tenses

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Tenses Tense กกก กก กก (English Grammar) (Tense) กก Present Tenses 4 Present Simple Tense + V1 (s, es) Present Continuous Tense + is, am, are + V-ing Present Perfect Tense + has, have + V3 Present Perfect Continuous Tense + has, have + been + V-ing Past Tenses 4 Past Simple Tense + V2 Past Continuous Tense + was, were + V-ing Past Perfect Tense + had + V3 Past Perfect Continuous Tense + had + been + V-ing Future Tenses 4 Future Simple Tense + will, shall + V1 Future Continuous Tense + will, shall + be + V-ing Future Perfect Tense + will, shall + have + V3 Future Perfect Continuous Tense + will, shall + have + been + V-ing

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Present Simple Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Past Simple Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense Future Simple Tense Future Continuous Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continuous Tense

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Tenses ก��

Tense ��� �������� ก��� ��������� �����ก ������ก �ก���� ����ก�� !"�"�#$��# �% ��ก �ก���� "&!"

ก �'�����"���($� ก����&�ก)* (English Grammar) ����ก#�"&!" '������� �'��������ก � (Tense) : ��;��$ ;�ก���$���ก&���������$� ��$� �<������'�(�����$# ก �ก���� ���ก�# $ !""&!"�ก�� !"�;����� '�(��"� (����(����# �=�ก���� �&�"�!

Present Tenses 4 �� Present Simple Tense ���B " + V1 (s, es) Present Continuous Tense ���B " + is, am, are + V-ing Present Perfect Tense ���B " + has, have + V3 Present Perfect Continuous Tense ���B " + has, have + been + V-ing

Past Tenses 4 �� Past Simple Tense ���B " + V2 Past Continuous Tense ���B " + was, were + V-ing Past Perfect Tense ���B " + had + V3 Past Perfect Continuous Tense ���B " + had + been + V-ing

Future Tenses 4 �� Future Simple Tense ���B " + will, shall + V1 Future Continuous Tense ���B " + will, shall + be + V-ing Future Perfect Tense ���B " + will, shall + have + V3 Future Perfect Continuous Tense ���B " + will, shall + have + been + V-ing

Present Simple Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I ก��� (;#;� s, es

Do

I

ก��� (;#;� s, es ?

I

do not (donYt) ก��� (;#;� e, es

You you You

We we We

They they They

He ก��� ;� s ���� es

Does he He does not (doesnYt)

She She She

It it It

ก� � � � �;�����̂"����ก �������ก �ก���� �����̂"'���_���&�$(� � �;�����̂"ก ���� �����ก ��� ����ก �ก���� ����ก�� !"�"�����<�� � ��^"ก �ก���� ����ก�� !"��^"ก�'$&���&!����� �̀''�&"����" �� � ��^"ก �ก���� ���ก� �"�($��"#"�"���'��ก�� !"�"�" ��

!"�#$!%& � ���B "�����̂"��ก<'"�ก��� �������; s, es � ���_���ก��# '����ก��� �#$��"ก�������ก ��"�" �ก��'�(;#��� � U� ��& Verb to be �����̂"ก��� ��&ก _���ก��'�(;#���ก��� �#$� (;#$# �"���_���� = ;����

���_���T��UB

���B " (Subject) + ก��� (Verb) �#����� 1

Example ก )#��*� Verb to be (is, am, are) is am are ����ก�&$��# �"�! ��̂"ก��� ��� (�<� �;��&$����$�"���_�� (;#(��(��U��;ก&ก��� �&$���")

�1ก$�2� She is a doctor. !�217$�87!"1

�9)$�: She is not a doctor. ���� She isnYt a doctor. ��#�"(;#��̂"�;�

�;�<�" Is she a doctor? ��#�"��̂"�;���#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, she is. / No, she isnYt. ���� No, she is not. ��# / (;#��#

�1ก$�2� I am a student. >?7$�877?ก$ @#7

�9)$�: I am not a student.. ���� IYm not a student. e&"(;#��^""&ก����"

�;�<�" Are you a student? e&"��^""&ก����"��#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, I am. / No, IYm not. ���� No, I am not. ��# (;#��#

�1ก$�2� You are a tiger. �&C$�87$�D1

�9)$�: You are not a tiger. ���� You arenYt a tiger. ���(;#��^"�U��

�;�<�" Am I a tiger? e&"��̂"�U����#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, you are. / No, you are not. ���� No, you arenYt. ��#/ (;#��#

ก )#��*� Verb to have (Have, Has) ก��� �&$"�! =� ��^"ก��� ����"���_�� (;#�$��� "� �"� �<����� ��̂"���_���� = ; = ��;�'�

=�ก����� ;($� ก��� ��#กg(;#"��;���ก&"���$ ก �U�� ����_���� = ;����T��UB����� Do ก& Does ; ���

�1ก$�2� He has a car. $G�"@ <

�9)$�: He does not have a car. ���� He doesnYt have a car. � (;#;��=

�;�<�" Does he have a car? � ;��=��#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, he does. / No, he does not. ���� No, he doesnYt. ��#/ (;#��#

�1ก$�2� They have a cat. IJก$G�"@�"J

�9)$�: They do not have a cat. ���� They donYt have a cat. <$ก� (;#;��;$

�;�<�" Do they have a car? <$ก� ;��;$��#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, they do. / No, they do not. ���� No, they donYt. ��#/ (;#��#

ก )#� 2J# can, should, must

�1ก$�2� A dog can swim. !"���"� <J2�#7M;�NO�

�9)$�: A dog cannot swim. ���� A dog canYt swim. �; (;#U ; �=$# �"!� (��

�;�<�" Can a dog swim? �; $# �"!� (����#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, a dog can. / No, a dog cannot. ���� No, a dog canYt. ��#/ (;#��#

�1ก$�2� Somchai should go to school now. �" �#�J PQN�� �$ @#7$O@R#J7@M

�9)$�: Somchai should not go to school now. ���� Somchai shouldnYt go to school now.

