term programme hours/ total week hours v … office practice/pdf/v team.pdf · approaches to edp...

TERM PROGRAMME HOURS/

WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS

V DIPLOMA IN MODERN OFFICE

PRACTICE

4 64

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

207

AUDITING 75 30

MAJOR UNITS

I INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PROCEDURE OF AUDIT

II INTERNAL CHECK, INTERNAL CONTROL &INTERNAL AUDIT

III VOUCHING

IV VERIFICATION AND VALUATION

V SPECIALIZED AUDITS AND EDP AUDIT

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PROCEDURE OF AUDIT

The Origin of auditing – Definition of auditing-book – keeping-accounting-auditing investigation

– objects of auditing-classification of audits-audit Programme-audit working papers-ownership of

working papers. Advantages of an Audit

UNIT – II INTERAL CHECK, INTERNAL CONTROL &INTERNAL AUDIT

Definition and objects of internal check-internal control-internal audit, Internal check for cash,

purchases, sales and wages-Internal audit and Statutory Audit-Audit control-Audit control over

Assistants-Audit control over work Performed by Others-Coordinating the work of other Auditors.

UNIT – III VOUCHING

Meaning and importance of vouching – Points to be noted in a voucher-Vouching the debit side

of the Cash Book-Teaming and Lading Method of frauds-How to detect such a frauds-vouching the credit

side of the cash book-Wages – Auditors Duty regarding wages-Capital Expenditure-Loans-Salaries-

Directors Fees etc.-Trading transactions – vouching of ledgers – vouching of cash transactions – routine

checking and vouching.

UNIT – IV VERIFICATION AND VALUATION & APPOINTMENT OF AUDITOR

Meaning of Verification-Problems in Valuation of Assets-Valuation of assets during inflationary

period-Fixed assets-Stock-Investments-debtors-Valuation of different classes of Assets-Market value-

Contingent Liabilities – Appointment of auditors – remuneration – removal – qualification – rights -

powers – duties – liabilities of auditors.

UNIT – V SPECIALIZED AUDITS AND EDP AUDIT

Trading and Non-trading concerns-Charitable Institutions-Educational Institutions-Hospitals-

Branch audit –Transport companies -Cinema Theatres--Executors and Trustees-Clubs-Hotels-Publishers-

News papers and periodicals-

Approaches to EDP auditing - Auditing through computers

TEXT BOOKS:

1. B.N .Tandon, Practical Auditing, Sultan Chand And Sons, 5th Edition, 2005

2. Dinagar Pagare, Principles And Practices Of Auditing, Sultan Chand &Sons, 4th

Edition, 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Pradeep Kumar, Baldev Sachideva, Jagwant Singh, Auditing –Theory and

Practice, Kalyani Publishers, 5th edition, 2001

2. R.g .Saxena, C.Mallikarjuna Rao, Practical Auditing, Himalaya Publishers, 1st

edition, 2002.

3. S.Vengadamani, Practical Auditing, Margham Publications, 1st Edition, 2005

* * *

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – I TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : AUDITING COURSE CODE : M7MP 207

Note: 1. Answer all questions, choosing any TWO from (A) and

any ONE from (B).

2. Each question in (A) carries 3 marks and in (B) carries 9 marks.

* * *

I A 1. Explain the nature of auditing.

2. Explain the term audit programme.

3. What are the classifications of audit?

B 1. State the relationship between auditing and accountancy.

2. What are the objectives of auditing?

II A 1. State the special features of internal control.

2. Explain the difference between internal check and internal control

3. State the objectives of internal check.

B 1. What are the points taken into account while checking the cash book?

2. How will the auditor check the wages?

III A 1. What do you mean by vouching?

2. How will auditor vouch director fees?

3. What are the rules will followed while vouching the balance sheet

audit

B 1.”Vouching is the backbone of auditing”-discuss

2. What are the steps to be followed while vouching trading

transactions?

IV A 1. Explain the significance of verification and valuation assets and

Liabilities.

2. State any three disqualification of an auditor.

3. How do you verify plant and machinery?

B 1. Explain the rights and duties of an auditor.

2. How will an auditor verify the contingent liabilities?

V A 1. What are the advantages of auditing through computer?

2. What do you mean by EDP audit?

3. Explain the procedures to be followed in the audit of accounts

of a club.

B 1. Draw an audit programme of an educational institution.

2. Chalk out an audit programme of the auditing of hospitals.

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – II TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : AUDITING COURSE CODE : M7MP 207


any ONE from (B).


I A. 1. Define the term Auditing.

2. What are the objects of auditing?

3. What is an investigation?

B 1. Explain the classification of audits.

2. State the relationship between auditing and accountancy.

II A Write a short notes on

1. Internal control

2. Internal check

3. Internal audit

B 1. Define internal check and give a system for proper recording and

payment of wages in a manufacturing concern.

2. What do you mean by Internal Check? Give a system of internal

check for cash receipts and payments.

III A 1. Write short notes on Vouching?

2. What are the objects of vouching?

3. Explain about routine checking and vouching.

B 1. What are the steps to be followed while vouching trading

transactions?

2. How would you vouch cash transactions?

IV A 1. What do you understand by verification?

2. State any three qualification of an auditor.

3. Write short notes on valuation of good will.

B 1. Explain the duties and liabilities of an auditor.

2. Discuss the duty of an auditor in relation to verification and

valuation of stock in trade.

V A 1. Write short notes on audit of a club.

2. What do you mean by EDP audit.

3. What are the advantages of auditing with computer?

B 1. Describe the steps you would take while conducting the audit of

educational institutions.

2. Draw an audit programme of a cinema company.


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS


PRACTICE

5 80

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

310

ADVANCED ACCOUNTANY - III 75 30

MAJOR UNITS

I BRANCH ACCOUNTS

II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS

III INSURANCE CLAIMS

IV ROYALTIES

V DEPRECIATION

UNIT-I BRANCH ACCOUNTS

Different types of Branches – Advantages – Accounts of various types of Branches –

Branches selling both for cash and on credit – Goods invoiced to branch at selling price – Stock

and Debtor system – Independent Branches.

UNIT – II DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS

Meaning – Advantages – Allocation of expenses – Inter department transfer –

Preparation of Departmental accounts

UNIT – III INSURANCE CLAIMS

Meaning–Types of claim - Life – Fire – Marine – Calculation of Fire claim – Loss of

stock – Average clause

UNIT IV – ROYALTIES

Meaning – problems on Royalty to be recorded in the books of Lessor and Lessee – with

Minimum Rent and without Minimum Rent account.

UNIT – V DEPRECIATION

Meaning and importance of Depreciation – necessary consideration to determine

depreciation – various methods of depreciation – Fixed instalment method – Reducing Balancing

Method – Annuity Method – Depreciation Fund – Sinking Fund – Insurance Policy method -

Revaluation method.

RECOMMENDED REFERENCE BOOKS

S.NO. AUTHOR TITLE PUBLISHER

1. T.S.Reddy & A.Murthy Financial

Accounting

Margham Publications,

Chennai

2. S.P.Jain K.L.Narang Advanced

Accountancy

Kalyani Publishers,

New Delhi

3. T.S.Reddy &

A.Murthy

Advanced

Accountancy

Margham Publications,

Chennai

4.

R.L.Gupta &

M.Radhaswamy

Advanced

Accountancy

Sultan Chand and Sons,

New Delhi

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – I

TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : ADVANCED

ACCOUNTANCY - III COURSE CODE : M7MP 310

PART A

Answer any THREE Questions: (3 x 5 = 15)

a) What are the advantages of preparing Departmental accounts?

b) What is meant by cash in transit and goods in transit?

c) Write short notes on Average Clause

d) What are the causes for depreciation?

e) Write short notes on

a) Minimum rent

b) Short-working

‘

PART B

Answer any FOUR Questions: (4 x 15 = 60)

1) The Head Office of a company invoices goods to its Delhi Branch at cost plus 20%. The Delhi

branch also purchases independently from local parties’ goods for which payments are made by

the Head Office. All the cash collected by the Branch is banked on the same day to the credit of

the Head Office and all expenses are directly paid by the Head Office except for a petty cash

account maintained by the branch for which periodical transfers are made from the Head Office.

From the following particulars show the Branch Account as maintained in the Head Office

books, reflecting the Branch profit for the year ended 31.12.1988.

Rs. Rs.

Petty Cash Balances Sundry debtors on 31.12.98 24,000

1.1.1988 2,000 Goods sent to Branch from H.O. at

invoice price

60,000

31.12.1988 1,850 Transfer from H.O for petty cash

expenses

2,500

Cash received from debtors 1,25,000 Bad debts 1,000

Stock on 1.1.1988 Transferred

from H.O.

At invoice price 24,000

Directly purchased

By Branch 16,000

40,000

Discount to customers

2,000

Cash sales 45,000 Branch expenses 30,000

Credit sales 1,30,000 Stock on 31.12.1988:

Direct purchases 45,000 Transferred from H.O.

