----------------------- Page 1----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYTEST 6 GEOGRAPHY III - ANSWER KEY1.

Ans (d)

2.

Ans d)Explanation: Tehri Dam is located on Bhagirathi River.

3.

Ans (c)

4.

Ans (a)

5.

Ans (c)

6.

(Question Wrong)

7.

Ans (d)Explanation:It is a well known climatological fact that during pre-monsoonand post-monsoonseasons in the North Indian Ocean, more cyclones form in theBay of Bengalcompared with the Arabian Sea. Scientists have now discovered why in some yearsmore cyclones form in the Arabian Sea than usual. This is due to a newlydiscoveredPhenomenon (2007) El Nino Modoki which causes warm moist conditions in theCentral Pacific and dry cold conditions in Eastern and westernpacific. A morefamiliar phenomenon, El Nino, was found to suppress cyclone formation in theArabian Sea.The findings are results of a study undertaken by a team led by Dr. M.R.RameshKumar, Senior Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa.The study hasbeen published in the Natural Hazards journal.The reason why El Nino Modoki brings only fewer number of cyclones in the Bay ofBengal is because one of the two descending limbs of the Walker Cell is over thewestern Pacific and Bay of Bengal. The descending limb causes dry conditions notconducive for cyclone formation. The ascending limb of the Walker Cell,on the otherhand, brings rain. Also, an El Nino Modoki creates stronger divergence over thewestern Pacific and Bay of Bengal compared to El Nino. Divergence (opposite ofconvergence) means surface winds move away from each other andresult in lowrelative vorticity (rotational flow of winds). These conditionsare not conducive for

cyclones. This explains why Bay of Bengal region (close to western Pacific) has fewercyclones during an El Nino Modoki.On the other hand, there is large convergence over the ArabianSea during an ElNino Modoki explaining the large number of cyclones in that region. A statisticalanalysis of the El Nino and El Nino Modoki years between 1979-2004 wasconducted. It was found that there were four El Nino years and seven El NinoModoki years during this period.The number of cyclones per year show significant differences indicatingthat El NinoModoki years are conducive for cyclone formation over Arabian Sea whileEl Nino isconducive for cyclones over the Bay of Bengal.----------------------- Page 2----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYOnly post-monsoon and pre-monsoon periods were chosen for the study. Cyclonesusually do not form during monsoon season, Dr. Ramesh Kumar says in an emailto this Correspondent. There are a few reasons for this.Atmospheric parameters low-level relative vorticity, mid-tropospheric relativehumidity, vertical wind shear are not at values conducive for cyclone formationduring monsoon, Dr. Ramesh Kumar says. Second, during monsoon there is strongzonal (latitudinal) wind in the form of a jet at lower levels and this is not conducivefor cyclone formation as the vertical shear between lower and upper troposphere willnot be minimum.Finally, the sea surface temperatures are too low for cyclogenesis.8.

Ans (b)Explanation: Loktak is hydel power project.

9.

Ans (b)Explanation: Indian Space Research Organisation Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram. Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), Thiruvananthapuram. Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota. ISRO Satellite Centre (ISAC), Bangalore. Space Applications Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad. National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad. ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU), Thiruvananthapuram. Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU), Ahmedabad. Master Control Facility (MCF), Hassan. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bangalore.

10.

Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems (LEOS), Bangalore.Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Dehradun.

Ans (a)Explanation: Surma valley is in Assam which is famous for tea cultivatio

n.11.

Ans (c)

12.

Ans (a)

13.

Ans (a)Explanation: East flowing rivers are flowing in gentle slope whereas west flowingrivers are flowing in deep trough.14.Ans (d)15.

Ans (a)Explanation: Narmada River forms estuary in gulf of Khambat.

16.

Ans (b)Explanation: Difference between the Himalayan and the Peninsular River S

ystem.----------------------- Page 3----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYHimalayan River System:1. These rivers occupy large basins and catchment area.2. The Himalayan rivers flow through deep l-shaped valleys called gorges whichhave been carved out by down cutting carried on side by side with the uplift of3.ughout the

the Himalayas. They signify antecedent drainage.The Himalayan rivers are perennial in nature where water flows thro

year received from both snow melt and monsoon rain.4. These rivers flow across the young fold mountain and are still in youthful stage.5. These rivers form meander in plain areas because of huge sediment carried anddeposited by them in the plains which obstruct their flow and forcethem to flowin zig-zag shape (meander).6. The Himalayan rivers form huge delta at their mouth whichis the result ofdeposition of sediment at mouth.7. Extensive catchment area8. Rain fed and snowfed9. High erosive capability10. Develop gorges in the mountains and meanders in the plains11. Inland navigation is possible in the plains.Peninsular River System:1. These rivers have small basins and catchment areas. The Godavari having basinarea of 3.12 lakh sq. kms is less than 1/3rd of Indus (11.65 sq. kms.)2. Peninsular rivers flow in more or less graded valley having little erosional