U;� �(;#�$�'�(�_������"���h�$"�!

�;�<�" Should Somchai go to school now? U;� ��$�'�(�_������"���h�$"�!��#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, Somchai should. / No, Somchai should not. ���� No, Somchai shouldnYt. ��#/ (;#��#

�1ก$�2� She must go. !�217%�1�N�

�9)$�: She must not go. ���� She mustnYt go. ��#�"����(;#(�

�;�<�" Must she go? ��#�"����(���#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, She must. / No, she must not. ���� No, she mustnYt. ��#/ (;#��#

=� (;#;�ก��� �#$��"���_������� Do ก& Does ; ����"���_���� = ; Do + � Q:�7I!�IP7U Does + � Q:�7$1กIP7U

�1ก$�2� I eat a banana. >?7ก)7ก��J#

�9)$�: I do not eat a banana. ���� I donYt eat a banana. e&"ก�"ก��$�

�;�<�" Do I eat a banana? e&"ก�"ก��$�

�;�%1� Yes, I do. / No, I do not. ���� No, I donYt. ��#/ (;#��#

�1ก$�2� They go to school by bus. IJก$G�N�� �$ @#7�O# <�?�

�9)$�: They do not go to school by bus. ���� They donYt go to school by bus.

<$ก� (;#(�_������"_���=&U

�;�<�" Do they go to school by bus? <$ก� (�_������"�=&U��#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, they do. / No, they do not. ���� No, they donYt. ��#/ (;#��#

�1ก$�2� He goes to school. $G�N�� �$ @#7

�9)$�: He does not go to school. ���� He doesnYt go to school.

� (;#(�_������"

�;�<�" Does he go to school? � (�_������"��#(�;

�;�%1� Yes, he do. / No, he does not. ���� No, he doesnYt. ��#/ (;#��#

�;��1ก$J����O�ก� � � Present simple tense

�� ����$ ก��#;��

Always

Often

Usually

Frequently

Generally, normally

Sometimes

Occasionally

Nowadays

Rarely

Hardly

seldom

$�"1

�21#V

"?กPQ

�21#V

�O#*?WJN�

���� ?M�

���� �J

*&กJ?77@M

7�7V � ?M�

�*�PQN"2

Every day (week, month, year)

One a week = �?�O�!U�Q� ?M�

Twice a day = J?7�Q 2 � ?M�

On Sundays = *&กJ?71�*)%#U

(on + J?7 + s = *&กJ?7.......)

!�?กก� � � Present simple tense 1. ��� �����ก �������ก�� !"��̂"���'� ก�'$&��

� I usually get up at 6.00 a.m. �ก��e&"���""�"��" 6 _;����

� Students sometimes go to class late. ���&!�"&ก����"; ����"U �

� Niti plays tennis every weekend. "�����#"��""�U��ก$&"����

2. ��� �����ก ��������^"'�������ก � � The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

3. ��� ��$ ;U ; �= ��;�������^"'����"�̀''�&" ���� � ��$� � My father works as a vice-president of that company.

<#���e&"��^"������B "��*&� (�ก��;��) � My daughter plays the piano very well.

��กU $��e&"��#"��p�_"�ก#�; ก (�ก�$ ;U ; �=) � My family lives near the river.

�����&$��e&"� q&����#��;�;#"!� (�ก��;��) � The last train leaves at midnight.

�=(r�����$U���� ���ก�$� ��������" (�ก� � ��$� )

��� Present simple tense ��&��� �����;���# "�! �<������ �����ก ������'��ก�� !"�"�" ��

When + Present simple, Future simple

When As soon as After If/Unless

I see him, IYll phone you.

Future simple Until + Present simple

IYll wait Until I see him. ��#"

� Malee will call you as soon as she arrives. ; ��'�_��� ����&"�������B�; = �

� I will stay home if it rains. e&"'����#� "=� s"�ก

ก� � ����;�<�"�O#� � Wh-Question (Who, What, Where, When, Why, How) �� (��_���� �� ���# "�!"� �"� ���_���� = ;

�� "" ��#�����&��� ���'���̂"�� ����ก��$� ��#"

Is she a doctor? ��#�"��^"�;���#(�; � Who is she? ��#�"��^"�� (�&��;���ก �<� �����ก ��� ����^"����) � She is a doctor. ��#�"��^"!"1

Do they have a car? <$ก� ;��=��#(�; � What do they have? <$ก� ;�1QN (�&��=��ก�<� �����ก ��� ��U�����) � They have a car. <$ก� ;� <

Does he go to school? � (�_������"��#(�; � Where does he go? <$ก� (�*@WN!7 (�&�_������"��ก �<� �����ก ��� ��U= "���) � He goes to school. � (�� �$ @#7

Should Somchai go to school now? U;� ��$�'�(�_������"���h�$"�!��#(�; � When should Somchai go to school? U;� ��$�'�(�_������"$"DW1N! 2

(�&����h�$"�! �<� �����ก ��� �������^"�$� ) � Shomchai should go to school now. U;� ��$�'�(�_������"$O@R#J7@M

Should Somchai go to school now? U;� ��$�'�(�_������"���h�$"�!��#(�; � Why should Somchai go to school now? *;�N" U;� ��$�'�(�_������"���h�$"�!