At Invoice value 18,000

Directly purchased

by Branch 12,000

Returns from customers 3,000 30,000

2. The Trading and Profit and Loss Account of T.V and Radio Equipment Co., for the six

months ended 31st March, 1991 is presented to you in the following form:

Dr Rs. Cr Rs.

Purchases: Sales:

TV sets (A) 14,07,000 TV sets (A) 15,00,000

Radio Sets (B) 9,06,000 Radio Sets (B) 10,00,000

Spare Parts for servicing (C ) 6,44,000 Receipts from Servicing and

Repair Jobs©

2,50,000

Salaries and Wages 4,80,000 Stock on 31st March, 1991

Rent 1,08,000 TV sets (A) 6,01,000

Sundry Expenses 1,10,000 Radio Sets (B) 2,03,000

Profit 3,45,000 Spare Parts for Servicing ( C ) 4, 46,000

40,00,000 40,00,000

Prepare Departmental Account for each of the three Departments A, B and C mentioned

above after taking into consideration the following information:-

1) TV sets and Radio Sets are sold at the showroom; servicing and repairs and

carried out at the workshop.

2) Salaries and Wages comprises as follows:-

Show room ¾ Workshop ¼

It was decided allocate the showroom Salaries and Wages in the ratio 1:2 between

the Departments A and B.

3) The Workshop Rent is Rs.5, 000 per month. The rent of the Showroom is to be

divided equally between Department A and B.

4) Sundry expenses are to be allocated on the basis of the turnover of each

Department.

3. A fire occurred on the premises of a merchant on 15th June, 1990, and a considerable part

of the stock was destroyed. The value of the stock saved was Rs.9, 000.The books disclosed

that on 1st April, 1990, the stock was valued at Rs.73, 500, purchases to the date the fire

amounted to Rs.2, 09,880 and sales to Rs.3, 13,000. On investigation, it was found that

during the past five years the average gross profit on the sales was 36%. You are required to

prepare a statement showing the amount the merchant should claim from the insurance

company in respect of stock destroyed or damaged by the fire.

4. Bengal Coal Limited leases a colliery on 1st January, 1986 at a minimum rent of

Rs.15,000 merging into a royalty of Rs.1 per ton with a stipulation to recoup short workings

over the first three years of the lease. The output for the First four years of the lease was

8,000; 13,000; 21,000 and 18,000 tons respectively. Draft the necessary journal entries in the

books of the company giving effect to the above.

5. A company which closes its books of account every year on 31st March, Purchased on

1st July,1987 machinery costing Rs.90,000/- It purchased further machinery on 1st

January 1988 costing Rs.60,000 and 1st October, 1988 costing Rs.30,000. On 1sst April

1989 one third of the machinery which was installed on 1st July, 1987 became obsolete and

was sold for Rs.9,000. Show how the Machinery Account would appear for three years

ended 31st March, 1990 in the books of the company it being given that machinery was

depreciated by the Straight Line Method at 10% per annum.

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – II

TERM : V TIME : 3HRS

PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75

COURSE : ADVANCED

ACCOUNTANCY - III

COURSE CODE : M7MP 310

PART A

Answer any THREE Questions: (3 x 5 = 15)

1) Write short notes on inter-departmental transfer

2) What are the types of branches?

3) Define Average clause

4) What are the various methods of charging depreciation?

5) Write short notes on: a) Cash price b) Down payment

PART B

Answer any FOUR Questions: (4 x 15 = 60)

1. A lease is purchased for a term of 5 years by payment of Rs.1,25,000. It is proposed to

depreciated the lease by the annuity method charging 10 per cent interest. If annuity of Rs.1 for

5 years at 10% is 0.263797, show the Lease Account for the full period.

2. The Bengal Coal Co. are lessees of a mine on a royalty of Rs.20 per tonne of coal raised,

with a Dead Rent of Rs.4,00,000 per annum, and power to recoup “Short workings” during the

first five years of the lease. The output for the first five years was as follows:-

1st Year-2,500 tones, 2

nd Year-12,000 tones, 3

rd Year-20,000 tones, 4

th Year-30,000 tones,

5th Year-30,000 tones.

Write up Dead Rent A/C, Royalties A/c, Short working A/c and the Landlord’s Account in the

Company’s ledger.

3. A fire occurred on 15th September,1990 in the godown of M/S. A and B. From the

following figures ascertain the claim to be lodged.

Stock on 1st April,1990 1,05,300

Purchases from 1st April , 1990 to date of fire 3,50,400

Manufacturing expenses and wages 2,60,000

Sales from 1st April ,1990 to date of fire 6,76,000

Goods used by the partners themselves (at cost) 10,500

The rate of gross profit is 30 percent on cost. The stock salvaged was valued at Rs 36,000.

4. In the month of January 1990 the following purchases were made by a business house

having three departments:

Department 1,000 units|

Department 2,000 units| at a total cost of Rs. 1,00,000

Department 2,400 units|

Stocks on 1st January were:

Department A 120 units, Department B: 80 units and Department C 152 units. The sales for the

month were:

Department A 1,020 units at Rs.20 each

Department B 1,920 units at Rs.22.50 each

Department C 2,496 units at Rs 25 each

The rate of gross profit is the same in each case. Prepare Departmental Trading Accounts.

5) The Bharat stores Ltd. Agra has a branch at Kanpur. Goods are invoiced to the branch at

selling price being cost plus 25% The branch keeps its own sales ledger and deposits all cash

received daily to the Head office Accounts opened at the State Bank of India, Kanpur. All

expenses area paid by cheque from Agra.

From the following details, prepare a Branch Accounts in the head office books and make the

necessary adjustments there-in to arrive at the actual branch profit and loss during the year ended

31st March, 1990.

Stock, 1st April. 1989

75,000 Cash sales for the

year 3,24,000

Stock 31st March 1990 90,000 Credit sales 2,10,000

Sundry debtors31st April, 1989 42,000

Cash received from

ledger accounts 1,98,000

Sundry debtors, 31st March,

1990 54,000

Wages paid 20,400

Goods invoiced from Head

Office 5,46,000

Wages still owing 2,000

Rent, rates and taxes 24,000

Sundry expenses 4,800


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS


PRACTICE

4 64

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

208

COST ACCOUNTING 75 30

MAJOR UNITS

I INTRODUCTION OF COST ACCOUNTING

II COST SHEET AND MATERIAL CONTROL

III LABOUR CONTROL AND REMUNERATION

IV OVERHEADS

V PROCESS COSTING AND MARGINAL COSTING

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION OF COST ACCOUNTING

Meaning and Definition of Cost, Costing, Cost Accounting and Cost Accountancy-Scope

- Objectives –advantages and Limitation of Cost Accounting- Differences between Financial

Accounting and Cost Accounting- Limitations of Financial Accounting - Classification Cost on

the basis of Elements, Functions and Nature – Meaning of Cost centre, Cost unit and Profit

centre- Methods of Costing.

UNIT – II COST SHEET AND MATERIAL CONTROL

Elements of Cost-Classification of Overheads-Expenses excluded from Costing-

Preparation of Cost sheet-Meaning of Material-Objectives of Material control-Centralised and

Decentralised Purchasing-Bin card-Stores Ledger-EOQ-ABC Analysis-Perpetual Inventory

System- Pricing of Materials Issues under LIFO, FIFO, Simple average method and Weighted

average methods – Computation of various Stock levels.

UNIT – III LABOUR CONTROL AND REMUNERATION

Labour turn over-causes-Measurement of Labour turn over-Meaning of Normal, time,

Idle time, Abnormal Idle time, Over time, Time study, Motion study and Job evaluation-

Essentials of good wage system-Time rate system-Piece rate system- Calculation of labour

remuneration under Taylor’s differential piece rate system, Halsey premium plan, Emerson

efficiency plan and Rowan plan.

UNIT – IV OVERHEADS

Meaning and importance of Overhead-Function-wise classification of Overhead –

Meaning of Allocation and Apportionment of Overhead costs- Bases of apportionment-

Problems on Primary and Secondary Distributin Overhead (repeated distribution method only)-

Absorption of Overhead-Meaning-Methods - Under and Over absorption of Overhead-

Computation of Machine hour rate

UNIT – V PROCESS COSTING AND MARGINAL COSTING

Meaning of Process Costing-Characteristic- Preparation of Process account with

adjustment of Normal loss abnormal loss and abnormal gain-Marginal costing-meaning-features

- advantages –Limitations-Meaning of Marginal cost-Marginal costing and Absorption costing-

Cost-Volume-Profit analysis- Break Even Chart-Computation of Profit volume ratio-Break even

point-Margin of safety-Application of Marginal costing and managerial Decisions-Make or buy

decision and Export decision.

Reference Books:

Cost Accounting BY T.S. Reddy & Y. Hari prasad reddy

Cost Accounting BY Text and Problems by M.C. Shukla, T.S. Grewal and M.P. Gupta

Practical Costing BY B.S. Khanna, I.M. Pandey, G.K. Ahuja & S.C.L. Batra


TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : COST ACCOUNTING COURSE CODE : M7MP 208

PART – A

Answer any THREE of the following Questions ( 3 X 5 = 15)

I. 1. Define cost Accounting.

2. Explain EOQ.

3. Calculate the wages due to a worker concerning who the following data

are supplied : Normal Hours in a week – 44 Hours; Actual hours worked

– 50 Hours Rate per hour: Normal – 1.25

Over time – 200% of normal rate.

