tensile test instruction manual

Tensile Program Instruction Manual

Document MA15_1.DOC Date 15/10/08

Phoenix Calibration & Services LtdBrick Kiln Street, Harts Hill, Brierley Hill,

West Midlands, DY5 1JG,

UNITED KINGDOM

Tel. No. +44 (0)1384 480545

Fax No. +44 (0)1384 480602

E-mail: [email protected]

Web site: http://www.phoenixcalibration.co.uk

Phoenix Calibration & Services Ltd

.

Trademark acknowledgements

MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.IBM is a trademark of the International Business Machines Corporation


MA15_1 Page 1

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................3

2. RUNNING THE PROGRAM - AN EXAMPLE ........................................................................................4

FIGURE 1. THE MAIN SCREEN..............................................................................................................................5FIGURE 2. HOW UPPER AND LOWER STRESS VALUES ARE USED TO CALCULATE THE FINAL MODULUS FIGURE. .....7FIGURE 3. THE BREAKING PHASE OF THE TEST ...................................................................................................10

3. THE MAIN SCREEN.................................................................................................................................12

SAVE SETTINGS AND RETRIEVE SETTINGS..........................................................................................................12FIGURE 4. THE SAVE SETTINGS DIALOGUE BOX. ................................................................................................12GAUGE LENGTH.................................................................................................................................................13FIGURE 5. GAUGE LENGTH. ...............................................................................................................................13HOT TEST ..........................................................................................................................................................14RANGES .............................................................................................................................................................14TEST STANDARD................................................................................................................................................14STRAIN RATE .....................................................................................................................................................14PRELOAD ...........................................................................................................................................................14ULTIMATE PROOF STRESS..................................................................................................................................15MODULUS CHECK ..............................................................................................................................................15PART NO. ...........................................................................................................................................................15RESULTS FILE NAME..........................................................................................................................................15SPECIMEN DETAILS ............................................................................................................................................15RUN TEST BUTTON.............................................................................................................................................16

4. THE MENU BAR........................................................................................................................................17

FILE MENU .........................................................................................................................................................17FILE MENU -> EXIT ............................................................................................................................................17FILE MENU -> OPEN ...........................................................................................................................................17FIGURE 6. OPENING A RESULT FILE ....................................................................................................................17FIGURE 7. A LOADED RESULT FILE .....................................................................................................................18FIGURE 8. SCALING FORM ..................................................................................................................................19FIGURE 9. THE PARAMETER SELECTION FORM ...................................................................................................20FIGURE 10. THE PARAMETER SELECTION FORM WITH DIFFERENT PROOF LINES SELECTED..................................20TEST STANDARD................................................................................................................................................21FEEDBACKS .......................................................................................................................................................21OPTIONS MENU -> PREFERENCES… ..................................................................................................................22FIGURE 11. THE OPTIONS -> PREFERENCES WINDOW ........................................................................................22OPTIONS MENU -> PREFERENCES… -> DRAW PROOF LINES.............................................................................22OPTIONS MENU -> PREFERENCES… -> AUTO RANGING....................................................................................23OPTIONS MENU -> PREFERENCES… -> RATES ..................................................................................................24OPTIONS MENU -> PREFERENCES… -> YIELD STRENGTH CALCULATIONS.........................................................24OPTIONS MENU -> PREFERENCES… -> DATA SAMPLING RATES........................................................................24OPTIONS -> EXTENSOMETRY CHANNEL.............................................................................................................24OPTIONS -> PROOF STRESS EXTENSOMETRY .....................................................................................................24OPTIONS -> PROOF STRESS CONTROL MODE .....................................................................................................25OPTIONS -> BREAKING CONTROL MODE ...........................................................................................................25OPTIONS MENU -> DISPLAY COMMS WINDOW ..................................................................................................25REFERENCES MENU ...........................................................................................................................................25CERTIFICATE MENU ...........................................................................................................................................25PROPERTIES MENU -> MECHANICAL .................................................................................................................26PROPERTIES MENU -> CHEMICAL -> ANALYSIS.................................................................................................26


Page 2 MA15_1

PROPERTIES MENU -> CHEMICAL -> LIMITS ......................................................................................................26ABOUT MENU ....................................................................................................................................................27

5. THE VIRTUAL CONTROL PANEL .......................................................................................................28

6. APPENDIX 1 - AN INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS .........................................................................29

7. APPENDIX 2 - AN EXAMPLE RESULTS FILE....................................................................................31


MA15_1 Page 3

1. INTRODUCTION

This manual describes the operation of the PS Tensile Test Program. This program, one of acomplete range of testing software available from Phoenix Calibration & Services Ltd.,performs tensile tests either to BS EN 10002 or ASTM E 8M as required. Specimens may betested to selected levels of proof stress at chosen rates. The test may be halted automatically ifa minimum modulus of elasticity is not achieved. The test pauses once the required proofstress has been reached and the specimen may be taken to yield in either displacement or loadcontrol.

The program gives full graphical presentation of results both during and after the test, withthe facility to print the graphical data for record purposes along with the specimen parameters.Tables of mechanical parameters, chemical analysis results and permissible limits for thoseresults, may all be entered for printing on the final test certificate. The test results data areplaced in a standard comma-separated variable (CSV) format ASCII file. This may easily beimported into other programs such as spreadsheets, word processors, data analysis packagesor recalled into the Tensile Program for further analysis.

Working in conjunction with a Phoenix Control System and servo-hydraulic testing machine,the Tensile Program is compatible with a wide variety of extensometry, or may derive straindirectly from actuator movement in cases where separate extensometry is not available.

The Tensile program uses the Virtual Control Panel (VCP) program to provide access to all ofthe control system features without the need to operate the control system manually. VCP actsas a common channel of communication between applications and the controller. When theTensile program is running normally the Virtual Control Panel is minimised to an icon on thetask bar. If changes are required to the control system settings the VCP program can bemaximised and used to access the controller. At critical times during the operation of thetensile program the VCP icon is barred from use unless the program is halted.

All Phoenix Calibration & Services applications programs are designed to run within theWindows environment on an IBM compatible personal computer.


Page 4 MA15_1

2. RUNNING THE PROGRAM - AN EXAMPLE

The Tensile Test Program has many possible options which are explained in detail in thesections which follow. In order to familiarise the user with the basic principles of thesoftware, this example section describes a typical test which might be performed. While itmay not correspond exactly to your own testing methods, please read this section carefully.The small amount of time required will give the new user a good overview of the featuresavailable and how to run the software.

Since the program cannot be used without a specimen which will almost certainly bedestroyed by the test, the use of scrap specimens during familiarisation is stronglyrecommended. Without a specimen the Main Screen parameters may still be entered up to thepoint at which the test is started.

