test tasks for the preparation of the section peripheral...

Test tasks for the preparation of the section "Peripheral nervous system. Sense organs"

1 Anatomical components of the peripheral part of the autonomic nervous system (pars autonomica systematis nervosa peripherici) are among

others:

* autonomic/visceral ganglia (gg. autonomici/viscerales)

* sympathetic trunks(.truncisympathici)

* autonomic/visceral plexuses(plexus autonomici/viscerales)

splanchnic nerves (nervi splanchnici)

spinal nerves (nn. spinales)

2 The main feature of the autonomic reflex arch is that:

* its efferent part is bineuronal

its efferent part is unineuronal

its afferent part is bineuronal

its efferent part is bineuronal in sympathetic and unineuronal in parasympathetic divisions

its afferent part is bineuronal in sympathetic and unineuronal in parasympathetic divisions

3 Anatomical structures related to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (pars sympathica systematis nervosa autonomici) are

among others:

* white rami communicantes (ramus communicans albus)

* great splanchnic nerves (nervus splanchnicus major)

* gray rami communicantes (ramus communicans griseus)

* lumbar splanchnic nerves (n. splanchnicus lumbalis)

recurrent nerves (n. recurrens)

4 The parasympathetic postganglionic fibers (neurofibrae postganglionicae) originate:

* in intramural ganglia (gg. intramurale)

* in the near-organ ganglia

in the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk (gg.trunci sympathici)

in the spinal cord (medulla spinalis)

in the autonomic nuclei of the brainstem

5 The nuclei that compose the central part of the autonomic nervous system are among others:

* sacral parasympathetic nuclei(nucleusparasympathicussacralis)

* superior salivary nuclei(nucleussalivatoriussuperior)

* inferior salivary nuclei(nucleussalivatoriusinferior)

* intermediolateral nuclei(nucleusintermediolateralis)

nucleiambiguus(nucleus ambiguous)

6 The nuclei of the cranial part (pars cranialis) of the parasympathetic nervous system are:

* dorsal/posterior nucleus of the vagus nerve (nucleus dorsalis/posterior n. vagi)

* inferior salivary nucleus (nucleus salivatorius inferior)

* superior salivary nucleus (nucleus salivatorius superior)

* accessory nucleus of oculomotor nerve ( nucleus accessories n.oculomotorii)

solitary nucleus (nucleus tractus solitarii)

7 The higher (supra-segmental) centers of the autonomic nervous system are among others:

* hypothalamus (hypothalamus)

* reticular formation (formationreticularis)

geniculate bodies (corpora geniculata)

fornix (fornix)

basal nuclei (nuclei basales)

8 The sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate:

* in the lateral horns of the spinal cord (cornulaterale)

in the midbrain (mesencephalon)

in the medulla oblongata (medullaoblongata)

in the sacral segments of the spinal cord (medullaspinalis)

in the anterior horns of the spinal cord (cornuanterius)

9 The parasympathetic preganglionic fibers originate:

* in the midbrain (mesencephalon)

* in the medulla oblongata (medullaoblongata)

* in the sacral segmentsof the spinal cord (medullaspinalis)

in the lateral horns of the spinal cord (cornulaterale)

in the posterior horns of the spinal cord (cornuposterius)

10 The nerves coming from the superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale superius) of the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus) are:

* internal carotid nerve (n.caroticusinternus)

* superior cervical cardiac nerve (n. cardiacus cervicalis superior)

* external carotid nerves (nn. caroticiexterni)

* laryngopharyngeal branches (rr. laryngopharyngei)

vertebral nerve (n. vertebralis)

11 The nerves coming from the middle cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale medium) of the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus) are:

* gray ramus communicans (ramus communicans griseus)

* middle cervical cardiac nerve (n.cardiacus cervicalis medius)

jugular nerve (n.jugularis)

laryngopharyngeal branches (rr. laryngopharyngei)

vertebral nerve (n.vertebralis)

12 The nerves coming from the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion (ganglion stellatum) of the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus) are:

* inferior cardiac nerve (n.cardiacus inferior)

* vertebral nerve (n.vertebralis)

superior cardiac nerve (n.cardiacus superior)

external carotid nerve (n. caroticus externus)

internal carotid nerve (n.caroticus internus)

13 The nerves issuing from the thoracic ganglia (gg. thoracica) of the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus) are:

* pulmonary branches (rr. pulmonales thoracici)

* oesophageal branches (rr. oesophageales)

* thoracic cardiac branches (rr.cardiacithoracici)

diaphragmatic nerve (n. phrenicus)

jugular nerve (n.jugularis)

14 The preganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus) via:

* white rami communicantes (rami communicantes albi)

gray rami communicantes (rami communicantes grisei)

intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales)

lesser splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchniciminores)

lumber splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnicilumbales)

15 The nerves issuing from the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus) are:

* gray rami communicantes (rami communicantes grisei)

* great splanchnic nerves (n. splanchnicus major)

* lumber splanchnic nerves (n. splanchnicus lumbalis)

* sacral splanchnic nerves (n. splanchnicus sacralis)

pelvic splanchnic nerves (n. splanchnicus pelvicus)

16 The main source of parasympathetic preganglionic fibers (neurofibrae parasympathicae) to the internal organs are:

* vagus nerves (n.vagus)

spinal nerves (n.spinalis)

white rami communicantes (rami communicantes albi)

great splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus major)

lesser splanchnic nerve (n. splanchnicus minor)

17 The parasympathetic nucleus of the vagus nerve (n.vagus) is:

* dorsal/posterior nucleus (nucleus dorsalis/posterior)

nucleus ambiguus (nucleus ambiguus)

inferior salivatory nucleus ( nucleus salivatorius inf.)

superior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius sup.)

accessory nucleus (nucleus accessorius)

18 Parasympathetic fibers from the sacral parasympathetic nuclei (nuclei parasympathici sacrales) pass later in:

* anterior branches of spinal nerves (r.anterior n.spinalis)

* pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici)

* inferior hypogastric plexus (plexus hypogastricus inferior)

posterior branches of spinal nerves (r.posterior n.spinalis)

sacral splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici sacrales)

19 The sphincter pupillae (m. sphincter pupillae) and the ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) obtain a parasympathetic innervation from:

* ciliary ganglion (ganglion ciliare)

otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatininum)

superior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale sup.)

trigeminal ganglion (ganglion trigeminale)

20 Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers go to the ciliary ganglion (ganglion ciliare) within the branch of the:

* oculomotor nerve (n.oculomotorius)

ophthalmic nerve (n. ophthalmicus)

trochlear nerve (n.trochlearis)

optic nerve (n.opticus)

abducens nerve (n.abducens)

21 Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the ciliary ganglion (ganglion ciliare) within:

* short ciliary nerves (nn. ciliares breves)

lacrimal nerve (n. lacrimalis)

lesser petrosal nerve (n. petrosus minor)

greater petrosal nerve (n. petrosus major)

lesser palatine nerves (nn palatini minores)

22 The submandibular gland (glandula submandibularis) receives the parasympathetic innervation from:

* submandibular ganglion (ganglion submandibulare)

pterygopalatineganglion ( ganglion pterygopalatinum)

superior cervical ganglion ( ganglion cervicale sup.)

otic ganglion (ganglion oticum) of the glossopharyngeal nerve (ganglion superior nervi glossopharyngei)

geniculate ganglion (ganglion geniculi)

23 Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers follow to the submandibular and sublingual ganglia (ganglia submandibulare et sublinguale) within:

* chorda tympani



tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus)

auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)

24 The submandibular salivary gland (glandula submandibularis) receives a parasympathetic innervation from:

* superior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius sup.)

inferior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius inf.)

dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve (nucleus dorsalis n. vagi)

accessory nucleus (Yakubovich) of oculomotor nerve (nucleus accessorius n. oculomotorii)

nucleus of hypoglossal nerve (nucleus n. hypoglossi)

25 The ciliary ganglion is controlled by:

* accessory nucleus (Yakubovich) of oculomotor nerve (nucleus accessorius n. oculomotorii)



solitary nucleus (nucleus solitarius)

nucleus ambiguus

26 The pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum) is controlled by:





nucleus ambiguus

27 The submandibular ganglion (ganglion submandibulare) is controlled by:





nucleus ambiguus

28 The otic ganglion (ganglion oticum) is controlled by:



* inferior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius inf.)


nucleus ambiguus

29 The ciliary ganglion (ganglion ciliare):

* islocated in the orbit (orbita)

* is in connection with the oculomotor nerve(n.oculomotorius)

* givesrise to the short ciliary nerves(nn. ciliares breves)

* controlssphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle (m.sphincter pupillae, m.ciliaris)

controls the external muscles of the eye

30 The pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum):

* is located in the pterygopalatine fossa (fossapterygopalatina)

* is in connection with the gteater petrosal nerve (n. petrosus major)

* innervatesthe lacrimal gland and the glands of nasal and oral mucosae

innervates the lacrimal gland, the glands of nasal and oral mucosae, the greater salivary glands

is in connection with the glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus)

31 Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands originate in:


pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum)


geniculate ganglion (ganglion geniculi)

ciliary ganglion (ganglion ciliare)

32 The superior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius sup.) is a center for innervation of:

* submandibular gland (glandula submandibularis)

* lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)

* glands of the nasal mucosa

* sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis)

parotid gland (glandula parotidea)

33 The chorda tympani (chorda tympani):

* is a branch of the intermediate nerve (n. intermedius)

is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus)

* contains the fibers of taste sensitivity and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to the submandibular ganglion (ganglion submandibulare)

* joins the lingual nerve (n.lingualis)

contains the fibers of taste sensitivity and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to the otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

34 Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the posterior regions of nasal mucosa come from:

* pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglionpterygopalatinum)

ciliary ganglion (ganglionciliare)

submandibular ganglion (ganglionsubmandibulare)

otic ganglion (ganglionoticum)

sublingual ganglion (ganglionsublinguale)

35 Parotid gland (glandula parotidea) receives parasympathetic innervation from:

* otic ganglion(ganglionoticum)

submandibular ganglion (ganglionsubmandibulare)

ciliary ganglion(ganglionciliare)

pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglionpterygopalatinum)

geniculateganglion (gangliongeniculi)

36 Anatomical structures involved in innervation of the parotid gland (glandula parotidea) are:

* otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

* lesser petrosal nerve (n. petrosus minor)

* inferior salivary nucleus (nucleus salivatorius inferior)

submandibular ganglion (ganglion submandibulare)

superior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius superior)

37 Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the parotid gland (glandula parotidea) via:

* auriculotemporal nerve (n. auriculotemporalis)

maxillary nerve (n. maxillaris)



chorda tympani

38 Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the otic ganglion (ganglion oticum) passing in:

* glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus)

* tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus)



mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis)

39 The nerves entering the abdominal aortic plexus (plexus aorticus abdominalis) are:

* greater splanchnic nerves(nn. splanchnici majores)

* lesser splanchnic nerves(nn. splanchnici minores)

* lumbar splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici lumbales)

* posterior vagal trunk(truncus vagalis post.)

lower intercoistal nerves (nn. intercostales)

40 The coeliac plexus (plexus coeliacus):

is one of the somatic plexuses

* lies on the abdominal aorta ( aorta abdominalis)

* surrounds the coeliac trunk (truncus coeliacus)

* extendsalong the branches of the coeliac trunk (truncus coeliacus)

* containsthecoeliac ganglia (ganglia coeliaca)

41 The coeliac plexus (plexus coeliacus) contains:

* sensory nerve fibers (neurofibrae sensoriae)

* preganglionicparasympathetic fibers (neurofibrae parasympatheticae preganglionicae)

* preganglionic sympathetic fibers (neurofibrae sympatheticae preganglionicae)

* postganglionic sympathetic fibers (neurofibrae sympatheticae postganglionicae)

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers (neurofibrae parasympatheticae postganglionicae)

42 Principally the bodies of sympathetic visceral motor neurons are located in:

* paravertebral ganglia

* prevertebral ganglia

spinal ganglia

intramuralganglia

insidethe central nervous system

43 Principally the bodies of parasympathetic visceral motor neurons are located in:

paravertebral ganglia

prevertebral ganglia

spinal ganglia

* intramural ganglia

inside the central nervous system

44 The formations innervated directly via coeliac plexus (plexus coeliacus) are mostly:

* organs of the upper storey of the abdominal cavity

organs of the lower storey of the abdominal cavity

pelvic organs

thoracic organs

abdominal walls

45 The bodies of neurons providing the sensory innervation of the stomach (gaster) are located in:

* spinal ganglia (ganglia spinalia)

* ganglia of vagus nerve

coeliac ganglia (ganglia coeliaca)

gangliaof sympathetic trunk (truncus sympaticus)

intramural ganglia

46 The bodies of visceral motor neurons providing the sympathetic innervation of the liver (hepar) are located in:

ganglia of sympathetic trunk (truncus sympaticus)

ganglia of vagus nerve

* coeliac ganglia (ganglia coeliaca)

spinal ganglia (ganglia spinalia)

intramural ganglia

47 The dorsal/posterior nucleus of the vagus nerve (nucleus dorsalis/posterior n. vagi) provides the parasympathetic innervation among other

organs of:

* pharynx (pharynx)

* heart (cor)

* stomach (gaster)

* transverse colon (colon transversum)

sigmoid colon (colonsigmoideum)

48 Sources of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the heart are:

* dorsal/posterior nucleus of the vagus nerve (nucleus dorsalis/posterior n. vagi)

* intermediolateral nucleus (nucleus intermediolateralis)

superior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius superior)

inferior salivatory nucleus (nucleus salivatorius inferior)

intermediomedial nucleus (nucleus intermediomedialis)

49 Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the innervation of the pelvic organs compose:

* pelvic splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici pelvici)

lumbar splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici lumbales)

sacral splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici sacrales)

greater splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici majores)

lesser splanchnic nerves (nn. splanchnici minores)

50 Intermediolateral nucleus (nucleus intermedio lateralis):

* composes the lateral column of the spinal cord (columna lateralis medullae spinalis)

* extends from C8 up to L2,3

* provides the sympathetic innervation of all of the internal organs

* is the only sympathetic center

contains the bodies of the visceral motor neurons

51 The principal components of every sensory analyzer are:

* receptor

* conductor

* cortical center

collector

inductor

52 The accessory visual structures are:

* external muscles of the eyeball (musculi externi bulbi oculi)

* eyelids (palpebrae)

* lacrimal apparatus (apparatus lacrimalis)

ciliary body (corpus ciliare)

lens (lens)

53 The wall of the eyeball (bulbus oculi) is composed of:

* fibrous layer (tunica fibrosa)

* vascular layer (tunicavasculosa)

* inner layer/retina (tunica interna/retina)

conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva)

muscular layer (tunica muscularis)

