Effects of Terrorism on Tourism

Submitted by:Priya GuptaTT b

Terrorism

Is an unlawful act of violence

Intimidates governments or societies

Goal is to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives like ISIS who aspire to establish Islam caliphate all over.

Arising and Uplifting

Terrorists have become more ambitious and

less confined by geographical boundaries,

exploiting the latest technologies to their

advantage .

Effects of Terrorism• Exports ( Missed many opportunities to boost

tourism due to insecurity).

• Trade balance unstable.

• Mostly affects international travelers.

• Diversification of Funds and Loss of lives.

• Decline in FTAs.

• Closure of properties, superstructures for renovations.

dateattack and

locationfatalities injuries

11 Sep 2001

crashing of hijacked planes into World Trade Center, New York City, New York, Pentagon in Alexandria, Virginia, and site in Pennsylvania, USA

2,993 8,900

14 Aug 2007

multiple car bombings in Al-Qataniyah and Al-Adnaniyah, Iraq

520 1,500

20 Aug 1978arson of theater in Abadan, Iran

477 ?

1-3 Sep 2004

hostage taking at school in Beslan, Russia (includes 30 terrorists killed)

366 747

23 Jun 1985

mid-air bombing of Air India flight off Ireland, and attempted bombing of second flight in Canada

12 Mar 1993 15 bombings in Bombay, India

8 Aug 1998

truck bombings of U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Saalam, Tanzania

23 Oct 1983

truck bombings of U.S. Marine and French barracks, Beirut, Lebanon

22 Sep 1997 attack at Ben Talha, Algeria

date attack and location fatalities injuries

6 Apr 2007

suicide bombing with truck carrying chlorine tanks in Ramadi, Iraq

35 50

6 Sep 1987

water poisoning with pesticide at constabulary in Zamboanga City, Philippines

19 140

21 Jan 1994attack with chemical grenades on village of Ormancik, Turkey

16 ?

28 Jan 2007explosion of truck bomb carrying chlorine tank

16 ?

20 Mar 1995sarin nerve gas attack in subway in Toyko, Japan

12 5,511

Significant terrorist acts using unconventional weapons

20 Jan 2012multiple bombings and gun attacks in Kano, Nigeria

26-29 Nov 2008

multiple shooting and grenade attacks and hostage takings in Mumbai, India (includes 9 terrorists killed)

Questions arisen

Terrorism can take form of:

• Domestic terrorism;• International terrorism;•Cross-border terrorism.

Relationship Between Terrorism and Tourism

Terrorism is aimed at civil targets but tourist are victimised

Directed to economic targets functionally related to tourism

Terrorism targets Tourist directly as “Soft Targets “ which has relatively high Media impact coverage .

Motives and Targets

Methods of Terrorism

Bioterrorism Bioterrorism refers to the intentional release of toxic

biological agents toharm and terrorize civilians, in the name of a political or other

causeincluding: Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin) The Plague (Yersinia pestis) Smallpox (Variola major) Tularemia (Francisella tularensis) Hemorrahagic fever, due to Ebola Virus or Marburg Virus

Cyberterrorism

Cyber terrorists use information technology to attack civilians and draw attention to their cause. They use information technology, such as computer systems or telecommunications, as a tool to orchestrate a traditional attack.

For example, cyberterrorists could disable networked emergency systems or hack into networks housing critical financial information. There is wide disagreement over the extent of the existing threat by cyberterrorists.

Eco terrorism

Eco terrorism is a recently coined term means environmental extremists sabotage property to inflict economic damage on industries or actors they see as harming animals or the natural environment. These have included fur companies, animal research laboratories, for example.

Nuclear terrorism

"Nuclear terrorism" refers to a number of different ways nuclear materials might be exploited as a terrorist tactic. These include attacking nuclear facilities, purchasing nuclear weapons, or building nuclear weapons or otherwise finding ways to disperse radioactive materials

Narco terrorism

Narcoterrorism has had several meanings since its coining in 1983. It once denoted violence used by drug traffickers to influence governments or prevent government efforts to stop the drug trade. In the last several years, narcoterrorism has been used to indicate situations in which terrorist groups use drug trafficking to fund their other operations.

Why hotels ?

Offer a high degree of access, usually 24 hours a day.

Larger hotels have many public spaces and entrances and exits and foreigners may gather there

Meetings and conferences, sometimes prestigious, are hosted

Restaurants which might be frequented by prominent businessmen and government officials.

Properties which are part of international chains, often American owned, are a symbol of that country and its government.

Grand lobbies and spacious entrances are vulnerable to individual suicide and car bombings.

CONCLUSION

We can fight with the terrorism and save our resources only by bringing harmony among our different communities and peoples living in the world.

It the need of the time for us to come together to make this terrorism get apart from its root level by complementing the existence of every individuals and taking steps or measues by proper agreements and undertakings.

THANK YOU