Once Windows is running, start the program by selecting it from the Start button -> Allprograms -> Phoenix Services -> Tensile Test or double clicking the icon on the desktop.

If the Virtual Control Panel (VCP) is already running the Tensile Program will use it to checkthe control system parameters. If VCP is not running it will be started automatically. Sincethe Tensile Program performs actual tests in conjunction with the testing machine, it will notrun unless it is able to communicate with the control system.

Once the program is running the computer will spend a few seconds communicating with thecontrol system to check system parameters. If a dual averaging extensometer is in use, amessage box will appear requesting selection of channel A, channel B or the average. TheMain Screen of the Tensile Program then appears as shown in figure 1 (but without theparameters entered).

This example performs a tensile test using an extensometer for displacement control andmeasurement during the strain phase and stroke control during the breaking phase. Theseoptions may be changed by the user to suit specific test requirements. To select these options,mouse users should follow the following sequence :-

Click the “Options” menu in the menu bar, then click “Proof Stress Extensometry”, then click“Strain Transducer”.

Click the “Options” menu in the menu bar, then click “Proof Stress Control Mode”, then click“Strain”.


MA15_1 Page 5

Click the “Options” menu in the menu bar, then click “Breaking Control Mode”, then click“Stroke”.

Keyboard users without a mouse should set up the options as follows :-

Press function key F10 to reach the menu bar, then press “O” to reach the Options menu.

Press “E” for Proof Stress Extensometry, press “T” for Strain Transducer.

Repeat step 1, press “F” for Proof Stress Control Mode, press “T” for Strain.

Repeat step 1, press “B” for Breaking Control Mode, press “K” for Stroke.

Windows programs are almost always used with a pointing device such as a mouse, but theymay also be controlled using the keyboard as described above and this can sometimes be afaster way to enter parameters. To select parameter entry boxes without a mouse, the tab keycan be used to select each in a repeating sequence. The Main Screen entries will now bedescribed in the order in which they may be accessed by tabbing. This is not only easier tofollow if a mouse is not available, it also helps to avoid missing an essential parameter.Reference will, however, be made only to mouse operation.

Figure 1. The Main Screen


Page 6 MA15_1

When the Main Screen first appears, the selected button is “Retrieve Settings”. Whenstandard tests are to be performed regularly it is possible to save the settings which are used.These settings may then be recalled using the Retrieve Settings button, avoiding the need tore-enter all the parameters on each occasion that the test is run. For the purpose of thisexample it is assumed that no suitable settings are saved and that the Main Screen parameterswill all need to be entered in turn. (Note that when some settings files are retrieved it ispossible that a series of error message boxes may be displayed, for example “Error - RetrieveMechanical Limits”. These messages may be ignored for this example: a detailed explanationis given in section 4.)

The “Test Standard” should be chosen first, since this may change subsequent parameters.The next parameter which needs to be entered is the “Gauge Length”. This example uses anextensometer to measure specimen extension, so enter the extensometer gauge length. It isalso possible to run the test using stroke as the displacement measurement, this is explainedin detail in section 3. This example uses a typical gauge length value of 50 mm but the usershould enter the correct value to suit the extensometer in use.

The “Hot Test” option may be selected by clicking the box. If used, the test data includestemperature and the test is performed to BS EN 10002-5 1992. All other options remainunchanged. The working ranges of the machine need to be selected next. When using manualrange selection the smallest range should be used which will accomplish the test. This willgive the best possible resolution and control performance. Alternatively Auto Ranging can beused by selecting the Auto Ranging option (see section 4, Options, Preferences, AutoRanging). This is especially useful if the specimen’s properties are completely unknown andit is difficult to select suitable ranges. If the properties are fairly predictable the ranges may beestimated and set, then the Auto Ranging is used only to protect against unexpected over-ranging. In this example the specimen will be assumed to be a round mild steel rod of 12 mmdiameter, expected modulus of approximately 200 to 220 kN/mm² and UTS of more than 500N/mm². With a gauge length of 50 mm, this could be expected to extend approximately 0.2mm over a 50 mm gauge length at 0.2% proof stress and yield at around 60 kN load (veryapproximate figures). The specimen would possibly extend more than 2 mm to reachbreaking point. Taking typical control system ranges for the sake of example, we willtherefore use a 5 mm stroke range, 0.5 mm strain range and 100 kN load range. The usershould estimate the required ranges in a similar way, based upon the actual specimen in useand the ranges available on the control system.

To select the ranges, tab to the “Stroke Range” box and use the up and down arrow keys, orclick on the box and use the mouse to select a stroke range. The range in use will behighlighted and initially represents the range selected on the control system, which may notbe the range required. Select the stroke range then tab to the strain and load ranges, settingeach in turn.

The ‘Input zero’ box shows the electrical offset of the extensometer amplifier. This should bezero before the extensometer is fitted and mechanically zeroed to ensure that it is used ascalibrated. The value will be changed during the test when the feedback is tared-off, and soshould be reset to zero when prompted before each run.


MA15_1 Page 7

The “Strain Rate” value is the rate at which the controlling value of strain will increase duringthe loading phase of the test (i.e. during the pull to the proof stress limit). A typical rate mightbe calculated to give a strain phase duration of about one minute based on the expectedextension. This example uses a rate of 0.15 mm/min but a value should be chosen to suit thespecimen in use. A label will be shown indicating the equivalent % per minute rate.

The next parameter required is the “Preload” value. This is the value of initial load which willbe applied before the strain phase of the test begins. The purpose of the preload is to removeany backlash in the grips or other mechanical fittings and to keep the specimen in tension ifthe grip type prohibits compression (e.g. hook type grips). A typical value of preload is 1 kN.

The “Ultimate Proof Stress” buttons select the level to which the specimen will be pulledduring the strain phase of the test. This example will be to the 0.2% proof stress, so click thecorresponding button. If the test is selected to be performed without an extensometer, theoption “Stop when proof reached” enables the user to decide if the test should wait for userintervention when the selected value of proof stress is reached. This may be undesirable insome cases, e.g. if the specimen continues to creep when held at this load. Note that if “Stopwhen proof reached” is un-ticked then the same extension rate is used throughout the test.

The “Modulus Check Limits” box contains three parameters. The final modulus figure isobtained by projecting a line through the two points where the stress/strain curve (beingplotted during the strain phase of the test) crosses the upper and lower levels set in the boxes(figure 2). If the modulus obtained fails to exceed the Minimum Modulus check value whichis entered in the lower box, the test will be stopped. Additionally the modulus is calculated atfive equally spaced points over the same range, these intermediate values are displayed in turnin the top right of the display until the final modulus can be calculated.