((;#�&���(���� �<� ��� ��(;#(�����#�"���_��) � Because he will be late. $I �QJ2� $G�PQN���#

Do they go to school by bus? <$ก� (�_������"_���=&U��#(�; � How do they go to school? <$ก� (�_������"1#2��N

(�&�_���=&U��ก �<� ��� ������ก �$�B�ก �) � They go to school by bus. <$ก� (�_������"�O# <�?�

Present Continuous Tense

�� �� ���

���B " (Subject) + is, am, are+ ก��� (Verb) �#����� 1 ���; ing

����� �ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I am

V.ing

Am I

ก��� (;#;� s, es ?

I am not

He

Is

he He She is not It

V.ing She is she

It it

We

Are

we We You are not They

You are she

They they

ก� � � � �;�����̂"����ก �������ก �ก���� ���ก� �&��� �"�"���#� ''�;� Adverb �"����� ����ก��#;��

�� กT���#��$� � ���ก&����ก �������ก�� !"�"�" ���&"�ก�� _��;��� ���#��ก�" ���� กT���# � ���ก&ก �ก���� ����ก�� !"�"���� �̀''�&"����#�(��"�" �� � ���ก&ก �ก���� ����ก�� !":!� : ก

!"�#$!%& � �ก��=� �� ��� He always does something. (� �� ��# �"&!"��ก��&!�)

��#=� ��� He is always doing something. (� �� ��# �"&!"#����#(;#��ก��&!�)

Example � Q�#��1ก$�2�

���_���ก��# '���̂"_���U�� �B��;� ��� ���B " + is, am, are + ก��� ���; ing

�� �� ���

I am singing

He She It A cat

is singing

You We They Cats

are singing

� I am singing. t;ก� �&������<��

� He is swimming. � ก� �&�$# �"!� She is riding a bike. ��#�"ก� �&���'&ก�� " It is raining. ;&"ก� �&�s"�ก A cat is eating a fish. �;$ก� �&�ก�"��

� You are listening to the radio. ���ก� �&�r̀�$���� We are watching TV. <$ก�� ก� �&�����$� They are cutting trees. <$ก� ก� �&��&���"(;� Cats are drinking water. �;$ก� �&����;"!�

� Q�#��1ก�9)$�: _���U�� ��T��UB��� ����_���ก��# �<�����#�� �� $# not ; $ ���&� is, am, are

I am not singing

He, She, It, A cat is not singing

You, We, They, Cats are not singing

� IYm not singing. t;(;#(��ก� �&������<��

� He isnbt swimming. � (;#(��ก� �&�$# �"!� She is not riding a bike. ��#�"(;#(��ก� �&���'&ก�� " ItYs not raining. ;&"(;#(��ก� �&�s"�ก A cat is not eating a fish. �;$(;#(��ก� �&�ก�"��

� You are not listening to the radio. ���(;#(��ก� �&�r`�$���� We arenbt watching TV. <$ก�� (;#(��ก� �&�����$� TheyYre not cutting trees. <$ก� (;#(��ก� �&��&���"(;� Cats are not drinking water. �;$(;#(��ก� �&����;"!�

� Q�#��;�<�" Yes / No Question ก ��� ���_���� = ;�# �%��� �<�����#�� �� $# Is, Am, Are ; $ �($��"� ���_����#"&!"���

�����# ��;���;��������; ��� = ;�� ����_����$� "���&

� Q�#��;�<�"��2�11ก$�87�1�� Q$Oe7�D1 <�"�7 ������1ก$�2� ��Q<�" ������9)$�: 1. ก� <�"�7 ������1ก$�2�

Am I singing

Is he, she, it, a cat singing

Are you, we, they, cats singing

� Am I singing? t;ก� �&������<����#(�; Yes, you are. /No, you arenYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Is he swimming? � ก� �&�$# �"!� ��#(�; Yes, he is. / No, he isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Is she riding a bike? ��#�"ก� �&���'&ก�� "��#(�; Yes, she is. / No, she isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Is it raining? ;&"ก� �&�s"�ก��#(�; Yes, it is. / No, it isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Is a cat eating a fish? �;$ก� �&�ก�"�� ��#(�; Yes, a cat is. / No, a cat isnYt. ��# / (;#��# Yes, it is. / No, it isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Are you listening to the radio? ���ก� �&�r̀�$������#(�; Yes, I am. / No, IYm not. ��# / (;#��#

� Are we watching TV? <$ก�� ก� �&�����$���#(�; Yes, we are. / No, we arenYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Are they cutting trees? <$ก� ก� �&��&���"(;���#(�; Yes, they are. / No, we arenYt. ��# / (;��#

� Are cats drinking water? �;$ก� �&����;"!� ��#(�; Yes, cats are. / No, cats arenYt. ��# / (;#��# Yes, they are. / No, they arenYt. ��# / (;#��#

2. ก� <�"�7 ������9)$�: ก �= ;�"����T��UB�#���ก��กU�������g"��� �"������g; ��������#�

� ������g;

