BY 123 CONTENT

REVIEWExam One

QUESTION 1Which lipids are important in eukaryotic

membranes?

a. triglyceridesb. cholesterolc. phospholipidsd. a and be. b and c

QUESTION 2Microtubules function alone or form protein

complexes to produce complex structures such as:

I. muscle cell myosin and actinII. the flagellaIII. the mitotic spindle apparatus

a. I onlyb. II onlyc. III onlyd. II and III onlye. I, II, and III

QUESTION 3Which statement(s) about the ratio of cell

surface area to cell volume is (are) correct?

a. Because of limitations in the surface-to-volume ratio, larger organisms

generally do not have larger volume cells when compared to smaller organismsb. cells involved in uptake of materials with

their environment have large surface areas without greatly increasing their volumec. cells with more convoluted surfaces have

larger surface-to-volume ratios than cells with smooth surfacesd. a and be. a, b and c

QUESTION 4What is true of an individual element?

a. atomic weight is always constantb. atomic number is always constantc. mass number is always constantd. all of the abovee. none of the above

QUESTION 5A transversion is a mutation that

causes a conversion of a purine to a pyrimidine or vice versa. Which of the following is an example of a transversion?

a. cytosine guanineb. thymine uracilc. adenine guanine d. cytosine thyminee. cytosine uracil

QUESTION 6The meniscus of water in a graduated

cylinder is explained by

a. cohesionb. surface tensionc. specific heatd. adhesione. none of the above

QUESTION 7Emergent properties of living systems are

defined as properties that ____.

a. are apparent only when an organism is studied at the molecular levelb. define the cell’s surroundingsc. are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increasesd. are evident during only one portion of the life cycle of an organisme. none of the above

QUESTION 8An isotope of carbon has a mass number

of 14. It has…

a. 6 neutronsb. 8 neutronsc. 8 protonsd. 8 electronse. none of the above

QUESTION 9Which of the following is NOT true of

both cilia and flagella?

a. responsible for movement of fluid over cellular surfaceb. involved in single cell locomotionc. provide sperm with motilityd. microtubule-derived structurese. both a and d

QUESTION 10A nucleotide sequence of one strand of

DNA reads CGAATT. What does its complementary RNA strand read?

a. CGAATTb. ATCCGGc. GCTTAAd. AATTCGe. none of the above

QUESTION 11Which one of the following organelles

is unlikely to show enhanced abundance in the pancreatic cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?

a. rough endoplasmic reticulumb. free cytoplasmic ribosomesc. golgi apparatusd. transport vesiclese. none of the above

QUESTION 12Cellulose is a _______ made of many

_______.

a. carbohydrate, fatty acidsb. polymer, glucose moleculesc. protein, amino acidsd. lipid, triacylglycerolse. polypeptide, monomers

QUESTION 13The 9+2 pattern is characteristic of

1. bacterial flagella2. eukaryotic cilia3. eukaryotic flagella4. centrioles5. basal bodies

a. 1 & 3b. 2 & 3c. 1, 2 & 3d. 2, 3 & 4e. 2, 3, 4 & 5

QUESTION 14Cholesterol released from cholesterol

esters can be used for the synthesis of all of the following EXCEPT:

a. cell membranesb. aldosterone (steroid hormone) c. vitamin D (steroid hormone)d. cell walls e. all of the above

QUESTION 15An acid of pH 1.5 is how many times more

acidic than an acid of pH 3.5?

a. 2b. 10c. 20d. 50e. 100

QUESTION 16A neuron soma contains a significant

cytoskeleton that is designed to

a. allow intracellular transport and provide structural integrityb. allow mitosis but not meiosis to take

placec. be used for nerve cell divisiond. synthesize enzymes for protein synthesise. none of the above

QUESTION 17A lizard climbing the side of the building is

able to do this because of

a. ionic bondsb. Van der Waals forcesc. hydrogen bondingd. covalent bondse. all of the above

QUESTION 18(Canceled question)

QUESTION 19Water’s high specific heat is a result of

a. covalent bondingb. adhesionc. hydrogen bondingd. surface tensione. global warming

QUESTION 20Carbon readily forms compounds because

of its

a. valenceb. molecular weightc. electronegativityd. a and be. none of the above

QUESTION 21Failus testus is a multicellular,

heterotrophic organism whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles. To which domain does it belong?

a. Plantaeb. Archaeac. Animaliad. Eukaryae. Fungi

QUESTION 22The distinctive structure of a steroid is

a. two pentose sugarsb. all have enantiomersc. an amine groupd. four fused ringse. none of the above

QUESTION 23 1. golgi apparatus

2. rough endoplasmic reticulum3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum4. transport vesicle5. plasma membrane6. mitochondria

This organelle has a double membranea. 1b. 3c. 4d. 6e. none of the above

QUESTION 24A technique similar to phagocytosis by

which a living cell engulfs a minute droplet of liquid is known as

a. endocytosisb. exocytosisc. pinocytosisd. phago-engulfinge. oligocytosis

QUESTION 25True / False

A patient with Parkinson’s disease would be prescribed D-dopa.

