termiii_environmental mangement_naxalism in chattisgarh

7/29/2019 TERMIII_Environmental Mangement_Naxalism in Chattisgarh

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NAXA L I SM I N C H HA T T I S G A R H

Amber

Arnab

KV Thanmai

Mohan

Shashwat

Rohan


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. Naxalism: Introduction

A Naxalism in Chhattisgarh (Ideology of naxals)

G Issues & turn up of events

E Plight of a common man

N Role of Government

D Cases

A Sugessions

AGENDA


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WHAT IS NAXALISM

Influenced by the Marxism-Leninism-Mao Tsetung philoso

Based on Comrade Charu Majumdar's historic Eight Documents

Originated in Naxalbari

Adoption of violent struggle to fight exploitation and oppresspoor to create a classless society

Cadres are from Dalit, Tribal and backward caste communities

Slogan : Land to Tillers

N

A

A

X

L

S


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Presence of Naxalism in India


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Naxalism in Chattisgarh


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Drilling down further


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Why Chhattisgarh?

Institutional failure

-Poverty

-Lack of land reforms

-Caste discrimination

and oppression

-Denial of access to

justice

Large Tribal population

Quality forest cover

Rich in miner

Location in tri junction area

Large size of admInfrastructure issue


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Chhattisgarh Census Literacy & Poverty

h l d l hh


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Changing Naxal ideology in Chhattisgar

Initially in line with their slogan of

ensuring land to tiller

Maoists now look at their ultimate aimas seizing power in Delhi by 2050

Focus therefore has shifted away trulyrepresenting the voice of the oppressed

Indulge in violence to achieve their own

self interest

A d d S h


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As a surrendered Sangham

member of the Naxalites was

reported as saying:

We were forced to become Sangham members. We gave them fooddrink, though we had so little for ourselves. For 25 years, they have b

here. Earlier they would sweet-talk us, promising to stop exploitation

Adivasis; they said they would form the government.

They made fools of us. They harass us, after the police ask questions;

even take away our young girls. Then, they began to kill. They claim

Jan Adalats, peoples court, before doling out punishments or execut

orders, but I never saw one.


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TATAS claim

Tata steel plant to be set up in a village, 55 miles from Jadgalpur Economic opportunity

Boost all round development of the Bastar region

Real estate exchange for 2.5 acres of land lost

70% land owners accepted offer

Government

To acquire 5050 acres of land across 10 villages displacing 1750 villagers

Police--No involvement in land acquisition

Villagers

1750 farmers had allegedly sold their land as per government records though they hadnt

Mehteram Kahsyap, didnt sell 20 acres of land, Jailed 3 times on charges of disturbing pe 2 busloads of villagers, jailed when they were on the way to complain to Governor

Issue of Tata Steel Plant, 2005

S l J d


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Salwa Judum

Relatives victims of Naxal violence

Induced by free rations and money

Security in the form of SPO

Coercion of villagers

(Children)

Categories of villagers joining Salwa Judum

Purification Hunt

Claim protection of villagers

Initiated in June 2005 in Kutru Mr. Mahendra Karma, Leader of opposition, gave

Salwa Judum an organized form

Recognized by government on 25th August,2005Armsgiven

Naxal supporters huunted down


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Complete collapse of law and order in the state due to attacks between Judum and N

NAXALS OR SALWA JUDUM ?????????

