terrence d. walton, msw, csac director of treatment pretrial services agency for the district of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Booze, Brains, and Behavior: The Psychopharmacology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSACDirector of Treatment
Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia
![Page 2: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Any substance that is consumed in order to
alter mood, perception, and/or brain functioning
![Page 3: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Areas of Concern
Intoxication
Damage Withdrawal
![Page 4: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alcohol and Drug Use and Pretrial Services
Assessing Risk and Needs Recommending Release Conditions Returning to Court Supervision Compliance Pretrial Success or Failure
![Page 5: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mood Altering Chemicals: An
Overview
![Page 6: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mood Altering Chemicals
1. Legal & Illicit 2. Street Drugs and
Prescribed Drugs3. Hard Drugs & Soft
Drugs4. Very Addictive &
Less-Addictive5. Natural and
Synthetic
1. Stimulants2. Depressants3. Opioids4. Cannabinols5. Hallucinogens/
Dissociatives6. Inhalants/
Deliriants/Other
![Page 7: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Important Factors
Bottle to Blood to Brain Route of Administration:
Smoke Sniff Snort Shoot Swallow
The Blood Brain Barrier Neurocompatibility
![Page 8: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Abuse Potential Factors1. Power (brain impact)
2. Popularity (acceptability)
3. Presence (accessibility)
4. Pay off (onset & intensity)
5. Persistence (length of high)
6. Patterns (of use)
7. Penalty (onset & intensity)
![Page 9: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Two Big Questions Why do people do drugs?
Why can’t some people stop?
![Page 10: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Use
Pleasure
Stimulation
Escape
Relief
![Page 11: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Why Some Can’t Stop
1. Physiological Dependence
2. Psychological Dependence
![Page 12: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Addiction
A medical condition characterized by impairment within both the brain’s reward
and executive functions centers and resulting in compulsive, repetitive, self-destructive
substance use
![Page 13: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Exploring Physiological Dependence
![Page 14: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Another Big Question
What’s happening in the brain and body to cause this?
![Page 15: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Rebound Effect
![Page 16: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Withdrawal The brain adapts to the effects
of substance use by over-releasing chemicals that
produce the opposite effect. If the use stops abruptly, the over release of opposing chemicals continues for a period of time
causing withdrawal symptoms.
![Page 17: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Tolerance Neuro-adaption (tolerance) occurs when neurons become less sensitive to the presence of a depressant or
opiate as a result of the brain’s attempt to return to normal. For
instance, in response to the presence of alcohol the brain may reduce the
number of receptors available to detect alcohol.
![Page 18: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sensitization Neuro-sensitization occurs when neurons become more sensitive to the presence of a stimulant. As a result, the neurons will only fully
activate when the current reward is expected to be greater than the
average of previous rewards (“reward prediction error”)
![Page 19: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Exploring Psychological Dependence
To Cope with Life
![Page 20: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
A Final Big Question
What’s happening in the brain to cause
psychological dependence?
![Page 21: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Addiction
& the Brain
![Page 22: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Neurochemistry: The Basics
![Page 23: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Addiction is a Brain Disease
Any use causes acute and temporary changes and
prolong use changes the brain in fundamental, destructive
and long lasting ways
![Page 24: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
How the Brain Works:Neurons &
Neurotransmitters Involved in all physical/emotional/
cognitive function Metabolism, muscle movement,
reflex Mood, reactivity, emotions Cognition, memory, etc.
![Page 25: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Neuronal Receptor Activity
Affinity Activation
![Page 26: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Natural Rewards
FOODWATER
SEXNURTURING
ACCOMPLISHMENT
![Page 28: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Medial Forebrain Bundle
VentralTegmental Area
Nucleus Accumbens
Prefrontal Cortex
![Page 29: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Brain Effects from Chronic Substance
Abuse
![Page 30: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Un-Natural Rewards
![Page 32: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
How Drugs Work
Interact with neurochemistry
Results:Feel Good – euphoria/reward
Feel Better – reduce negative feelings
![Page 33: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Drug-Interacting Neurotransmitters
Dopamine – excitement & reward
Serotonin – feel – “normal” Endorphin/Enkephalin –
pain relief, reward, craving GABA – lowers anxiety
![Page 34: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
ABOUTDOPAMINE
TONE
![Page 35: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
1. Amount of dopamine produced
2. Length of time dopamine is available
3. Number of dopamine receptors
![Page 36: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Behavior Pathways Rewarding behaviors can become
routine Obsessive, preoccupation, compulsion “Subconscious” control of the
behavior Difficult to extinguish behaviors Resistant to change
![Page 37: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Brain Command Center
DELAY DISCOUNTING
DEMAND ELASTICITY
![Page 38: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Effective Treatment
CognitiveBehavioral Treatment
MotivationEnhance-ment
Relapse Prevention
MedicationAssisted
Treatment
Co-OccurringDisorders
![Page 39: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Related Pretrial Release Conditions
Report to court Avoid criminal activity Maintain employment Maintain residence Stay away from person or place Report to pretrial agency in person or by
phone Drug testing Avoid alcohol and illicit drug use Participate in treatment as directed by …
![Page 40: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
THE BRAIN AND RECOVERY
![Page 41: Terrence D. Walton, MSW, CSAC Director of Treatment Pretrial Services Agency for the District of Columbia Terrencewalton@aol.com](https://reader030.vdocuments.site/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e405503460f94b31ee3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Booze, Brains, and Behavior: The Psychopharmacology of Alcohol and Other Drug Use
TerrenceDwalton@ gmail.com