QUESTION 26A molecule with a carboxyl group would

most likely be

a. amphetamineb. formaldehydec. vodkad. cheesee. none of the above

QUESTION 27Proteins are marked and delivered to

various cellular locations based on:

a. the compartmentalization in the rough ER following protein synthesisb. the post-translational modification by the Golgi apparatusc. the regulation signals released by the cytoskeletond. the specificity of protein channelse. a, b, and d all play a significant role in determining this

QUESTION 28Carbohydrates are used for

a. energyb. structural components of cellsc. short-term energy storaged. b and ce. a, b and c

QUESTION 29Molecules that have restricted movement

due to double bonds are most likely

a. ketonesb. enantiomersc. geometric isomersd. structural isomerse. none of the above

QUESTION 30 1. golgi apparatus

2. rough endoplasmic reticulum3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum4. transport vesicle5. plasma membrane6. mitochondria

The proper path a protein would travel on its way out of a cell isa. 3, 6, 2, 4b. 3, 2, 1, 4c. 2, 1, 4, 5d. 4, 6, 5, 1e. 2, 5, 2, 3

QUESTION 31Contractile elements of muscle cells are

a. intermediate filamentsb. centriolesc. microtubulesd. actin filamentse. fibronectins

QUESTION 32 1. golgi apparatus

2. rough endoplasmic reticulum3. smooth endoplasmic reticulum4. transport vesicle5. plasma membrane6. mitochondria

A lipid would be synthesized herea. 3b. 1c. 6d. 2e. 5

QUESTION 33A transport protein that generates voltage

across a membrane is called

a. proton pumpb. cotransportc. electrogenic pumpd. facilitated diffusione. sodium-potassium pump

QUESTION 34Peptide GG1 is found as a supercoiled right-

handed alpha helix. Which of the following is a characteristic of the supercoiled helix?

a. It is an example of primary peptide structureb. It is an example of secondary peptide structurec. It is an example of tertiary peptide structured. It is an example of quaternary peptide structuree. It is an example of a conjugated protein

QUESTION 35Parallel and non-parallel beta-pleated

sheets are stabilized by which of the following interactions?

a. covalent bondsb. peptide bondsc. electrostatic interactionsd. hydrogen bondse. hydrophilic interactions

QUESTION 36If a hypertonic animal cell is placed in

hypotonic solution the cell will

a. shrivelb. plasmolyzec. become flaccidd. lysee. none of the above

QUESTION 37Of the following, which is a function of

membrane proteins1. transport2. signal transduction3. cell-cell recognition4. enzymatic activity5. synthesizing the cytoplasm

a. all fiveb. none of thosec. all but 2d. all but 5e. only 1 and 3

QUESTION 38Which of the following is incorrectly paired

with its function?

a. peroxisome – contains enzymes that break down H2O2b. nucleolus – produces ribosomal RNA, assembles ribosome subunitsc. golgi apparatus – processes, tags, and ships cellular productsd. lysosome – contains pigments in plant cellse. extra cellular matrix – supports and anchors cells, communicates between inside and outside of cell

QUESTION 39Which of the following serves as the site

for collagen polypeptide synthesis?

a. ribosomes in the mitochondriab. ribosomes in the smooth endoplasmic reticulumc. ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulumd. lysosomese. collagen cannot be manufactured inside the cell

QUESTION 40A plant cell placed in a hypotonic

environment will

a. plasmolyzeb. crenatec. become turgidd. become flaccide. lyse

QUESTION 41(Canceled question)

QUESTION 42The bond between two cysteine

monomers is called a

a. polypeptide chainb. disulfide bridgec. beta pleated sheetd. primary structuree. none of the above

QUESTION 43Pinocytosis involves

a. the fusion of a newly formed food vacuole with a lysosomeb. receptor-mediated endocytosis and the

formation of vesiclesc. the pinching in of the plasma membrane

around small droplets of external fluidd. pseudopod extension as vesicles move along the cytoskeleton and fuse with the plasma membranee. the accumulation of specific large molecules in a cell

QUESTION 44A denatured protein can be renatured if

which structure is unharmed

a. primaryb. secondaryc. tertiaryd. quaternarye. conjugatory

QUESTION 45Insulin is a polypeptide synthesized by

the pancreas. Which of the following methods can be used in vitro to degrade insulin?

