tetraphenylporphyrin/polyaniline complexes as … keahlian teknik fisika , jurusan fakultas...
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Tetraphenylporphyrin/Polyaniline
Complexes as Optic Active Layer in Organic Optoelectronic
Applications
1
Veinardi Suendo1,6, Suprijadi2,6, Sparisoma Viridi3, Brian Yuliarto4,6, Phutri Milana1, Ferdinand Hidayat1, Koutaro Takeyasu6, Kanta
Asakawa6, Shohei Ogura6, Katsuyuki Fukutani6
1Kelompok Keahlian Kimia Anorganik dan Fisik, Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matermatika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2Kelompok Keahlian Fisika Teoritik dan Energi Tinggi, Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matermatika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Kelompok Keahlian Fisika Nuklir dan Biofisika, Jurusan Fisika, Fakultas Matermatika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
4Kelompok Keahlian Teknik Fisika, Jurusan Teknik Fisika, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
5National Research Centre for Nanotechnology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 6Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 komaba meguro-ku, tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Plan of Presentation
Introduction Experiments Results and Discussion Conclusions
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INTRODUCTION
Tetraphenylporphyrin/Polyaniline Complexes as Optic Active Layer in Organic Optoelectronic Applications
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Global Energy Demand
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Solar Energy
Obstacles : High production cost Expensive components All components are
imported
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A cheaper photovoltaic technology has to be
developed in Indonesia
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DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell) Simple Fabrication Dye/sensitizer can be
obtain locally: natural pigments, i.e. photosynthetic pigments from green plants, anthocyanins, etc.
Very suitable to be implemented in Indonesia.
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DSSC components
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Porphyrin
A potential dye/sensitizer for DSSC that covers a certain range of light radiation
High quantum efficiency Has a unique molecular junction with a
wide-band gap semiconductor that depends on how it was immobilized
High molecular symmetry with point group of D4h (metalloporphyrin) or D2h /C2V (free-base porphyrin)
.
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Porphyrin
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Several porphyrins are available abundantly in nature: chlorophyll a, heme B (in hemoglobin), heme C (pada cytochrome c).
N
N N
N
Mg
H
O
O
H
O
H
COOCH3
CH3 H CH3 H
chlorophyll a
Heme B
Heme C
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Chlorophyll
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Meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP)
Synthetic pigment with a simple synthesis pathway and high yield
High absorption coefficient in visible light
Gives a strong photoluminescence in red
Simple to vary its properties through the insertion of metal ions, protonation and addition of linker molecules
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Polyaniline
• Low production cost • Covers a wide range of
electrical conductivity (10-10
S/cm - 100 S/cm) • High environmental and
thermal stability
Advantages :
Aniline
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POLYANILINE
Leucoemeraldine Base (LEB), Y = 1
Emeraldine Base (EB), Y = 0.5
Pernigraniline Base (PNB), Y = 0
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Molecular Junction in TPP/PANI Blend
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NH+
NH NH+ NH
NNNNZn
π Stacking interaction
NH+
NH NH+ NH
NNNNZn
covalent coordination with type (η6, L3), (η4, L2) or (η2, L), between π electrons and central metal ion
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Molecular Junction in TPP/PANI Blend
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NH+
NH NH+ NH
NNNNZn
covalent coordination with type (η2, L) between lone pair and central metal ion
N N N N
H H
HH
N
N
N
N
M
N
N
N
N
n
Lewis acid-base interaction
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EXPERIMENTS
Tetraphenylporphyrin/Polyaniline Complexes as Optic Active Layer in Organic Optoelectronic Applications
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Synthesis of Porphyrins
Acidic Silica Gel AldehydePyrrole
Mixture on Silica
Variation of aldehyde:1. Benzaldehyde2. p-methoxybenzaldehyde3. p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
Porphyrin
Microwave radiation (10 minutes)
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Synthesis of Polyaniline
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Rinsed three times with 100 mL HCl 1 M Rinsed three times with acetone Dried in vacuum oven at 60 oC
Added 50 mL Aqua dm, then stored for 1 hour at polimerization temperature
Added 50 mL HCl 1M, then stored for 1 hour at polimerization temperature
20 mmol of Aniline
25 mmol of (NH4)2S2O8
Solution of (NH4)2S2O8
PANI
Solution of Anilin-HCl
PANI HCl (ES)
Stirred for 24 hours at 250 rpm, then filtered