54 The chambers of eyeball (camerae bulbi):

* are anterior and posterior

are medial and lateral

do not communicate with each other

* contain the aqueous humor (humor aquosus)

* communicate with each other via pupil (pupilla)

55 The source of retina embryonic development is:

* neuroectoderm

cutaneous ectoderm

endoderm

mesenchyme

ventral mesoderm

56 Parts of the fibrous layer of the eyeball (tunica fibrosa bulbi) are:

* cornea (cornea)

* sclera (sclera)

iris (iris)

ciliary body (corpusciliare)

conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva)

57 Parts of the vascular layer (tunica vasculosa bulbi) are:

* iris (iris)

* ciliary body (corpusciliare)

* choroid (choroidea)

orbiculusciliaris (orbiculus ciliaris)

ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

58 The refractive media of the eyeare:

* cornea (cornea)

* lens (lens)

* vitreous body (corpus vitreum)

* aqueous humour (humoraquosus)


59 The most dynamic of the refractive media of the eye is:

cornea (cornea)

* lens (lens)

vitreous body (corpus vitreum)

aqueous humour (humor aquosus)


60 The degree of eye lens curvature increases:

* in contraction of ciliary muscle (m.ciliaris)

in relaxation of ciliary muscle (m.ciliaris)

in tension of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

* in relaxation of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

in contraction of sphincter pupillae (m.sphincter pupillae)

61 The ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris):

* is a circular transparent ligament

* retains the lens in its place

* is involved in accommodation

* joins the lens and ciliary body (corpus ciliare)

is richly vascularized

62 Aqueous humour (humor aquosus) of the eye:

* is produced by ciliary processes (processus ciliares) of the ciliary body (corpus ciliare)

* participates in maintenance of intraocular pressure

moves from the anterior to the posterior eye chamber

* moves from the posterior to the anterior eye chamber

* is reabsorbed from the iridocorneal angle (angulus iridocornealis)

63 The vitreous body is an anatomical structure that is:

* located behind the lens

* transparent gelatinous mass

* devoid of blood vessels and nerves

located in front of the lens

richlyvascularized and innervated

64 Outflow of aqueous humour (humor aquosus) from the chambers of the eye is carried out mostly in:

* scleral venous sinus (sinus venosus sclera)

vessels of the ciliary processus (processus ciliares)

vessels of the retina

vessels of conjunctiva (tunica conjunctiva)

vesselsof iris (iris)

65 The boundary between the visual (pars optica) and nonvisual (pars caeca retinae) parts of the retina is:

* ora serrata (ora serrata)

corneal limbus (limbus cornea)

central fossa (fovea centralis)

optic disk (discusnervioptici)

ciliary body (corpusciliare)

66 The area of the optimal vision in the retina is:

* macula (macula lutea)

optic disk (dicusnervioptici)

ora serrata (ora serrata)

corneal limbus (limbus cornea)

orbiculus ciliaris (orbiculus ciliaris)

67 The extrinsic muscle of eyeball that does't originate from the common tendinous ring (anulus tendineus communis) is:

* superior rectus (m. rectus superior)

* inferior rectus (m. rectus inferior)

* lateral rectus (m. rectus lateralis)

* superior oblique (m. obliquus superior)

inferior oblique (m. obliquus inferior)

68 The motor innerevation of the extrinsic muscles of eyeball is provided by:

* oculomotor nerve (n.oculomotorius)

* trochlear nerve (n. trochlearis)

* abducent nerve (n. abducens)

trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus)

facial nerve (n. facialis)

69 Trochlear nerve (n. trochlearis) innervates muscle:


superior rectus (m. rectus superior)

inferior rectus (m. rectus inferior)

medial rectus (m. rectus medialis)


70 The abducens nerve (n. abducens) innervates the muscle:

* lateral rectus (m. rectus lateralis)



superior oblique (m. obliquus superior)


71 The oculomotor nerve (n.oculomotorius) innervates the muscles:


* inferior rectus (m. rectus inferior)

* medial rectus (m. rectusmedialis)

* inferior oblique (m. obliquus inferior)

superior oblique (m. obliquus superior)

72 The lacrimal apparatus includes:

* lacrimal gland (glandulalacrimalis)

* lacrimal canaliculi(canaliculilacrimales)

* lacrimal sac (saccuslacrimalis)

* nasolacrimal duct (ductusnasolacrimalis)

spaces of iridocorneal angle (spatiaanguli iridocornealis)

73 The lacrimal gland is located in the:

* superolateral corner of orbit

superomedial corner of orbit

inferolateral corner of orbit

inferomedial corner of orbit

in the thickness of upper eyelid (palpebra sup.)

74 The excretory ducts of the lacrimal gland open into:

* superior conjunctival fornix (fornix conjunctivae sup.)

inferior conjunctival fornix (fornix conjunctivae inf.)

anterior chamber of eyeball (camera ant.)

posterior chamber of eyeball (camera post.)

spaces of iridocorneal angle (spatia anguli iridocornealis)

75 The outflow of tear fluid is carried out finally in:

* inferior nasal meatus (meatusnasiinf.)

middle nasal meatus (meatusnasi medius)

superior nasal meatus (meatusnasi sup.)anterior chamber of the eye

anterior chamber of eyeball (camera ant.)

oralvestible (vestibulum oris)

76 The central artery of retina (a. сentralis retinae):

* is a branch of the ophthalmic artery (a. ophthalmica)

* belongs to the system of the internal carotid artery (a. carotis int.)

* penetrates into retina through the optic disc (discus n. optici)

* is deprived of any extraretinal anastomoses

is rich in extraretinal anastomoses

77 The ophthalmic veins (vv. ophthalmicae) are tributaries of the:

* system of internal jugular veins (vv.jugulares int.)

system of external jugular veins (vv.jugulares ext.)

system of anterior jugular veins (vv.jugulares ant.)

facial veins(vv.faciales)

* cavernous sinus (sinus cavernosus)

78 Afferent innervationof the eyeball proper is provided by:

* trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus)

optic nerve (n. opticus)

oculomotor nerve (n.oculomotorius)


trochlear nerve (n. trochlearis)

79 Postganglionic sympathetic fibers innervating dilater pupillae (m. dilatator pupillae) originate in:

* superior cervical ganglion (g.cervicale superius)

trigeminal ganglion (g.trigeminale)

stellate ganglion (g.stellatum)

pterygopalatine ganglion (g.pterygopalatinum)

ciliary ganglion (g.ciliare)

80 Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers innervating sphincter pupillae (m. sphincter pupillae) originate in:

* ciliary ganglion (g.ciliare)

trigeminal ganglion (g.trigeminale)

stellate ganglion (g.stellatum)

pterygopalatine ganglion (g.pterygopalatinum)

superior cervical ganglion (g.cervicale superius)

81 The accommodation of eye is achieved by changing the curvature of:

* lens (lens)

cornea (cornea)

vitreous body (corpusvitreum)

iris (iris)

sclera (sclera)

82 A clear vision of objects located close to the eye is achieved as a result of:

* contraction of ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and relaxation of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

relaxation of ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and relaxation of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

contractions of ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and tension of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

relaxation of ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and tension of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

pupil narrowing (pupilla)

83 A clear vision of objects located far from the eye is achieved as a result of:

* relaxation of ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and tension of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

contractions ofciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and relaxation of the ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

relaxation of the ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and relaxation of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

contractions of ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris) and tension of ciliary zonule (zonula ciliaris)

pupil expanding (pupilla)

84 Ciliary muscle contraction (m. ciliaris) is controlled by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers originating in:

* ciliary ganglion (g. ciliare)

trigeminal ganglion (g. trigeminale)

stellate ganglion (g. stellatum)

pterygopalatine ganglion (g. pterygopalatinum)

superior cervical ganglion (g. cervicale superius)

85 The change in the diameter of the pupil is provided by the muscles:

* sphincter pupillae (m. sphincter pupillae)

* dilatator pupillae (m. dilatator pupillae)

ciliary muscle (m. ciliaris)



86 Optic nerve (n. opticus) enters the cranial cavity through:

* optic canal (canalis opticus)

superior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis sup.)

inferior orbital fissure (fissura orbitalis inf.)

supraorbital notch (incisura supraorbitalis)

infraorbital canal (canalis infraorbitalis)

87 Optic chiasm (chiasma opticum) is formed by:

* medial fibers of both optic nerves (n. opticus)

lateral fibers of both optic nerves (n. opticus)

all fibers of both optic nerves (n. opticus)

medial fibers of both optic tracts (tractus opticus)

lateral fibers of both optic tracts (tractus opticus)

88 The main constituent parts of ear (auris) are:

* external ear (auris externa)

* inner ear (auris interna)

* middle ear (auris media)

vestibule (vestibulum)

mastoid antrum (antrum mastoideum)

89 External ear (auris externa) consists of:

* auricle (auricula)

* external acustic meatus (meatus acusticus ext.)

vestibule (vestibulum)


auditory tube (tubaauditiva)

90 External acustic meatus (meatus acusticus ext.) is:

* a derivative of the 1-st pharyngeal [branchial] cleft

* composed of cartilaginous and bony parts

rectilinear in its course

* curved in its course

lined with mucosa (tunica mucosa)

91 Parts of the tympanic membrane (membrana tympanica):

* pars tensa

* pars flaccida

pars muscularis

pars cartilaginea

pars membranaceus

92 The main parts of the middle ear (auris media) are:

* tympanic cavity (cavitastympani)

* auditory [eustachian] tube (tuba auditiva)

internal acustic meatus (meatus acusticus int.)

bony labyrinth (labyrinthus osseus)


93 The anterior wall of the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani):

is referred to as the tegmental wall (paries tegmentalis)

* is referred to as the carotid wall (paries caroticus)

* containsthe tympanic opening of the auditory tube (ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae)

* bordersthe carotid canal (canalis caroticus)

is referred to as the membranous wall (paries membranaceus)

94 The labyrinthine wall (paries labyrinthicum) of the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani) has:

* ovale window (fenestra vestibuli)

* promontory (promontorium)

* round window(fenestra cochleae)

aditus to mastoid antrum(aditus ad antrum mastoideum)

tympanic opening of the auditory tube (ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae)

95 The posterior wall of the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani):

is referred to as the tegmental wall (paries tegmentalis)

* is referred to as the mastoid wall (paries mastoideus)

borders the internal jugular vein (v.jugularis int.)

borders the bony labyrinth (labyrinthus osseus)

* borders the mastoid antrum (antrum mastoideum)

96 In the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani) are located:

* auditory ossicles (ossicula auditus)

* muscles of auditory ossicles (musculi ossiculorum auditus)

* air

membranous labyrinth (labyrinthus membranaceus)

perilymph (perilympha)

97 The muscles of auditory ossicles (musculi ossiculorum auditus):

* arestriated in their nature

aresmooth in their nature

* are derivatives of visceral arches

are derivatives of cephalic myotomes

* regulatethe sound conduction through the ossicleschain

98 Parts of the auditory tube (tuba auditiva) are:

* cartilaginous part (pars cartilaginea)

* bony part (pars ossea)

intracranial part (pars intracranialis)

membranous part (pars membranaceus)

muscular part (pars muscularis)

99 The auditory tube (tuba auditiva):

* connects the tympanic cavity and nasopharynx

* assures an equilibrium of the intratympanic and atmospheric air pressure

is permanently opened in an adult

* in adult opens in swallowing only

* opens under action of the soft palate muscles

100 The auditory tube (tuba auditiva) opens in contraction of:

* tensor veli palatini (m. tensorvelipalatini)

* levator veli palatini (m. levatorvelipalatini)

suprahyoidmuscles(mm. suprahyoidei)

infrahyoidmuscles(mm. infrahyoidei)

stapedius (m. stapedius)

101 Parts of bony labyrinth (labyrinthusosseus) are:

* semicircular canals (canalessemicirculares)

* cochlea (cochlea)

* vestibule (vestibulum)

cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis)

ellipticalrecess/ utricle (recessus ellipticus/utriculus)

102 The main constituent parts of membranous labyrinth (labyrinthus membranaceus) are:

* utricle (utriculus)

* saccule (sacculus)

* semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares)

* cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis)

scala tympani (scala tympani)

103 The space between the bony and membranous labyrinthus (labyrinthus osseus, membranaceus):

* is referred as perilymphatic space (spatium perilymphaticum)

is referred as endolymphatic space (spatium endolymphaticum) episcleral space (spatium episclerale)

* includes scala tympani and scala tympani (scala vestibuli, scalatympani)

* contains perilymph (perilympha)

communicates largely with the subdural space (spatium subdurale)

104 The acoustic receptor area is situated in the walls of:

* cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis)

semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares)

utricle (utriculus)

saccule (sacculus)

scala vestibuli (scala vestibuli)

105 The vestibular receptor area are situated in the walls of:

cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis)

* semicircular ducts (ductus semicirculares)

* utricle (utriculus)

* saccule (sacculus)

scala vestibuli (scala vestibuli)

106 The cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis) divides the cochlear spiral canal of cochlea (canalis spiralis cochleae) into:

* scala vestibuli (scala vestibuli)

* scala tympani (scala tympani)

endolymphatic duct (ductus endolymphaticus)

perilymphatic duct (ductus perilymphaticus)

cochlear aqueduct (aqueductuscochlea)

107 Cochlea duct (ductus cochlearis) is filled with:

* endolymph (endolympha)

perilymph (perilympha)

cerebrospinal fluid (liquor cerebrospinalis)

aqueous humor (humor aquosus)

tear fluid

108 The receptor cells of the vestibular pathways are located:

* at crista ampullaris (cristae ampullares)

* in the macula of utricle (macula utriculi)

* in the macula of saccule (macula sacculi)

in the wall of cochlear duct (ductus cochlearis)

in internal acousticmeatus (meatus acusticus internus)

109 Hair cells of crista ampullaris (cristae ampullaris) perceive:

* angular head accelerations

static positioning of head

static positioning of trunk

rectilinear head accelerations

angular accelerations of trunk

110 The hair cells of utricle and saccule maculae (maculae utriculi et sacculi) perceive:

* static positioning of head

* rectilinear head accelerations

static positioning of trunk

angular head accelerations

angular accelerations of trunk

111 The bodies of the second neurons of the vestibular tracts (trr. vestibulares) compose:

* vestibular nuclei of the brainstem (nuclei vestibulares)

solitarynucleus (nucleus solitarius)

vestibular ganglion (ganglion vestibulare)

ambiguus nucleus (nucleus ambiguus)

cuneate nucleus(nucleus cuneatus)

112 The bodies of the first neurons of the acoustic pathways compose:

* spiral ganglion (ganglion spirale cochleae)

vestibular nuclei of brainstem (nuclei vestibulares)


cochlear nuclei of brainstem (nuclei cochleares)


113 The bodies of the 2nd neurons of the auditory pathway compose:

* dorsal cochlearnucleus (nucleus cochlearis dorsalis)

* ventral cochlearnucleus (nucleus cochlearis ventralis)

spiral ganglion (ganglion spirale cochleae)


trapezoidbody (corpus trapezoideum)

114 The bodies of the 3rd neurons of the auditory pathway are located in:

* inferior colliculi (colliculi inf.)