Am I not singing

Is he, she, it, a cat not singing

Are you, we, they, cats not singing

� �����#�

Am I not singing Isnbt he, she, it, a cat singing

Arenbt you, we, they, cats singing

� Am I not singing? t;(;#(��ก� �&������<����#(�; Yes, you are. /No, you arenYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Isnbt he swimming? � (;#(��ก� �&�$# �"!� ��#(�; Yes, he is. / No, he isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Is she not riding a bike? ��#�"(;#(��ก� �&���'&ก�� "��#(�; Yes, she is. / No, she isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Isnbt it raining? ;&"(;#(��ก� �&�s"�ก��#(�; Yes, it is. / No, it isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Is a cat not eating a fish? �;$(;#(��ก� �&�ก�"�� ��#(�; Yes, a cat is. / No, a cat isnYt. ��# / (;#��# Yes, it is. / No, it isnYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Are you not listening to the radio? ���(;#(��ก� �&�r`�$������#(�; Yes, I am. / No, IYm not. ��# / (;#��#

� Arenbt we watching TV? <$ก�� (;#(��ก� �&�����$���#(�; Yes, we are. / No, we arenYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Are they not cutting trees? <$ก� (;#(��ก� �&��&���"(;���#(�; Yes, they are. / No, we arenYt. ��# / (;��#

� Arenbt cats drinking water? �;$(;#(��ก� �&����;"!� ��#(�; Yes, cats are./ No, cats arenYt. ��# / (;#��# Yes, they are./ No, they arenYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Q�#��;�<�" Wh- Question

����� �� ���# "�! (Who, What, Where, When, Why, How) "� �"� ���_�� � ;��$� is, am, are

� Who is sitting on my chair? ���ก� �&�"&�����#"�ก� ��!��e&" Jane is. �'"

� What am I eating? e&"ก� �&�ก�"��(� You is eating rice. ���ก� �&�ก�"� $

� Where is she sleeping? ��#�"ก� �&�"�"���(�" SheYs sleeping in the bedroom. ��#�"ก� �&�"�"�"����"�"

� When are they going to London. <$ก� ก� �&�'�(���"��"�;���(��# They are going to London next month. <$ก� ก� �&�'�(���"��"����"�"�

� Why is that boy crying? ��gก� ��""&!"����(���� (; He wants a toy. � �� ก(������#"

Present Perfect Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

have (Yve)

V3

Have

I

V3 ?

I

Have not (havenYt)

V3

You we You

We you We

They they They

He has (Ys)

Has He He has not (hasnYt)

She She She

It it It

ก� � � � ����;����U��ก �������"����������ก ��� � ���ก&ก �ก���� ��������ก �������ก�� !"���$ ����&���;�t�; = ��̀''�&" ��^"ก ��"�"$# ก �

������"����"&!"�&������# � ���ก&����ก ������ �ก�� !"�"��������� �"�"�#�'"= ��̀''�&" : ��'�;��� ���# "�!�� กT���#

�<���������$# ����ก ������# "&!"�ก�� !"�;���(� (���ก# for, since, ever since, so far, recently, in the last few days

� ����U��ก �ก���� ������ก���� ����(;#���ก���� �"���� : ��'�(;#U ; �=�ก�$� ����"#"�"(��

� ���ก&ก �ก���� ��������ก �������<���'�'U�!"��(� ���;&ก�� กT�� $# just, already, yet ก� ก&($�

���B " (Subject) + has, have + ก��� (Verb) �#����� 3

�� �� ���

He, She, It, A cat has eaten

I, You, We, They, Cats have eaten

!�?กก� � � 1. � �ก?�$!%&ก� CU$ก)OGgM7�71O@% O;�$7)7"�P7<g�GCQ7@M ��QPQ%21$7DW1�N��717��% ���'�;�U����

"�!���ก����#��$� ��� � for ��̂"�$� (ก��" �� ก���&�$_;� ก��$&" ก��U&�� �� ก���p) � since �&!���# (�&!���#�&�$_;�(�" $&"(�" U&�� ��(�" ����"(�" �p(�")

� She has studied English since July. ��#�"����"(���$)y * �&�ก)* �&!���#����"ก�กz �; (����"�&!���#����"ก�กz �; ��""�!����"ก&"� �"���$ ���;��"$_"�;'�����"�#�(���ก)

� HeYs worked in the garden since 8 oYclock. � �� � "(���$)�"U$"�&!���# 8 _;���� (��""�!U�_;����$ ;����# $# '��� �#�(�)

� It has rained for three hours. s"�ก (���$) ��̂"�$� 3 �&�$_;� (���;��$$$# '��ก�#�(���ก)

� A boy has played football since 3 oYclock. ��gก� ���#"r����(���$)�&!���# 3 _;� (��""�!U��_;����$ "# '���#"�#�= ��� _;�;&!�)

� I have lived here for ten years. e&"� q&����# (���$) ���"�� ��̂"�$� 10 �p ('������;��"�ก���"���� �`''�&"กg�&����#���"�� �" ��กg'����#�#�)

� YouYve watched TV for two hours. �����(���$)��$���^"�$� U���&�$_;� (��; ���$U���&�$_;����"# '����#� =� �;#(;#�� ;)

� WeYve walked for five hours. �� ���"(���$)��^"�$� 5 �&�$_;� They have built the house since last year. <$ก� U�� �(���$)� "�&!���#�p������$ (��""�!กg�&�U�� ����# ���"# '�U�� ��#�(���ก�� �����"���U�g')

�;�<�"*@W� �ก?�%?J1#2��O��7�7�2J7"�กPQGgM7%�7O�J# How longhh. (7�7��2N!7)