CONSEQUENCES OF ANARCHY SALWA JUDUM


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LOCATION

Naindra village 15 miles from Dornapal camp

Inaccessible even by mud road

ATTACK

Salwa Judum raided and burned villagers homes

Muchaki Gangas father escaped but his throat was slit and neck hanging by a k

Can not go to Police

RESCUE ACT

Clothes were given to burned homes by Maoists

Village rebuilt by Himanshu Kumar, a supporter of Tribal people

600 complaints against Judum

Police trying to label him as Maoist

According to him, judum operation to set up mining

Cant track naxals, so killing innocent people

CONSEQUENCES OF ANARCHY: SALWA JUDUM

Vill Di l t


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Displacedvillagers

Hiding injungles around

villagers

Fled toneighbouring

states

Salwa judumcamps

Relief camps by Salwa Judum45000

by 23 camps in 5 years

Villagers Displacement

CASE OF TWO VILLAGERS IN RELIEF C

20 year old newly married son killed

Accused of being Police informant

No work

Can go back to farming in future

KATHAR GANGA

Joined SPO in 2004

Salary of2500/ month

21, married, 5 year old daughter

Cant go back to village

MARKOM JORGE


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the Bastar Zone, a 40,000 square kilometer area inChhattisgarh that lies at heart of the battle. a total 20

battalions including troops from the CRPF, ITBP, BSF andSSB.

The operation began in November 2009 along five states inthe "Red Corridor.

Taken alongside the 6,000 policemen deployed in Bastar,the size of the total fighting force in the zone is about

20,000 troops


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On February 15, 2010 at least 25 policemen died after Maoists ov

security camp in West Bengal state. Naxalite-Maoist leader Kishenclaimed responsibility for the attack

On April 6, 2010, Maoist rebels killed 75 policemen/CRPF men in aambush in central India in the worst-ever massacre of security forthe insurgents.

On June 29, 2010, At least 26 policemen have been killed in a Mao

attack in the central Indian state of Chhattisgarh.


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Are tribals the guinea pigs in an insa

ideological laboratory?

Plight of the common man in Chhattisg


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Plight of the common man in Chhattisg

Extreme Poverty

Government neglect and apathy

High unemployment levels

Denied basic amenities like

schools, roads, electricity,

hospitals and drinking water

Low levels of literacy

Seek support from Na

improve their lot As p

who don't kill innocen

people and who punisgovernment officials.

Gini coefficient in Chhattisgarh

is at 0.451

TRAGEDY OF COMMONS


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At remote places

Landlords, Land

Acquisitions, Exploitation

No land documentationamong tribal

movement of landless and poor

farmers and labours against powerful

land lords, bankers and merchants.

Got sympathize & support by naxals

Increased atrocities.

People took up arms.

State is in anarchy

TRAGEDY OF COMMONS

Naxal

Commonman

GovtPolicies

Where Individuality Means WAtrocities committed by the


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Kill innocent people

Beat up villagers during Combin

Operations

Burn down houses, villages

Rapes and Sexual Assault on wo

Force / defect villagers to Salwa

Judum camps

Fir not filed against atrocities

Where Individuality Means W

War Against The State

Denied access to basic amenities causing

intra generation inequity

Absence of property rights

Prevention of developmental projects

Interference in everyday life and humantrafficking problems

Threat to safety of life

Atrocities committed by the

Naxalites

INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS: Deplorable conditions


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Reality??

Thousands fled their villages fearing retaliation either by Naxalites or

Judum forces

State claimed to provide basic amenities in the camps

makeshift camps, open from all sides

leaves of trees as roofs for the camps

inmates soaked in rainwater as roofscannot prevent the water

Square meal a day

No medical or educational facilities

Lack of security

p

Government: Increasing transaction c


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Government: Increasing transaction c

Provide mobility to the police by upgrading existing roads

Camping grounds and helipads at strategic locations

10,000-20,000 additional policeman needs to be train annually in counter-insurgency

Upgrade and strengthen approach roads to police stations and outposts where thereIEDs and landmines

Affected state loose close to 12.48% of per capita NSDP on naxalite violence

Rs 500-crore fully Centre-sponsored scheme implemented by State gove

The Central government also allocated financial assistance ofRs 2,4

to 55 Naxal-affected districts in nine States under the Backward Dist

Initiative component of the Rashtriya Sam Vikas Yojna.

