THE POULTRY INDUSTRY

OBJECTIVES Terms Structure of the Industry Production Factors Egg production and facts

TERMS Young Female= Chick or Pullet Mature Female= Hen Young Intact Male= Chick or

Cockeral Mature Intact Male= Rooster Young Castrated Male= Capon

TERMS Newborns= chicks Act of giving birth= no live birth! Meat chicken= broiler

SECTORS OF THE INDUSTRY Egg Production Broiler Production Raising Replacement Pullets

EGG PRODUCTION Laying Hens Confined in cages or floor pen

system Cleaning, grading, and packaging

eggs occurs on farm After production cycle, hens are

sold for meat

EGG PRODUCTION Floor system- gather 3 times a day Caged system- automatic egg

gatherer Rhode Island Red, Leghorns

5-7 eggs per week Keep hens up to 5 yrs.

Best production in first 2 years Increase light duration and

intensity for onset of egg laying

CARE AND HANDLING OF EGGS Wash eggs

Must be clean! Dry Cleaning vs. Egg Washing Machine

Maintain quality byKeep coolKeep humid65 Degrees FStore separately

They absorb odors!

EGG PRODUCTION Do you need a rooster for a hen to

lay eggs?Nope!!! Chicks are fertilized eggs

How are eggs fertilized?Internally before they are laidTakes 7-10 days for sperm to travel to ovary

Lay fertile eggs for about 6-10 days

EGG PRODUCTION How many eggs does the average

American consume per year????256 eggs/year

1945 average of 403 eggs/year…Why?CholesterolEating Habits-Breakfast anyone????

Convenience Food

NUTRITION VALUE Two Eggs Supply

7% of Calories (75 calories per egg)

28% Protein22% Phosphorus10% Iron39% Riboflavin50% Vitamin B1279% Vitamin A213 mg of Cholesterol

BROILER PRODUCTION- IMPORTANT PRODUCTION FEATURES

Raising chickens for meat High quality rations fed to secure

rapid efficienty gains Weight Gain Feed Conversion Breast Meat Yield Carcass Conformation Chick Viability Disease Resistance

BROILER PRODUCTION Grow in 7-9 weeks Slaughtered at 4 lbs. Feed Conversion 1.5:1 Require 1 square foot

REPLACEMENT PULLETS Raising chicks for egg production or broiler

production

ADVANTAGES TO RAISING POULTRY High feed efficiency Fast return on investment Low land requirements Mechanized operation

DISADVANTAGES TO RAISING POULTRY Disease and parasites Initial capital investment is high Limitations of zoning Death losses from predators and

stampede Waste disposal and odor

PRODUCTION/CONSUMPTION TRENDS

# of farms with laying hens decreased

# of chickens raised per farm increased

Eggs-- Slight decline in popularityCholesterol concerns

Chicken Meat– Major increase in popularityPerceived to have less cholesterol than beef/pork

Leading StatesLaying Hens & Egg Production

VIDEOShttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zbkkkn_PxE&feature=related

Chick Production

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJ7rrHYmFiQ

Broiler Production

POULTRY ANATOMY

POULTRY EQUIPMENT

BEAK TRIMMER

Trims peak

Machine with foot pedal

CHICK STARTER FEEDER

Feeding dish for baby chicks

CHICKEN FEEDERFeeding dish for older chicks

EGG SCALE

Weighs and classifies eggs

LEG BANDS

Identification toolCircular, numbered bands

OPEN JUG WATERERWatering dish

NIPPLE WATERERWatering deviceMinimizes waste

3 TIER COOP

Layered chicken cages