To illustrate the choice of Modulus Check Limits values, in our example of a 12 mm roundmild steel specimen, the elastic part of the curve should extend to at least 400 N/mm². Thisvalue will be set as the Upper Stress value and one tenth of this value (40 N/mm²) used forthe lower value.

Figure 2. How upper and lower stress values areused to calculate the final modulus figure.


Page 8 MA15_1

Unlike the other parameters shown on the screen, the “Part Number” box need not becompleted in order to run a test. The box is provided only for convenience, any batch, job orpart number entered here will be printed at the end of the test.

The “Results File Name” box should be completed with a name to be used for the test resultsfile. The file extension need not be entered as it is always forced to “.DAT” (for data).

By default the “.dat” results files are placed in the “C:\PS\Results” folder. If you wish tochange this, tab to or click on the “Change File Path” button. This will open a dialogue boxwhich will allow the required path to be entered. For this example it is suggested that the userdoes not change the path.

In order to run a test the specimen cross-sectional area (“CSA”) must be present. It may beentered directly in the CSA box, derived from the diameter entered in the Diameter box, orderived from the Breadth and Depth values each entered in its appropriate box. If no data isneeded for the purpose of the printed results, enter a dummy value for diameter or CSA. Thisexample uses a round specimen of 12 mm diameter, so this is the value entered in thediameter box, the program then calculates that the corresponding area is 113.10 mm². Aprompt is given as to the value of Lo recommended (depending on the CSA) by the standard.

Once the CSA and preload values have been entered, a label will be shown indicating thestress level at the preload. This is to help determine that the Modulus Check Limits are morethan the initial stress value.

The Main Screen now has all the information required in order to run a test. To avoid havingto enter the values again they should be saved. Click the “Save Settings” button, enter a filename in the “File Name” box then click “OK”. These settings may now be recalled at a laterdate.

To run the test, click the “Run Test” button. If the results file which has been specified for thetest already exists, the program will prompt the user to overwrite the old file. Answering“No” will allow the user to return to the Main Screen where the file name may be changed.

For this example answer “Yes” to the file overwrite prompt (if it appears). The next messagewill prompt the user to turn the pressure on. At this stage the pump is not running on themachine, so answering “OK” to this message will start it. This prompt is provided as a safetymeasure to permit anybody close to the machine to be warned that the test is about to start.

The next message to be displayed warns that the actuator is about to move to the zero strokeposition. The specimen must not be fitted at this point as damage may result. Click “OK” toproceed.

The References Table now appears; it may be completed with information about the test andthe specimen. None of the references are necessary in order to run the test, they are providedonly for record purposes. For this example just click “OK”.

The program now proceeds to the Run Screen, on which the stress/strain curve will bedisplayed as the test progresses. Initially the display shows a message box which prompts theuser to fit the test specimen into the machine and then fit the extensometer to the specimen.Once this has been done, click the “OK” button to continue.


MA15_1 Page 9

The Run Screen is now displayed with three control buttons, “Start Test”, “Re-scale” and“Abort Test”. The test modes may be seen displayed across the top of the screen, the strainrate is also shown. Any last-minute changes could be made by clicking the “Abort Test”button which will return the user to the main screen. The “Re-scale” button allows thegraphical display scaling to be altered, but for this example just click the “Start Test” button.

The test begins with the control system applying the preload value (specified on the MainScreen) to the specimen. To protect against the possibility that the specimen is not correctlygripped, if the preload is not achieved within quite fine limits a warning message is displayed.In addition to incorrect gripping, other possible causes of the preload not being achieved arethat the control system gain is too low, or that the servo valve bias is incorrectly set. If themessage does appear and there is no obvious problem with the specimen which might causeit, ensure that the control system parameters are correctly set. (Refer to the control systeminstruction manual for information about setting correct gains and bias.)

If the test is a hot test, then a message box is displayed prompting the user to ‘Click OK whenat Temperature’. This is to allow the heating system to stabilise at the required value. Also, ifa dual extensometer is being used, the option is given to view the feedbacks from theindividual extensometers. The user can then check that the limbs are expandingsymmetrically and mechanically adjust them if necessary. The test will continue with theoriginal channel selection (i.e. A, B or Average) when the OK button is clicked, that channelthen being electrically tared-off.

The strain phase of the test now begins, with the specimen being loaded in strain control. Thetest may be paused at any time by clicking the “HALT” button. The test may then becontinued or aborted (which will cause the specimen to be unloaded, the program will thenreturn to the Main Screen).

Once the stress/strain curve reaches the upper stress value a green line is projected on thescreen which will give the final modulus (see figure 2). Until this point the five intermediatevalues of modulus are calculated and displayed in the top right of the screen as the testprogresses. When the final modulus has been calculated, the stress and strain rates betweenthe Modulus Check lines are displayed above the graph. If the minimum modulus figurespecified on the main screen is not achieved when the curve crosses the upper stress value thetest will be aborted, otherwise it will continue until the requested proof stress has beenreached. It will then stop and display a message requesting the user to remove theextensometer from the specimen unless the test is a hot test (extensometer designed so thatremoval is not necessary) or the “Stop when proof reached” box was un-ticked.

To continue after the extensometer has been removed, click the “OK” button. The screen thendisplays control buttons to Re-scale, Continue and Abort Test. The “Abort Test” button willreturn the user to the main screen after unloading the specimen. The “Re-scale” button opensa scaling box with a scroll bar which allows the user to change the stress axis scaling. Itshould be remembered when changing the scaling at this point that the breaking phase of thetest will almost certainly take the curve to a higher stress level and this should be allowed for.Once the display has been re-scaled if desired, click the “Continue” button to move on to thebreaking phase of the test.


Page 10 MA15_1

During the breaking phase of the test, the right hand portion of the graphical display presentsthe stress plotted against the overall specimen extension given by actuator stroke. The verticalstress axis retains the same scaling, while the horizontal axis changes from strain in percentunits to stroke in (typically) millimetres.

Once the specimen has broken, the program displays a message warning the user that the testhas finished and that the specimen should be removed. Clicking “OK” to this messagedisplays another warning that the actuator is about to return to the starting position, which itwill do when “OK” is clicked again. The final opportunity to re-scale the graph is nowpresented.

If a yield value has not been detected, then the user is given the option of including a yieldvalue by the Offset method. The user can choose which preset percentage value of ProofStress to use, starting with the highest reached in the test. After accepting or declining this, awindow requesting final specimen parameters appears. It is not possible to go beyond thispoint without entering original gauge length (Lo), final gauge length (Lu) and final diameter ofthe specimen. These may be measured more easily when the specimen has been removedfrom the grips. The values for hardness are optional and are only provided for completeness.They are printed later with the rest of the test results. Clicking “OK” after data entry will

Figure 3. The breaking phase of the test


MA15_1 Page 11

cause the final graph and list of data values to be displayed on the screen. The option to printa hard copy is then given.


