaches 550 million. If the cost ofthe pre-1958 mapping is included, the total cost figureexceeds $50 million. The U.S. Geological Survey hasbasically done a good job of controlling the cost ofmapping. The cost of Survey topographic mapping persquare mile in the area of which Texas is a part (RockyMountain Area) has varied from a low of $139 in 1964 to ahigh of 5314 in 1978. Figure 3 reflects the costfluctuations, and Appendix C details the cost figures byfederal fiscal years for 1958-78. (The federal fiscal year'extends from October 1 to September 30.)

THE TEXAS MAPPING ADVISORYCOMMITTEE

A vehicle to assemble input from map users of theState was established in 1960. The vehicle is the Texas

- 3 -

Mapping Advisory Committee (TMAC). Theorganizational meeting of this committee was held onSeptember 20, 1960. The Mapping Advisory Committeehas, since its establishment, been recommending to theU.S. Geological Survey those areas of the State which theCommittee felt were most urgently in need ofconsideration for mapping coverage under theall-federally-funded mapping program. Published mappingcoverage of Texas available at the time of theestablishment of the Committee in 1960 was limited to13 percent of the State's area. Published coverage has nowreached over 82 percent of the State's area.

Customarily the Mapping Advisory Committeeholds an annual meeting during September. Members ofthe Committee include representatives of the followingentities: the Texas SocietY of Professional Engineers, theTexas Surveyors Association, the City PlannersAssociation of Texas, the Lower Rio Grande ValleyChamber of Commerce, the South Texas Chamber ofCommerce, the East Texas Chamber of Commerce, theWest Texas Chamber of Commerce, the Texas GeneralLand Office, the State Department of Highways andPublic Transportation, the Texas Parks and WildlifeDepartment, the Texas State Soil and Water ConservationBoard, the Bureau of Economic Geology of the UniversitYof Texas at Austin, the Texas Forest Service, the TexasDepartment of Water Resources, and the Remote Sensingand Cartographic Committee of the Texas NaturalResources Information System Task Force. For the last2 years, attendance at the Committee's annual meetinghas been 100 percent of the membership. Also inattendance at the annual meetings are representatives ofthe Rocky Mountain Mapping Center of the U.S.Geological Survey in Denver, Colorado and usually arepresentative of the Topographic Division from theNational Center of the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston,Virginia. The annual meeting affords an opportunity forall members to jointly review the status of mapping in theState of Texas. Discussions are held relating to recentadvances in mapping technology as reported upon by theU.S. Geological Survey.

The Mapping Advisory Committee makes specificrecommendations for areas of the State to which itcollectively wishes to assign a high priority for earlymapping coverage and also provides a number of generalrecommendations for inclusion in its advisory report to

the U.S. Geological Survey. The individual priority areasfor mapping selected by each member are discussed at theannual meeting. Members then have 30 days to consider,in the light of discussion at the meeting, the areas theytentatively selected originally for mapping priorityemphasis and furnish the secretary of the Committee withtheir final specific choices for those areas which they feelshould be mapped. The Committee uses a rather detailed

Figure 2.-Annual State Expenditures for TopographicMapping in Texas 1958-78 State Fiscal Years

procedure to enable its individual members to reflect threelevels of priority for areas to be mapped, with a specifiednumber of quadrangle selections being permitted ineach of the categories and a different weightingbeing given to each level of priority. Utilizing this

procedure, a cumulative or aggregated committeeexpression of areas for priority consideration formapping becomes available.

'00

T I

I

I >-

I

LL

I

l-I- L

. ~ ". ., .. .., ~ .. - !>, '" • '. ~ .. ., .. "' ...

The Committee submits an annual report tothe Topographic Division of the U.S. GeologicalSurvey in late winter in order to ensure that theDivision has ample opportunity to consider map-userviews from Texas prior to the annual authorizationof mapping under the all-federally-funded mappingprogram.

The Mapping Advisory Committee is animportant means for aiding in accomplishing thestatutory mandate to achieve the topographicmapping of Texas, and consequently is providedstaff support by the Texas Department of WaterResources.

The reports of the Texas Mapping AdvisoryCommittee are considered models by theTopographic Division of the U.S. Geological Survey.Others also have become aware of and recognizedthe thoroughness and completeness of the annualTexas Mapping Advisory Committee reports. Severalother states have at times requested sufficient copiesof a Texas Mapping Advisory Committee Report tofurnish to their entire mapping advisory committee.

Since its establishment in 1960, the TexasMapping Advisory Committee has held 22 meetings.Four meetings were held before the submission ofthe Committee's First Report in March 1961. Threeadditional meetings preceeded issuance of theSecond Texas Mapping Advisory Committee Report.Although no meeting was held in 1966, theCommittee's mapping priority requests were includedin and submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey bymeans of the then Texas Water Development BoardReport 40, January 1967. A chronology of meetingsand reports of the Texas Mapping AdvisoryCommittee follows:

Chronology of Meetings and Reports of theTexas Mapping Advisory Committee

Meeting Date Report---

1,t September 20, 1960Organization meeting

2nd November 28, 1960

Date

- 7 -

Chronology of Meetings and Reports of the TexasMapping Advisory Committee-Continued

Meeting

3rd

4th

5th

6th

Date

January 25, 1961

March 1,1961

September 22,1961

December 13, 1961

Report

First Report

Date

March 1961

7th

8th

9th

10th

11th

12th

13th

14th

15th

16th

17th

18th

19th

20th

21st

nnd

October 19, 1962

November8,1963

October 16, 1964

November 5, 1965

No meeting in 1966

November 10, 1967

November 18, 1968

November 10,1969

October 6,1970

September 27, 1971

September 25,1972

September 24,1973

September 30,1974

September 29, 1975

September 27,1976

September 26,1977

October 2,1978

Second Report January 1963

Third Report January 1964

Fourth Report January 1965

Fifth Report January 1966

Report 40 February 1967

Sixth Report January 1968

Seventh Report February 1969

Eighth Report January 1970

Ninth Report January 1971

Tenth Report January 1972

Eleventh Report February 1973

Twelfth Report February 1974

Thirteenth Report February 1975

Fou rteenth Report February 1976

Fifteenth Report January 1977

Sixteenth Report January 1978

Seventeenth Report February 1979

Over 6,400 mapping priority requests have been

submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey by the TexasMapping Advisory Committee. These requests, made in 18

reports, applied to 2,320 separate 7Y:z-minute quadrangles.

Taking into account that the number of priority requestssubmitted by individual committee members has likely

averaged at least 8 to 10 times the number of aggregatedcommittee priority requests, the Committee Secretary has

- 8-

probably analyzed well over 50,000 separate pnorlty

requests since the Texas Mapping Advisory Committee

was established.