� How long has she studied English? ��#�"����"�&�ก)*" "��#(�"���$

� How long has he worked in the garden? � �� � "�"U$"" "��#(�"���$

� How long has it rained s"�ก" "��#(�"���$

� How long has a boy played football? ��gก� ���#"r����" "��#(�"���$

� How long have you lived here? (= ; you �� I) ������#���"��" "��#(�"���$

� How long have I watched TV? (= ; I �� You) t;����$�" "��#(�"���$

� How long have we walked? �� ���"" "��#(�"���$

� How long have they built the house? <$ก� U�� �� "" "��#(�"���$

2. � �ก?�$!%&ก� CU*@W$ก)OGgM7N"27�7"�7@M ��Q$!%&ก� CU7?M7กeP������JO�J# ;&ก'�;��� ���# "�!���#��$� � already ���$ � just �<���'� � yet �&�

� Shejs just gone. ��#�"�<���'���ก(� ( ��= ��"� � ก:��(��)

� HeYs already finished his homework. � �� ก �� "�U�g'���$ (�<����� �U�g'(;#" "���ก)

� ItYs just rained. s"�<���'��ก (�����;���ก�!��� <�!"�&���p�ก���#)

� IYve already drunk milk. t;���;";���$ (� ก�&�;����"!� ";���#���)

� YouYve just taken a bath. �B��<���'�� "!� ��� ('�� ��ก���$����)

� WeYve already eaten rice. <$ก�� ก�"� $���$ (�����&��"#"���#���)

� TheyYve just washed the car. <$ก� �<���'��� ��= (�=�&�(;#���������)

� Has she gone yet? ��#�"(������&�

� Has he already finished his homework? � �� ก �� "�U�g'���$��#(�;

� Have you drunk milk yet? ������;";�����&�

� Have we already eaten rice? <$ก�� ก�"� $���$��#(�;

� Have they washed the car yet? <$ก� �� ��=�����&�

3. � �ก?�$!%&ก� CU�71O@%*@WN"2 Q�&$J�� $# �ก�� !"�;���(��# �ก��#�<���$# �� ���$ ����(;#����� ��#"&!"���

� IYve read that book. t;�# "�"&�U����#;"&!"���$ (�# "�;���(��#(;#�ก ������$# �# "���$กg���$ก&")

� SheYs got your letter. ��#�"(���&'��; ���������$ (��&�' ก=�ก����;#�� (���!���=&��� ���&!�)

� HeYs gone to England. � (��&�ก)*���$ ((;#����; � � ��ก)

� ItYs never rained in this area. s"(;#����ก����"<�!"���"�!

� Have you (ever) been to England? ��� (���) (��&�ก)*(�;

� No, IYve never been to England. (;# t;(;#���(��&�ก)*���

� Have you ever seen the rain coming out on a sunny day? ��������g"s" ��ก; (�ก) �"$&"���;����'� (�;

� IYve cut my finger. t;�� ;�� �"�!$;�� (��U� �&�(;#� ������)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

have (Yve)

been v.ing

Have

I

been v.ing?

I

Have not (havenYt)

been v.ing

You we You

We you We

They they They

He has (Ys)

Has he He has not (hasnYt)

She she She

It it It

ก� � � � ���ก&����ก �������ก�� !"�"�������ก� �&��� �"�"ก ��#�(� _��U�������"�" ��� �$ ;�#��"����

���$� � ���ก&����ก �������<����U�g'U�!" _��;��$ ;�ก���$_��; = ��`''�&"

!"�#$!%& � ก��� ���(;#;��$ ;�#��"���� '�(;#��� Present Perfect Continuous ��#'���� Present Perfect ��"

���B " (Subject) + has, have + ก��� (Verb) ���; ing

Example

������������$# � Present perfect ก& present perfect continuous �<��������g"�$ ;��ก�# �

� HeYs worked in the garden since 8 oYclock. � �� � "�"U$"�&!���# 8 _;���� (� ''��� � � "&��<&ก� � ��#$# ����;�� �&!���# 8 _;�) HeYs been working in the garden since 8 oYclock. � �� � "�"U$"�&!���# 8 _;���� (�� �(;#����<&ก��� �&!���# 8 _;�������; �$# �&"; ก%)

� It has rained for three hours. s"�ก��̂"�$� 3 �&�$_;� (���_��"�!��̂"�B��;� (;#�"�") It has been raining for three hours. s"�ก��̂"�$� 3 �&�$_;� (���_��"�!t�����"�� ก�����g"y <$# s"�ก�(;# �U ��#��"����; '"&�"�!)

� A boy has played football since 3 oYclock. ��gก� ���#"r�����&!���# 3 _;� (��#"(� <&ก(�=� ��"����) A boy has been playing football since 3 oYclock. ��gก� ���#"r�����&!���# 3 _;� ($������#�"U" ;���� ��;��"(;#���'&ก��"g���"����)

� IYve read this book for two hours. t;�# "�"&�U����#;"�!U���&�$_;����$ (�# "(� ก�"ก �r(� �$�e��กg(�����"!� ) IYve been reading this book for two hours. t;�# "�"&�U����#;"�!U���&�$_;����$ (�# "��# �����$(;#$ �;��(��� ��# ����"��� �$# U"�ก'"$ �(;#��)

Past Simple Tense

�� �� ���

ก� � �

� ���ก&ก �ก���� ����ก�� !"���'��(����$ ;&ก'�;��� ���# "�!�� กT���# ��#" yesterday, last week, in 1997, when I was young, ago, the other day, in the past, this morning

� ���ก&ก �ก���� : ���ก�� !"��̂"���'� �"���� ��#�"�̀''�&""�!(;#(���ก������ก ���"&!"���$ � ���B "��ก�&$���ก��� �#��U����;��"ก&" (�$�" was ���ก&���B "��ก<'"�, were ���ก&

���B "<��<'"�) ���'� ��&กU� �&��� Tense "�!($�$# ��̂"ก ���# ������� $����ก�� !"�"���� ���กg'��(����$��$� (;#�ก���$���ก&�̀''�&"

!"�#$!%& � �"ก�����ก ���� Past Simple Tense �"ก ���# ������� $�# �% � ''�"� �� Past Perfect

Continuous Tense ; �#$��<����� �����g"= �U= "ก ����"��"&!"��$�

Example

1.���ก&ก �ก���� : ���ก�� !"���'��(����$�"���� : ��;&ก'�;��� �U�������$;���#��$��U;� ��#" yesterday, ago, in 1970, last week, during the war, last month, once upon a time, last year

� He arrived at four o'clock yesterday morning.