Page 12 MA15_1

3. THE MAIN SCREEN

This section describes the features of the Main Screen in detail, with the exception of themenu bar which is dealt with in section 4.

Save Settings and Retrieve SettingsWhen standard tests are to be performed regularly it is possible to save the settings which areused. These settings may then be recalled using the “Retrieve Settings” button on the mainscreen, avoiding the need to re-enter all the parameters on each occasion that the test is run.

It is necessary for all parameters, except the part number and results file details, to be enteredbefore Save Settings can be used.

Figure 4. The Save Settings dialogue box.

The Retrieve Settings dialogue box is similar.

Clicking the “Save Settings” or “Retrieve Settings” button opens a standard file managementdialogue box (figure 4) which contains four main subsections. The ‘Save in’ (or ‘Look in’)box has a down arrow button at its right hand end. Clicking on this button will produce adrop-down list of paths available and any of those folders may be selected by clicking onthem, though it is recommended that the ‘Settings’ subfolder in the ‘PS’ folder be used. (Forusers who are not familiar with files, folders and the way in which they are organised intotrees, please refer to your Windows instruction manuals.)

The box below the ‘Save in’ (or ‘Look in’) box displays the subfolders and files within theselected folder which have the extension shown in the ‘Save as type’ (or ‘Files of type’) box.It is normal practice for tensile program settings files to be saved with a “.set” extension.


MA15_1 Page 13

Clicking on one of the files shown will place that file name in the ‘File Name’ box, or a newfile name may be typed in.

Gauge LengthAn extensometer is usually used to measure specimen strain during the proof stress part of thetest. This option may be chosen from the Options -> Proof Stress Extensometry menu (seesection 4). In this case the gauge length entered on the main screen should be the gauge lengthof the extensometer.

It is also possible to run the test using the actuator stroke value to derive the strainmeasurement; this is explained in detail in section 4. When using this method the gaugelength entered on the main screen should be the distance between the grips as shown in figure5. Also notice that if the specimen has a reduced section in the centre (as depicted) theshoulders of the specimen should be fitted level with the grip jaws for greatest accuracy.

Figure 5. Gauge Length.

When using stroke feedback for derived strain,the gauge length entered should be the distance between the grips.

(Note that when the test ends, the user is requested to enter final specimen parameters for theresults certificate. The original gauge length is requested as well as the final gauge length.This gauge length value does not need to be the extensometer gauge length entered on themain screen. A gauge length may be marked on the specimen which does not correspond with


Page 14 MA15_1

the grip separation shown in figure 5. The values measured for this gauge length both beforeand after the test may entered at the end of the test to derive a figure for the specimenelongation.)

Hot TestThe “Hot Test” option may be selected by clicking the box. If used, the test data includestemperature and the test is performed to BS EN 10002-5 1992. The “Please removeextensometer” prompt is not given at the end of the strain phase of the test. All other optionsremain unchanged.

RangesWhen using manual range selection, the smallest range should be used which will accomplishthe test. This will give the best possible resolution and control performance. AlternativelyAuto Ranging can be used by selecting the Auto Ranging option (see section 4, Options,Preferences, Auto Ranging). This is especially useful if the specimen’s properties areunknown and it is difficult to select suitable ranges. If the properties are fairly predictable theranges may be estimated and set then the Auto Ranging is used only to protect againstunexpected over-ranging. In this example the specimen will be assumed to be a round mildsteel rod of 12 mm diameter, expected modulus of approximately 200 to 220 kN/mm² andUTS of more than 500 N/mm². With a gauge length of 50 mm this could be expected toextend approximately 0.2 mm over a 50 mm gauge length at 0.2% proof stress and yield ataround 60 kN load (very approximate figures). The specimen would possibly extend morethan 2 mm to reach breaking point. Taking typical control system ranges for the sake ofexample, we will therefore use a 5 mm stroke range, 0.5 mm strain range and 100 kN loadrange. The user should estimate the required ranges in a similar way, based upon the actualspecimen in use and the ranges available on the control system.

To select ranges, tab to the range box and use the up and down arrow keys, or click on thebox and use the mouse to select a range. The range currently selected on the control systemwill be highlighted.

Test StandardThis selects the standard of the test. Note that changing parameters such as Proof StressExtensometry may alter the chosen standard to “Unknown” if the settings are not consistentwith the chosen standard.

Strain RateThe “Strain Rate” is the rate at which the controlling value of strain will increase during theloading phase of the test (i.e. during the pull to the proof stress limit) and should be chosen tosuit the specimen in use. A typical rate might be calculated to give a strain phase duration ofabout one minute based on the expected extension.

PreloadThe “Preload” value is the value of initial load which will be applied before the strain phaseof the test begins. The purpose of the preload is to remove any backlash in the grips or other


MA15_1 Page 15

mechanical fittings and to keep the specimen in tension if the grip type prohibits compression(e.g. hook type grips).

Ultimate Proof StressThe “Ultimate Proof Stress” buttons select the level to which the specimen will be pulledduring the strain phase of the test. The available options are to end the strain phase at the0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, or 1.0% proof stress levels.

If the test is selected to be performed without an extensometer, the option “Stop when proofreached” enables the user to decide if the test should wait for user intervention when theselected value of proof stress is reached. This may be undesirable in some cases, e.g. if thespecimen continues to creep when held at this load. Note that if “Stop when proof reached” isun-ticked then the same extension rate is used throughout the test.

Modulus CheckThe Modulus Check Limits box contains three parameters. The final modulus figure isobtained by projecting a line through the two points where the stress/strain curve (beingplotted during the strain phase of the test) crosses the upper and lower levels set in the boxes(figure 2). If the modulus obtained fails to exceed the Minimum Modulus check value whichis entered in the lower box, the test will be stopped. Additionally the modulus is calculated atfive equally spaced points over the same range, these intermediate values are displayed in turnin the top right of the display until the final modulus can be calculated.

Part No.Unlike the other parameters shown on the main screen, the Part No. box need not becompleted in order to run a test. The box is provided only for convenience, any batch, job, orpart number entered here will be printed at the end of the test.

The Part Number is also shown in the References Table and may be entered from theReferences Menu (see Section 4).

Results File NameThe Results File Name box should be completed with a name to be used for the test resultsfile. The file extension need not be entered as it is always forced to “.dat” (for data).

By default the “.dat” results files are placed in the “C:\PS\Results” folder. If you wish tochange this, tab to or click on the “Change File Path” button. This will open a dialogue boxwhich will allow the required path to be entered. An example of a data file is shown inAppendix 2.