a. hydrolysisb. dehydrationc. esterificationd. evaporatione. condensation

QUESTION 46A saturated fat has the maximum number

of atoms of this element

a. carbonb. oxygenc. nitrogend. a or be. none of the above

QUESTION 47You observe plant cells under a microscope that have

just been placed in an unknown solution. First the cells plasmolyze; after a few minutes, the plasmolysis reverses and the cells appear normal. What would you conclude about the unknown solute.

a. it is hypertonic to the plant cells, and its solute cannot cross the plant cell membranesb. it is hypotonic to the plant cells, and its solute cannot cross the plant cell membranesc. it is isotonic to the plant cells, but its solute can cross the plant cell membranesd. it is hypertonic to the plant cells, but its solute can cross the plant cell membranese. it is hypotonic to the plant cells, but its solute can cross the plant cell membranes

QUESTION 48Which of the following is not part of the

cell theory

a. all living things consist of cellsb. cells contain genetic information passed on from their daughter cellsc. cells arise from other cellsd. chemical reactions of a living organism take place in cellse. all of these are part of the cell theory

QUESTION 49A protein that carries two things at a time

in the same direction is

a. antiportb. symportc. uniportd. a and ce. none of these

QUESTION 50Which of the following is not a possible

destination for proteins synthesized by ribosomes on the ER?

a. function as enzymes in the cytoplasm

b. leave the cellc. become part of the cell

membraned. become a component of

organelles, such as lysosomese. none of the above

QUESTION 51All of the following are examples of apoptosis

EXCEPT:

a. Fetus finger formation requires the removal of the tissue between them.b. Synaptic cleft formation between neurons in the brain requires surplus cells to be eliminated. c. Uterus endometrial lining forms to prepare for implantation. d. Tadpole tail is reabsorbed during metamorphosis into a frog. e. All of the above are examples.

QUESTION 52Thiols have which functional group?

a. carbonylb. sulfhydrylc. aminod. phosphatee. hydroxyl

QUESTION 53True / False

Nucleic acids are the building blocks of RNA.

QUESTION 54Which of the following is not a component

of prokaryotic cells?

a. ribosomesb. flagellac. cell walld. nucleus e. all of the above

QUESTION 55Monosaccharides are joined by __________,

nucleotides are joined by ________, and amino acids are joined by_________.

a. phosphodiester bond; glycosidic linkage; peptide bondb. peptide bond; glycosidic linkage;

phosphodiester bondc. glycosidic linkage; phosphodiester bond; beta linkaged. glycosidic linkage; phosphodiester bond; peptide bonde. none of the above

QUESTION 56Which of the following would consist of an

amino group, carboxyl group, and alpha carbon?

a. amino acidb. nucleic acidc. sugard. phospholipide. fat

QUESTION 57During what state protein structure do

multiple polypeptides begin interacting?

a. primaryb. secondaryc. tertiaryd. quaternarye. both b and c

QUESTION 58The main constituent of microtubules

is _______, a globular protein made up of two polypeptide chains. The protein occupies _______protein structure.

a. actin; tertiaryb. actin; quaternaryc. tubulin; quaternaryd. tubulin; tertiary e. Both a and c are possibilities.

QUESTION 59What two components of the membrane

function in self vs. nonself recognition?

a. Proteins and cholesterolb. Proteins and carbohydratesc. Carbohydrates and cholesterold. Nucleic acids and cholesterole. Proteins and steroids

QUESTION 60Which of the following organelles function

in detoxification?

a. smooth ERb. rough ERc. peroxisomesd. both a and ce. all of the above

QUESTION 61Which of the following is not unique to

animal cells?

a. flagellab. centriolesc. mitochondriad. lysosomese. none of the above

QUESTION 62Lysosomes function to/in

a. degrade damaged organellesb. break down toxic moleculesc. exocytosisd. both a and be. all of the above

QUESTION 63The convoluted surfaces in the

mitochondria are/is ______.

a. cristaeb. the inner membranec. necessary for cellular respirationd. both a and be. all of the above

QUESTION 64Plasmodesmata in plant cell are similar in

function to

a. desmosomesb. tight junctionsc. gap junctionsd. extracellular matrixe. integrins

QUESTION 65Which of the following is not a function of

membrane proteins?

a. signal transductionb. intercellular joiningc. increasing fluidityd. cell-to-cell recognitione. none of the above

Differentiate between the structure and functional properties of the following:

Hydroxyl groupCarboxyl groupAmino groupPhosphate group

Identify which macromolecule this is an example of:

True/False

The large and small subunit of a ribosome are always assembled, disassembling only when translation/protein synthesis is occurring.

Discuss the difference between thylakoids and granum. Where are they found? What kind of organelle is this? What are other examples of this organelle?