* medial geniculate bodies (corpora geniculata med.)

superior colliculi (colliculi sup.)

lateral geniculate bodies (corpora geniculata lat.)

red nucleus (nucleus ruber)

115 The axons of the 2nd neurons of the auditory pathway form:

* lateral lemniscus (lemniscus lateralis)

* trapezoid body (corpus trapezoideum)

* medullarystriae of fourh ventricle (striae medullares ventriculi quarti)

medial longitudinal fasciculus (fasciculus longitudinalis medialis)

medial lemniscus (lemniscus medialis)

116 Cortical representation of the auditory analyzer is located in:

* intransverse temporal gyri (gyri temporales transversae)

in the precentral gyrus (gyrus precentralis)

in the postcentral gyrus (gyrus postcentralis)

in the lingual gyrus (gyrus lingualis)

in the straight gyrus (gyrus rectus)

117 The oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius) passes through the wall of the cavernous sinus (sinus cavernosus) together with:


* ophthalmic nerve (n. ophthalmicus)

* abducent (n. abducens)

* oculomotor neerve (nervus oculomotorius)

optic nerve (n. opticus)

118 The infeior oblique (m.obliquus inferior) is innervated by:

* oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius)

infraorbital nerve (n. infraorbitalis)



abducent (n. abducens)

119 The oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius) innervates among other extra-ocular muscles:

* levator palpebrae superioris (m. levator palpebrae superioris)


* inferior oblique (m. obliquus inferior)

orbicularis oculi (m. orbicularis oculi)

lateral rectus (m. rectus lateralis)

120 The oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius) after leaving the brain contains:

* somatic motor fibers

* preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

preganglionic sympathetic fibers

sensory fibers

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

121 Trochlear nerve (n. trochlearis) innervates:


levator palpebrae superioris (m. levator palpebrae superioris)




122 The superior oblique muscle (m. obliquus superior) is innervated by:



oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius)


abducent neerve (n. abducens)

123 The lateral rectus (m. rectus lateralis) is innervated by:

* abducent nerve (n. abducens)


oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius)



124 The abducent nerve (n. abducens) innervates:

* lateral rectus muscle (m. rectus lateralis)

levator palpebrae superioris (m. levator palpebrae superioris)




125 The trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus):

* is embryonically associated with the 1-st pharyngeal [branchial] arch

is embryonically associated with the 3-rd pharyngeal [branchial] arch

* is mixed in its fibre composition

* its system is largely represented in the cephalic region

* possesses numerous anastomoses with other nerve structures

126 The system of the 1-st branch of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus) possesses the connection with:

* ciliary ganglion (ganglion ciliare)

* pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum)


sublingual ganglion (ganglion sublinguale)


127 The system of the 2-nd branch of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus) possesses the connection with:


* pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum)


sublingual ganglion(ganglion sublinguale)

otic ganglion(ganglion oticum)

128 The system of the 3-rd branch of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus) possesses the connections with:




* sublingual ganglion (ganglion sublinguale)

* otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

129 The terminal branches of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus) are:

* maxillary nerve (n. maxillaris)

* mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis)


chorda tympani (chorda tympani)


130 Tensor tympani (m. tensor tympani)and tensor veli palatini (m. tensor veli palatini) being the derivatives of the 1-st pharyngeal [branchial] arch

are innervated by:

* trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus)

vagus nerve (n. vagus)

hypoglossal nerve (n. hypoglossus)


glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus)

131 The mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis) provides the motor innervation of:

* masticatory muscles (mm. masticatorii)

* anterior belly of digastric (m. digastricus, venter ant.)

* mylohyoid muscle (m. mylohyoideus)

facial [mimic] muscles (mm. faciei]

posterior belly of digastric (m. digastricus, venter post.)

132 The skin of the face is innervated by the branches of:

* ophthalmic nerve (n.ophthalmicus)




accessory nerve (n. accessorius)

133 The motor root of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus) innervates among others:

* temporalis (m. temporalis)

* mylohyoid (m. mylohyoideus)

orbicularis oris (m. orbicularis oris)

stylohyoid (m. stylohyoideus)

* tensor tympani (m. tensor tympani)

134 The terminal branches of the ophthalmic nerve (n. ophthalmicus) are:

* nasociliary nerve (n. nasociliaris)

* frontal nerve (n. frontalis)

* lacrimal nerve (n. lacrimalis)

supra-orbital nerve (n. supraorbitalis)

infra-orbital nerve (n. infraorbitalis)

135 The sensory innervation of the nasal mucosa in provided by the branches of:



mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis)



136 The sensory innervation of the oral mucosa in provided by the branches of:






137 The trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus) leaves the brain:

via the cerebral peduncle (pedunculus cerebri)

in the pontocerebellar angle

via the quadrigeminal plate (lamina quadrigemina, lamina tecti)

* via the middle cerebellar peduncle (pedunculus cerebellaris medius)

via the pons (pons)

138 The maxillary nerve (n. maxillaris):

* leaves the cranial cavity through foramen rotundum (foramen rotundum)

* terminates in pterygopalatine fossa (fossa pterygopalatina)

is composed of the sensory and motor fibers

* is associated with pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum)

* gives rise to branches that expand via all of the pterygopalatine fossa communications (fossa pterygopalatina)

139 The mandibular nerve (n. mandibularis):

* leaves the cranial cavity through foramen ovale (foramen ovale)

* terminates in infratemporal fossa (fossa infratemporalis)

* is composed of the sensory and motor fibers

* innervates the muscles which are derivatives of the 1-st pharyngeal [branchial] arch

contains the taste fibers from the posterior third of the tongue mucosa

140 The branches of the maxillary nerve (n. maxillaris) are:

* infraorbital nerve (n. infraorbitalis)

* zygomatic nerve (n. zygomaticus)

* posterior nasal branches (rr. nasales posteriores)

supraorbital nerve (n. supraorbitalis)

medial and lateral pterygoid nerves (nn. pterygoidei medialis et lateralis)

141 The branches of the intermediate nerve (n. intermedius) are:

* greater petrosal nerve (n. petrosus major)

* chorda tympani (chorda tympani)

buccal nerve (n. buccalis)

deep petrosal nerve (n. petrosus profundus)


142 The facial nerve (n. facialis):

* composes the common system with the intermediate nerve (n.intermedius)

* leaves the brainstem in the cerebellopontine angle (angulus pontocerebellaris)

* in its exit from the brainstem is in contact to the vestibulocochlear nerve (n. vestibulocochlearis)

* leaves the cranial cavity via the bony canal that pierces the petrous part of temporal bone

innervates the muscles which are derivatives of the 1-st pharyngeal [branchial] arch

143 Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers go to the submandibular ganglion (ganglion submandibulare) in:

* chorda tympani (chorda tympani)



deep petrosal nerve (n. petrosus profundus)

buccal nerve (n. buccalis)

144 The chorda tympani is a branch of the:

* intermediate nerve (n.intermedius)

vestibulocochlear nerve (n. vestibulocochlearis)


vagus nerve (n. vagus)

trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus)

145 The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani are destined to:

* sublingual ganglion (ganglion sublinguale)