TEXAS CODE INDEX SYSTEM

As the intensification of mapping activity took

place beginning in fiscal year 1958, a system for filing,

storing, and retrieving these maps became an importantconsideration. The Chief Topographic Engineer of theTexas Board of Water Engineers at that time, the late H. A.Beckwith, devised the Texas Code Index System foraddressing this extremely important subject. The TexasCode Index is a numerical filing system utilizing thelatitude and longitude of the southeast corner oftopographic maps for identification purposes. Physicalfiling arrangements for maps indexed in this fashion aremuch simpler than those for filing maps alphabetically. Nomeans are available to accurately anticipate the nameswhich will be given to various quadrangles as they aremapped and to provide ample filing space for the maps.With a total of 4,376 quadrangles to ultimately store andfile, systematic physical filing arrangements are absolutelymandatory. By its very nature the Code Index enablesanticipation of required filing spaces. Additionally, filingmaps for an area the size of the State of Texas in analphabetical fashion would present the seriousdisadvantage of not having a group of maps covering aspecific area filed in the convenient fashion for readyassembly.

fashion beginning with number 1 for the southeastquadrangle. A l-degree quadrangle is thus subdivided into64 parts which are easily and quicklY identified byassigning the numbers as prescribed.

For areas in Texas which lie in l·degree quadrangleswest of the lOOth meridian, only the last two digits of thewhole-degree meridian designation are used in the TexasCode Index Number. Thus, for the l-degree quadranglewhose southeast corner lies at latitude 31°00'00" andlongitude 101°00'00", the first four digits of the CodeNumber would be 3101. After recording the latitude andlongitude coordinates as the first four digits of a CodeIndex Number, a hyphen is next set down, and the numberdesignating the 30-minute, 15-minute, and 7Y:z-minutequadrangle in which a particular map is located is thenshown. For maps covering a 15·minute quadrangle, a 0(zero) is assigned to the last digit (representing the7lh-minute quadrangle designation). Likewise, if a mapcovers a 3D-minute quadrangle, two O's (zeros) areassigned (one each for the 15-minute and TVa-minutequadrangles thereby identified).

The Texas Code Index Number is assigned byutilizing the whole-degree designation of first the latitudeand then the longitude of the southeast corner of the1-degree area in which any map may lie. The 1-degreequadrangle is then sectioned into four 30·minutequadrangles that are numbered in a clockwise fashion,from 1 to 4, beginning with the southeast quadrant. The3D·minute quadrangles are then quartered to form four15·minute quadrangles which are likewise numbered in aclockwise fashion, beginning in the southeast quadrant.Lastly, the 15-minute quadrangles are then divided into7Y:z-minute quadrangles, designated in the same clockwise

Reference to Figure 4 and a careful reading of thisexplanation will enable the reader to understand and usethe Texas Code Index Number for any standardtopographic map in Texas.

In July 1977, .the U.S. Geological Survey beganimprinting the Texas Code Index Number on all newlypublished or republished 7Ya·minute topographic maps ofTexas. Prior to the initiation of this procedure, eachquadrangle sheet received by the Map Distribution andInformation Center was hand stamped with theappropriate number before being filed. As a result of the

v/

L vI'... r-- /" I

° "-/0 . '" '. ,1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 196 1965 .966 1967 19,,8 1969 •• 70 1971 1972 19n 19. 1975 1976 1977 19 8

''0

"

'00

''0

'00

Figure 3.-Cost of Modern Topographic Mapping in Dollars per square milefor U.S. Geological Survey-Produced Maps in the Rocky

Mountain Area, 1958-68 Fiscal Years (Federal)

- 9-

L 1- degree quadrangle 3198-000

L 3D-minute quadrangle 3198- 200

L 15 - minute quadrangle 3198- 320

r.:E: 7 1/2 - minute quadrangle 3198-424t..:"",~

All quadrant designations include the

latitude and longitude coordinates ofthe southeast corner of the I-degree

quadrangle.

~o

0 ~o'0 .g0

'0 ~o ~o•'" 0 0 0

'" .~ '0 0 •.~ '"32°00'00" .. '" (7) 32000'00", I , ,

52'30", 1 4 , 1 4 , I 4 , 1 4

~ --3-- --4-- --3-- --4--2 1 , 2 1 I 2 I , 2 1 I

I3

1 I 1 45'00". , 1,,04 137'30" ":.

,I 4 ,

I 4 , : 4:: ,I 4

~ -2- --,-- --2'~'" --1--. 2 I I 2 I , 2 I I 2 I ,','ill"".i..." 1 1 1 30'00"

, T 4 , ';' 4 , 14 , I

I I 422'30" 3-- --4-'" --3-- --4--

2 1 I 2 I I 2 1 I 2 I ,1 2 I I I I 15'00", , 1 I,1 4 ,

I 4 ,I 4 ,

I 407'30" 2-- --1--; --2-- --1--

2 1 , 2 1 , 2 1 I 2 I ,"'00'00" 1 I ''''00'00''

:~ ~~o fl :~I

~o

'" .g',.,'" 0•

'"'"Figure 4.-Diagrammatic Explanation of the Texas Code Index System

imprinting arrangement, countless man-hours will be

saved in the processing and filing of maps. By the end ofcalendar year 1978, the Code Index Number had beenimprinted on 406 quadrangles.

The U.S. Geological Survey is also seriouslyconsidering using a system patterned after the Texas CodeIndex for identifying maps all overthe United States. Theease with which the Texas Code Index system can beunderstood and applied to all standard topographic mapspublished by the U.S. Geological Survey gives it extremelyvaluable potential for general use in the filing andretrieving of maps.

MAP DISTRIBUTION AND INFORMATIONCENTER

status of mapping in progress. A resolution recommendingestablishment of such a center was passed on October 19,1962, by the Texas Mapping Advisory Committee, Soon

thereafter, efforts were put forth by the then Texas WaterCommission to develop a map distribution andinformation center.

Because of its statutorily assigned responsibilitiesfor topographic and geologic mapping in Texas, the TexasDepartment of Water Resources now houses the MapDistribution and Information Center. The Center ismaintained by the Department's Topographic MappingUnit. Services rendered by the Center reached a level in1971 that justified establishment of a distributionaccounting system.

The Map Distribution and Information Centerprovides the following services to map users:

Wh en the cooperative mapping program wasinitiated, many saw the need to create a central mapdistribution and information office. Envisioned was acenter that would be large enough to house and maintain asupply of available U.S. Geological Survey topographicmaps. Also, it was thought that such a center shouldmaintain a reference file, to the degree that waspracticable, of all available standard maps covering areasof the State.

It was contemplated that the map center should bein a position to provide immediate, up-to-dateinformation on map availability, map sources, and the

·10·

1,

2,

Furnishes, on request, U.S. Geological Surveytopographic maps to State and localgovernmental entities. These maps can bemade available without charge to theseagencies of government as a consequence ofthe Department's participation in theState-federal cooperative mapping program.

Provides up-to-date information to allinquirers concerning areas and scales ofpublished map coverage and the status oftopographic mapping in progress orprogrammed.