Specimen DetailsIn order to run a test the specimen cross-sectional area (“CSA”) must be present. It may beentered directly in the CSA box, derived from the diameter entered in the Dia. box, or derivedfrom the Breadth and Depth values each entered in its appropriate box. If no data is neededfor the purpose of the printed results, enter a dummy value for diameter or CSA.


Page 16 MA15_1

Run Test buttonThe test may be run only if the Main Screen parameters have all been entered (only Part No.is optional). If the screen is incomplete, a warning message will be displayed when the RunTest button is clicked and the test will not proceed.

It is normal for (user defined) tables of Chemical Analysis data and Chemical and MechanicalLimits to be saved with the settings. When settings are retrieved prior to running a test, theProperties files are also retrieved for printing at the end of the test. While it is not obligatoryin order to run a test, if no Properties files have been retrieved with the settings (because nonewere saved), values used will default to zero.


MA15_1 Page 17

4. THE MENU BAR

The following section describes the features to be found on the pull-down menus at the top ofthe Tensile Program Main Screen (figure 1).

Users who wish to access the menu bar without a mouse should note that the “Alt+key”access keys which may be used within the main part of the screen do not give access to themenu bar. To reach the menu bar use the function key F10. Once the menu bar is reached, themenu selection may be made either by pressing a short-cut key (e.g. “F” to access the Filemenu) or by using the cursor and “ENTER” keys.

File menuThe file drop-down menu contains the “Open” and “Exit” options.

File menu -> ExitThe “Exit” option closes the program.

File menu -> OpenThe “Open” option allows result files from previously conducted tensile tests to be openedand analysed. Clicking on the open option shows a dialogue box in which the required resultsfile may be selected (see figure 6 and also figure 4).

Figure 6. Opening a result file

Once the required file has been selected, clicking on the OK button will proceed to load thatresult file. On loading the result file, the data will be displayed in graphical form as during thetest (see figure 7).


Page 18 MA15_1

A message box gives the option to recalculate the slope line using the saved modulus limitlines which may be useful if the original elongation rate was not constant causing the real-time calculation during the test to show an undesirable value.

Figure 7. A loaded result file

The modulus value determined during the test is displayed in the top right hand corner. If themodulus limit lines are shown in undesirable positions, they may be moved at this point. Tomove a modulus line, drag it to the new position. (To do this, simply move the mouse pointerover the required line – the mouse pointer will change to a double-headed arrow - click andhold down the left mouse button. The limit line will now ‘follow’ the mouse pointer. Movethe mouse up or down until the limit line appears in the required position then release themouse button. The limit line will then be ‘dropped on’ the new position.) Alternatively, rightclicking a limit line shows a small window into which a precise stress value may be entered.

Note that data files created with using older (prior to version 4.1) versions of the Tensileprogram did not save the limit line values. For such files, on loading, the limit lines are set atthe 20% and 80% maximum stress points to start with. The user can move them if required.

On moving a limit line, the modulus value will be recalculated, displayed and the modulusline redrawn with the new slope. Since the proof stress lines are drawn parallel to themodulus limit line, these are also recalculated and redrawn according to the new modulus


MA15_1 Page 19

value. The new modulus line may intercept the X-axis at a different point thus offsetting theRp and Rt values by a differing amount in the X direction. Rp and Rt values are therefore alsorecalculated and redrawn.

Altering the limit lines may produce a slope of lower gradient and this can result in a proofline which was previously displayed now being removed. This is because the specimen wasnot pulled far enough for the ‘missing’ proof line to be projected through the data curvebefore the end of the strain phase (using the new lower slope).

The Rescale button may be clicked to enable rescaling of the axes, (e.g. for easier graphicalcomparison with the printed results of another tensile test) see figure 8.

Figure 8. Scaling form

This form appears when using the ‘Rescale’ button. The Y-axis limit may be altered via the scroll bar or by entering avalue. The horizontal scroll bar allows the relative screenwidths of the strain phase to breaking phase to be altered.

Clicking the OK button applies any scale changes made to the main graphical display.

Once any necessary manipulation of the modulus line and the scaling has been completed, the“Continue” button may be clicked. Figure 9 shows the form which appears on clicking the“Continue” button.

This form allows the user to select which result parameters are required to appear on aprintout. A tick next to a parameter indicates that that parameter will (if possible) appear onthe printout. The parameters ‘ticked’ when the form appears are the parameters calculatedduring the test. The parameters selected may be altered simply by clicking on the relevantparameter to ‘tick/un-tick’ it. In the above example, Rp0.5 and Rp1.0 are unavailable sincethe specimen was not pulled far enough with the extensometer attached during the test. Theseparameters are greyed-out and cannot be selected. However, the particular proof stressesdetermined may be altered by changing the values next to the Rp prefix. In the example aboveRp0.1, Rp0.2 are selected for the printout whilst Rp0.5, Rp1.0 are unavailable. Rp0.05,Rp0.1, Rp0.15, Rp0.2 could be printed out instead simply by altering the 0.1 to 0.05 and 0.2to 0.1. (See figure 10) This would enable Rp0.05 and Rp0.1 to be printed out. Altering thegreyed-out 0.5 to 0.15 causes the value to be enabled (not greyed-out) since that proof stress


Page 20 MA15_1

can be evaluated. Similarly altering Rp1.0 to be Rp0.2 enables it for selection. Rp0.15 andRp0.2 could then be ‘ticked’, ready for the printout.

Figure 9. The parameter selection form

The particular values of Rt used can be altered in a similar manner.

Figure 10. The parameter selection form with different proof lines selected.


MA15_1 Page 21

The slope parameter enables the slope line to be added/removed from the printout.

The yield strength ReH and ReL options enable these parameters to be printed out even if theywere not calculated during the test. If a yield value has not been detected, then the user will begiven the option of including a yield value by the Offset method. The user can choose whichpreset percentage value of Proof Stress to use, starting with the highest reached in the test.

Once the parameters required for a printout have been selected, the OK button may bepressed. On clicking this button, the display changes to show the graph followed by variousresult parameters (not all due to limited screen space). The user is then given the opportunityto print the results and then the graph.

Following this, the program returns to the main tensile screen.

Points to consider when viewing result files :-

The format of the printed data is the same as that during the test (useful for obtainingadditional copies later on or replacing a lost hard copy).

The ‘tensile analysis’ process in no way alters the results data file. It is possible therefore touse the “Open” option several times in order to determine many different proof stresses formany different modulus values, without altering the result file.

Test StandardThe test standard drop-down menu contains the selectable options, mimicking the frame inthe Program Settings part of the Main Screen. Note that some may be unavailable if otherparameters such as Proof Stress Extensometry are not consistent with a particular standard.

FeedbacksClicking on the Feedbacks menu displays a window with the stroke, strain and load feedbacksin real-time. This facility is mainly provided as a quick visual check that system connectionsare correctly made, or that the actuator has been positioned as required during test setup.