146 The taste fibers of the chorda tympani are associated with the taste innervation of:

* anterior two-thirds of the tongue mucosa

posterior third of the tongue mucosa

posterior two-thirds of the tongue mucosa

totality of the tongue mucosa

posterior half of the tongue mucosa

147 The facial nerve (n. facialis) realizes the motor innervation of the following muscles:

* facial muscles

* stapedius (m. stapedius)

* posterior belly (venter posterior) of the digastric (m. digastricus)

* stylohyoid (m. stylohyoideus)

masticatory muscles (mm.masticatorii)

148 The intermediate nerve (n.intermedius) is associated with the secretory innervation of:

* submandibular gland (glandula submsndibularis)

* sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis)

* lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)

* glands of nasal mucosa

parotid gland (glandula parotidea)

149 The greater petrosal nerve (n. petrosus major):

* is a branch of intermediate nerve (n.intermedius)

* originates in the bony facial canal (canalis nervi facialis)

* penetrates into the pterygopalatine fossa (fossa pterygopalatina)

* contains the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion (ganglion pterygopalatinum)

gives rise to the infraorbital nerve (n.infraorbitalis)

150 Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers follow to the otic ganglion (ganglion oticum) as the components of:




chorda tympani (chorda tympani)

* glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus)

151 Tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus):

is a branch of the facial nerve (n. facialis)

* is a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus)

* consists of sensory and parasympathetic fibers

* goes and ramifies in the tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani)

* gives rise to the lesser petrosal nerve (n. petrosus minor)

152 Lesser petrosal nerve (n. petrosus minor):

* is a continuation of the tympanic nerve (n. tympanicus)

* goes to the otic ganglion (ganglion oticum)

* leaves the cranial cavity through the foramen lacerum (foramen lacerum)

leaves the cranial cavity through the foramen caecum (foramen caecum)

goes to the geniculate ganglion (ganglion geniculi)

153 The branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus) are:

* branch to stylopharyngeus (ramus m. stylopharyngei)

* pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngei)

* branch to carotid sinus (ramus sinus carotici)


branches to the external carotid plexus (plexus caroticus externus)

154 The glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus) the secretory innervation of:

* parotid gland (glandula parotis)

lacrimal gland (glandula lacrimalis)

submandibular gland (glandula submsndibularis)

sublingual gland (glandula sublingualis)

glands of nasal mucosa

155 The taste fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus) are associated with the taste innnervation of:

anterior two-thirds of the tongue mucosa

* posterior third of the tongue mucosa

posterior two-thirds of the tongue mucosa

totality of the tongue mucosa

posterior half of the tongue mucosa

156 The branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus) innervate:

* mucosa of the superior parts of pharynx

* mucosa of the palatine tonsil (tonsilla palatina)

* mucosa of the palatine arches (arcus palatoglossus, arcus palatopharyngeus)

* carotid sinus (sinus caroticus)

nasal mucosa

157 The vagus nerve (n. vagus):

* is mixed in its fiber composition

* departs from the medulla oblongata (medulla oblongata)

* leaves the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen (foramen jugulare)

is the nerve of the 2-nd pharyngeal [visceral] arch

is represented in the head and neck only

158 The vagus nerve (n. vagus):

* contains sensory, somatic motor and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

* participates in formation of numerous visceral plexuses in the body cavities

* innervates all the internal organs from the neck up to the left colic flexure (flexura colica sin.)

is the nerve of the 2-nd pharyngeal [visceral] arch

contains only parasympathetic preganglionic fibers

159 The vagus nerve (n. vagus) provides the somatic motor innervation of:

* muscles of the soft palate (palatum molle)

* muscles of pharynx

* muscles of larynx

suprahyoid muscles (mm. suprahyoidei)

infrahyoid muscles (mm. infrahyoidei)

160 The vagus nerve (n. vagus) provides the somatic motor innervation of:

* muscles of the soft palate (palatum molle)

* muscles of pharynx

* muscles of larynx

suprahyoid muscles (mm. suprahyoidei)


161 The superior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus sup.):

* is a direct branch of the vagus nerve (n. vagus)

* innervates the laryngeal mucosa above the rima glottidis (rima glottidis)

* innervates cricothyroid (m. cricothyreoideus)

innervates posterior crico-arytenoid (m. cricoarytenoideus post.)

innervates vocalis (m. vocalis)

162 The inferior laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus inf.):

* is a continuation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus recurrens)

* innervates the laryngeal mucosa below the rima glottidis (rima glottidis)

* innervates the laryngeal muscles excepting the cricothyroid (m. cricothyreoideus)

innervates the laryngeal muscles excepting the posterior crico-arytenoid (m. cricoarytenoideus post.)

is only motor nerve

163 The branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (n. laryngeus recurrens) are:

* tracheal branches (rami tracheales)

* oesophageal branches (rami oesophageales)

* pharyngeal branches (rami pharyngeales)

superior cervical cardiac branches (rami cardiaci cervicales superiores)

inferior cervical cardiac branches (rami cardiaci cervicales inferiores)

164 The branches of the thoracic part of the vagus nerve (n. vagus):

* thoracic cardiac branches (rr. cardiaci thoracici)

* bronchial branches (rr. bronchiales)

* oesophageal branches (rr. oesophageales)

* participate in formation of the visceral autonomic plexuses

participate in innervation of the thoracic walls

165 The cardiac branches of the vagus nerve (n. vagus):

* are variable in their number

originate from the cervical part of the nerve only

originate from the thoracic part of the nerve only

* originate from both cervical and thoracic parts of the nerve

* participate in cardiac plexuses

166 The accessory nerve (n. accessorius):

* is a somatic motor nerve

* forms in fusion of its cranial and spinal roots

* leaves the cranial cavity through the jugular foramen (foramen jugulare)

leaves the cranial cavity through the stylomastoid foramen (foramen stylomastoideum)

innervates the deltoid (m.deltoideus)

167 The accessory nerve (n. accessorius) innervates:

* sternocleidomastoid (m. sternocleidomastoideus)

* trapezius (m. trapezius)


deltoid (m.deltoideus)

splenius (m. splenius)

168 The hypoglossal nerve (n. hypoglossus):

* is a somatic motor nerve

* departs from the medulla oblongata

* leaves the cranial cavity just above the occipital condyle (condilus occipitalis)

* innervates the muscles of tongue (mm. linguae)

provides the sensory innervation of the tongue mucosa

169 Hypoglossal nerve (n. hypoglossus) innervates:

* muscles of tongue (mm. linguae)

muscles of soft palate (palatum molle)

pharyngeal muscles (mm. pharyngis)

laryngeal muscles (mm. laryngis)

laryngeal mucosa (mucosa laryngis)

170 Ansa cervicalis (ansa cervicalis):

is nervous sympathetic loop surrounding the subclavian artery

* is loop-like anastomosis of hypoglossal nerve (n. hypoglossus) and brachial plexus (plexus brachialis)

* commonly lies on the internal jugular vein (v.jugularis int.)

commonly lies on the sternocleidomastoid (m. sternocleidomastoideus)

* innervates the infrahyoid muscles (mm. infrahyoidei)

171 The thoracic spinal nerves (nn. thoracici) contain:

* sensory fibers


* preganglionic sympathetic fibers

* postganglionic sympathetic fibers


172 Principally every of the thoracic spinal nerves (n. spinalis thoracicus) innervates:

total half of its trunk segment together with the included internal organs

all muscles and skin of back and thorax located at the level of its segment

* skin of the anterolateral thoracic wall and autochthonous muscles of thorax (mm. thoracis proprii)