The general public may purchase availabletopographic maps from the U.S. Geolog.ical Survey. Foradditional information and a copy of the latest "Index toTopographic Maps of Texas,"* write:

Expertise with map-related matters and activities inthe Map Distribution and Information Center results fromthe Department's many years of involvement withtopographic mapping in Texas. The Center stands ready toprovide all possible assistance to map users in Texas.Figure 5 reflects the number of maps distributed by theMap Distribution and Information Center during the years1971 through 1978. At least 35,000 maps have beendistributed by the Center during each of the last 6 years.

HOW TO OBTAIN TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

Branch of DistributionU.S. Geological SurveyBox 25286Federal Center, Mail Stop 306Denver, Colorado 80225

In addition to providing these services to map users,the staff of the Center assists in coordinating theState-federal cooperative mapping program_ Also, thestaff provides assistance to the Texas Mapping AdvisoryCommittee, which includes preparing for andparticipating in annual meetings and compiling annualreports to the Chief of the Topographic Division, U.S.Geological Survey.

,f-.--L

-'---0 f-I- - f-

'-'---

f-'- -'---,

0

1--

,-

0- -

'=~

0

,

0

,

,

Figure 5.-Maps Distributed by the Map Distribution andInformation Center, 1971-78 (Calendar Years)

3. Maintains up-te-date files on NationalGeodetic Survey Horizontal and VerticalControl Data for Texas.

4. Maintains a map reference library, whichincludes not only standard topographic mapsof areas in Texas but also nautical charts,State highway (county) maps, geologic-atlassheets, land-use maps, city maps, statewidebase maps, historical reclamation maps(prepared by the former State ReclamationDepartment). national forest maps, lakemaps (prepared by reservoir operatingentities and private map companies), UnitedStates base maps, and Defense MappingAgency topographic maps. (The library alsoincludes single copies of standard U.S.Geological Survey topographic mapscovering the states adjacent to Texas, i.e.,New Mexico, Arkansas, Oklahoma, andLouisiana.)

Various governmental agencies that have a need foravailable 7%-minute series topographic maps may obtainthem for official use, without charge, from the TexasDepartment of Water Resources. For additionalinformation regarding this service, contact:

Texas Department of Water ResourcesTopographic MappingP. O. Box 13087Austin, Texas 7871 1Phone: Area Code 512 475·3681

CHRONOLOGY OF AUTHORIZATIONAND COMPLETION OF MAPPING

PROJECTS

Table 1 is a chronology of mapping projects by yearinitially authorized. The table includes names of 366

·Included in this "Index to Topographic Maps of Texas" is alist of the numerous topographic map dealers in the Statewhere maps may be obtained bV over-the-counter sale.

- 11 -

Table 1 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Initially Authorized

-N

YearAuthor

ized

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

NlDTIber of 7~-Minute Quadrangles Authorized for Mapping

Year State-FederalProject Name Publication All- Federal (Cooperative) Total ClUTIulative

Completed (SIR) Projects Proj ects All Projects Total

Annona 1949 23Lufkin 1949 8Crockett 1950 8Colorado City 1952 16

~ 55 55

Bay City 1952 75Port Mansfield 1952 23

""""98 98 153

Wharton 1953 11Borger 1953 24San Antonio 1953 16

~ 51 204

Aransas Pass 1954 2Texas City 1954 17Wiergate 1954 7Dermott 1954 3Lampasas 1954 8La Parra 1954 2Texarkana 1954 6

45 45 249

East Brownsville 1955 12Orange 1955 2Fort Worth 1955 12El Paso 1955 19Maud 1955 2

47 47 296

See footnotes at end of table.

Table 1 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Initially Authorized (Continued)

Number of 7~-Minute Quadrangles Authorized for Mapping

Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative

ized Completed (SIR) Projects Projects All Projects Total

1952 West Brownsville 1956 33Amarillo East 1956 4Llano North 1956 12Mart 1956 8Hamilton 1956 32

89 89 385

1953 Austin* 1955 - - 4*Port Arthur 1957 10Columbus 1957 3Irene 1957 2Waco 1957 19

- San Angelo 1957 4w Abil ene 1957 4

Denison Dam 1957 1Lubbock 1957 4Wichita Falls 1958 4

sr 'l 55 440

1954 Fayetteville 1960 12Dallas 1960 24Grand Saline 1960 8San Saba 1960 12

SO 56 496

1955 Fort Hood-Gray 1961 19Breckenridge 1961 2McWhorter 1961 6Sherman 1961 4Pullman 1961 1Kelly-Rando1ph-

Brooks 1962 134S 45 541



Number of 7J,-Minute Quadrangles Authorized for Mapping

Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Proj ect Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative

ized Completed (SIR) Projects Projects All Projects Total-1956 La Grange West* 1958 - - 5*

Weatherford 1960 12Denton South 1962 28

~ -5- 45 586

1957 Croton Creek 1960 -- 8Arlie** 1960 -- 2**Groesbeck 1961 - - 3San Jacinto* 1961 - - 16*Garwood 1962 - - 3Cuero-Guadalupe 1962 - - 10

"" Cibolo Creek 1962 -- 3Spring Creek 1962 -- 5Carlos 1962 - - 1Gilmer West 1962 24Navasota-¥egua 1963 - - 19Salt Fork 1963 - - 7Denton North 1964 36Gilmer East 1964 24Waskom 1964 4

88 /I 165 751

1958 Sealy 1962 10Llano South 1962 2Amarillo West 1962 4Jacksboro 1963 4Waxahachie 1963 20Navasota 1964 2

4T 42 793



NLmlber of 7J-,-Minute Quadrangles Authorized for Mapping

Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total CLllllulativeized Completed (SIR) Proj ects. Projects All Proj ects Total

1959 Trenton** 1962 - - 3**Beaumont 1962 4San Jacinto

Extension 1964 - - 3Falls City 1964 18Cologne 1964 8Marlin 1964 16

46 -6- 52 845

1960 Cedar-Chambers 1962 - - 11Brady 1962 - - 3

'" Pedernales** 1962 - - 5**Utopia** 1962 - - 2**Hayrick 1962 - - 6Coleman 1962 -- 6Uvalde 1962 - - 4Rosser** 1962 - - 2**Breckenridge South** 1962 - - 2**Porterville 1963 - - 7Trinity 1963 -- 16Post 1963 - - 3Stephenville** 1963 -- 5**Anahuac 1964 29Caldwell 1964 7Singleton 1964 6Robert Lee 1964 4

46 12 118 963




Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All- redera1 (Cooperative) Total Cwnu1ative

ized Completed (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

1961 Hempstead 1963 - - 4Sample 1963 - - 3Rockwood 1964 10Madisonville West 1964 4Louctta North 1964 3Louetta 1964 3Greenville 1964 - - 4Sterling City 1964 - - 1Brady Southwest 1964 - - 1Fredonia 1965 8Ben Bolt 1965 12

