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Connecting the World

Testing and Implementation of a Fatigue Monitor System for Haul

Truck Operators

Mark W Bartlett, Ph.D.

Program Objectives

Identify and implement a tool for haul truck drivers that:- Reduces or eliminates fatigue-related injuries and

fatalities- Reduces accidents and equipment damage

Following evaluation period, apply tool where most effective

Why do We Need a Fatigue Monitoring Tool?

Everyone has probably fallen asleep while drivingDriver fatigue is a major source of property damage and serious haul truck serious incidentsTo protect ourselves from the other “tired” driverTo know when to ask for reliefTo know when we are seriously distracted from drivingTo measure improvements in sleep incidents based on shift changes and interventionTo help prevent incidents like the following:

Probable Fatigue Accidents

Known Fatigue Accidents

Large Equipment Statistics High Altitude Mine 2006-2009

128

17

131

22

109

20

96

18

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

105

120

135

2006 2007 2008 2009

HE Acc. vs Sleepy Acc.

Total Eqp Acc. Total Sleeping Acc.

Accident Times

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

23-2

4

24-1 1-2

2-3

3-4

4-5

5-6

6-7

7-8

8-9

9-10

10-1

1

11-1

2

12-1

3

13-1

4

14-1

5

15-1

6

16-1

7

17-1

8

18-1

9

19- 2

0

20-2

1

21- 2

2

22-2

3

Sleepy Acc. - TimeJan 2006 - 27 Nov 2009

8

The DSS Technology

The Technology

Cat 793 Installation

The Technology

1. Microsleeps > 4 mph / 2.0s

2. Distraction > 14 mph / 6.0s

Cab Integration

DSSAudio Warning

Sensor

Microsleep Detection

Drowsy Eyes

Driver

Seat Vibration

Supervisor Integration

DSS

Microsleep

DriverDispatcher/Supervisor

Intervention

Wireless Communications

MicrosleepEventDisplay

Data Server

13

The DSS Technology

Safford Data

Fatigue Events by Hour of Day n 

Hour of Day

Hour 1 = 1:00 AM –

1:59:59 AM

Speed (mph)

Fatigue Events Frequency by Speed

n = 3,286

n = 3,286

Longitude, East

GPS Location of Fatigue Events

Distraction Events (11/23/09 - 4/11/10)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Count

Week

Event Count by Weekn = 9,607

Alarms were turned off from the evening of January 2nd

through Feb 26th.

0

12

345

678

Seco

nds

Date

Average Distraction Duration Over Timen = 9,607

People

Technology Process

Change Management Plan

TechnologyTest to make sure it works

False positives/eye glass interference

Work with IS to get real-time info Trial with supportive mine site

ProcessDesign real-time intervention planAssign roles & responsibilitiesAnticipate problems & responses

PeopleComplete stakeholder analysisFormulate communications planSite management commitmentTell operators everything Do what we say we are going to do

Success

People – Communicated Message

We want everyone to go home to their family wholeDriver fatigue is a major source of property damage and serious haul truck serious incidentsWe run 12-hour shifts 24/7, but what are the best/safest shift hours? - Need to measure to improve

Employees will not be fired for falling asleep while drivingOperators will be disciplined for tampering with deviceOperators may be disciplined for PPE violations

The Process

Intervention StrategyAsk operator to call dispatch if fatigue alarm soundsFirst two events handled by dispatcher and operatorPit supervisor involved at 3rd confirmed micro-sleep- Park up truck/conversation with driver- Put driver back on if alert; provide nap if needed

Any further confirmed events- Assign other work if necessary

Tampering with deviceDispatcher call to clear viewProgressive discipline process

PPE/Policy violationsProgressive discipline process

DSS

Micro-sleep

Dispatcher/Supervisor

Intervention

Wireless Communications

Micro-sleepEventDisplay

Legal, Safety & HR Concerns

Questions?Will MSHA approve and will they use our data against us?Expectations of privacy?Consistency in application of intervention process by supervisors?

AnswersProactive measure to improve employee safetyExperimental at this timeEmployee’s responsibility to remain alert and exercise sufficient motor skills, coordination, and mental attention to do the job safelyStrategy and procedures will be uniformly applied at all sites

Fatigue and Distraction Events(By Week, Normalized)

Both Alarms On

Distraction Alarms Off

Both Alarms

Both Alarms On  +  FMP ImplementedDistraction Threshold Raised

n = 3,286

Micro-Sleeps By Shift Rotation

Fatigue Monitor Results

Challenges – Tracking

Drivers cannot be tracked all the time- Tracking usually 60-80%

Why not?- PPE interference

- Dust masks & certain eye wear interfere- Short/Tall drivers- Driver movement in/out of FOV- High contrast AM/PM light- Facial hair- Cell phones/Personal entertainment devices- Tampering

Conclusions

The DSS system works most of the time for most operatorsProvides “virtual” driving buddy for the operatorCan provide site supervision near real-time notice of potential fatigued operatorsHighly effective if used with supervisor intervention procedureThe communications plan about the technology and how it will be used is criticalComplete management support and ownership of the process (from the mine manager to front-line supervisor)Your own test data is helpful (including the video clips) in showing other drivers the issueConsequences are clearly defined; do what you say you are going to doListen to complaints and fix issues/problems earlySite champions required

Conclusions

However

Not a Fatigue Management System, just one componentGPS dependent; no notification or alarm if GPS disabled or unavailableFacial hair, some safety glasses, and tampering will limit % of tracking

Questions?