* skin of the back and autochthonous muscles of back (mm. dorsi proprii)

* spinal meninges (meninges spinales)

173 The anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves (nn. thoracici) are represented by:

* intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales)

cardiac plexus (plexus cardiacus)

pulmonary plexus (plexus pulmonalis)

gray rami communicantes (rami communicantes grisei)

coeliac plexus (plexus coeliacus)

174 The intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales) are in their anatomical nature:

* anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves (nn. thoracici)

thoracic spinal nerves (nn. thoracici)

anterior branches of the sympathetic trunk (truncus sympathicus)

branches of the thoracic plexus

posterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves (nn. thoracici)

175 The anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves (nn. thoracici) are composed of:


* sensory fibers


preganglionic parasympathetic fibers


176 The intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales) innervate:

* skin of the anterolateral thoracic wall

* autochthonous muscles of thorax (mm. thoracis proprii)

* skin and muscles of almost totality of the anterolateral abdominal wall

thoracic and abdominal organs

spinal meninges (meninges spinales)

177 Commonly the posterior branches of the spinal nerves (nn. spinales) include:

* sensory fibers





178 The posterior branches of the spinal nerves:

* commonly are mixed in their fiber composition

* innervate skin of back

* innervate autochthonous muscles of back (mm. dorsi proprii)

innervate all muscles of back (mm. dorsi)

* are specific in their fiber composition at the levels of C1, C2

179 Brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) like other somatic plexuses is formed via anastomoses of:

* anterior branches of certain spinal nerves (nn. spinales)

certain spinal nerves (nn. spinales)

branches of the sympathetic trunk

posterior branches of certain spinal nerves (nn. spinales)

anterior roots (radices ant.) of certain spinal nerves (nn. spinales)

180 Brachial plexus (plexus brachialis):

* is formed by anterior branches of spinal nerves C4, C5-C8, Th1

is formed by anterior roots of spinal nerves C4, C5-C8, Th1

* is partly contained in the interscalenic space (spatium interscalenum)

* is embryonically associated with the upper limb development

gives rise to the short and long branches

181 Brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) presents:

* supraclavicular part (pars supraclavicularis)

* infraclavicular part (pars infraclavicularis)

* three trunks (truncus) in its supraclavicular part (pars supraclavicularis)

* three cords [fasciculi] (fasciculi) in its infraclavicular part (pars infraclavicularis)

three branches issuing from the cords [fasciculi] (fasciculi)

182 The medial cord (fasciculus medialis) of the brachial plexus gives rise to:

* ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris)

* medial cutaneous nerve of arm (n. cutaneus brachii medialis)

radial nerve (n. radialis)

* medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (n. cutaneus antebrachii medialis)

musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus)

183 Branches of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) are among others:

* long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus)

* thoracodorsal nerve (n. thoracodorsalis)

* suprascapular nerve (n. suprascapularis)

intercostal nerve (n. intercostalis)

supraclavicular nerve (n. supraclavicularis)

184 The axillary nerve (n. axillaris):

* is a branch of the posterior cord (fasciculus post.) of brachial plexus

* passes in the quadrilateral foramen (foramen quadrilaterum)

* innervates mainly the deltoid (m. deltoideus)

innervates mainly the latissimus dorsi (m. latissimus dorsi)

gives rise to the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (n. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis)

185 The long thoracic nerve (n. thoracicus longus):

* is a branch of the supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus (plexus brachialis)

* descends lying on the serratus anterior (m. serratus anterior)

* innervates the serratus anterior (m. serratus anterior)

innervates the latissimus dorsi (m. latissimus dorsi)

innervates the intercostal muscles (mm. intercostales)

186 The musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus):

* is a branch of the lateral cord (fasciculus lat.) of brachial plexus

* pierces coracobrachialis (m. coracobrachialis)

* innervates the anterior muscle group of the arm

* is continuous with the lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (n. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis)

innervates mainly the deltoid (m. deltoideus)

187 The musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus) innervates:

* coracobrachialis (m. coracobrachialis)

* biceps brachii (m. biceps brachii)

* brachialis (m. brachialis)

triceps brachii (m. triceps brachii)

pronator teres (m. pronator teres)

188 The anterior muscle group of the arm is innervated by:

* musculocutaneous nerve (n. musculocutaneus)

median nerve (n. medianus)

ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris)

axillary nerve (n. axillaris)


189 The posterior muscle group of the arm is innervated by:

* radial nerve (n. radialis)





190 The skin of the posterior surface of the arm is innervated by:






191 The ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris):

* is a branch of the medial cord (fasciculus med.) of brachial plexus

* pierces the medial intermuscular septum of arm (septum intermusculare med.)

* passes behind the medial epicondyle of humerus (epicondylus medialis humeri)

passes later between the muscles of the posterior muscle group of forearm

innervates all of the muscles of hand

192 The ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris):

* in the forearm is located in the ulnar groove (sulcus ulnaris)

* penetrates into hand through the ulnar canal (canalis carpi ulnaris)

* gives rise to common palmar digital nerves (nn. digitales palmares communes)

* provides totally the cutaneous innervation of the 1,5 fingers

provides totally the cutaneous innervation of the 3,5 fingers

193 The ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris) innervates:

* flexor digitorum profundus (m. flexor digitorum profundus)

* dorsal and palmar interossei of hand (mm. interossei dorsales, palmares)

* all of the hypothenarian muscles (hypothenar)

all of the thenarian muscles (thenar)

flexor digitorum superficialis (m. flexor digitorum superficialis)

194 The ulnar nerve (n. ulnaris) innervates:

* flexor carpi ulnaris (m. flexor carpi ulnaris)

* medial part of flexor digitorum profundus (m. flexor digitorum profundus)

* adductor pollicis (m. adductor pollicis)

* skin of the hand (manus)

flexor pollicis longus (m. flexor pollicis longus)

195 The radial nerve (n. radialis):

* is a continuation of the posterior cord (fasciculus post.) of brachial plexus

* passes in the arm through the humeromuscular canal (canalis humeromuscularis)

* is the main nerve for innervation of all of the upper limb extensors (mm. extensorum membri sup.)

* terminates giving rise to two terminal branches

penetrates in the hand through the carpal tunnel (canalis carpalis)

196 The radial nerve (n. radialis) innervates the skin of:

* posterior surface of arm

* posterior surface of forearm

dorsum of hand

* part of dorsum hand and of 2,5 fingers

lateral surface of forearm

197 The radial nerve (n. radialis) innervates:

* extensor pollicis longus (m. extensor pollicis longus)

* extensor digitorum (m. extensor digitorum)

* extensor digiti minimi(m. extensor digiti minimi)

* supinator (m. supinator)

pronator quadratus (m. pronator quadratus)

198 The median nerve (n. medianus):

* is formed by the roots issuing from the medial and lateral cords (fasciculus med., lat.) of brachial plexus

is a continuation of the posterior cord (fasciculus post.) of brachial plexus

* accompanies in the arm the brachial artery (a. brachialis)

* passes in the carpal tunnel (canalis carpalis)

is the main nerve for innervation of all of the upper limb flexors (mm. flexorum membri sup.)