4. Explain "Absorption of overhead".

5. Margin of safety is Rs. 2,00,000: P/V ratio is 20%. What is Profit?.

PART – B

Answer any FOUR of the following Questions ( 4 X 15 = 60)

1. Distinguish between Cost Accounting and Financial Accounting.

2. In a factory 30,000 units of product were manufactured in the month of July.

From the Accounting figures obtained from the costing Records, prepare cost

sheet showing cost per unit.

Rs.

Opening stock of Raw materials 8,000

Purchase 85,000

Closing Stock 17,000

Direct labour 40,000

Insurance of factory 5,000

Repairs and maintenance 10,000

Legal Charges 4,000

Telephone and postages 1,500

Showroom rent 6,000

Warehouse rent and rates 10,000

Depreciation of plant and machinery 4,000

Office Stationery 5,000

Salesman’s salaries 25,000

3 . From the following data prepare a statement showing the cost per day

of 8 Hours of engaging a particular type of labour.

(a) Monthly salary (Basic plus Dearness allowances) Rs. 200

(b) Leave salary payable to the workmen 5%

(c) Employers contribution to Provident Fund 8 % of salary (Items (a)

and (b)

(d) Employer's contribution to state Insurance 2.5 % of salary (Items (a)

and (b)

(e) Pro-rata expenditure and amenities to labour Rs. 17.95 per head

per month

(f) No. of working hours in a month 200 days

4 Calculate the machine hour rate from the following:

Cost of machine

Cost of installation

Scrap value after 10 years

Rent, rates for quarter for the shop

General lighting (per month)

Shop supervision salary per quarter

Insurance premium per annum

Estimate repairs(p.a)

Rs.

80,000

20,000

20,000

3,000

200

6,000

600

1,000

Power 2 units per hour @ Rs. 50 per 100 units. Estimated hours per annum

2000. The machine occupies 1/4th of the total area of the shop. The supervisor devotes

1/6th of his time for supervising this machine. General lighting is to be apportioned on

the basis of floor area.

5. From the following information relating to Palani Bros. Ltd.’ you are required to

Find out (a) P/V Ratio

(b) Break even point

(c) Profit

(d) Margin of Safety

(e) Volume of sales to earn profit of Rs. 6,000

(f) Required Profit when sales is 60,000

Rs.

Total fixed costs 4,500

Total variable costs 7,500

Total sales 15,000

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – II TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : COST ACCOUNTING COURSE CODE : M7MP 208

PART – A

ANSWER ANY THREE OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ( 3 X 5 = 15)

I 1. What do you mean by cost centre?

2. What are the differences between Bin Card and Stores Ledger.

3. Write short notes on Idle time.

4. What do you mean by under and over absorption of overhead?

5. What do you mean by process costing?

PART B

II ANSWER ANY FOUR OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ( 4 X 15 = 60)

1. The following details have been obtained from the cost centres of A. Ltd.

PARTICULARS RS.

Stock of raw materials (1.1.2010) 75,000

Stock of raw materials (31.12.2010) 91,500

Direct wages 52,500

Indirect wages 2,750

Sales 2,11,000

Work in progress (1.12.2010) 28,000

Work in progress (31.12.2010) 35,000

Purchase of raw materials 66,000

Factory rent, rates and power 15,000

Depreciation of plant and machinery 3,500

Expenses on purchases 1,500

Carriage outwards 2,500

Advertising 3,500

Traveller’s wages and commission 6,500

Stock of finished goods (1.12.2010) 54,000

Stock of finished goods (31.12.2010) 31,000

Prepare a cost sheet giving the maximum possible breakup of costs and profit.

2. S Ltd manufacture a special product Zed. The following particulars were collected for

the current year.

a) Monthly demand of zed – 1000 units

b) Cost of placing an order Rs.100

c) Annual carrying cost per unit Rs.15

d) Normal usage 50 units per week

e) Minimum usage 25 units per week

f) Maximum usage 75 units per week

g) Recording period 4 to 6 weeks

Compute from the above

a) Recorder quantity b) Reorder level c) Minimum level

d) Maximum level and average level

3. From the following particulars work out the earnings for the week of a worker under

a) Straight piece rate system

b) Differential piece rate system

c) Halsey premium system

d) Rowan system

Number of working hours per week – 48

Wages per hour – Rs.3.75

Rate per piece Rs.1.50

Normal time piece rate – 20 minutes

Normal output per week – 120 pieces

Actual output per week – 150 pieces

Differential piece rate – 80% of piece rate when output is below standard and 120% when

above standard.

4. K limited has three production departments P1, P2 and P3 and two service departments

S1 and S2. The following figures are extracted from the records of the company.

Rent and Rates – Rs.5000; Indirect wages – Rs.1500; Depreciation of Machinery –

Rs.10,000; General Lighting – Rs.600; Power – Rs.1,500 and Sundries – Rs.10,000.

Total P1 P2 P3 S1 S2

Floor Space (Sq.Meters) 10,000 2,000 2,500 3,000 2,000 500

Light point 60 10 15 20 10 5

Direct wages (Rs.) 10,000 3,000 2,000 3,000 1,500 500

H.P. of machines 150 60 30 50 10 -

Value of machinery

(Rs.)

2,50,000 60,000 80,000 1,00,000 5,000 500

Apportion the costs to various departments on the most equitable basis by preparing a

primary department distribution summary.

5. The following information was obtained from a company in a certain year:

RS.

Sales 1,00,000

Variable costs 60,000

Fixed costs 30,000

Find the P/V ratio, Break even point and margin of safety.


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS


PRACTICE

4 64

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

209 ORACLE 75 30

MAJOR UNITS

I RDBMS CONCEPTS

II SQL AND SQL*PLUS

III OBJECTS, OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE, MAINTENANCE, SECURITY

IV PL/SQL: PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

V APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION

UNIT-I RDBMS CONCEPTS

1.1 Meaning of Database – Physical File as Database – Computerised DBMS - RDBMS

1.2 Data Models: Record Based Logical Model , Hierarchical Model, Network Model,

Relational Model – Entity, UOD, Schema, Relations/Tables, Attributes, Columns, Degree

of Table, Rows/Tuples, Population, Instance, Snapshot, Domain, Primary Key, Simple

PK, Composite Key, Candidate Key, Alternate Key, Foreign Key

1.3 Data Modelling: ER Diagram – Entities – Attributes – Defining Relationships –

Cardinality – Ordinality – Converting ER Diagram to a Relational Model

1.4 Normalisation: Codd’s 12 Rules for RDBMS – Process of Normalisation – First NF –

Second NF – Third NF – Boyce Codd Normal Form – Denormalisation

1.5 Integrity Constraints: Definition – Levels – Classification – Domain Constraint: NOT

NULL

Validity Constraint: CHECK Entity Integrity Constraints: PRIMARY KEY,

UNIQUE

Referential Integrity Constraints: FOREIGN KEY, REFERENCES, ON DELETE

CASCADE

UNIT – II SQL AND SQL*PLUS

2.1 Oracle Products: Oracle DB - Oracle Developer Suite - Oracle Application Server

2.2 Oracle Data Types: CHAR, CHAR(N), VARCHAR2(N), LONG, NUMBER,

NUMBER(N), NUMBER(p,s), DATE, TIMESTAMP, RAW, BLOB

2.3 Oracle Operators: Mathematical Operators, Comparison or Relational Operators,

Logical/Boolean Operators, Special Operators (IN, IS, LIKE, BETWEEN)

2.4 SQL*Plus – Role – Commands: Append, Change, Clear Buffer, Delete, Input, List, /

(slash), Save, Get, Start, Host, Exit (Quit)

2.5 Oracle Built-in Functions: Math Functions, String Functions, Date Functions, Group

Functions, List Functions, Transformation Functions

2.6 SQL Structured Query Language – Introduction - SQL Commands: DQL: SELECT

DDL: CREATE, ALTER, DROP DML: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE DCL: GRANT,

REVOKE, SET ROLE TCL: COMMIT WORK, ROLLBACK

2.7 Report Writing: Formatting raw data into meaningful and attractive report - Setting

the Report Environment – Set the Page Size and Line Size – Define the Header

(TTitle) and Footer (BTitle) – Define Column Headings – Format Column Values -

Distinguish Groups: Break Logic, Break and Skip Logic, Compute Sum - Generating

the Report: Retrieve records with Select statement using the WHERE clause and

ORDER BY clause - Saving the report: Spool – Spool Off – Spool Out

UNIT – III OBJECTS, OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE, MAINTENANCE, SECURITY