� ; = ���"��U����� $ ""�!

� I lived in Korat for three years.

t;���#_�� ���̂"�$� 3 �p (������#���"&�" 3 �p �̀''�&""�!;�(�����#���"&!")

� She went to the movies last night.

�;�����""�!��#�"(����"&�

���B " (Subject) + ก��� (Verb) �#����� 2

����ก ����� �����ก �������ก������#�ก&"�"���� =� ���U���'�<��= �����ก ������# "&!"_��(;#���U���'��U���$ ;�ก���$ <&"ก&"กg��� Tense "�!(������ ��#"

� She drove into the car-park, got out of the car, closed all the windows locked the doors,

and walked towards the cinema.

��#�"&(��&����'���= ��' ก�= ����"� �# ���ก " �U#ก���'����� ���$กg���"(��&�

_���"&�

2. ���ก&ก �ก���� : ���ก�� !"��^"���'� �"���� (�`''�&"(;#;�ก �ก���� "&!"���$) : ��;&ก'�;� �� �U������ ����� �U���$ ;#�������$ ;��̂"���'� �$;���#��$� ��#"

� He walked to school every day last year.

�pก� �"�!� ���"(�_������"��ก$&"

(�� �U���$ ;#�� = every day, �� �U������ = last year )

� He came to her place several times a week before he went to England.

� ; � "��#�"U&�� ������ ���&!�ก#�"���� '�(��&�ก)*

(�� �U���$ ;#�� = several times a week, �� �U������ = before he went to England)

� When I was young I used to get up early in the morning.

�;���t;�&���gก t;������"��#���

� While her husband was in the Army , she wrote to him twice a week.

�����U ;�����#�"���'� ก ����#�"ก���&< (ก) ��#�"������"'��; �= �� U&�� ��

�� 2 ��&!�

� In olden times men were more chivalrous than they are now.

U;&�ก#�"t��� �ก�� � �, U�y <���:���U&���ก$# U;&�"�!

(chivalrous = ����&ก*����<$ก�&q$�"U;&�_� �)

Past Continuous Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

was

+ v.ing

Was

I

+ v.ing?

I

was not

+ v.ing?

He he He

She she She

It it It

We

were Were

you We

were not You we You

They they They

ก� � � � ���_���� <&��;���;��#$��$� �U��$# ก� �&��ก������ก ������#�"���_�� � ���ก&����ก ��� 2 ��# �: ��ก� �&��� �"�"���#<���;% ก&"�"���� _��;&ก;� While, as ���� when

��^"�� �����; 2 ����ก ���"�!�� ��$�ก&" � �����#ก& Pas Simple Tense �<����U��$# ;�����ก ����" ��ก� �&��� �"�"���#�"�������$;���ก

����ก ����" �����ก�� ;

!"�#$!%& � ก ����������ก ���� Past Simple Tense ��� Past Continuous Tense ��$�

� Yesterday at 6 a.m., I ate breakfast. (�;���$ ""�!��" 06.00 ". e&"�&���� "� � ���� �U�g'���$

� Yesterday at 6 a.m., I was eating breakfast. (�;���$ ""�!��" 06.00 ". e&"ก� �&��&���� "� � ���� ���#)

���B " (Subject) + was, were + ก��� (Verb) ���; ing

Example 1.���(����� % �<�������ก �������$(���e< ��"ก������;��� �ก�#$��$� ก� ก&($��"���_�� ���

�ก$# ����ก ���"&!" % ก� �&��� �"�" ���#�"���������$� ���ก� �"�"&!" ��#" � He was writing all day yesterday.

� He was writing all afternoon yesterday.

� He was writing all evening long.

2.���ก&����ก ��� 2 ��# � : ��ก� �&��� �"�"���#<���; % ก&"�"���� (�� �����;���_��;&ก'�(���ก#

while) ��#" � While one of the two thieves was working on the safe, the other was keeping watch for

policemen.

�����_;��"�" ��(�"U���")ก� �&�'&�ก �ก&����:r���#"&!" ��ก�"�" ��กg(ก� �&�)������� �$'

� He was working in Bloomington while I was working in Bangkok.

� ก� �&��� � "���#�"�;�����;;���&" �"�����t;ก� �&��� � "���#�"ก�����<�

3.�����#ก& Past Simple �;�������ก ����" ��ก� �&��� �"�"���# (past continuous) กg;�����ก �����ก

��# ��" ���ก�� !" (past simple) ����ก ������ก� �&��� �"�"���#��� past continuous ����ก �������ก�� !"��;#��� past simple �� �����;���_��;&ก'�(���ก# when, as, while ��#"

� It was raining when I came home.

�;���t;ก�&� ""&!" s"ก� �&��ก���#

� While the man was looking at the picture, a thief stole his purse.

������ ��""&!"ก� �&������y <���# _;�(���&ก�� ก����� U� ������ (�

� As I was walking along the theatre, a car mounted the pavement and crashed into a shop.