Central government sanctioned Rs. 385 crores for Naxal-affected St

during 2007 under the Police Modernization Scheme and another R

crores are on the pipeline.

SecurityAid

Govt : Recent Initiatives


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Govt : Recent Initiatives

Ensures acquisition of right amount of land Ensures usage of land after acquisition

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2011

A significant step in recognizing and vesting the forest rights ofscheduled tribes and other traditional forest dwellers.

Forest Rights Act, 2006

It holds out the prospect of transforming the livelihoods of the

poorest and heralding a revolution in rural governance in India.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2006

Broadens the ambit of what is deemed unlawful.

The state government can arbitrarily declare any organisation'unlawful for a period of one year.

The Chhattisgarh Special Public Safety Bill, 2005

Unconstitutional State??


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Unconstitutional State??

Appointment of SPOs unconstitutional.

CBI ordered to investigate incidents of violence in villages

Stop funding and support to recruit SPOs

Recall all firearms issued to any of the SPOs, whether current or former

Provide appropriate security to protect the lives of former SPOs

The State of Chhattisgarh shall take all appropriate measures to prevent the operation of any groupincluding but not limited to Salwa Judum and Koya Commandos, that in any manner or form seek ttake law into private hands, act unconstitutionally or otherwise violate the human rights of anperson.

Nandini Sundar v State of Chattisgarh

It was introduced by the ruling party neither was there any public suggestion or expert committeopinion sought with respect to the implications of this legislation

Chhattisgarh Vishesh Jan Suraksha Vidheyak, 2005

"We are deeply shocked by the judgment of a


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p y y j g

Chhattisgarh court holding Dr Sen to be guilty

of sedition, and sentencing him to life

imprisonment

Naom Chomsky

He has been, I believe, unjustly

convicted,How the court came to believ

makes me surprised.

Amartya Sen

"As a doctor he served the people with

devotion and helped to save many live

human rights activist he stood up in de

of the rights of the downtrodden.

Indian Academia

Kanoon Andha Hai!

Anonymous

Binayak Sen Episode


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Who is Binayak Sen?

Indian pediatrician, public health specialist and activist

Winner of Heinz R. Pagels Human Rights of Scientist Award,2011 Nominated for International Gandhi Peace Award,2011

Paul Harrison award for a lifetime of service to the rural poor,200

R.R. Keithan Gold Medal by The Indian Academy of Social Science

Charges of sedition against state, was given lifetime imprisonmen

Arrested under CSPSA,2005 and unlawful activities prevention ac

Later, Supreme court drops sedition charges,2011

Worldwide outrage by NGOs, Governments and academia

Binayak Sen Episode

Case Study: Soni Sori - A Travesty Of J


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Soni Sori an adivasi school teacher in

Jabeli, Dantewada

Mother of 3 children.

Refused to tell the details of her

nephew, Lingaram Kodopi, anoutspoken journalist.

Charged under the Unlawful

Activities PreventionAct(UAPA)

Falsely accused for Maoist

violence and alleged go-

betweens for a bribe by Essar

to the Maoists.

Given electric shocks,

tortured, sexually abused and

molested by the police

Suffered injuries

No action taken against

errant police officers.

A chilling account of silencing the weak and injust

meted out by the police

Case Study: Soni Sori A Travesty Of J

Ankit Garg,

Abused and assaulte

Irony:

And the governmentpresented Gallentry

Ankit Garg

Recommendations


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Recommendations

Improve connectivity

Strengthen the grievance redressal systems

Encourage civil society groups

Include laws in the forest act that give priority to forest dwelling tribe

Provide local population control over development


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CAPABILITIES

INSTITUTIONSCOMMUNITY PARTICIPATION


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Seussian poem:

I read it on the train.

I read it on the plane.

I read it on the bus.

I read it with no fuss.

I read it before bed.I read it for whats said.

But this I wont forget.

Why would I be upset?

Why would I be upset.

Lets Bring T

Change