3.1 Oracle Objects: Schema, Tablespace, Role, User, Table, Synonym, Sequence, View,

Materialised View, Index, Trigger, Function, Procedure, Package - Oracle Object

Naming Rules and Conventions

3.2 SEQUENCES: Creating a Sequence, Initializing a Sequence, Determining the Last

Running Sequence Number, Accessing the Successive Sequence Values, Modifying

Sequence, Dropping Sequence

3.3 SYNONYMS: Creating a Synonym, Using Synonyms, Dropping Synonyms

3.4 JOINS: Inner Join, Outer Join, Non-equi Join, Self Join, Cartesian product

3.5 SET OPERATORS: INTERSECT, UNION, UNION ALL, MINUS, DISTINCT

3.6 VIEWS: View from one table, View from Multiple Tables, Materialised View

3.7 INDEXES: Simple Index, Composite Index, Unique Index, Index, B-Tree, Bitmap Index

3.8 LOCKS AND LATCHES: Locks: Meaning, Modes: Exclusive and Share Mode, DML

Locks, DDL Locks - Latches: Meaning, Types: Wait and No-wait Latches

3.9 TABLE PARTITION: Need for Partition, Benefits, Partition Key

Types: Range Partition, List Partition, Hash Partition, Composite Partition

UNIT – IV PL/SQL: PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS

4.1 Language Fundamentals:

What is PL/SQL, Block, Block Labels, Block structure, PL/SQL Character Set,

Identifiers,

Literals

4.2 PL/SQL Program Structure

Conditional and Sequential Control

IF Statements, Case Statements and Expressions, the GOTO Statement, the NULL

statement

Iterative Processing With Loops

Loop Basics, Simple Loop, WHILE Loop, Numeric FOR Loop, Cursor FOR Loop, Loop

Labels

Exception Handlers:

Exception Handling Concepts, Defining Exception, Raising Exception, Handling

Exception

UNIT – V APPLICATION CONSTRUCTION

5.1 Working with Data: Data Naming Rules, Data Types: Scalar: Char, Varchar, Number,

Long, Date, Boolean, Exception Aggregate: Records, Tables, V_Arrays

5.2 SQL in PL/SQL

Data Retrieval: Cursor Basics, Working with Implicit Cursors, Working with Explicit

Cursor, Cursor Variables, REF Cursors, Cursor Expressions, Binding Variables

5.3 Application Construction

Triggers: Definition – Purpose – Types – Instead of Triggers – Restrictions

Functions: Structure - Compiling a Function - Calling a Function

Procedures: Advantages – Components - Compilation – Execution – Dropping - Calling

from other programs - Parameter Passing

Packages: Advantages – Components – Creating - Calling Package Functions and

Procedures - Executing Package Functions and Procedures – Dropping Packages

Reference:

Oracle: A Beginner’s Guide – Michael Abbey, Michael Corey, and Ian Abramson

Oracle PL/SQL – Steven Feuerstein and Bill Pribyl

Oracle Database – Satish Asnani


TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : ORACLE COURSE CODE : M7MP 209


any ONE from (B).


* * *

I A 1 What is RDBMS?

2 Explain the PK concept.

3 State Codd’s 12 Rules

B 1 Explain Data Modeling with an ER diagram?

2 Explain the Integrity Constraints in detail.

II A 1 State SQL data types.

2 Give the different types of Operators in Oracle

3 What is SQL*Plus?

B 1 Classify the SQL commands.

2 Explain the different types of built-in functions in Oracle with examples.

III A 1 What is a View?

2 What is a Sequence?

3 What are Locks and Latches?

B 1 What is a Join? Explain the different types of Joins.

2 What is Table Partitioning? What are the different types?

IV A 1 Explain PL/SQL block structure.

2 State the PL/SQL Character Set

3 What is an Exception?

B 1 Explain the different types of IF statements.

2 Explain the different types of Loops.

V A 1 State the PL/SQL data types.

2 What is a Function?

3 What is a Package? What are the advantages?

B 1 What are Triggers? Explain the different types?

2 What is a Cursor? Explain the procedure to handle a cursor.


TERM : V TIME : 3HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : ORACLE COURSE CODE : M7MP 209


any ONE from (B).


* * *

I A 1. What is RDBMS?

2. What is primary key?

3. What is denormalisation?

B 1. Explain Boyce Codd Normal form

2. Explain check and unique constraints.

II A 1. Explain relational operators in oracle.

2. Explain spool & spool out commands.

3. What is the use of Roll back command?

B 1. Explain any three mathematical built in functions in oracle.

2. Explain DDL commands in oracle.

III A 1. Explain trigger.

2. What is view?

3. What is the need for Table partition?

B 1. Explain the role of procedures in oracle.

2. Explain the role “set operators”

IV A 1. What is PL/SQL Block

2. What is the use of GOTO statement?

3. What is exception?

B 1. Explain the various forms of if statements.

2. Explain while loop & for loop.

V A 1. Explain varcher & data type.

2. What is a Binding variable?

3. What is package?

B 1. Explain cursor basics.

2. How will you compile and call a function?


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS


PRACTICE

4 64

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP 314 TYPEWRITING ENGLISH

SENIOR PAPER I (GTE)

IAM

-

EEM

30

TOTAL

45

DETAILED SYLLABUS

CONTENTS

NAME OF TOPICS

SPEED ( 10 minutes)

To Type on one side of the paper an ordinary printed passage without heading and few

figures if necessary and not exceeding three paragraphs, consisting of 2250 strokes, with the

minimum capital letters, in double line spacing, with ten degrees margin on the left.

Special attention must be paid to accuracy and neatness of execution.

Note:

• Five strokes will be counted as a word.

• Each depression of character key or the space bar will be counted as a stroke

• No stroke is counted for paragraph indentation or depression of shift key.

• Two strokes are counted after every full stop, interrogation sign or exclamation mark.

• 7.5 marks will be awarded to all the candidates who are able to keep the rate of speed and

have completed the passage in the stipulated time of 10 minutes.

IAM – INTERNAL ASSESSMENT MARK

EEM – END EXAMINATION MARK

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – I TERM : V TIME : 10 Minutes PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : TYPEWRITING ENGLISH

SENIOR PAPER I (GTE) COURSE CODE : M7MP 314

MODEL QUESTION PAPER – II TERM : V TIME : 10 Minutes PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : TYPEWRITING ENGLISH

SENIOR PAPER I (GTE) COURSE CODE : M7MP 314


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS


PRACTICE

4 64

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

316 COMMUNICATION AND LIFE SKILLS PRACTICAL 75 35

TOPICS AND ALLOCATION OF HOURS:

Sl.No Section No. of hours

1 Part-A:Monodic Communication 16

2 Part-B:Dyadic Communication 16

3 Part-C:Professional Communication 16

4 Part-D:Life Skills 16

Total 64

RATIONALE

Nowadays, effective and error free communication is a basic need. Communication

through English is the order of the day for entry and survival in any corporate. Training in

Monodic communication (one man communication) Dyadic communication (a pair

communication) and Professional communication (may be Monodic, Dyadic or Group

communication) is attempted through these practical modules. One can improve one’s

communication skills by enriching one’s vocabulary, particularly active vocabulary and standard

everyday expressions and using them in various contexts. Practice alone, both on the campus and

outside the campus, can help a learner to grow proficient in the art of Communication.

Language is the most commonly used and effective medium of self-expression in all

spheres of human life - personal, social and professional. A student must have a fair knowledge

of English language use and various communicative functions. He/she must be able to pursue the

present course of study and handle the future jobs in industry. The objective of the course is to

assist the diploma holders to acquire proficiency in monodic, dyadic and professional

communication skills and selective but most important life skills. At the end of the course, the

student will be able to communicate his ideas fearfree and errorfree, in social and professional

spheres of life and imbibe life skills.

SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES

Communication is crucial as it influences every aspect of one’s personal development.

Having a sound grounding in reading and writing techniques allows a student to progress on to

higher level literacy skills. Many students struggle because their basic decoding is so inaccurate

that advanced comprehension is difficult for them. Because of their poor exposure and poor use

of English language in various spheres of life they suffer proper communication. They also tend

to be ‘afraid’ of words and in turn they are not able to develop their personal vocabulary. In

otherwords, without solid literacy skills, the student’s prospects and life chances are limited. It is

a fact that Communication skills and Life Skills shapes one’s personality.

MONODIC COMMUNICATION

The student is able to:

1. Practice using departmental words and terminology in sentences.

2. Prepare and perform oral presentations.

3. Introduce one self and others.

4. Deliver welcome address and vote of thanks.

5. Compare a program.

6. Describe the visuals.

7. Take notes, answer very short questions.

8. Comprehend an auditory/oral passage.

DYADIC COMMUNICATION


1. Adopt various communicative functions.

2. Prepare and perform a dialogue.

3. Adopt the basics of telephone etiquette.

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICAITON


1. Prepare a resume.

2. Take part in a group discussion.

3. Communicate through body language.

4. Adopt the interview skills with professional presence.

5. Perform mock interview.

LIFE SKILLS


1. Prepare for and deal with change.

2. Adopt motivation, goal-setting and self-esteem.

3. Adopt Teamwork skills.

4. Adopt Time management.

5. Adopt Emotional intelligence skills.

6. Assert Positively.

7. Adopt Interview etiquette.

8. Plan career.

Understand Strength, weakness (long term, short term).