'"Premont 1965 8Hidalgo 1965 23Archer City 1965 - - 5Taylor 1965 - - 6Millers Creek 1965 -- 4Bryan 1965 - - 4Wheeler 1965 - - 10Canada 1965 - - 2Flatonia 1965 - - 2Kaufman 1966 14Ennis 1966 - - 8Wills Point 1966 -- 9Aspennont 1966 - - 4Leander 1966 - - 4Warda 1966 - - 1Madisonville 1966 -- 5oakville 1966 - - 2Hallettsville 1966 - - 7




Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumu1a.tiveized Completed (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

1961 Montha1ia 1966 - - 2(Cont I d) Barstow 1967 - - 8

Sulphur Springs** 1967 - - 3**Alvin 1968 16

TIll gg- 200 1,163

1962 Wheelock 1964 5Edgar 1964 6Cunningham 1965 4Garden City 1965 8Garden City West 1965 4

~ Crockett 1965 8-.J

Wheeler North 1965 - - 2Hansford 1965 - - 5Port McKavett 1966 20Bellville 1966 9Weesatche 1966 16Mu1eshoe** 1966 -- 7**Silverton 1967 13Manning 1967 8Littlefield 1967 - - 15Slaton 1967 - - 10Muleshoe II 1967 - - 21Dumas 1968 - - 24Floydada 1968 - - 10Pampa 1968 - - 11

TIll IDS 206 1,369




Year Year State -FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication Al1-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative


1963 Blanco 1965 9Canadian 1966 4Odessa 1966 4Worthanl 1966 6LoU 1966 6Hunter 1966 2Camp Gary 1966 13Pettus 1966 4Berclair 1966 2Cain City 1966 - - 2La Coste 1966 - - 2

00 Lockhart 1966 - - 2Saspamco 1966 - - 2Wheeler South 1967 18Tu1e Creek 1967 8Odessa West 1967 12Leona 1967 24Sonora 1967 12Bartlett 1967 13Yancey 1967 10Kerrville 1967 29Natalia 1967 - - 2Sierra Blanca 1968 16San Marcos 1968 9Cooper 1968 - - 23Boerne 1968 -- 15Olney 1968 - - 27Tulia 1969 -- 20Houston 1970 12

TIT ~ 308 1,677



Number of 7y,-Minute Quadrangles Authorized for Mapping

~

'"

YearAuthor

ized

1964

1965

Project Name

MidlandCorsicanaBuffaloSchUlenburgl-bu1tonLaredoE1 CampoDublinAlbanyNaplesMt. PleasantRio GrandeWhitsettTempleHillsboroWalnut SpringsRising StarFrionaMatadorCrosbytonTylerTruscottLefors

MidkiffScharbauerSeymour

YearPublicationCompleted

19671968196819681968196819681968196819681968196919691969196919691969196919691969197019701970

197019701970

All-Federal(SIR) Proj ects

121115

71211

91126

82415

88

8

185

88

21

State-Federal(Cooperative)

Projects

87686

12

1416

----rr

TotalAll Projects

262

CumulativeTotal

1,939


Table 1 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Initially Authorized (ContDlued)

'"o

YearAuthor

ized

1965(Cant 'd)

1966

Nunilier of 7y,-Minute Quadrwlgles Authorized for Mapping

Year State-FederalProject Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative

Completed (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

'Ihrockmorton 1970 22Stanton 1970 24Farrar 1970 11Fredericksburg 1971 43Ozona 1971 44Ballinger 1971 36Graham 1971 18Munday 1971 16Hale Center 1971 10Cisco 1971 16Dickens 1971 - - 33Childress 1971 - - 33Monahans 1971 - - 6Grand Falls 1971 - - 9Sweetwater 1973 48

~ --sr 406 2,345

Vega 1970 28Kress 1971 8Orla 1971 6Longfellow 1971 16London 1971 2Pleasanton 1971 14Benavides 1971 8Hebbronville 1971 16Nocona 1971 18Beaver Creek 1971 -- 2Blum 1971 -- 4




Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All- Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative


1966 Three Rivers 1971 - - 4(Cont'd) Hobbs 1972 2

Hobbs North 1972 2Tucumcari 1972 4Outer Austin 1972 12Mason 1972 -- 4Fowlerton 1972 -- 18Comanche 1973 -- ISSabinal 1973 - - 11

I3'"i) 58 194 2,539

'" 1967 Goodland 1971 - - 3Enochs 1971 - - 3Cross Plains 1971 -- 3Corpus Christi 1972 8Rosita 1972 8Lorna Alta 1972 4Brownfield 1972 - - 25New Lynn 1972 - - 4Robstown 1973 12Centralia Draw 1973 3Kermit West 1973 6Eunice 1973 4Tatum 1973 4Hondo 1973 6Kickapoo 1973 8Juno 1973 20Sanderson 1973 32Rankin 1973 17


Table 1 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Initially Authori.zed (Continued)


Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative


1967 Kermit 1973 5(Cont'd) Atlanta 1973 8

Garza 1973 - - 22145 6lJ 205 2,744

1968 Fort Stockton 1973 16Clayton 1973 4Grady 1973 2Menard 1973 26Pipe Creek 1973 3Addicks 1973 5

N Sugar Land 1973 3N

Causey 1973 4Saddle Butte 1973 - - 4Hereford 1974 12Romero 1974 12Canadian 1974 12 10Reynolds Creek 1974 -- 11Channing 1974 -- 12Andrews 1974 - - 20Seminole 1974 - - 30Morton 1974 - - 12Pecos 1974 -- 24

81 "ill 210 2,954

1969 Brookshire 1974 6Katy 1974 2Big Bend 1974 40Paint Creek 1974 5




Year Year State-FederalAuthor- Project Name Publication All-Federal (Cooperative) Total CWllulative

ized Completed (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Proj ects Total--1969 Uvalde 1974 18

(Cont'd) Plains 1974 -- 16Kilgore 1974 - - 4Big Spring 1974 - - 8Big Lake 1974 - - 10Crane 1974 - - 4Rock Springs 1974 - - 14Freer 1974 - - 4La Gloria 1976 36

107 bO 167 3,121

N 1970 Charlie 1975 4wChristoval 1975 23Del Rio 1975 17Eagle Mountain 1975 16Higgins 1975 16McCamey 1975 12Iowa Park 1975 5Fort Hancock 1975 - - 13Sunray 1975 - - 6Chispa 1975 - - 5Alpine 1976 16Crystal City 1976 16Indian Canyon 1976 -- 3Langtry 1976 - - 4Buckley Creek 1976 - - 6Troup 1977 -- 24Barksdale 1977 - - 3

ITS 04 189 3,310


Table 1 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Initially Authori zed (Continued)

'"...