To remove the feedbacks display window simply click the “OK” button (or press “SPACE”or “ENTER” with the feedbacks window selected).

(Note that the control system displays feedbacks and maximum measured values at differentrates to the computer display, therefore there will sometimes be differences between the twodisplays, especially if the values are changing. The difference between the displayed valuesfor steady-state conditions should not exceed the tolerances permitted during calibration ofthe equipment. If the difference is outside tolerance levels the board within the computer maybe adjusted. The control system data acquisition system may not be adjusted.

It is important to realise that any monitoring or test equipment connected to the controlsystem Transducer Monitor BNC connectors should have input impedances in excess of 50 kohms as low impedance devices may corrupt the readings obtained by the computer.)


Page 22 MA15_1

Options Menu -> Preferences…This menu option opens a further window (shown in figure 11) containing options to controlthe acquisition and display of data during the test. These options are described below.

Figure 11. The Options -> Preferences window

Options Menu -> Preferences… -> Draw Proof LinesSelecting “Preferences…” from the Options Menu opens a window containing choices todisplay the different proof stress lines, the facility to change the preload rate and also the rateto be used in the breaking phase of the test.

The Draw Proof Lines option enables the user to select which lines will be displayed on thestress/strain graph during the test. The “Rp” lines are drawn parallel to the elastic part of thecurve and intersect the strain axis at the specified value (see figure 12a). The Proof Linesoptions are toggled on or off by clicking in the boxes. If an Rp box is ticked in the ProofLines window the corresponding line will be drawn.

The “Rt” lines are drawn vertically from the strain axis at the specified value (see figure 12b).If an Rt box is ticked in the Proof Lines window the corresponding line will be drawn. Theavailable options for both Rp and Rt lines are normally 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0%. Anycombination of lines may be selected but note that the proof stress to which the specimen istested is defined only by the selection made on the main screen. (Users who require differentProof Lines should note that they may be changed by editing the “nnnnTENS.ini” file.)


MA15_1

The “Slope” option in the Proof Lines window draws a straightthe curve. The line will be drawn if the “Slope” box is ticked.

Options Menu -> Preferences… -> Auto RangingIf the Auto Ranging option is used (click the box) the test ranges which will be exceeded during the test. When this happautomatically to allow the test to continue. If Auto Ranging range is exceeded the test will be aborted. The advantage of tests to be conducted confidently when the test specimen has c

Figure 12a. The Rp line options

Figure 12b. The Rt line options

Page 23

line through the elastic part of

may be started using workingens the range will be increasedis not selected and a workingAuto Ranging is that it allowsompletely unknown properties.


Page 24 MA15_1

The disadvantages are that there is a slight pause in the extension rate and also the possibilityof a bump to the specimen as the range is changed. These may affect the results. If theworking ranges can be known to be correct before the test is started then it is best to selectthem. Auto Ranging can then be used only to protect against unexpected over-ranging.

Options Menu -> Preferences… -> RatesThe Rates section of the Options window contains three values :-

Preload rate (normally entered in units of kN/s) is the rate at which the specimen isloaded to the preload value (specified in the main screen) during the initial part of thetest. It is also the rate at which the specimen is unloaded if the test is aborted beforethe specimen breaks.

Breaking Rates -> Load Rate is the rate at which the load will be increased duringthe final breaking phase of the test if that phase is run in load control. (The choice ofbreaking phase mode is given in the Options -> Breaking Control Mode section.)

Breaking Rates -> Stroke Rate is the displacement rate used if the breaking phase isperformed in stroke control. If the ‘Stop when proof reached’ option on the mainscreen is unticked, then the Strain rate shown on the main screen is used throughoutthe test.

Note that the control mode for the breaking part of the test must be selected before the ratecan be entered. The rate figure corresponding to the mode not in use is greyed-out.

Options Menu -> Preferences… -> Yield strength calculationsThe Tensile Program can calculate the upper and lower yield strengths ReH and ReL which, ifselected, will be printed with the results at the end of the test.

Options Menu -> Preferences… -> Data sampling ratesSampled data is saved to the “.dat” results file for later analysis. The rate at which data issampled may be set differently for the two phases of the test (phase 1, the strain phase andphase 2, the breaking phase).

Options -> Extensometry ChannelIf a dual extensometer is used for strain measurement, this option allows selection of channelA, channel B or the average of both channels. Click the required option to make the selection.

Options -> Proof Stress ExtensometryThis option opens a further menu allowing either the Stroke Transducer or Strain Transducerto be used for strain measurement during the proof stress part of the test. Best results willnormally be obtained using a strain transducer attached to the specimen, however for somematerials such as reinforcing bar, the use of stroke is more convenient. If the stroketransducer option selected, the actuator displacement is used to derive strain measurementstaking into consideration such factors as load frame stiffness. Click the required option tomake the selection.


MA15_1 Page 25

If the test is selected to be performed without an extensometer, the option “Stop when proofreached” enables the user to decide if the test should wait for user intervention when theselected value of proof stress is reached. This may be undesirable in some cases, e.g. if thespecimen continues to creep when held at this load. Note that if “Stop when proof reached” isun-ticked then the same extension rate is used throughout the test.

Options -> Proof Stress Control ModeThis option opens a further menu allowing either stroke or strain control mode to be usedduring the proof stress part of the test. This option may be used in conjunction with the ProofStress Extensometry option. Click the required mode to make the selection.

Options -> Breaking Control ModeThis option opens a further menu allowing either stroke or load control mode to be usedduring the breaking part of the test. Click the required mode to make the selection.

Options Menu -> Display Comms WindowThis option is a diagnostic tool provided for Phoenix Services engineers. Turning the optionon will open a window which displays communications messages between the computer andthe control system. To remove the window, close it from the Options menu by re-clicking thefeature.

References MenuThe references table contains important test details such as material specification etc. whichmay be entered by the user and printed with the results at the end of the test. To enter valuesinto the table, select the Setup option from the References Menu. This will open the table fortext entry. When the values have been entered, click the “OK” button. Entering anyinformation into the references table is optional.

To print a copy of the references table to the printer, select the “Print” option from theReferences pull-down menu.

Certificate MenuThe user may enter data relating to Chemical Analysis, Chemical Limits and MechanicalLimits via the Properties Menu (see Properties section below). The final test results certificatemay be configured by the user with any combination of these (optional) Properties files viathe Certificate Menu. Selecting the Certificate Menu -> Setup and Print opens a windowwhich allows any of the Properties files (Mechanical Limits, Chemical Limits, or ChemicalAnalysis files) to be selected. Clicking a Properties File type button followed by the “SelectFile” button at the bottom of the window opens a conventional file management dialoguebox. This allows the file to be loaded from the available selection. If a file is not retrievedexplicitly, the final certificate will contain the default file information.