LEARNING STRUCTURE

To enable the students to practice monodic communication, dyadic communication

professional communication and imbibe life skills through various modes of practical learning

and assignments.

PROCEDURE MONODIC

COMMUNICATION

DYADIC

COMMUNICATION

PROFESSIONAL

COMMUNICATION

LIFE SKILLS

PRINCIPLES Identifying various platforms

Exposure to dialogue situations, exposure to telephone etiquette.

Exposure to resume writing, group discussion, interviews.

Exposure to selective life skills/problem solving skills.

CONCEPTS Sharing opinions, feeling, with or without audience.

Understanding the basic communicative functions. Conversing with a neighbour

Writing resume, performing group discussion, facing interviews.

Imbibe and practice the selective life

skills.

FACTS Oral presentation, art of introduction, enhancing the list of active vocabulary, listening skills, note taking skills, describing skills.

Audio tapes, compact disk, mikes, various contexts.

FAQ, Resume models, Audio tapes, compact disk, mikes.

Stories, anecdotes, incidences,

case studies and assignments.

PART A: MONODIC COMMUNICATION (16 hours)

a) Vocabulary enrichment: recording important words and terminology alphabetically

connected to the concerned department – playing antakshari.

b) Introducing oneself: using greeting phrases – opening and closing with courteous notes –

supplying personal information.

c) Introducing others: using greeting phrases – opening and closing with courteous notes –

with information.

d) Welcome address, vote of thanks and compering a program: keeping notes – and

personal information of the dignitaries – concerned.

e) Making an Oral Presentation: Preparing the presentation - Talking about people, animals

and places – Keywords technique and the rehearsal – Presentation outline – Performing the

presentation – answering the questions.

f) Oral description: a picture from an English magazine – a visual ad – a natural scene.

g) Auditory/Oral comprehension – small passage – small dialogue -very short story – note -

talking skill.

h) News Caption: giving caption for a news item from an English daily.

PART B: DYADIC COMMUNICATION: COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTIONS

(16 hours)

a) Dialogue: preparing and performing - Meeting people, exchanging greetings and taking

leave – Giving instructions and seeking clarifications – Thanking someone and responding

to thanks - minimum seven exchanges including the courteous openings and closings – ten

common contexts.

b) Telephonic dialogue: telephonic etiquette - Answering the telephone and asking for

someone – Dealing with a wrong number – Taking and leaving messages – Making

enquiries on the phone-ordering for supply-bookings and arrangements-handling the complaints

– calling for appointment.

PART C: PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION (16 hours/ periods)

a) Group Discussion - Taking part in a Group Discussion – focus on team spirit.

b) Interview - Frequently asked questions in an interview – Mock interview - Body language.

c) Resume Writing – components.

PART D: LIFE SKILLS (16 hours)

a) Preparing for and dealing with change.

b) Motivation, goal-setting and self-esteem.

c) Teamwork skills.

d) Time management

e) Emotional intelligence skills

f) Career planning.

g) Assertive Skills.

h) Interview skills.

References :-

1) Malcolm Goodale, Professional Presentations with VCD, Cambridge University Press

2) B.Jean Naterop and Rod Revell, Telephoning in English with 2 Audio CDs Cambridge

University Press

3) Priyadarshi Patnaik, Group Discussion and Interview Skills with VCD, Cambridge University

Press

4) Kamalesh Sadanand and Susheela Punitha, Spoken English: A Foundation Course for

Speakers of Tamil, Orient BlackSwan.

5) S. P. Dhanavel, English and Soft Skills, Orient BlackSwan

6) Robert Sherfield and et al, Developing Soft Skills, Pearson Education.

7) Poly Skills: A course in communication skills and Life skills, Cambridge University Press.

8) English and Communication Skills for Students of science and Engineering by S.P.Dhanavel,

Orient BlackSwan.

9) Speak Well, edited by Kandula Nirupa Rani, Jayashree and Indira,OrientBlackSwan.

Fifty ways to improve your telephoning and teleconferencing Skills by Ken Taylor


TERM : V TIME : 3 HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : COMMUNICATION AND LIFE

SKILLS PRACTICAL COURSE CODE : M7MP 316

PART –A (35 Marks)

Monodic Communication:

1. Introduce one self (5)

2. Use the mentioned words orally in sentence (2x2 ½ =5)

3. Prepare and present a welcome address for your college annual day programme. (5)

4. Listen to the passage read out from the English daily of the week of the examination.

Please note: No prerecorded passage (10)

5. Write a news caption for the passage given from the English daily. (5)

6. a) Describe orally the visual or the picture found in the English daily of the week of the

examination. (5)

(Or)

b) Make an oral presentation about an animal.

PART – B (15 Marks)

Dyadic Communication:

1. Play antakshari of five pairs of departmental words with your partner. (5)

2. Prepare and perform a dialogue with your partner on the given situation (10)

(minimum seven exchanges)

(Or)

Prepare and perform a telephonic dialogue on a flight booking.


PART-C (25 Marks)

Professional Communication:

1. Form a group of six members and perform a discussion on the given theme. (10)

2. Imagine you are V.Gokulraj ,a diploma holder. Prepare a resume for the post of

supervisor in Oberoi computers Ltd.Chennai. (10)

Professional appearance: Interview etiquette-dress code- Body language (5)


TERM : V TIME : 3 HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : COMMUNICATION AND LIFE

SKILLS PRACTICAL COURSE CODE : M7MP 316

PART –A (35 Marks)

Monodic Communication:

1. Introduce your friend S.Mohan an a executive engineer to a group of audience. (5)

2. Use the mentioned words in sentence orally. (2x2 ½ =5)

3. Prepare and present a Vote of thanks in your college sports day programme. (5)

4. Listen to the passage read out from the English daily of the week of the examination.

Please note: No prerecorded passage (10)

5. Write a news caption for the passage given from the English daily. (5)

6. a) Describe the visual or the picture found in the English daily of the week of

the conduct of the examination. (5)

(Or)

b) Make an oral presentation about your polytechnic college.

PART – B (15 Marks)

Dyadic Communication:

1. Play antakshari of five pairs of your departmental words with your partner. (5)

2. Prepare and perform a dialogue with your partner on the given situation (10)


(Or)

Prepare and perform a telephonic dialogue on ordering the supply of a computer


PART-C (25 Marks)

Professional Communication:

1. Form a group of six members and perform a discussion on the given theme. (10)

3. Imagine you are M.Kishore a diploma holder. Prepare a resume for the post of

Operating engineer in REC Electricals Ltd.Madurai. (10)

Professional appearance: Interview etiquette-dress code- Body language (5)

NOTES OF GUIDANCE

Role of the media:

To equip a learner with vocabulary, particularly active vocabulary and standard everyday

expressions ,using English dailies and watching selective English T.V. channels both in the

classroom and outside the classroom is focused. Such a provision is recommended for the

students to establish familiarity with the English dailies and selective English T.V. channels.

Minimum two copies of two English dailies in the laboratory room (students can bring their own

copies also).Minimum two systems with net connection for information collection in the

laboratory itself.

Synopsis of the news item:

During every lab work day, students must choose a news item from the English daily or

weekly or monthly, and write a synopsis of the chosen news item, in not more than five lines.

The news item should be pasted on the left page and synopsis on the right page (the chosen news

item should not be politically, socially or communally controversial). Students should exercise

care in choosing the news items. Teachers have to advise them on this aspect. This can be done

outside the class hours also but every record exercise should begin with the synopsis of news

item of the date of the lab session.

For example, first lab exercise namely departmental vocabulary and antakshari is

performed on 15/12/2011. The student should choose a news item from any English daily of

15/10/2011 and record the synopsis on the right page (in not more than 5 lines) under the caption

Synopsis of the news item of the day/date 15/10/2011.There is no harm in repeating or copying

the lines form the passage. The essence of the passage should be there. The cutout news item for

presenting the synopsis should be pasted on the left page of the record notebook. This is to be

done with interest for developing one’s personality. This work does not carry any marks but

without which the record exercise should not be valued. This is the precondition for valuing the

record exercise. Each record exercise follows the synopsis of the chosen news item.

At the bottom of the synopsis, the student should record the dictionary meaning of

atleast one strange word found in the chosen news item. At the end of every month, a minimum

of 10 Headlines of 10 different days i.e. one Headline a day from anyone English daily should be

pasted on the right or left page of the Record Note Book. (This work does not carry marks but

this is the precondition for marking the record exercises)

External examiner, before signing the record notebook, should verify whether the

Newspaper works were recorded / pasted in the record notebook.

Verbal communication in any language begins with sounds in isolation, union and word

formation. Learning everyday words and expressions is the primary factor. Grammar comes

next. One can enrich one’s every day vocabulary by reading English magazines and listening to

or watching an English channel on television. So an English laboratory should be equipped with

a minimum of two copies of two English dailies and English weeklies or monthlies.

Watching English channels helps the students improve their vocabulary and expressions.