activities to perform They signify consequent drainage.3. These rivers receive water only from monsoon rainfall andflows in rainyseasons. Therefore they are seasonal rivers.4. These rivers have attained maturity because they flow through oldest plateaus ofthe world.5. These rivers have been flowing on the oldest plateau having hard rock surface ofnon- alluvial character forcing them not to flow zig-zag shape. Assuch they flowin more or less in straight course.6. The river like Narmada and Tapti make estuaries whereas other big river formsdeltas like Godavari and Cauvery.7. Comparatively small catchment area8. Reinfed9. Low erosive capability10. Deep valleys are not produced as they flow through hard crystallinerocks11. Less chances for inland navigation.17.

Ans (d)

18.

Ans (c)Explanation: Even though Brahmaputra river is bringing huge amount of wa

ter itsTibetan part have less silt because in Tibet amount of rainfall is low but melting ofglacier is major source of this river.19.

Ans (d)

20.

Ans (d)

----------------------- Page 4----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY21.

Ans (d)

22.

Ans (a)Explanation: Hispar glacier located in southern slope of Karakoram Range

.23.

Ans (d)

24.

Ans (a)Explanation: Laterite soil can be found only in places of highrainfall and hightemperature so Uttar Pradesh is not place of high rainfall and high temperature.25.

Ans (d)

26.

Ans (d)Explanation:Among these four options Kuchchh is received less rainfall.

27.

Ans (d)

Explanation:Assam Himalayas, eastern section of the Great Himalayas, extending eastwardacross Sikkim state (India) and Bhutan, into northern Assam andArunachalPradesh states (India), and along the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region(China). The mountains run eastward for 450 miles (720 km) from the upper TistaRiver in the west to the great southward bend of the Brahmaputra River (there calledthe Tsangpo River) in the east. Important peaks include Kula, Chomo, andKangto;the highest is Namjagbarwa (Namcha Barwa; 25,445 feet [7,756 metres]) in Tibet.The Subansiri, Manas, Sankosh, Raidak, and Jaldhaka rivers rise in the mountainsand flow southward to join the Brahmaputra. Main settlements in the region includeGangtok and Kalimpang in India and Punakha and Paro in Bhutan.Importantmountain passes include Natu, Jelep, and Tang.KumaunHimalayas, west-centralsectionof the Himalaynorthern India,extending 200 miles (320 km) from the Sutlej River east to the Kali River. The range,comprising part of the Siwalik Range in the south and part of the GreatHimalayas inthe north, lies largely within the state of Uttarakhand, northwest of Nepal. It rises to25,646 feet (7,817 metres) at Nanda Devi, the ranges highest peak, and to25,446feet (7,756 metres) at Kamet, near the Chinese border. At elevations above 14,000feet (4,300 metres), snow covers the mountains throughout the year. Glaciers andsnowmelt feed the headstreams of theGanges River in torrents that rush throughgorges and steep-sided ravines.as in

Below the permanent snow linebetween 9,000 and 14,000 feet (2,750 and 4,300metres)is a cold windswept zone where herders take sheep and goats to grazeduring the short summers. At lower elevations, between 3,500 and 8,000 feet (1,100and 2,400 metres), a temperate climate encourages year-round settlement;farmersraise livestock and cultivate terraced, irrigated slopes. Deodar cedar forests supplytimber that is sold on the plains to the south, but in recent years deforestation hasdiminished timber yields and caused land degradation and erosion. Commercecentres on Dehra Dun, the capital ofUttarakhand, in the southern foothills. Indians----------------------- Page 5-----------------------

SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYfrom the lowlands use Mussoorie as a summer resort and educational centre, andHindu pilgrims travel into the high mountains farther north tovisit shrinesat Badrinath, Kedarnath, and Gangotri.Punjab Himalayas, westernmost section of the Himalayas, lying inthe Kashmirregion of northern India and Pakistan and extending east-southeast for 350 miles(560 km) from the bend of the Indus River to the Sutlej River. The upper Indusseparates them from the Karakoram Range to the north. Included within the PunjabHimalayas are the Zaskar Range, the Pir Panjal Range, and partof the SiwalikRange. The Jhelum River rises in these mountains before flowing westwardthroughthe Vale of Kashmir. The highest point is Nanga Parbat (26,660 feet [8,126 metres]),at the northwest end of the range. Dalhousie, in the foothills of the range, is a notedmountain resort.28.

Ans (a)

29.

Ans (c)

30.

Ans (c)

31.

Ans (b)

32.

Ans (a)

33.

Ans (a)

34.

Ans (d)Explanation: Most of males moved from rural to urban.