It is possible to print a copy of the certificate at any time, not just at the end of the test, byclicking the “Print” button from the Certificate menu.


Page 26 MA15_1

Properties Menu -> Mechanical

The Limits sub menu option opens the Mechanical Limits file for data entry. The file may beprinted using the Print option. This file contains upper and lower limit values for variousspecimen mechanical properties which may be entered into the table and saved by clickingthe “Save Limits” button. Similarly, any existing set of limits may be retrieved by clicking the“Retrieve Limits” button. The Mechanical Limits files are given a “.mel” extension and arenormally placed in the “C:\PS\Settings” folder.

Note that if a Mechanical Limits file is retrieved before the main screen settings are saved(see Save and Retrieve Settings), the file will then be saved or retrieved along with thesettings. If no file is saved, when a settings file is retrieved the existing values (if any) will beused. If no values have been retrieved, the final results certificate will contain zero values.

Note that the Mechanical Limits data is provided only for printing on the final test certificate.The Tensile Test program does not perform any checks using the values entered, the test maytherefore be run without them.

Properties Menu -> Chemical -> Analysis

The Analysis sub menu option opens the Chemical Analysis file for data entry. The file maybe printed using the Print option. This file contains for various specimen chemical analysisproperties which may be entered into the table and saved by clicking the “Save Analysis”button. Similarly, any existing analysis data may be retrieved by clicking the “RetrieveAnalysis” button. The Chemical Analysis files are given a “.che” extension and are normallyplaced in the “C:\PS\Settings” folder.

Note that if a Chemical Analysis file is retrieved before the main screen settings are saved(see Save and Retrieve Settings), the file will then be saved or retrieved along with thesettings. If no file is saved, when a settings file is retrieved the existing elements and values(if any) will be used. If none have been retrieved, the final results certificate will contain thedefault elements and zero values.

Note that the Chemical Analysis data is provided only for printing on the final test certificate.The Tensile Test program does not perform any checks using the values entered, the test maytherefore be run without them.

Properties Menu -> Chemical -> Limits

The Limits sub menu option opens the Chemical Limits file for data entry. The file may beprinted using the Print option. This file contains upper and lower limit values for variousspecimen chemical properties which may be entered into the table and saved by clicking the“Save Limits” button. Similarly, any existing set of limits may be retrieved by clicking the“Retrieve Limits” button. The Chemical Limits files are given a “.chl” extension and arenormally placed in the “C:\PS\Settings” folder. Note that if a Chemical Limits file is retrievedbefore the main screen settings are saved (see Save and Retrieve Settings), the file will besaved or retrieved along with the settings. If no file is saved, when a settings file is retrievedthe existing values (if any) will be used. If no values have been retrieved, the final resultscertificate will contain zero values.


MA15_1 Page 27

Note that the Chemical Limits data is provided only for printing on the final test certificate.The Tensile Test program does not perform any checks using the values entered, the test maytherefore be run without them if desired.

About MenuThe About Menu displays a box containing the Tensile Test software version number, as wellas information to help the user to contact Phoenix Services in the event of a query.


Page 28 MA15_1

5. THE VIRTUAL CONTROL PANEL

The Tensile program uses the Virtual Control Panel (VCP) program to provide access to all ofthe control system features without the need to operate the control system manually. VCP actsas a common channel of communication between applications and the controller. When theTensile program is running normally the Virtual Control Panel is minimised to an icon nearthe bottom of the screen. If changes are required to the control system settings the VCPprogram can be maximised and used to access the controller. At critical times during theoperation of the Tensile program the VCP icon is barred from use unless execution of the testis paused. In this case, the VCP icon is shown with a black grid across it to indicate thataccess is denied.

Full details of the VCP program are given in its own manual, however it is designed toreproduce the control system manual display arrangement as closely as possible. Anyone whois used to operating the control unit manually will find the VCP interface very familiar.

To change a control system setting once the Tensile program is running, click on the VCPicon to maximise it (the icon must be “unbarred” in order to do this). It is not necessary toquit from or minimise the Tensile program first. Once the change has been made the VCPprogram can be minimised (click the button in the top right of its window) leaving the Tensileprogram to be used in the normal way. Note that if the VCP program is closed it will causethe Tensile program to be closed as well. Closing the Tensile program (from the File menu -Exit) will leave VCP running.


MA15_1 Page 29

6. APPENDIX 1 - AN INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS

All Phoenix Calibration & Services applications programs are designed to run within theWindows environment on an IBM compatible personal computer. This instruction manualdoes not assume a working knowledge of Windows, however the user is urged to read theWindows documentation for complete information, as only the basic details are given here.For users new to the Windows environment the following is a glossary of important termsused:-

Mouse pointer - a pointing device on the screen which is moved using the mouse. Mostoperations within Windows are achieved by pointing to parts of the screen and pressing thebuttons on the mouse. The shape of the mouse pointer will change as it points to differentobjects. The normal pointer is an arrow which points upwards and slightly left. When thepointer is placed in a text entry box it changes to an I-beam (similar to a capital I). When thecomputer is performing some action which requires it to suspend mouse operationtemporarily (when reading or writing a file to disk for example), the pointer changes to anhourglass.

Click - the action of pressing the mouse buttons is usually known as “clicking”, not“pressing”, as it is a momentary press (click) which is usually used. The expressions “left-click” or “right-click” refer to clicking the left or right buttons on the mouse. Most operationsuse the left mouse button, so “click” usually means left-click.

Double-click - is to click the mouse button twice in quick succession. This is a specific actionquite distinct from clicking the mouse button twice with an interval between. If the user hasdifficulty in clicking fast enough, the double-click response speed may be changed fromwithin the Windows Control Panel. Please refer to your Windows manual.

Edit cursor - also known as the Insertion Bar. Entering text or numerical values is oftenachieved by placing the mouse pointer over the box where the parameter appears thenselecting the value for editing by left clicking. This places an edit cursor at the point wherethe editing will take place. The edit cursor is in the form of a vertical flashing bar. Thebackspace and delete keys may be used while editing.

Tabbing - instead of pointing and clicking on parameter entry boxes or buttons using themouse, it is possible to use the tab key to make a selection. Tabbing selects the parameters ina repeating sequence; using Shift+Tab reverses the sequence. The item which is selected isidentified either by the presence of the edit cursor, or by a dotted box. If the selected item is abutton it may then be operated by pressing the space bar on the keyboard. Regardless of theselection, there is usually a button which has a bold outline. This is known as the DefaultButton and may be operated by using the ENTER key even when it is not currently selected.