If there is a provision, students may be permitted to watch selective, mind corruption free

English channels (sports, education, news, animal channels and so on) for at least 15 min. during

the English lab sessions. This will serve as motivation for the students and help them shed their

inhibition.

What is antakshari? (Polar word game)

This game can be played on the stage by two or three students using the departmental words.

Suppose Mr. A belongs to Dept.of Electrical and Electronics and he says his departmental word ‘

ampere ‘Mr. B has to supply a word beginning with the ending letter of Mr. A’s word. The word

ampere ends with the letter ‘ e’ so Mr. B says ‘ electrical ‘.Mr. A has to continue with the letter

‘ l ’. Like that five pairs of words are to be spoken.(Letter ending only, not sound ending. )

Suppose departmental words are not available in some English letters like

‘ x ‘ ‘ y ‘ ‘ z ‘ the students may be permitted to use common words.

ANTAKASHARI ( Five Exchanges )

EXAMPLE:

Mr. A Mr. B

1. Governor Reservoir

2. Rack Kelvin

3. Nut Tool

4. Lathe Emission

5. Naphtha Anvil

Introducing oneself:

One is not expected to introduce one’s family. One or two sentences on his family will do. Care

must be taken to include general proficiency, titles and merits, awards possessing or secured in

academic activities like paper presentation, participation in inter polytechnic or intra polytechnic

competitions, sports activity, forums like NCC,NSS, hobby, ambition, strengths and weaknesses.

Introducing others – merits – credentials—one or two points on his family.

Vote of thanks / Welcome address.No doubt it should be all-covering but Focus should be on

the important persons/invitees/chief guest and the message of the speaker.

Description (pictures from English weekly/daily) Pictures may be displayed through projector or

Magazine cuttings may be used. Just five lines on the picture will do.

Auditory/oral comprehension: A Passage from any English daily of the week of the

examination is to be read out for two to three minutes in the end examination. Display of

recorded passages can be used as an addition in the class room. The use of pre-recorded passage

discouraged in the end examination.

Oral presentation: Students must be encouraged to use English magazines and internet for

collecting information on the topic, noting keywords and use them in their presentation in his

own language. One must be able to talk extempore for 2 min on any topic, given a time of two

minutes for organizing his/her thoughts. The topics can be kept simple and general (current

events of interest like sporting event for headline of the day). It must be totally an oral activity

without the aid of any other media.

News Caption: A news item ,without heading,of not more than ten lines from an English daily

of the week of the conduct of Examination is to be given. The caption may be a passive

construction or a catchy phrase on the given news item.

Face to face dialogue: Selective nine situations / topics are to be performed in the class room.

(Minimum seven exchanges with courteous openings and closings).

Telephonic dialogue: Selective seven situations to be given. (Minimum seven exchanges).

Resume writing: cover letter—the components of a resume like sender’s address, recipient’s

address, career objective to be explained.

Group Discussion: Topics of common interest, avoiding controversial ones, are to be given for

discussion. A group may consist of six members.

Students should be exposed to 44 phonemes (sounds) in English language and their symbols.

There shall be no question on this end examination.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS EXERCISES:-

1. Departmental Vocabulary alphabetically (using it in sentence, antakshari).Using the words

orally in sentences

2. Introducing oneself and others

3. Vote of thanks / Welcome address

4. Description (pictures from English weekly/daily)

5. Auditory/oral comprehension

6. Oral presentation

7. Face to face dialogue

8. Telephonic dialogue

9. Resume writing

10. Group Discussion

Communication Skills:

Ten Marks for each exercise leading to a maximum of hundred marks in total.

The total marks to be reduced to an average of ten marks.

Texts of the performed activities to be recorded in the Record Note book. Synopsis of the news

item of the day/date is mandatory at the beginning of every record exercise.

Life Skills:

i) Preparing for and dealing with change.

j) Motivation, goal-setting and self-esteem.

k) Teamwork skills.

l) Time management

m) Emotional intelligence skills

n) Career planning.

o) Assertive Skills.

p) Interview skills.

Life skills are to be intensely inculcated through lectures, quotes, anecdotes and case studies. An

excellent awareness of the eight essential life skills is to be created through continuous internal

assessment. Five assignments in these topics are to be recorded in the record note book.

� A minimum of five assignments on five different topics.

� Each assignment to be assessed for twenty marks.

� The total marks to be reduced to an average of ten marks.

� All the topics to be covered in the lab

TIME MANAGEMENT IN THE END EXAM.

For written part 30 min

o Written part of the examination should be the first / beginning of the examination,

monadic oral exam to start during the written exam.

Written Part exercises:

o auditory / oral comprehension.

o Resume writing.

o Giving news caption for the passage.

o During the written examination time of 30 minutes, monodic communication

examination may also take place simultaneously.

MONODIC COMMUNICATION (ONE MAN COMMUNICATION)

Oral part – 75 min.

Both internal and external examiners (simultaneously) are to examine the students.

Five minutes for each student. 15 students for external & 15 students for internal and within 75

minutes both internal and external examiners complete the monadic communication exam.

DYADIC COMMUNICATION (ONE PAIR COMMUNICATION)

o 5 min for each pair.

o 15 pairs in total. 8 pairs for external and 7 pairs for internal examiner. (8x5=40 min)

within 40 min both internal and external examiners completes the dyadic communication

exam.

o The students examined by the external for monadic exam are to be examined by the

internal for dyadic and vice versa.

PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION

o 30 min for group discussion.

o 6 members in each group.

o 5 min for discussion for each group.

o Both internal and external examiners to supervise / examine simultaneously one group

each.

o Within fifteen minutes all the six groups to be examined.

LABORATORY REQUIREMENT

1. An echo-free room for housing a minimum of sixty students.

2. Necessary furniture and comfortable chairs

3. Public Address System.

4. A minimum of two Computers with internet access, with Audio for Listening Skill and related

software packages.

5. A minimum of two different English dailies.

6. A minimum of one standard Tamil daily.

7. Headphone units – 30 Nos. with one control unit with a facility to play and record in

Computer.

8. A minimum of Three Mikes with and without cords.

9. Colour Television (minimum size – 29”).

10. DVD/VCD Player with Home Theatre speakers.

11. Clip Chart, white board ,smart board.

12. Projector.

13. video camera.

14. Printer,Xerox,scanner machines desirable.

15. English Weeklies/monthlies/journals like ELTOI desirable.

16. Frozen thoughts –monthly journal for Lifeskills by Mr.Rangarajan /

www.frozenthoughts.com

Mark Pattern

End Examination – 75 Marks

Monodic Communication – 35 Marks

Dyadic Communication – 15 Marks

Profession Communication – 20 Marks

Professional Appearance – 5 Marks

Allocation & Statement of Marks

A. Monodic communication : 35 Marks

Introduction

(5 mks)

Use in

sentence

(5 mks)

Vote of

thanks /

welcome

address

(5 mks)

Auditory/Oral

comprehension

(10 mks)

Description/

Oral

presentation

(5 mks)

News

caption

(5 mks)

Total

(35 mks)

B. Dyadic communication: 15 Marks Antakshari

(5 mks) Dialogue

(10 mks) Total

(15 mks)

C. Professional communication: 20 Marks

Group Resume Total

Discussion

(10 mks)

(10 mks) (20 mks)

D. Professional Appearance: / 5 Marks

Total / 100 marks

Internal Examiner External Examiner

FACE TO FACE DIALOGUE TOPICS

1. Between Friends (On any acceptable topic).

2. Between a conductor and a passenger.

3. Between a doctor and a patient.

4. Between a Shopkeeper and a Buyer.

5. Between a Teacher and a Student.

6. Between a tourist and a guide.

7. In a Bank.

8 At a railway enquiry counter.

9. Lodging a complaint.

Note: A resourceful teacher may add a few more topics of common interest.

TELEPHONIC DIALOGUE TOPICS

1. Placing an order.

2. Making Enquiries.

3. Fixing appointments

4. Making a hotel reservation.

5. Dealing with a wrong number.

6. Travel arrangements.

7. Handling complaints.

MODERN OFFICE PRACTIC DEPARTMENT VOCABULARY FOR ANTAKASHARI

AND

USING IN SENTENCES

EXAMPLE:

A: 1. Accountant – A person trained in accounting who may either be employed by a firm or work

independently

2. ACT - Advance Corporation Tax

3. AGM - Annual General Meeting

4. Allot - To assign newly issued shares to their first owners.

5. Auditor - A person engaged to examine the financial record of a firm and report his

observations and findings

.

B:

1. Balance - Refers to the difference between the total credit entries and total debit entries in an

account.

2. Bank Account - An account with a bank.

3. Bargain - An agreement between two persons on the terms of a contract between them.

4. Book Debts - The total amount due from the customers of the concern for sales made to

them on credit.

5. Bull Market - When the prices of shares generally are rising.

C:

1. Capital Account- Business account stating the owner’s or shareholder’s interest in the assets.

2. Carry Forward – In accounting, to transfer a balance from one page, account ledger, or

accounting period to the next one.

3. Cash Book – Books of account for recording all receipts and payments.

4. Ceiling Price – The highest price obtainable or permissible in the sale of particular goods or

services.