35.

Ans (c)

36.

Ans (b)

37.

Ans (b)

38.

Ans (c)

39.

Ans (d)

40.

Ans (c)

41.

Ans (d)Explanation: The purpose of the barrage is to divert 1,100 cubic metresper second(40,000 cu ft/s) of water from the Ganges to the Hooghly River for flushing out thesedimentdepositionfromthe Kolkataharbour withoutthe needof regular

mechanical dredging. After commissioning the project, it is found that the divertedwater flow from the Farakka barrage is not adequate to flush the sediment from theriver satisfactorily. In addition, there are regular land/bank collapses in to theGanga river due to the high level back waters of the Farakka barrage. Substantialhigh land is already converted in to low level river bed causing displacement of hugepopulation. The water diverted from the Farakka barrage is less than 10%of Ganga----------------------- Page 6----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYriver water available at Farakka. Indian government is contemplating to cementline/widen/deepen the Farakka feeder canal to increase the flow.42.

Ans (a)

43.

Ans (b)Explanation: Frost is more likely to form on surfaces above the ground first, such ashouse roofs, or automobiles, because the air immediately abovethe ground isusually a few degrees warmer than air a few feet higher. There is some heat transferfrom the ground to the air a few centimetres above it. If there is muchwind, frost willnot form either. (Neither will dew, as both these occurrancesrequire little or nowind, so the atmosphere will not stay mixed.) If the skies are cloudy, usually dew orfrost will not form either, as the clouds reflect the radiated heat fromthe ground,which helps in keeping the lower layers mixed.So the ideal conditions for frost formation is a night with clear skies,light winds,and a temperature forecast to be near or a little below freezing. Standardtemperature measurements are taken from about 2 meters above ground. Ona calmnight the ground temperature can be as much as 5-7 degrees cooler than thestandard temperature reading. If there is some wind, the air stays mixed, and thetemperature difference disappears.44.

Ans (a)

45.

Ans (c)

46.

Ans (c)

47.

Ans (b)

48.

Ans (a)Explanation: Tapi valley marks the northern limit of Western Ghats.

49.

Ans (d)Explanation:1. Only Barren Island is active volcano in Andaman and Nicobar groupof Islands.2. Indias southern most point Indira point is situated on thesouthern tip of thegreat Nicobar Island.50.

Ans (b)Explanation: In India Coromandel Coast receive rainfall during winter season due tonortheast monsoon but north-western part of India also receive winter rainfall due towestern disturbance.51.

Ans (a)Explanation: Aizawl and Udaipur are located beyond tropic of cancer.

52.

Ans (b)

53.

Ans (d)

----------------------- Page 7----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY54.

Ans (d)Explanation: Godavari river has unique feature of two peak river regime becauseduring southwest monsoon catchment area of this river receives rainfallthen duringnortheast monsoon again this regions receives rainfall.55.

Ans (c)

Explanation: Teak and Sal are importance species are Tropical moist deciduousforest, so these two species are almost in pure stand.56.

Ans (b)Explanation: Dachigam National Park is located in Jammu and Kashmir.

57.

Ans (b)

Explanation: The table given below will provide a clear idea about the populationdensity of India, its different states, and union territories:Population Density of IndiaSerial No.

India/ States/UT

2001

2011382

INDIA

324

1

Jammu and Kashmir

99

2

Himachal Pradesh

109

3

Punj ab

482

4

Chandigarh (UT)

5

Uttaranchal

159

6

Haryana

477

7

Delhi (UT)

9294

8

Rajasthan

165

9

Uttar Pradesh

689

10

Bihar

880

11

Sikkim

76

12

Arunachal Pradesh

13

Nagaland

120

14

Manipur

107

15

Mizoram

42

16

Tripura

304

17

Meghalaya

103

18

Assam

340

19

West Bengal

904

561235507903

9252189573934020182811028613

17119122523501323971030----------------------- Page 8----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY

38

414

36

269

4

20

Jharkhand

3

21

Orissa

2

22

Chhattisgarh

15

23

Madhya Pradesh

19

24

Guj arat

25

Daman & Diu (UT)

26

Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT)

4

27

Maharashtra

3

28

Andhra Pradesh

2

29

Karnataka

2

30

Goa

3

31

Lakshadweep (UT)

32

Kerala

8

33

Tamil Nadu

4

34

Pondicherry (UT)

35

Andaman and Nicobar Islands(UT)

189

6

236

58

308

1

2141

112

49

491

14

365

75

308

75

319

63

394

4

189

2013

19

859

78

555

9

202

259843

46

58.