YearAuthor

ized

1971

1972

1973

Number of 7J,-Minute Quadrangles Authorized [or Mapping

Year State-r:ederalProject Name Publication All- Federal (Cooperative) Total CLDllulative

Completed (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

Dalhart 1976 26Perryton 1976 20Black Creek 1977 8Ketchum Mountain 1977 16Signal Peak 1977 20Waldrip 1977 4

94 -- 94 3,404

Cline 1977 4Crane 1977 8Delaware 1977 32Gruver 1977 19Grand Falls 1977 8Junction 1977 12Paloma 1977 1Woodward 1977 4Divot 1977 - - 6Brackettville 1977 - - 17Cotulla 1977 - - 13Chinati Peak I 21Valentine J 21Woodsboro J 16Spofford 1978 - - 14

140 SO 196 3,600

Chancellor I 24Eagle Pass I 45Elgin I 20Malvado I 15Marfa T 34



Number of 71z-Minute Quadrangles Authorized foy Map£ing

Year Year State-FederalI\uthor- Project Name Publication All-l'ederal (Cooperat i ve) Total Cumulative

ized Completed (SIR) Projects Pyojects 1\11 Pyoj ects Total--

1973 Santiago Peak I 51(Cont'd) Zapata I 36

Kingsville I - - 32Carta Valley I - - 28Borrego I - - 10

225 ----m- 295 3,895

1974 Carthage I 20Liberty I 32Marathon I 16Starks T 5

N Triple IJill I 4'" - -I-Iueco Mts. I - - 8Brownwood I - - 20Emory I -- 8

7":) 40 113 4,008

1975 Athens T 16Jasper I 24Mi les I 20Kingston I 11Durant I 12Jacksonville I - - 20Bonham I - - 16Livingston I - - 8Douglass T - - 8

83 ---sz- 135 4,143

See Cootnotes at end of table.


Number of 7~-Minute Quadrangles Authorized for MappingYear Year State-Federal

Author- Project Name Publication All- Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulativeized Completed (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

1976 Goodlett I 10Mineral Wells I 16Camden I 36Noodle I 20San Augustine I - - 21Vernon I - - 10Abernathy I - - 20Wildorado I - - 8Canyon I - - 7Goodnight I - - 8

8L 14 156 4,299N

'" 1977 Quanah I 27Huxley I 7

yr 34 4,333

1978 Clovis I 6-6- 6 4,339

* No State funding in this project. Local cooperator and Federal governmentprovided the financial support to this project.

** Local cooperator provided financial support to this project, in additionto the State-Federal cooperation indicated.

I Publication incomplete as of December 31, 1978.

4500

_000

"00

""'"

'"00

1000

1//---/

m,", ,",-"""r"')/;/

1.//

/ .......

//

//

•••• ~SIR MAPPING PROJECTS

/(All Foderolly Funded)

/

//

//

/;

~,-

/

/ V '\/,~.-:: -::.

COOPERATIVE: MAPPING PROJECTS---

- -"'- ./

-- V----- .--./'

/"./

19S0 1955 1960 1955 1970 1915

Figure 6.-7Y2-Minute Quadrangles Authorized by Projects Under the National MappingProgram in Texas (Cumulatively Shown for the Calendar Year Period 1947-78)

projects (both Cooperative and SIR). number of

quadrangles in each project, year initially authorized, andcompletion date. Reflected also is a cumulative total foreach year beginning in 1947 and ending in 1978. Figure 6charts the cumulative total number of 7%:-minutequadrangles authorized under the National TopographicMapping Program in Texas. The chart shows bothCooperative and SIR Mapping Programs as well as thecombined total of the two.

Table 2 is a chronology of mapping projects(Cooperative and 51 R) by year projects were actuallycompleted from 1949 through 1978. Figure 7 charts thisprogression cumulatively. A project was consideredcompleted when all published 7%·minute maps in theproject were received by the Department. Due tolimitations in capability in the printing process, manyprojects were delayed in their completion. Also, variationsin the number of 7%-minute maps comprising mappingprojects may tend to cause confusion about the actualnumber of quadrangles published. Forexample, in 1966a

total of 26 projects were completed but only 157(7%-minute) quadrangles were actually involved. In 1971a total of 25 mapping projects were completed, but 371(7%-minute) quadrangles were involved in the mappingprogram for that year. Thus, 1971 saw the largest numberof 7%-minute quadrangles involved in completed mappingprojects since the modern·day-mapping program began in1947. 80th Tables 1 and 2 show the number of 7%-minutequadrangles in each project. The Spofford project includes14 (7%-minute) quadrangles. Thirteen quadrangles werereceived in 1977, and the remaining quadrangle wasreceived in 1978. Therefore, the Spofford project wasconsidered complete in 1978.

The "Index to Topographic Maps of Texas" and theTexas Department of Water Resources' "Record ofReceipt" system were utilized in compiling bothchronology listings.

The time frame between authorization date andcompletion date is usually from 4 to 5 years. Some of the

- 27·

'"CD

YearProject

Completed

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

Table 2 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Completed

Number of 7~-Minute Quadrangle Maps Published

Year State-FederalProject Name Initially All- Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative

Authorized (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

Annona 1947 23Lufkin 1947 8

31 31 31

Crockett 1947 8----g 8 39

No Projects - - - - - - -- 39

Colorado City 1947 16Bay City 1948 75Port Mansfield 1948 23

II4 114 153

Wharton 1949 11Borger 1949 24San Antonio 1949 16

~ 51 204

Aransas Pass 1950 2Texas City 1950 17Wiergate 1950 7Dennott 1950 3Lampasas 1950 8La Parra 1950 2Texarkana 1950 6

---;rs 4S 249


l'able 2 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Completed


Year Year State-FederalProject Project Name Initially All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative

Completed Authorized (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

1955 East Brownsville 1951 12Orange 1951 2Fort Worth 1951 12El Paso 1951 19Maud 1951 2Austin* 1953 - - 4*

47 <r 51 300

1956 West Brownsville 1952 33Amarillo East 1952 4Llano North 1952 12

'" Mart 1952 8to

Hamil ton 1952 3289 89 389

1957 Port Arthur 1953 10Columbus 1953 3Irene 1953 2Waco 1953 19San Angelo 1953 4Abilene 1953 4Denison Dam 1953 1Lubbock 1953 4--

47 47 436

1958 Wichita Falls 1953 4La Grange West* 1956 -- 5*

----;r -5- 9 445




wo

YearProject

Completed

1959

1960

1961

Project Name

No Projects

FayettevilleDallasGrande SalineSan SabaWeatherfordCroton CreekAr1ie**

Fort Hood-GrayBreckenridgeMcWhorterShermanPullmanGroesbeckSan Jacinto*

YearInitially

Authorized

1954195419541954195619571957

1955195519551955195519571957

All-Federal(SIR) Proj ects

1224

81212

os

192641

"""3T


Projects

82**

llJ

316*

19

TotalAll Projects

78

51

CumulativeTotal

445

523

574

1962 Ke11y-Rando1ph-BrooksDenton SouthGilmer WestGaThloodCuero-GuadalupeCibolo CreekSpring Creek

1955195619571957195719571957

132824

310

35



Number of 7.,-Minute Quadrangle Maps Published

Year Year State-FederalProject Project Name Initially All- Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative


1962 Carlos 1957 -- 1(Cont'd) Sealy 1958 10

Llano South 1958 2Amarillo West 1958 4Beaumont 1959 4Trenton** 1959 - - 3**Cedar-Chambers 1960 - - 11Brady 1960 -- 3Pedemales** 1960 - - 5**Utopia** 1960 - - 2**Hayrick 1960 - - 6

w Coleman 1960 -- 6~

Uvalde 1960 -- 4Rosser** 1960 - - 2**Breckenridge SOU~l** 1960 - - 2**

ss- ---00 151 725

1963 Navasota-Yegua 1957 - - 19Salt Fork 1957 - - 7Jacksboro 1958 4Waxahachie 1958 20Porterville 1960 -- 7Trinity 1960 -- 16Post 1960 -- 3Stephenville** 1960 -- 5**Hempstead 1961 - - 4Sample 1961 - - 3

----z4 """"D4 88 813


OJ

'"

YearProject

Completed

1964

1965


Number of 7J,-Minute Quadrangle Maps Published

Year State-Federa1Project Name Initially Al1- Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative


Denton North 1957 36Gilmer East 1957 24Waskom 1957 4Navasota 1958 2Falls City 1959 18Cologne 1959 8Marlin 1959 16San Jacinto Extension 1959 -- 3Anahuac 1960 29Caldwell 1960 7Singleton 1960 6Robert Lee 1960 4Rockwood 1961 10Madisonville West 1961 4Louetta North 1961 3Louetta 1961 3Greenville 1961 - - 4Sterling City 1961 - - 1Brady SW 1961 - - 1Wheelock 1962 5Edger 1962 6

185 -g 194 1,007

Fredonia 1961 8Ben Bolt 1961 12Premont 1961 8lIidalgo 1961 23Archer City 1961 - - 5




ww

YearProject

Completed

1965(Cont'd)

1966

Project Name

TaylorMillers CreekBryanWheelerGanadaFlatoniaCunninghamGarden CityGarden City WestCrockettWheeler NorthHansfordBlanco

KaufmanEnnisWills PointAspermontLeanderWardaMadisonvilleOakvilleHallettsvilleMonthaliaFort McKavettBellvilleWeesatcheMuleshoe**

YearInitially

Authorized

196119611961196119(H19611962196219621962196219621963

19611961196119611961196119611961196119611962196219621962

All-Federal(SIR) Proj eets


ProjectsTotal

All ProjectsCumulative

Total


w'"

YearProject

Completed

1966(Cont'd)

1967

lable 2 -- Mapping By Calendar Year Project Completed


Year State-FederalProject Name Initially All-Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative


Canadian 1963 4Odessa 1963 4Wortham 1963 6Lott 1963 6Hunter 1963 2Camp Gary 1963 13Pettus 1963 4Berclair 1963 2Cain City 1963 - - 2La Coste 1963 - - 2Lockhart 1963 - - 2Saspamco 1963 - - 2

TOO -sT 157 1,288

Barstow 1961 - - 8Sulphur Springs** 1961 - - 3**Silverton 1962 13Manning 1962 8Littlefield 1962 - - 15Slaton 1962 - - 10Muleshoe II 1962 - - 21Wheeler South 1963 18Tule Creek 1963 8Odessa West 1963 12Leona 1963 24Sonora 1963 12Bartlett 1963 13Yancey 1963 10



NLnnber of 7!Z-Minute Quadrangle Maps Publisiled

Year Year State-FederalProject Project Name Initially All-Federal (Cooperative) Total CLnnulative


1967 Kerrville 1963 29(Cont'd) Natalia 1963 - - 2

Midland 1964 12159 sg- 218 1,506

1968 Alvin 1961 16Dumas 1962 - - 24Floydada 1962 - - 10Pampa 1962 - - 11Sierra Blanca 1963 16San Marcos 1963. 9

w Cooper 1963 - - 23m

Boerne 1963 - - 15Olney 1963 - - 27Corsicana 1964 11Buffalo 1964 15Schulenburg 1964 7Moulton 1964 12Laredo 1964 11£1 Campo 1964 9Dublin 1964 11Albany 1964 26Naples 1964 8Mt. Pleasant 1964 24

liS 110 285 1;791




Year Year State-FederalPTOject Project Name Initially All-Federal (CoopeTative) Total Cumulative

Completed Authorized (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Proj ects Total

1969 Tulia 1963 - - 20Rio Grande 1964 15Whitsett 1964 8Temple 1964 8Hillsboro 1964 - - 8Walnut Springs 1964 - - 7Rising Star 1964 - - 6Friona 1964 - - 8Matador 1964 -- 6Crosbyton 1964 - - 12

--:rr-- DI 98 1,889w

'" 1970 Houston 1963 12Tyler 1964 8Truscott 1964 - - 14Lefors 1964 - - 16Midkiff 1965 8Scharbauer 1965 8Seymour 1965 21Throckmorton 1965 22Stanton 1965 24Farrar 1965 11Vega 1966 28

I4L j(J 172 2,061

1971 Fredericksburg 1965 43Ozona 1965 44Ballinger 1965 36


Table 2 - - Mapping By Calendar Year Froj ect Completed


Year Year State-FederalProject Project Name Initially All Federal (Cooperative) Total Cumulative

Completed Authorized (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Froj ects Total

1971 Graham 1965 18(Cont'd) Munday 1965 16

Hale Center 1965 10Cisco 1965 16Dickens 1965 -- 33O,i1dress 1965 - - 33Monahans 1965 - - 6Grandfalls 1965 - - 9Kress 1966 8Orla 1966 6Longfellow 1966 16

w London 1966 2" Pleasanton 1966 14Benavides 1966 8Hebbronville 1966 16Nocona 1966 18Beaver Creek 1966 - - 2Blum 1966 - - 41hree Rivers 1966 - - 4Goodland 1967 - - 3Enochs 1967 - - 3Cross Plains 1967 - - 3

T7l roo 371 2,432

1972 Hobbs 1966 2Hobbs North 1966 2TucLUllcari 1966 4



wco

YearProject

Completed

1972(Cont'd)

1973

Number of 7~-Minute Quadrangle Maps PublishedYear State-Federal

Project Name Initially All Federal (Cooperative) Total CumulativeAuthorized (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

Outer Austin 1966 12Mason 1966 - - 4Fowlerton 1966 -- 18Corpus Christi 1967 8Rosita 1967 8Lorna Alto 1967 4Brownfield 1967 - - 25New Lynn 1967 -- 4