�����t;ก� �&���"���#�"� _���"&� ;��=�&"�" ���p" !"(�"� ���� ���<&��� (��"�� " �

���� "�" ��

Past Perfect Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

Had (Yd)

V3

Had

I

+ V3?

I

had not (hadnYt)

V3

He he He

She she She

It it It

We you We

You we You

They they They

ก� � � � �;���;�����ก ��� 2 ��# � �ก�� !"�"�������#��ก(��$# ����ก ������ก��ก#�"�����&� _��

����ก �������ก�� !"ก#�"'���� Past Perfect �������ก �������ก�� !"����&�'���� Past Simple � ���ก&����ก �������ก�� !"�"���� : ��ก#�"�ก��ก� �"��$� '����'���" ��

!"�#$!%& � ก ���� Past Perfect "�! '�(��<��ก��&!��" ���;���(��ก�# $= ����_��� ����" U;;��� ����

���_���U���$ ;�� �=" ����"ก �"� �� ��t�����"; ��# (indirect speech) : ��'�(��ก�# $= �ก ���� tense "�!�"������"&!" %

���B " (Subject) + had + ก��� (Verb) �#����� 3

Example 1. ����;���;�����ก ��� 2 ��# ��"���� ��# ��" ���ก��ก#�"��ก��# ��" �� ����ก �������ก��ก#�"��� Past Perfect ����ก �������ก��y ���&���� Past Simple

� Anong had learned English before she went to England.

�"�������"y * �&�ก)*ก#�"(������q�&�ก)*

� When we got to the field, the football match had already started.

�;����� (�= �U" ;"&!" ก ��#�&"r����(������; !"���$

� I didn't go to the cinema because I had already seen the film.

t;(;#(����"&� �<� �t;���"&�������"&!"; ���$

� I had lost my pen and I was unable to do the exercises.

t;�� � กก � � t;' �(;#U ; �=�� �s�ก�&�(��

� He had unlocked the door, there was nothing to prevent you from going out.

� (ก���'�������ก���$ �&�"&!"' �(;#;���(�'�&�$ �(;#��������ก(�

2. ���ก&����ก �������ก�� !"ก#�"�$� �" ���"���� ��#" � Jane had never seen a lion until yesterday.

�'"(;#�����g"U��_����'"ก���&���;���$ ""�! (' �(����g")

� Soon the police arrived at the scene of the robbery. But they were too late. The thieves has

already gone.

�"(;#�� <$ก�� �$'กg(�= ����_'�ก��; ��#U ��ก�"(� <$ก_'�< ก&"(��U�����$

Past Perfect Continuous Tense

�� �� ���

�����

��������� Subject + had + been + V.-ing

� Q�#��1ก$�2� You had been driving for almost two hours.

He had been surfing the internet since this morning.

��������� Subject + had + not + been + V.-ing

� Q�#��9)$�: You had not been driving for almost two hours.

He had not been surfing the internet since this morning.

��������� Had + Subject + been + V.-ing?

� Q�#��;�<�" Had you been driving for a long time?

Had he been surfing the internet?

��������� Who/What/Where/When/Why/How + had + Subject + been + V.-ing?

� Q�#��;�<�" Wh-

How long had you been driving?

What had he been doing since this morning? *คําปฏิเสธรูปยอของ had not คือ hadn’t

ก� � � � ������ �ก& Past Perfect Tense �# �ก&"����$ ;�#��"����������ก ����<� � Past Perfect

Continuous Tense "&!" �"�"�$ ;�#��"����������ก �������ก�� !"; กก$#

���B " (Subject) + had + been + ก��� (Verb) ���; ing

Example

� Q�#��1ก$�2� � I had been waiting for the train for three hours before it arrived at the station.

e&"(��������=(r��^"�$� (�&!�) 3 �&�$_;� ("�) ก#�"���;&"'�; = �U= "� � Jim had been reading my book for thirty minutes before he returned it to me.

'�;(���� �"&�U��e&"(��# " (�&!�) 30 " �� ก#�"���� '���"e&" (�":�!�ก�&(;#(���# "ก#�") � They had been playing football for four hours when it started to rain.

<$ก� (����#"r���� (�&!�) 4 �&�$_;� ก#�"���s"����;�ก ($&""�!��#"(��" " �ก��(;#�ก�"�&�$_;�กg�ก���$)

� Q�#��9)$�: � I hadnbt been waiting for the train for three hours before it arrived at the station.

I had been waiting for five hours. e&"(;#(��������=(r��̂"�$� 3 �&�$_;� ("�) ก#�"���;&"'�; = �U= "� e&"���&!� 5 �&�$_;� (�# �� ก)

� When the police arrived, we had not been sleeping for five hours. We had been sleeping for one hour only. ��"����� �$'; = � <$ก�� (;#(��"�"��&(����$ �� �&�$_;� (���ก) �� "�"��&��#�&�$_;�����$ ��# "&!"

� Q�#��9)$�: � Had you been waiting for the train for three hours before it arrived at the station? ���(��������=(r��^"�$� (�&!�) 3 �&�$_;� ก#�"���;&"'�; = �U= "���#(�; Yes, I had. / No, I hadnYt. ��#���$ /(;#��#

� Had we been sleeping for five hours when the police arrived? <$ก�� (��"�"��&(����$ (�&!�) �� �&�$_;� ��"����� �$'; = ���#(�; Yes, we had. / No, we hadnYt. ��#���$ /(;#��#

Future Simple Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

will (Yll)

ก��� (;#t&"

Shall/ Will

I

ก��� (;#t&"?

