terrorism and international response -...

CSA - Somalia Somalia

Terrorism and International Response

NATO Advanced Research Workshop Washington, DC – 26 July 2016


45 Years of Terrorism: Terrorist Attacks Worldwide, 1970-2015

SOURCE: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START). (2016). Global Terrorism Database [Data file]. Retrieved from https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd


Terrorist Attack Type, 2015

60%27%

7%5%

1% 0%

Bombing/Explosion(7615)

ArmedAssault(3353)

Assassina@on(917)

Facility/InfrastructureAGack(682)

UnarmedAssault(96)

Hijacking(37)



Terrorism Targets, 2015


0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

PrivateCi@zens&Property

Military Police Business Government(General)

Government(Diploma@c)


The United Nations Department of Safety and Security (UNDSS)

n  Established on 1 January 2005, replacing

UNSECOORD

n  Mission Statement ¨  Responsible for providing leadership, operational support

and oversight of the security management system, ensure the maximum security for staff and eligible dependants as well as enable the safest and most efficient conduct of the programmes and activities of the United Nations System

n  Focus on 5 types of threats to UN personnel, assets

and operations ¨  Armed Conflict, Terrorism, Crime, Civil Unrest, Hazards


UN HQ, Baghdad, Iraq 19 August 2003

UN Offices, Algiers, Algeria 11 December 2007


UNDSS and Counter-terrorism

n Terrorism 2nd most significant security threat to UN personnel, assets and operations

n Counter-terrorism as part of overall UN security risk management strategy (SRM) ¨ Assessment of threats and vulnerabilities ¨ Risk analysis ¨ Risk mitigating measures (to prevent/reduce

likelihood, mitigate impact, or both)


Possible Terrorism Threat Scenarios

n  Complex infiltration / suicide attack against UN compounds and/or infrastructures

n  Aircraft hijacking / use of aircraft as a weapon against UN compounds and/or infrastructures

n  RCIED against a UN Convoy using B6s n  Suicide attack (VBIED/PBIED) against a UN convoy

moving on urban / rural streets n  Suicide attack (VBIED/PBIED) and/or Complex attack

against non-UN compounds, hotels and social-venues/restaurants

n  Assassination of a UN national or international staff member

n  …


Applicable Risk Reduction Measures: Prevention

n  Access control procedures to enter UN facilities ¨  Screening of UN staff on arrival and departure; searching of

civilian and UN vehicles inside the perimeter; screening of all major contracts and biometrics of daily laborers, …

n  Coordination with local authorities ¨  Training of liaison officers; forces capacity building; community

outreach to deny terrorist sanctuaries near UN facilities n  Mandatory training

¨  SSAFE for all UN personnel; national staff training on security awareness (routine avoidance, basic surveillance detection, residential security); hostile surveillance training for security personnel guarding gates and manning watchtowers

n  Maintain security information awareness ¨  Collection, collation, analysis and dissemination of security

threat information and incidents; info sharing with relevant partners/authorities

n  Improve aviation security procedures


Applicable Risk Reduction Measures: Mitigation

n  Enhanced physical security of UN compounds ¨ Perimeter protection; stand-off distance; anti-blast

walls and barriers; speed reduction bumps; safe havens and bunkers;...

n  Mandatory training ¨ Firearms and internal defense training for

international security professionals; ETB basic medical training for security professionals; “active shooter scenario” training; …


Applicable Risk Reduction Measures: Prevention/Mitigation

n  Strict SOPs for movement of UN

personnel and vehicles ¨ Armed escort; Radio Comms 24/7; ECM

(electronic jammer) capability to support and conduct specific very high risk and deep field missions; counter sniper screens

n  Mandatory training

¨ Training of all guard forces and established SOPs for security incidents; armored vehicles and IED awareness training for drivers


Questions for Futurists n  How do you anticipate/predict the next terrorist

event?

n  Hint: “copycat effect” – terrorists tend to copy each others’ TTPs (tactics, techniques, procedures) ¨ How do you anticipate what TTPs will be replicated?

n  Hint: “displacement effect” - if you succeed in preventing/stopping one terrorist attack, it is likely that it will be carried out at another time/location… ¨ How do you anticipate where/when the following

attack will take place?

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