5. CBA – Cost Benefit Analysis

D:

1. Debenture – A document acknowledging a debt.

2. Debtor – A person who owes money.

3. Dishonour – To fail to pay a bill of exchange or cheque when it is properly presented for

payment.

4. Duopoly – A market situation in which two sellers control the market.

5. Duty – A tax other than income tax.

E:

1. Economist – Someone who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing.

2. Efficiency – Maximum output with minimum input of labour and capital.

3. Elasticity of Demand – Demand is considered elastic when a decrease in price results in an

increase in total revenue.

4. Entrepreneur – A person who is skilled at identifying new products, marketing the products

and arranging the financing of the operations.

5. Export – Any goods or service sold to a foreign country.

F:

1. Final Dividend – Refers to the final payment of dividend paid by a company in respect of its

profits for a financial year.

2. Finished Goods – Final Goods which are for the enjoyment of the ultimate consumer and

instrumental goods which are for use in process.

3. Fixed Asset – Refers to an asset of a firm which is not a current asset and is intended to be

used by the firm for some time.

4. Fixed Deposit – Deposits received for a fixed period or certain agreed period of notice.

5. Free trade – The removal of all trade barriers in international trade.

G:

1. Gain – The excess of revenues over related costs, a profit or advantage.

2. GATT – General Agreement of Tariff and Trade.

3. Going Rate – Current typical price for a product or service.

4. Good – Material or physical objects, either natural or manmade, used to satisfy human needs

or desires.

5. Gross Profit – Net sales less the cost of goods sold before considering selling and general

expenses, incidental income and income deductions.

H:

1. Hidden Tax – An indirect tax is termed as hidden tax since it is merged in the price of the

commodity, without being shown explicitly.

2. Hire Purchase – The equivalent of installment buying.

3. Historical Cost – The actual cost that has been incurred in producing or acquiring

something.

4. Holder of Bill – The person in actual or constructive possession of bill of exchange.

5. Homogeneous goods – Competing products or brands with little or no real differences

between them.

I:

1. IDBI – Industrial Development Bank of India

2. Idle – Equipment or labour that is not being used productively and hence represents a loss to

the firm.

3. Imperfect Market – The market is said to be imperfect when some buyers or sellers or both

are not aware of the offers being made by other.

4. Import Duty – A tax imposed on the importation of goods into a country.

5. Income – The monetary or equivalent returns that come in periodically from property,

business, labour etc.,

J:

1. Job Analysis – Examination of a job, its component parts and the circumstances in which it

is performed.

2. Job Costing – Practice or activity of allocating costs to specific jobs or items of production.

3. Joint Product – Two or more products that inevitably result from processing a single raw

material and that are of equal importance.

4. Journal : A book in which original entries concerning transactions are recorded and later

transferred to the appropriate accounts in a ledger.

5. Judgement Creditor – A person who is entitled to be paid a judgement debt.

K:

1. Kaffirs – A stock exchange term for South African gold mining shares.

2. Karachi Stock Exchange – Pakistan’s Stock Exchange established in 1947.

3. Kerbside Conference – Post-interview discussion between sales man and his sales

supervisor, involving analysis of selling method, performance and achievement.

4. Key currency – It is stable in value or it must lose value no faster than other currencies.

5. Know-how agreement – An agreement by which the possessor of know-how promises to

disclose it to someone else.

L:

1. Labour cost – The total salaries and wages paid to workers.

2. Lading – The contents of freight shipment.

3. Land-lord – A person or agency that controls the use of land and collects from this use an

income called rent.

4. Law – A general proposition or statement of tendencies more or less certain more or less

definite.

5. Lease – A contractual agreement that transfers possession and use of property for a limited

period under specified terms and conditions.

M:

1. Mail Order – Customers buy direct by post either in response to an advertisement or from a

sales promotional catalogue.

2. Manufacturer – A firm that manufactures.

3. Marketing – It is a positive business activity which establishes, develops, and satisfies both

customer needs and wants.

4. Member – One of the persons who are associated together as a corporation.

5. Monopoly – Single supplier to entire market.

N:

1. Narration – An explanation, written in the document, of an entry in an account.

2. Near Money – Anything that can be readily turned into money at a known value,

predominantly savings accounts and savings bond.

3. Net Assets – Total assets of a firm less current liabilities.

4. Net Interest – Pure interest-payment for the mere use of money.

5. Nominal Cost – The amount of capital represented by the par or state value of a

corporation’s issued stock.

O:

1. On Demand – At such time as request is made.

2. Open Cheque – A cheque that is not crossed but may be cashed over the counter.

3. Open Balance – The balance of an account at the beginning of a specific accounting period,

usually a month of year.

4. Operating Account – A revenue and expense account.

5. Optimum – Theoretical concept for expressing the most cost effective course of action or

level of activity.

P:

1. Paid-up capital – The total contributed capital that has been received by a company with a

share capital.

2. Pass book – A booklet given to bank depositors in which their deposits, withdrawals, and

interest earnings are recorded.

3. Partner – One of the members of a partnership.

4. Payee – An individual or organization to whom an obligation is paid, in money or another

form.

5. Petty Cash – A fund of cash held by an organization and used to make small payments.

Q:

1. Quantity Discount – An allowance, in credit, cash, or goods, given by a seller to a buyer

because of the size of an individual purchase.

2. Quasi money – Near money.

3. Quick Asset – A current asset normally convertible into cash within a relatively short time

period, in the order of one month.

4. Quorum – Minimum number of people who must be present at a meeting before it can

proceed to conduct business.

5. Quotation – A statement, in response to a request by a prospective buyer, of what a firm

would probably charge for supplying specified goods or services.

R:

1. Rate – A charge or payment expressed as an amount per unit of what is paid for.

2. Revaluation – A fresh valuation of assets.

3. Retail – Describing a business engaged chiefly in selling goods directly for final

consumption rather for processing or resale.

4. ROC – Return on Capital.

5. Ruling Price – Actual on market price.

S:

1. Sales Leger – Day to day record of sales made.

2. Secret Reserve – Same as Hidden Reserve.

3. Securities – Claims to wealth such as stocks and bonds.

4. Selling Costs – Costs incurred in creating, retaining or expanding a market for a product.

5. Short Bill – Bill payable within ten days.

T:

1. Tangible Asset – Any asset that exists physically, as opposed to an intangible asset.

2. Tax Return – A document containing details of an individual’s income and expenses and his

claims for personal reliefs that is used to assess his income tax.

3. Tele banking – Two way communication between customer and bank using either view data

or two way community cable television.

4. Term Loan – A loan made by a commercial banks for a period of a year or more.

5. Term of Bill – The period for which a bill of exchange is drawn.

U:

1. Unappropriate Income – An account set up for budgetary control to which is credited the

excess of income, according to a related and approved expense or earnings budget.

2. Under – selling – To sell merchandise more cheaply than another seller.

3. Underwriting Commission – Commission paid to someone who underwrites a public offer of

securities.

4. Unearned Income – Income from sources other than work performed, such a dividends,

interest, rent, etc.

5. Unit Banking – A system whereby banks operate a single office rather than several branches.

V:

1. Value of Investment – The value of increment of capital during any period.

2. Variable Cost – A business cost that varies in direct proportion to the volume of output.

3. VAT – Value Added Tax.

4. Voting Right – The stock holder’s right to vote in the affairs of the issuing corporation.

5. Vouching – The process of examining the documentary evidence by the auditor is called

‘vouching’.

W:

1. Wage – A regular payment to an employee of a business for his or her labour by the hour,

week, month or some other period, or by units of output.

2. Wagering Contract – A contract between two parties whereby either may winner lose a sum

of money or other valuable asset.

3. Warehouse keeper – A person in charge of a ware house.

4. Warehousing – The business of running an establishment for the storage or accumulation of

goods.

5. Warrant – To give a warranty.

Y:

1. Year-End Adjustment – Where indicated, a review and modification of ledger account at the

close of a fiscal year.

2. Year-End Dividend – An extra dividend paid at the end of the fiscal year.

3. Year of Assessment – A period of 12 months commencing on 1st April in one calendar year

and ending 31st March the next calendar year over which an individual’s income is measured

in order to calculate Income Tax.

4. Yield Variance – The calculation of the actual amounts produced compared with norms or

standards and expressing this variance as a percentage.

5. Yojana – Indian term for plan.

Z:

1. ZBB – Zero Base Budgeting

2. Zero Balance – Refers to the result of a technique of balance if details and totals are both

correct.

3. Zero cost of production – No cost of replacement.

4. Zero price Advertising – Distribution of advertising at price which does not cover its costs.

5. Zone – Trading area, or area to which product launch is temporily limited a zoned campaign

or one that is zonal.

Pl.note: Suppose departmental words are not available in some English letters like

‘ x ‘ ‘ y ‘ ‘ z ‘ the students may be permitted to use common words. This is only an example.