40 --sr 91 2,523

Sweetwater 1965 48Comanche 1966 - - 15Sabinal 1966 -- 11Robstown 1967 12Centralia Draw 1967 3Kermit West 1967 6Eunice 1967 4Tatum 1967 4Hondo 1967 6Kickapoo 1967 8Juno 1967 20Sanderson 1967 32Rankin 1967 17Kermit 1967 5Atlanta 1967 8Garza 1967 - - 22Fort Stockton 1968 16



--- ~~




1973 Clayton 1968 4(Cont'd) Grady 1968 2

Menard 1968 26Pipe Creek 1968 3Addicks 1968 5Sugar Land 1968 3Causey 1968 4saddle Butte 1968 - - 4

TIO ---sz 288 2,811

1974 Hereford 1968 12w Romero 1968 12co

Canadian 1968 - - 10Reynolds Creek 1968 -- 11Channing 1968 -- 12Andrews 1968 -- 20Seminole 1968 - - 30Morton 1968 - - 12Pecos 1968 - - 24Brookshire 1969 6Katy 1969 2Big Bend 1969 40Paint Creek 1969 5Uvalde 1969 18Plains 1969 -- 16Kilgore 1969 - - 4Big Spring 1969 - - 8


Table 2 -- Mapping By Calendar-Year Project Completed

Number of 7~-Minute Quadrangle Maps PublishedYear Year State-Federal

Project Project Name Initially All Federal (Cooperative) Total CumulativeCompleted Authorized (SIR) Proj ects Projects All Projects Total

1974 Big Lake 1969 - - 10(Cont'd) Crane 1969 - - 4

Rock Springs 1969 - - 14Freer 1969 - - 4

9S 179 274 3,085

1975 Charlie 1970 4Christoval 1970 23Del Rio 1970 17Eagle Mountain 1970 16Higgins 1970 16

J> McCamey 1970 120

Iowa Park 1970 5Fort Hancock 1970 - - 13Sunray 1970 - - 6Chispa 1970 -- 5

93 24 117 3,202

1976 La Gloria 1969 36Alpine 1970 16Crystal City 1970 16Indian Canyon 1970 - - 3Langtry 1970 - - 4Buckley Creek 1970 - - 6Dalhart 1971 26Perryton 1971 20

IT4 13 127 3,329





Completed Authorized (SIR) Projects Projects All Projects Total

1977 Barksdale 1970 - - 3Troup 1970 - - 24Black Creek 1971 8Ketchum Mountain 1971 16Signal Peak 1971 20Waldrip 1971 4Cline 1972 4Crane 1972 8Delaware Creek 1972 32Gruver 1972 19Grand Falls 1972 8

~ Junction 1972 12Paloma 1972 1Woodward 1972 4Divot 1972 - - 6Brackettville 1972 -- 17Cotulla 1972 - - 13

I30 ---or 199 3,528

1978 Spofford 1972 - - 1414 14 3,542

* No State funding in this project. Local cooperator and Federal government providedthe financial support to the project.

** Local cooperator provided financial support to elis project, in addition to theState-Federal cooperation indicated.

///

/

/TOTAL Til: M1NIJT£ ~P.PPING~/

fr'

//

/// ,--

f ,"""",-SIR MA"PI~G PROJECTS

f .' (.loll F~~"Q IJ f~eI:'~ I

/ ,-f .'

,/COOFERUIV[ 1/lt4f'P'tlG P-.LJECTS

/

f

/~//'

/ ...."'-;.0

_.- <,""-'-'~-- ~./

.~

0

'000

<000

1960 1970 197'5

Figure 7.-7%·Minute Quadrangles Published by Projects Under the National MappingProgram in Texas (Cumulatively Shown for the Calendar Year Period 1949-78)

early mapping projects, as reflected on the tables, werecompleted in a shorter time frame than those completed inlater years. This is due in part to incomplete records forthose projects initiated in the early years of the mappingprogram. When the current State·federal cooperativeprogram got underway, a more complete record-keepingsystem was implemented.

Actual work on a mapping project usually begins1 year after authorization. Also, as explained earlier,sometimes a single quadrangle can be backlogged in theprinting process, and thus delay completion of a projectby 1 or even 2 years. An understanding of these factorshelps explain the time frame involved betweenauthorization and completion.

Figures 8 and 9 reflect, by convenient increments ofyears. the authorization and publication dates of7Y2-minute mapping projects in Texas.

OTHER AVAILABLE MAPPING

The 1:24.000·scale, 7Y:z-minute quadrangle map.which is the subject of this report, is actually the baseproduct from which a number of other types of maps arederived. As noted earlier, 82 percent of the State's area iscovered with published 7Y:z-minute series maps, and thedate for completing the coverage of the State is difficult toproject.

The largest map stocked by the Map Distributionand Information Center is the U.S. Geological Survey1:500,OOO·scale map. This map, which was compiled in1962 and pUblished in 1965, comes in 4 sections. Whenspliced, the sections measure 8 feet 6 inches in width bynearly 7 feet in height, and the map has seen considerableuse as a wall map to provide a good overview of the entireState. The contour interval is 200 feet, with asupplementall0Q-foot contour in the coastal area.

- 42-

The entire area of Texas is also covered by1:250,000·scale maps published by the U.S. GeologicalSurvey. These maps were originally prepared as militaryeditions by the U.S. Army Map Service (now DefenseMapping Agency) during the 1950's. The U-S. GeologicalSurvey now maintains and updates this series of maps onan 8·year cycle. Generally, the 1:250,000-scale mapscover 1 degree of latitude and 2 degrees of longitude.They are extremely useful in providing comprehensiveviews of extensive projects or for regional planningpurposes.

Also housed by the Map Distribution andInformation Center are blue-line prints ofintermediate-scale series maps. These maps have beenproduced by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperationwith the Soil Conservation Service of the U.S.Department of Agriculture. In some areas, these mapshave been produced in a county-format series at1:50,000 and 1: 100,000 scales. Some of theintermediate-scale maps are being produced in 30·minuteby l-degree quadrangle format at both the 1: 50,000 and1: 100,000 scale. Presently, there are only 24 countiesavailable in the county-format series and there are 11 ofthe 3D-minute by 1-degree quadrangle format maps at ascale of 1: 100,000 covering portions of 25 counties.

Another product that is stocked by the MapDistribution and Information Center is the 7Y:z·minuteseries orthophotoquad. Orthophotoquads are fullyhorizontally rectified photographic images prepared on astandard 7Y:z-minute quadrangle format base at a scale of1:24,000. The orthophotoquad is valuable as a mapsubstitute and as a map complement. Orthophotoquadstotaling 556 quadrangles covering portions of Texassituated in 59 counties are housed in the mapdepository.