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Blending of TPP/PANI
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PANITPP in
dichloromethane
TPP/PANI Pellets
Concentration of TPP:1. 2.0% (% w/w)2. 1.5% (% w/w)3. 1.0% (% w/w)4. 0.5% (% w/w)
Blending TPP solution into PANI powder,then compressed Into a pellet
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Characterization of TPP/PANI
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TPP/PANI Pellets
UV-Vis Reflectometry
UPS AC Impedance analysis
Data Analysis and Interpretation
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Schematic of UV Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (UPS)
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Focused UV beam He I line (21.22 eV)
Solid sample
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UV Photoemission Spectrometer in IIS/The University of Tokyo
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UV Photoemission Spectrometer in IIS/The University of Tokyo
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tetraphenylporphyrin/Polyaniline Complexes as Optic Active Layer in Organic Optoelectronic Applications
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meso-Tetraphenylporphyrin synthesis
TPP spot
Rf = 0,775
Purple fraction (TPP)
Yellow fraction
Green fraction
Orange fraction
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meso-tetraphenylporphyrin crystals
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UV-VIS absorption and emission spectra of TPP in chloroform
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0
2
4
2,2622,108
1.906 2,98
1,919
Energy (eV)
Abso
rban
ce
Absorpsi
0
50
100
150
∆E = 0,356
TPP in chloroform
Emisi
Inte
nsity
(a.u
)
1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.30.00
0.05
0.10
0.15 1,906 2.262
0
50
100
150
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27 a) As synthesized in silica gel , b) crude extract in chloroform, c) purification using column chromatography, d) several franctions after purification.
meso-Tetra(p-dimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin synthesis
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meso-Tetra(p-dimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin synthesis
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400 500 600 700
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
418
513 545 588 644
669570525
436,5
Abso
rbans
i (a.u)
Panjang gelombang (nm)
TPP TDMAPP (strategi 3)
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meso-Tetra(p-dimethylaminophenyl)porphyrin synthesis
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669570525
436,5
443,8
685,91
400 500 600 700 800 900
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2 Spektrum UV Spektrum Fluoresensi
Panjang gelombang (nm)
Abso
rban
si (a
.u)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Intensitas (a.u)
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Polyaniline synthesis
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UV Photoelectron spectra
0 5 10 15
0
1x103
2x103
3x103
PANI TPP/PANI (0.5 % w/w) TPP/PANI (1.0 % w/w) TPP/PANI (1.5 % w/w) TPP/PANI (2.0 % w/w) Substrate holder TPP Film
Norm
alize
d In
tens
ity (a
.u.)
Binding Energy (eV)
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Surface workfunction
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.04.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
4.70
4.75
4.80
Substrate holder (Ta)
Wor
k Fu
nctio
n (e
V)
[TPP] (%w/w)
PANI (CHCl3)
PANI:TPP (CHCl3)
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UV-Vis reflectance spectra
1 2 3 4 5
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1.67 eV
1.41 eV
3.34 eV
2.72 eV
3.09 eV
F(R)
(a.u
.)
Energy (eV)
TPP/PANI 0.5% TPP/PANI 1.0% TPP/PANI 1.5% TPP/PANI 2.0% TPP PANI
2.87 eV
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Electrical conductivity
102 103 104 105 106
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
σ (S
cm
-1)
Frequency (Hz)
TPP/PANI 0.5% TPP/PANI 1.0% TPP/PANI 1.5% TPP/PANI 2.0% PANI
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CONCLUSIONS
Tetraphenylporphyrin/Polyaniline Complexes as Optic Active Layer in Organic Optoelectronic Applications
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Conclusions Both UPS and UV-Vis reflectance results show that the
presence of TPP in TPP/PANI blend adds some electronic states in PANI valence band.
A certain concentration limit is necessary to alter the properties of the blend significantly with respect to the pure PANI.
Interesting doping feature was also observed in the electrical conductivity as a function of frequency of TPP/PANI blend, where the presence of TPP improved the high frequency part of electrical conductivity significantly.
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Future Plans Ab initio study on the interaction between TPP
and PANI in TPP/PANI blend and its electronic properties.
Photoluminescence measurements of TPP/PANI blends in their resonance wavelengths.
Raman/FTIR measurements to reveal the interaction between TPP and PANI in TPP/PANI blend
Applying TPP/PANI blends as a simple PV device.
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Thank you
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