Ans (a)Explanation: Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is public company which op

eratesseveral power stations in the Damodar River area of West Bengal, India. Thecompany operates both thermal power station and hydel power dams under the

Indian Ministry of Power. DVC is headquartered in the city of Kolkata, West Bengal,IndiaIn March 1948, the Damodar Valley Corporation Act (Act No. XIVof 1948) waspassed by the Constituent Assembly, and the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC)was officially formed on July 7, 1948. The corporation was jointly formed by thegovernment bodies: the Central Government, the Government of West Bengal andthe Government of Jharkhand to participate jointly for the purpose of building theDamodar Valley Corporation.The Damodar Valley Corporation has been generatingand transmitting power since 1953. All the projects are completed in second five yearplan.59.

Ans (d)

60.

Ans (a)Explanation: Anaimudi is located in Anaimalai hills.

61.

Ans (c)

62.

Ans (a)

----------------------- Page 9----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY63.

Ans (d)

64.

Ans (a)Explanation: Natural vegetation of the source region is not the determining factor ofriver regime.65.

Ans (c)

66.

Ans (d)

67.

Ans (b)

68.

Ans (c)

69.

Ans (a)

70.

Ans (d)

71.

Ans (b)Explanation:National Policy on farmers - 2007National Bamboo Mission - 2006National Agricultural Policy - 2000National Forest Policy 1988

72.

Ans (a)

Explanation: Chitrakote falls of Indravati Chhattisgarh known as Niagara of Indiabecause of its width and amount of water.73.

Ans (b)Explanation:India, with its annual rainfal1 of over 130 cm, varied topography and climaticregimes, supports and sustains diverse and unique wetland habitats. Naturalwetlands in India consists of the high-altitude Himalayan lakes,followed bywetlands situated in the flood plains of the major river systems, saline andtemporary wetlands of the arid and semi-arid regions, coastal wetlands such aslagoons, backwaters and estuaries, mangrove swamps, coral reefsand marinewetlands, and so on. In fact with the exception of bogs, fensand typical saltmarshes, Indian wetlands cover the whole range of the ecosystemtypes found. Inaddition to the various types of natural wetlands, a large number of man-madewetlands also contribute to the faunal and floral diversity. These man-madewetlands, which have resulted from the needs of irrigation, water supply, electricity,fisheries and flood control, are substantial in number. The various reservoirs,shallow ponds and numerous tanks support wetland biodiversity and add to thecountry s wetland wealth. It is estimated that freshwater wetlands alonesupport 20per cent of the known range of biodiversity in India (Deepa and Ramachandra,1999).Wetlands in India occupy 58.2 million ha, including areas underwet paddycultivation (Directory of Indian Wetlands). The majority of the inland wetlands are----------------------- Page 10----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMYdirectly or indirectly dependent on the, Bhramaputra,Narmada, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri and Tapti.regions ofGujarat and Rajasthan, the deltaic regions ofhighlands ofcentral India, wet humid zones of southhe Andaman andNicobar and Lakshwadeep Islands.

major rivers like GangaThey occur in the hot aridthe east and west coasts,peninsular India and t

Table 1. Area Estimates of Wetlands of India (in million ha)Area under paddy cultivation

40.9Area suitable for fish culture3.6Area under capture fisheries (brackish and2.9freshwater)Mangroves0.4Estuaries3.9Backwater3.5Man-made impoundments3.0Rivers, including main tributaries

(28

,000 kmCanals and irrigation channels

(113

,000 km)74.

Ans (b)Explanation: Almost 75 different types of tribals are found in Orissa.

75.

Ans (d)

76.

Ans (d)Explanation:1. Nilgiris biosphere reserve shared between Tamilnadu, Kerala and Kar

nataka.2.3.

Nandadevi biosphere reserve shared between India and Nepal.Great Rann of Kuchchh biosphere reserve shared between India and Pa

4.

Pachmarhi is entirely located in Madhya Pradesh.

kistan.77.

Ans (d)

78.

Ans (b)

79.

Ans (b)

80.

Ans (c)

81.

Ans (d)

82.

Ans (b)

83.

Ans (a)

84.

Ans (d)

85.

Ans (b)Explanation: Gujjar Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir are Transhumance.

86.

Ans (a)

----------------------- Page 11----------------------SHANKAR IAS ACADEMY

87.

Ans (c)

88.

Ans (a)

89.

Ans (d)Explanation: To exploit natural resources in Chota Nagpur plateau trees are cutdown in large scale that resulted in excessive soil erosion.90.

Ans (d)

91.

Ans (c)Explanation: During the initial period of Himalayan mountain formation a smalltrough was formed later it was filled with sediment brought byHimalayan Rivers.That resulted in formation of Indo-Gangetic Plain.92.

Ans (b)

93.

Ans (b)

94.

Ans (c)

95.

Ans (d)

96.

Ans (b)

97.

Ans (d)

98.

Ans (a)

99.

Ans (d)

100.

Ans (c)