From time to time it is necessary to completelyremap outdated maps. Whenever possible this expensiveprocedure is avoided by preparing aphoto-grammetrically revised map. Such a map simplyadds changes that have occurred since the original mapwas compiled. Most of these changes, such as roads,dams, built-up urban areas, and the like, come about as aresult of man's activities. The U.S. Geological Surveyattempts to photorevise maps covering StandardMetropolitan Statistical Areas on a 5-year schedule.During 1978, the Department received 93newly-published photorevised quadrangles as comparedto only 65 newly-published 7Y:z-minute quadranglescovering areas not previously mapped in the 7Y:z-minuteseries.

Advancement is being made in many areas of theUnited States to begin producing maps in metric units.

·47·

The U.S. Geological Survey is planning to completelyconvert to metric map products as soon as possible. TheTexas Mapping Advisory Committee has strongly urgedthat the U.S. Geological Survey delay metric conversionof 7Y:!-minute series maps in Texas until mapping of theState has been completed in the conventional units. Thatrecommendation has been agreed to by the U.S.Geological Survey. Future conversion of the 7%-minuteseries to metric units will likely involve changing thescale from 1:24,000 to l:25,000 and possibly changingthe format from 7Y:!-minute quadrangles to 7%:- by15-minute series maps. The presently popular contourintervals of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 feet will probably bereplaced by intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10,20,30,40,50,60, and 100 meters.

COMPLETION OF THE PROGRAM

How long will it be until the entire State is coveredwith modern published maps? That is a question whichis difficult to answer.

At the end of 1978, there were 771 unpublished7Y:z-minute quadrangles. All but 37 of these wereauthorized and in some stage of the mapping process.

Unfortunately, State funding has become lessreadily available for allocation to the mapping program.Accordingly, a slowdown in the completion of publishedmaps partly financed by State funds is beingexperienced_

Because of funding limitations, the San Augustinecooperative mapping project, 21 quadrangles authorizedin 1976, was reauthorized last year as anall-federally-funded project. No new authorization ofcooperative projects can be foreseen. Funds will be usedto advance previously authorized projects to the greatestextent possible_ It is likely that additionalreauthorization of cooperative projects asall-federallY-funded projects may be necessary in orderto advance the entire mapping eHort in a timely fashion.

The 37 quadrangles remaining to be authorized atthe end of 1978 should, it is hoped, be authorizedduring 1979. Such action will be tempered by possiblereauthorizations from the cooperative program. In 1978,new authorizations under the all-federally-fundedprogram, including the San Augustine projectreauthorization, totalled only 27 quadrangles.

With even more stringent State funding limitationsbeing a distinct possibility, it is very difficult to projectwhen the last map will be published completing the

initial modern mapping of Texas. The best estimate thatcan be made at the moment is 1985 or 1986.

Of course, as has been mentioned in this report,maps in most areas must be updated at intervals. It isanticipated that the updating will be able to be

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accomplished on a more timely basis than the originalcomplete mapping effort. The shift to the use of metricunits as remapping is undertaken will require appreciabletime, however. It is therefore totally impractical toproject a time when Texas might be covered by1:25,000 scale, metric unit maps.

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

United States National Map Accuracy Standards

With a view to the utmost economy and expedition in producing maps which fulfill not only the broad needs forstandard or principal maps, but also the reasonable particular needs of individual agencies, standards of accuracy forpublished maps are defined as follows:

1. Horizontal accuracy. For maps on publication scales larger than 1:20,000, not more than 10 percent of the pointstested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale; for maps on publication scalesof 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50 inch. These limits of accuracy shall apply in all cases to positions of well-definedpoints only. Well-defined points are those that are easily visible or recoverable on the ground, such as thefollowing: monuments or markers, such as bench marks, property boundary monuments; intersections of roads,railroads, etc.; corners of large buildings or structures (or center points of small buildings); etc. In general what iswell defined will also be determined by what is plottable on the scale of the map within 1/100 inch. Thus whilethe intersection of two road or property lines meeting at right angles would come within a sensible interpretation,identification of the intersection of such lines meeting at an acute angle would obviously not be practicablewithin 1/100 inch. Similarly, features not identifiable upon the ground within close limits are not to beconsidered as test points within the limits quoted, even though their positions may be scaled closely upon themap. In this class would come timber lines, soil boundaries, etc.

2. Vertical accuracy, as applied to contour maps on all publication scales, shall be such that not more than10 percent of the elevations tested shall be in error more than one·half the contour interval. In checkingelevations taken from the map, the apparent vertical error may be decreased by assuming a horizontaldisplacement within the permissible horizontal error for a map of that scale.

3. The accuracy of any map may be tested by comparing the positions of points whose locations or elevations areshown upon it with corresponding positions as determined by surveys of a higher accuracy. Tests shall be madeby the producing agency, which shall also determine which of its maps are to be tested, and the extent of suchtesting.

4. Published maps meeting these accuracy requirements shall note this fact on their legends, as follows: "This mapcomplies with National Map Accuracy Standards."

5. Published maps whose errors exceed those aforestated shall omit from their legends all mention of standardaccuracy:

6. When a published map is a considerable enlargement of a map drawing (manuscript) or of a published map, thatfact shall be stated in the legend. For example, "This map is an enlargement of a 1:20,OOO-scale map drawing," or"This map is an enlargement of a 1:24,OOQ-scale published map."

7. To facilitate ready interchange and use of basic information for map construction among all Federal mapmakingagencies, manuscript maps and published maps, wherever economically feasible and consistent with the uses towhich the map is to be put, shall conform to latitude and longitude boundaries, being 15 minutes of latitude andlongitude, or 7.5 minutes, or 3-314 minutes in size.

Issued June 10, 1941Revised April 26, 1943Revised June 17, 1947

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U.S. BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

APPENDIX B

Annual State Expenditures for Topographic Mappingin Texas, 1958-78

Fiscal Year* Expenditure Fiscal Year· Expenditure

1958 $ 167,155 1969 440,000

1959 180,845 1970 480,000

1960 200,000 1971 518,000

1961 187,700 1972 372,450

1962 300,000 1973 370,700

1963 300,000 1974 350,000

1964 300,000 1975 350,000

1965 300,000 1976 350,000

1966 295,000 1977 390,000

1967 295,000 1978 190,000

1968 400,000Total 56,736,850

"State fiscal year. which extends from September 1 to August 31.

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APPENDIX C

Cost of Topographic Mapping for U.S. Geological Survey-ProducedMaps in the Rocky Mountain Area*, 1958-78

Fiscal Year-· Cost Per Square Mile Fiscal Year·· Cost Per Square Mile

1958 5166 1969 164

1959 166 1970 200

1960 176 1971 204

1961 176 1972 206

1962 162 1973 198

1963 160 1974 194

1964 139 1975 197

1965 159 1976 200

1966 151 1977 258

1967 161 1978 314

1968 163

"The "Rocky Mountain Area" administrative region of the U.S. Geological Survey includes Texas .• • Federal fiscal year, which extends from Ocrober 1 to September 30.

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texas department of water resources...in september 1923, the texas board of water engineers (a...

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