199 The median nerve (n.medianus) innervates:

anterior muscle group of arm

* anterior muscle group of forearm excepting 1,5 of them

muscles of hypothenar

* muscles of thenar excepting one of them

interossei of hand (mm. interossei)

200 The median nerve (n.medianus) innervates:

* flexor digitorum superficialis (m. flexor digitorum superficialis)

* flexor digitorum profundus (m. flexor digitorum profundus)

* pronator quadratus (m. pronator quadratus)

biceps brachii (m. biceps brachii)

supinator (m. supinator)

201 The lumbricales of hand (mm. lumbricales manus) are innervated by:

* median nerve (n. medianus)





202 The skin of the hand (manus) innervates by:

* median nerve (n.medianus)

* ulnar nerve (n.ulnaris)




203 The dorsal and palmar interossei of hand (mm. interossei dorsales et palmares manus) are innervated by:






204 The branches of the lumbar spinal nerves (nervi lumbales):

* anterior (ramus ventralis)

* posterior (ramus dorsalis)

* meningeal (ramus meningeus)

cutaneous

muscular (ramus muscularis)

205 The anterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves form:

* sacral plexus (plexus sacralis)

* lumbar plexus (plexus lumbalis)

hypogastric plexus (plexus hypogastricus)

intercostal nerves (nn. intercostales)

celiac plexus (plexus coeliacus)

206 The composition of the anterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves includes:


* sensitive fibers

* motor fibers



207 Lumbar plexus (plexus lumbalis):

* innervates greater psoas muscle (m. psoas major)

* is formed by the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of the spinal nerves L1-L4

innervates the teres major muscle (m. teres major)

is formed by the posterior branches (rami dorsales) of the spinal nerves L1-L4

does not have muscle branches

208 The composition of the posterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves includes:


* sensitive fibers

* motor fibers



209 The posterior branches (rami dorsales) of the lumbar spinal nerves (nervi lumbales) innervate:

* rotatores muscles (m. rotatores)

* longissimus muscle (m. longissimus)

* semispinalis muscle (m. semispinalis)

latissimus dorsi (m. latissimus dorsi)

trapezius muscle (m. trapezius)

210 Branches of the sacral spinal nerves:

* anterior (rami ventrales)

* posterior (rami dorsales)

* meningeal (ramus meningeus)

cutaneous

muscular (ramus muscularis)

211 The posterior branches of the sacral spinal nerves innervate:

* skin of the sacrum and coccyx

* skin of the gluteal region

* multifidus muscle (mm. multifidi)

* capsule of the sacroiliac joint (art. coxae)

abdominal muscles

212 Lumbar plexus (plexus lumbalis):

* innervates the psoas minor (m. psoas minor)

* innervates psoas major muscle (m. psoas major)

* is formed by the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of the spinal nerves L1-L4

* is formed by anterior branches (rami ventrales) of the spinal nerve Th12

is formed by the posterior branches (rami dorsales) of the spinal nerves L1-L4

213 Branches of the lumbar plexus (plexus lumbalis) are:

* obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)

* lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoris lateralis)

* iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)

intercostal nerve (n. intercostalis)

subcostal nerve (n. subcostalis)



* femoral nerve (n. femoralis)



posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoris posterior)



* ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)


* genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis)

posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoris posterior)

216 The obturator nerve (n. obturatorius) passes:

* along the medial border of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major)

along the lateral border of the psoas major muscle (m. psoas major)

* through the obturator canal (canalis obturatorius)

on the anterior surface of psoas major muscle (m. psoas major)

through the adductor canal (canalis adductorius)

217 Medial muscles of the thigh are innervated by:

superficial peroneal nerve (n. peroneus superficialis)


deep peroneal nerve (n. peroneus profundus)

inferior gluteal nerve (n. gluteus inferior)

common peroneal nerve (n. peroneus communis)

218 Anterior muscles of the thigh are innervated by:


sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus)

tibial nerve (n. tibialis)

obturator nerve (n. obturatorius)


219 Posterior muscles of the thigh are innervated by:

* sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus)

* tibial nerve (n. tibialis)



femoral nerve (n. femoralis)

220 Sacral plexus (plexus sacralis):

* is located on the anterior surface of the piriform muscle (m. piriformis)

* is formed by the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of spinal nerves L4-L5

* is formed by the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of spinal nerves S1-S4

does not have muscular branches

is formed by the anterior branches (rami ventrales) of spinal nerves S4-S5

221 The branches of the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) are:

* pudendal nerve (n. pudendus)

* superior gluteal nerve (n. gluteus superior)

* inferior gluteal nerve (n. gluteus inferior)

genitofemoral nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)


222 The branches of the sacral plexus (plexus sacralis) are:

* sciatic nerve (n. ischiadicus)

* posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (n. cutaneus femoris posterior)



genitofemoral nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)

223 Following nerves pass through foramen infrapiriformis:


* ischiadic nerve (n. ischiadicus)

* inferior gluteal nerve (n. gluteus inferior)


superior gluteal nerve (n. gluteus superior)

224 The skin of the thigh is innervated by:

* posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (n. cutaneus femoris posterior)

* genitofemoral nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)



saphenous nerve (n. saphenus)

225 Sural nerve (n. suralis):

* is formed by the branches of tibial (n. tibialis) and the common peroneal nerve (n. peroneus communis)

innervates the anterior group of leg muscles

passes in the adductor canal (canalis adductorius)

innervates the gastrocnemius muscle (m. gastrocnemius)

innervates the lateral group of leg muscles

226 The superficial peroneal nerve (n. peroneus superficialis) innervates:

* peroneus longus muscle (m. peroneus longus)

* peroneus brevis msucle (m. peroneus brevis)

anterior tibial muscle (m. tibialis anterior)

posterior tibial muscle (m. tibialis posterior)

popliteal muscle (m. popliteus)

227 The deep peroneal nerve (n. peroneus profundus) innervates:

* anterior muscle group of the leg

posterior muscle group of the leg

lateral muscle group of the leg

anterior muscle group of the thigh

medial muscle group of the thigh

228 The lateral group of leg muscle is innervated by:

* superficial peroneal nerve (n. peroneus superficialis)





229 The anterior muscle group of the leg is innervated by:

* deep peroneal nerve (n. peroneus profundus)





230 The deep peroneal nerve (n. peroneus profundus) innervates:

* extensor digitorum longus (m. extensor digitorum longus)

* extensor digitorum brevis (m. extensor digitorum brevis)

* talocrural joint (art. talocruralis)

* anterior tibial muscle (m. tibialis anterior)

triceps surae muscle (m. triceps surae)

231 The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates:

* triceps surae muscle (m. triceps surae)

* plantaris muscle (m. plantaris)

* popliteal muscle (m. popliteus)

* knee joint (art. genus)


232 The tibial nerve (n. tibialis) innervates:

* posterior tibial muscle (m. tibialis posterior)

* flexor hallucis longus muscle (m. flexor hallucis longus)


peroneus longus muscle (m. peroneus longus)

peroneus brevis muscle (m. peroneus brevis)

233 The posterior muscle group of the leg is innervated by:

* tibial nerve (n. tibialis)





234 The medial plantar nerve (n. plantaris medialis) innervates:

* flexor hallucis brevis muscle (m. flexor hallucis brevis)

* abductor hallucis muscle (m. abductor hallucis)

* flexor digitorum brevis muscle (m. flexor digitorum brevis)

flexor digitorum longus muscle (m. flexor hallucis longus)

quadratus plantae muscle (m. quadratus plantae)

235 The skin of the anterior surface of the thigh is innervated by:


* genitofemoral nerve (n. genitofemoralis)


iliohypogastric nerve (n. iliohypogastricus)

ilioinguinal nerve (n. ilioinguinalis)

test tasks for the preparation of the section peripheral...

Documents