testing local drinking waters for trace metals · excessive lead (pb) in drinking water has...
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Testing Local Drinking Waters For Trace Metals Bradford, Stephen D.; Johansen, Anne*. Chemistry, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington, 98926.
Abstract The toxicity of many trace metals is well established and depends in large part on dosage and the specific mode of action. Despite the fact that trace metal concentrations in drinking water is strictly regulated, monitoring at point of use is not common practice due to the financial burden and analytical complexity. The recent crisis in Flint, MI, of excessive lead (Pb) in drinking water has provided motivation to investigate our local drinking water for trace metals with a new state-of-the-art instrument, the Agilent 8900 Inductively Coupled Plasma Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (ICP-QQQ or ICP-MS). Samples were collected using a systematic approach. Once three samples were collected from each location, they were acidified using concentrated nitric acid then analyzed. The Agilent 8900 ICP-MS was run with helium in MS/MS mode to remove any potential polyatomic ion interferences. The amounts of trace metals present in the water varied from sample location to sample location.
Methods
Conclusions
Acid Cleaning and Sample Collection • Filled sample bottles with 5% nitric acid and allowed to sit for 24 hours. • Rinsed bottles with 18.2 MΩ water three times.
• Collected water from sample source after allowing water to run for 30 seconds. • Analyzed samples for Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Cr, V, Co, Ni, Ag, Cd, Ti, As, Se, Zn, Cu, Mn,
Ba, Pb, As, Mo, Th, U.
Agilent 8900 ICP-QQQ
The amount of trace metals found in the drinking water in Ellensburg, WA, varied somewhat from sampling location to sampling location. Concentrations of tested elements were well below EPA drinking water standards and WHO guidelines (see Tables to the left). Significant variations were found for copper, zinc, manganese, iron, and lead. Barge Hall, one of the oldest buildings located on campus had the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, and iron. A small, yet significant amount of lead was found in one of three water samples collected from Stephen-Whitney Hall, a residence hall on campus. The same sample also contained high nickel. Concentrations for most other elements were relatively consistent from sample to sample.
Data
0 0.05
0.1 0.15
0.2 0.25
0.3 0.35
24 M
g ]
24
Mg
[ He
] 27
Al
27
Al [
He
] 45
Sc
4
5 S
c [ H
e ]
52 C
r
52
Cr [
He
] 53
Cr
53 C
r [ H
e ]
55 M
n
55
Mn
[ He
] 11
8 S
n
118
Sn
[ He
] 13
7 B
a
137
Ba
[ He
] 20
6 P
b
206
Pb
[ He
] 20
7 P
b
207
Pb
[ He
] 20
8 P
b
208
Pb
[ He
] 23
2 Th
2
32 T
h [ H
e ]
ppb
Minor Components
H20 Wash Acid Wash
0 0.05
0.1 0.15
0.2 0.25
0.3 0.35 0.4
9 B
e
47 T
i
51 V
60
Ni
62
Ni
63
Cu
65
Cu
71
Ga
72
Ge
75
As
85
Rb
88
Sr
90
Zr
95 M
o
118
Sn
133
Cs
13
9 L
a
140
Ce
14
6 N
d 14
7 S
m
172
Yb
17
8 H
f
238
U
ppb
Trace Components
H20 Wash Acid Wash MCLG = Maximum Contaminant Level Goal MCL = Maximum Contaminant Level
EPA: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
World Health Organization Guideline Values
Contaminant MCLG (ppb) MCL (ppb)
Arsenic 0 10
Barium 2000 2000
Beryllium 4 4
Cadmium 5 5
Chromium 100 100
Copper 1300 1300
Lead 0 15
Selenium 50 50
Thallium (Tl) 0.5 2
Chemical Guideline Value (ppb)
Arsenic 10
Barium 700
Cadmium 3
Chromium 50
Copper 2000
Lead 10
Manganese 400
Molybdenum 70
Selenium 10
Nickel 70
Uranium 15
Guideline values for naturally occurring inorganic chemicals that are of health significance in drinking-water
Effect of Acid Cleaning on Sampling Vials
*to whom correspondence should be sent: [email protected]
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
Na Mg K Ca
ppb
Major Components
Public Library Police Station Barge Hall Dean Hall Stephen-Whitney Hall North Hall Mcconnell Hall Public Safety Building City Hall Hebeler Hall Grove Shaw Smyser Kittitas Courthouse Brooks Library
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Cr Mn Fe Ni As Se Mo Ag Cd Pb Th U
ppb
Trace Components
Public Library Police Station Barge Hall Dean Hall Stephen-Whitney Hall North Hall Mcconnell Hall Public Safety Building City Hall Hebeler Hall Grove Apartments Shaw Smyser Kittitas Courthouse Brooks Library
9.80 ppb 43.85 ppb
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
V Cu Zn Ba
ppb
Minor Components
Public Library Police Station Barge Hall Dean Hall Stephen-Whitney Hall North Hall Mcconnell Public Safety Building City Hall Hebeler Hall Grove Apartments Shaw Smyser Kittitas Courthouse Brooks Library
88.89 ppb
6.23 ppb