Terms from Michael Faraday ) Electrolysis splitting of compounds by electricity Electrolyte compound that conducts electricity when dissolved in water Electrode carbon or metal rod used to conduct electricity Anode positive electrode Cathode negative electrode Ion atom or group of atoms with electrical charge Anion negatively charged ion Cation positively charged ion William Crookes ( ) Cathode Ray Tube Joseph John Thomson 1897 Showed deflection negatively charged particles same regardless of source found mass/charge ratio named particles electrons Eugen Goldstein 1886 Positive particles also produced 1837 times as massive as the electrons Robert Millikan 1909 Oil Drop Experiment determined charge on electron Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 1895 accidental discovery of x-rays Antoine Henry Becquerel 1895 noticed uranium compounds exposed photographic film Marie Sklodowska (later Curie) named this radioactivity Ernest Rutherford - ~1912 Basic structure of atom Scattering Simulation Nuclear Building Blocks Science News, p. 5, January 29, 2011 Continuous Spectrum (spectrum singular; spectra plural) Line Spectra Colored lines represent the four lines in the hydrogen line spectrum Orbitals are regions in space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron Other Orbitals Order of filling of electrons At most: 14 electrons: 10 electrons: 6 electrons: 2 electrons: Helium (He) electron configuration Electron configuration of nitrogen (N) Notice the endings of the elements in the same groups e.g. H, Li, Na, K From Bing.com Specially named groupings of elements Periodic Table Live