Greyed-out - when the operation of a button is inhibited for some reason its colour andoutline are made grey. Clicking on a greyed-out button will not cause it to operate.

Access keys - A title or label may have one character underlined. The keystrokeAlt+character will select the parameter, for example to select a box titled “Mode”, press theM key while holding down the Alt key. Some types of data entry box contain a button with adownward pointing triangle ( ! ). This may be operated by pressing Alt+down-arrow which


Page 30 MA15_1

will open a drop-down box of possible options for that parameter. The up and down arrowkeys may then be used to highlight an option which is then selected by tabbing away from thebox or pressing Alt+down-arrow again.

Menu bar - at the top of the working window is a strip (bar) containing menu names. If themouse is positioned on one of the menu names and the left button clicked, a drop-down menuappears. To select an option from a drop-down menu, click on the option. Alternatively, placethe mouse pointer over the menu to select it, press the left mouse button and hold it downwhile pulling the mouse down to the required option. The option is selected when the mousebutton is released.

Short-cut keys - the menus on the menu bar also have underlined characters but are notaccessed using the “Alt+character” method. Instead, pressing F10 will select the menu bar,the underlined short-cut keys or the left and right cursor keys may be used to select therequired menu. Short-cut keys select and open a menu directly, the cursor key methodrequires the ENTER key to be pressed to open the selected menu. Once open, use the up ordown cursor keys to make a selection (followed by ENTER), or just press an underlinedshort-cut key. To cancel the selection process, press the escape key.


MA15_1 Page 31

7. APPENDIX 2 - AN EXAMPLE RESULTS FILE

The following is an example of a “.dat” results file:-

“TENSILE” (Application used)“0000 v5.05” (Job and version number)“MANUAL1.DAT” (File name)“13/11/01” (Date of test)5,17,25 (For Phoenix Services use)“Number 1” (Reference table - part number)“Test Ref.” ( - test reference)“Description” ( - description)1230 ( - quantity)“Order No.” ( - order number)“Material Spec.” ( - material specification)“Heat Treatment” ( - heat treatment)“Code Mark” ( - code mark)12 (Diameter)0 (Breadth)0 (Depth)113.1 (CSA)50 (Gauge Length)“0” (Hot test ? “0” = No, “-1” = Yes)“0.0” (Test temperature (for elevated temperature tests))“Remarks1” (Reference table - first remark)“Remarks2” ( - second remark)“Remarks3” ( - third remark)“Remarks4” ( - fourth remark)0 (For Phoenix Services use)“Strain Phase in Strain CONTROL”“Feedback from Extensometer”“Break in Stroke CONTROL”“Lower stress limit for modulus calculation = 20” ([N/mm2])“Upper stress limit for modulus calculation = 200” ([N/mm2])“BS EN 10 002-1 1990” (Standard used for test)0.15 (Strain rate [mm/min])“Rp0.1” (Proof stress percentages)“Rp0.2”“Rp0.5”“Rp1.0”“Rt0.1”“Rt0.2”“Rt0.5”


Page 32 MA15_1

“Rt1.0”“”,“”,“”,“” (Indicates end of pre-test data)1,1,1,“TENSILE” (For Phoenix Services use)“No. of Logs: 116” (Specifies number of data rows in phase 1)“Time (s )”,“Stroke (mm)”,“Strain (mm)”,“Load (kN)”,“Extensometer (mm)” (Column headers)0,.002,.001,1.27,.001 (Phase 1 data).5,.005,.003,2.1,.0031.1,.007,.004,2.881,.0042,.007,.006,4.15,.0062.8,.01,.008,4.98,.0083.6,.012,.01,6.104,.014.2,.017,.012,6.885,.0125.2,.017,.014,8.252,.0145.8,.02,.016,9.033,.0166.5,.024,.018,9.863,.0187.3,.024,.02,10.889,.02..(NOT ALL DATA IS SHOWN HERE FOR THE STRAIN PHASE)..84.8,.291,.212,61.768,.21285.7,.293,.214,61.768,.21486.4,.295,.216,61.816,.21687.1,.298,.218,61.816,.21887.3,.298,.218,61.865,.218“Precise point: ”,.2183056,61.86531 (Maximum precision for last point in phase 1)“”,“”,“”,“” (Indicates end of phase 1 data)1,1,2,“TENSILE” (For Phoenix Services use)“No. of Logs: 45” (Specifies number of data rows in phase 2)“Time (s )”,“Stroke (mm)”,“Strain (mm)”,“Load (kN)”,“Extensometer (mm)” (Column headers).1,.32,.232,61.963,.232 (Phase 2 data).6,.337,.247,62.012,.2471,.359,.261,62.158,.2611.4,.381,.276,62.207,.2761.8,.4,.291,62.305,.291..(NOT ALL DATA IS SHOWN HERE FOR THE BREAKING PHASE)..16,1.106,.5,63.525,.516.4,1.128,.5,63.574,.516.9,1.147,.5,63.574,.517.3,1.167,.5,63.623,.5


MA15_1 Page 33

17.5,1.182,.5,4.688,.5“”,“”,“”,“” (Indicates end of phase 1 data)0,0,0,“END” (For Phoenix Services use)“RESULTS” (Indicates result parameters follow)542.3 (Stress at 1st Rp value)546.6 (Stress at 2nd Rp value)0 (Stress at 3rd Rp value (0 means could not be determined))0 (Stress at 4th Rp value)243.9 (Stress at 1st Rt value)470.6 (Stress at 2nd Rt value)0 (Stress at 3rd Rt value (0 means could not be determined))0 (Stress at 4th Rt value)0 (Reserved)0 (Reserved)0 (Reserved)0 (Reserved)227871 (Final modulus)0 (Reserved)562.6 (Ultimate Tensile Strength)0 (Reserved)515432.1 (Slope of elastic part of stress/strain curve)-2.31305E-03 (Strain axis intercept)1192.22 (Stress axis intercept)20 (Specimen elongation %)55.55 (Specimen reduction in CSA %)0 (Brinell hardness value)0 (Charpy hardness value 1)0 (Charpy hardness value 2)0 (Charpy hardness value 3)40 (Original gauge length (Lo))48 (Final gauge length (Lu) corresponding to Lo)4.3 (Final diameter)550 (ReH [N/mm2] (0 means could not be determined))546 (ReL [N/mm2] (0 means could not be determined))


Page 34 MA15_1

Phoenix Calibration & Services LtdBrick Kiln Street, Harts Hill, Brierley Hill,

West Midlands, DY5 1JG,

UNITED KINGDOM

Tel. No. +44 (0)1384 480545

Fax No. +44 (0)1384 480602

E-mail: [email protected]

Web site: http://www.phoenixcalibration.co.uk

tensile test instruction manual

Documents