Another student of Civil Engineering can have different sets of words under each

letter of the English alphabet. Like that there may be variety of sets. The most important

point is that one is not supposed to murmur but speak the words intelligibly in an

audible manner. Swallowing the words will deprive a student of winning a selection in an

interview. In the same way, students of other Departments can have different sets of

words

TELEPHONE LANGUAGE AND PHRASES IN ENGLISH

Answering the phone

" Good morning/afternoon/evening, Madras Enterprises, Premila speaking.”

" Who's calling, please?”

Introducing yourself

" This is Raghavan speaking.”

" Hello, this is Raghavan from Speak International.”

Asking for someone

" Could I speak to Mr. Raman, please?”

" I'd like to speak to Mr Raman, please.”

" Could you put me through to Mr Raman, please?”

" Could I speak to someone who …”

Explaining

" I'm afraid Mr. Raman isn't in at the moment”.

" I'm sorry, he's in a meeting at the moment.”

" I'm afraid he's on another line at the moment.”

" Putting someone on hold”

" Just a moment, please.”

" Could you hold the line, please?”

" Hold the line, please.”

Problems

" I'm sorry, I don't understand. Could you repeat that, please?”

" I'm sorry, I can't hear you very well. Could you speak up a little, please?”

" I'm afraid you've got the wrong number.”

" I've tried to get through several times but it's always engaged.”

" Could you spell that, please?”

Putting someone through

" One moment, please. I'll see if Mr Raman is available.”

" I'll put you through.”

" I'll connect you.”

" I'm connecting you now”.

Taking a message

" Can I take a message?”

" Would you like to leave a message?”

" Can I give him/her a message?”

" I'll tell Mr. Raman that you called”

" I'll ask him/her to call you as soon as possible.”

" Could you please leave your number? I shall ask him to get back to you.”

Pl.note: The above ones are samples only. A resourceful teacher may add more.

DAY-TO-DAY EXPRESSIONS (For dialogues)

COMMON PARLANCE

How are you?

Fine. Thank you.

How are you?

Me too.

How do you do?

How do you do?

It’s good to see you again.

Glad to meet you.

Thank you.

Thanks very much.

Welcome.

Hello! How is everything?

Just fine. Thanks. What’s new?

Nothing much.

I’m pleased to meet you.

The pleasure is mine.

I’ve heard Paul speak about you often.

Only good things! I hope.

Look who’s here!

Are you surprised to see me?

Sure. I thought you were in Chennai.

I was, but I got back yesterday.

Sorry, May I help you?

So kind of you.

That’s so nice of you.

Nice talking to you.

Nice meeting you.

It’s getting late, and I’ve to go now.

Certainly. Come back soon.

In that case, I’ll be seeing you.

Fine.

Thank you.

Welcome

So long. See you later.

Take care. Bye.

Good-bye.

Could you tell me the time, please?

Certainly. It is 5.35 p.m.

My watch says 5.40 p.m.

Then your watch is five minutes fast.

Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to …?

May I come in?

How is the weather today?

It is pleasant. / sunny / rainy / warm /windy.

I am sorry, Can you repeat what you have said.

I am sorry, I can’t hear you properly.

It is not audible. Can you please repeat it?

Beg your pardon; I don’t get your words clearly.

How do you feel now?

Are you ok?

I am fine. And how about you?

I am fine. Thank you.

GROUP DISCUSSION

Let me begin with introducing this concept,

Well, this is to convey that

At the outset, I am here to convey

At this juncture, I would like to

May I intervene?

May I add?

Kindly permit me to say

If you could allow me to say

Let me add a few words

Let me first answer your question

Can you please allow me to convey

Excuse me; I would like to add further

On behalf of my colleagues,

On their behalf

Firstly/ secondly/ thirdly.

Finally/ conclusively/ at the end / Summing up

Eventually/ in the event of

In spite of / otherwise/ although/ though

Please Note:

o The above ones are samples only.

o A resourceful teacher may add more.

o A potential student may exhibit variety.


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS


PRACTICE

7 112

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

306

ORACLE - PRACTICAL 75 35

CONTENTS

Sl.No

Topic

1 Creating Objects

2 Inserting and Retrieving Data

3 Altering Objects

4 Indexing

5 Data Validation

6 Data Manipulation

7 Searching and Sorting Data

8 Report Writing

9 View

10 PL/SQL – Anonymous Block

11 Join

12 Set Operators

13 Sub-query and Correlated Sub-query

14 PL/SQL Named Blocks – Functions and Procedures

15 Group By - Having

MODEL QUESTION PAPER - I TERM : V TIME : 3 HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : ORACLE - PRACTICAL COURSE CODE : M7MP 306

N.B 5 Marks has been allotted for Viva voce

Answer any Two Questions

I 1. Create a table with any 4 columns. Insert 10 records to this table 15

2. Write the procedure for the above program. 10

3. Take a neat print out. (Assume your own inputs.) 10

II 1. Create any table with 5 columns. Add 10 records and sort the contents in

any order.

15



III 1. Create a view to manipulate data in a basic table. 15



IV 1. Prepare 2 tables and join these two tables externally. 15



MODEL QUESTION PAPER - II TERM : V TIME : 3 HRS PROGRAMME : DIPLOMA IN M.O.P MAX. MARKS : 75 COURSE : ORACLE - PRACTICAL COURSE CODE : M7MP 306

N.B 5 Marks has been allotted for Viva voce

Answer any Two Questions

I 1. Create any table with 4 columns. Insert 10 records to this table. Add a new

column to this table

15



II 1. Create a simple report from a table.

15



III 1. Write a program using PL/SQL to calculate simple interest. 15



IV 1. Create any user defined function. 15




WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS

V&VI DIPLOMA IN MODERN OFFICE

PRACTICE

3 48

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

403 SHORTHAND ENGLISH JUNIOR GRADE

- SPEED - PAPER – I (GTE)

NO EXAM

TOPICS

Sl.No.

NAME OF TOPIC

PITMAN SHORTHAND INSTRUCTOR AND KEY –

NEW ERA EDITION

1 Revision of special contractions SECTION 1 TO 5

2 Speed practice @ 30 wpm




Objectives : The subject helps the students to understand basic principles of

Shorthand. (PRACTICING 80 WORDS PER MINUTE IN VI SEM)

EXAMINATION WILL BE CONDUCTED AT THE END OF VI TERM


WEEK

TOTAL

HOURS

V&VI DIPLOMA IN MODERN OFFICE

PRACTICE

3 48

COURSE

CODE

COURSE MAXIMUM

MARKS

MIN. MARKS

FOR PASS

M7MP

405 MARKETING - II NO EXAM

MAJOR UNITS

I SALES PROMOTION

II PERSONAL SELLING & ADVERTISING

III SALES FORCE MANAGEMENT

IV PRICING STRATEGY & CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION

V E- BUSINESS, TOTAL QUALITY MANANGEMENT & CONSUMERISM

UNIT-I SALES PROMOTION

Sales Promotional activities – objectives – importance – personal selling, advertisement

and sales promotion – Sales promotion – Meaning – Importance – objectives – Kinds of Sales

promotion – Consumer Sales promotion – Dealer Sales promotion – Sales force promotion.

UNIT-II PERSONAL SELLING & ADVERTISING

Personal selling – Importance and Objectives of personal selling – Qualities of a Good

salesman – Duties and Responsibilities of sales man. Management of sales force – sales manager

– qualities – functions – duties and responsibilities - Advertising – Meaning – Importance –

Types – Advantages – Criticism. Preparation of an Advertisement Copy – qualities of a Good

Advertisement Copy – Advertisement Media – Meaning – Kinds od Media – Advertising

Agencies - Roles and Importance – Function – Advantages.

UNIT – III SALES FORCE MANAGEMENT

Recruitment and selection of salesman – Training – Contents of Training – Methods of

Training, Remuneration to salesman – Objectives – Essentials of Good remuneration plan -

Supervision and Control of Salesman – Requisites of Effective Control of Salesman – Methods –

reports and records – Sales territory and sales quota and field supervision – Motivating sales

personnel – Need and methods.

UNIT – IV PRICING STRATEGY & CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION

Introduction – Pricing objectives – factors affecting pricing decision – Procedure for

price determination – kinds of pricing – Agent Middlemen – Functions – kinds of Agent

middlemen – Merchant Middlemen – Functions – Wholesalers – Basic Characteristics – Services

to Manufactures – Services to Retailer – Retailer – Types – Functions.

UNIT – V E BUSINESS , TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT & CONSUMERISM

Introduction – Telemarketing – Automatic vending – E-Business – E-commerce –

Electronic Data Interchange – E-Mail – Internet – E-Auctioning – E-Marketing – E-Trading –

Introduction – Total Quality management – Quality Circles – Benefits of TQM – Evolution of

Consumerism – consumer exploitation in India – major problems of consumers’ exploitation –

Consumer Protection Act 1986 – Rights of Consumers

Reference Books:

Modern Marketing BY R.S.N. Pillai, Bagavathi

Marketing BY Rajan Nair

Marketing Management BY Memoria Joshi

Note: Units I and II are to be covered in the V Semester and

Units III, IV and V to be covered in the VI Semester.

term programme hours/ total week hours v … office practice/pdf/v team.pdf · approaches to edp...

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