I

Will not (wonYt)

ก��� (;#t&"

He

Will

he she it

He

She She

It It

We Shall/ Will

we We

You Will you they

You

They They

ก� � � � ���ก&����ก �������ก�� !"�"�" �� ;&ก;��� �ก�$� �����^"�" �����# � ����"ก �<��= �������� $���(;#;�ก� �"�ก �; ก#�" ��� �ก&ก ��U���$ ;�����g" �$ ;U;&��

�' �����U"��&$ ก ���� Future Simple Tense ;&ก���ก&ก��� ����ก���$ก&�$ ;�����g" (to think) � ����"ก �<�������� " �����ก ������'��ก�� !"�"�" �� ��� will ��� shall _��

ก ��U���" ��'���� will ก&���B "��ก�� ก ��U���$ ;�&!��''���� shall ก&���B "��ก��

� ���_������U���" �� (;#'� ��̂"������� will ���� shall �U;�(� : ��U ; �=���'�����ก��� Tense ���" ��"(�� ���

Present Simple ��#" She flys tomorrow. Present Continuous ��#" She is flying tomorrow.

���B " (Subject) + will, shall + ก��� (Verb) �#����� 1

Example

� Q�#��1ก$�2�

� I will go to school tomorrow. e&"'�(�_������"<��#�"�!

� You will eat papaya salad tonight. ���'�ก�"U�;�� ��""�!

� He will clean the car next week. � '��� ��=U&�� ���"�

� She will buy a bike next month. ��#�"'�:�!�'&ก�� "����"�"�

� It will snow next season. ��;�'��ก)��ก ��"�

� We will fly to London next Monday. �� '��"(���"��"$&"'&"����"�

� They will teach English next semester. <$ก� '�U�"y * �&�ก)*���;�"�

�� #��ก�" �� '�;�����(;#กg(�� �<� �����ก �����̂"�������" �����#���$ ��#"

� I will send this letter to Jane. e&"'�U#�'��; �(�� �'"

� I will call you when I arrive. e&"'�_��� ����;���e&"; = �

� Q�#��9)$�: ก �������"���_���ก��# ��̂"�T��UBกg�U"�# � ���; not �� (���&� will ��#"&!"���

� I will not go to school tomorrow. e&"'�(;#(�_������"<��#�"�!

� You wonbt eat papaya salad tonight. ���'�(;#ก�"U�;�� ��""�!

� He will not clean the car next week. � '�(;#�� ��=U&�� ���"�

� She wonbt buy a bike next month. ��#�"'�(;#:�!�'&ก�� "����"�"�

� It will not snow next season. ��;�'�(;#�ก)��ก ��"�

� We wonbt fly to London next Monday. �� '�(;#�"(���"��"$&"'&"����"�

� They will not teach English next semester. <$ก� '�(;#U�"y * �&�ก)*���;�"�

� Q�#��;�<�" ก �������"���_���ก��# ��̂"�� = ;กg���U������; ��� =� ;�ก��� �#$��"���_�� ������ก���

�#$� !"��"���_��(����� ก��� �#$��" Future Simple Tense ��� will

� Will I go to school tomorrow? e&"'�(�_������"<��#�"�!��#(�;

Yes, you will./ No, you wonYt. ��# / (;#��#

� Will you eat papaya salad tonight? ���'�ก�"U�;�� ��""�!��#(�;

Yes, I will. / No, I wont. ��# / (;#��#

� Will he not clean the car next week? � '�(;#�� ��=U&�� ���"� ��#(�;

Yes, he will. / No, he wont. ��# / (;#��#

� Will she not buy a bike next month? ��#�"'�(;#:�!�'&ก�� "����"�"� ��#(�;

Yes, she will. / No, she wont. ��# / (;#��#

� Wonbt it snow next season? ��;�'�(;#�ก)��ก ��"� ��#(�;

Yes, it will. / No, it wont. ��# / (;#��#

� Wonbt we fly to London next Monday? �� '�(;#�"(���"��"$&"'&"����"�

Yes, it will. / No, it wont. ��# / (;#��#

� Wonbt they teach English next semester? <$ก� '�(;#U�"y * �&�ก)*���;�"� ��#(�;

Yes, they will. / No, they wont. ��# / (;#��#

Future Continuous Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

will (Yll)

be V.ing

Will

I

be V.ing?

I

will not (wonYt)

be V.ing

He he He

She she She

It it It

We you We

You we You

They they They

ก� � � � ����;���ก�# $= �����ก ����" �����'��ก�� !"�"�" �� � �$� �" ��_��'�;��$� ก� ก&���# �<����"�"

$# ก �ก���� "&!"'������ก�� !"�"�$� "&!"% �"�" �� � ���ก&����ก ����" �� 2 ��# �����ก�� !"(;#<���;ก&" ก�# $��� �;�������ก ���������ก ����" ��

�ก�� !" ���'�;�t��� �����ก����ก ����ก�� !"_���&�_";&��������̂"����ก ������(��$ ��t"($����$

���B " (Subject) + will, shall + be + ก��� (Verb) ���; ing

Example 1.����;�������ก �'��ก$# � �$� ���$� �" ���"�" ��'�;�����ก �����(�ก� �&��� �"�"���#

ก ���� tense "�!' �����;� �� �ก�$� � '���" ���"�" ��ก� ก&���#��$��U;� �� �ก�$� "�!� '��^"ก��#;�� ����$��กg(�� ��#"

� At this time tomorrow I shall be flying over Hong Kong.

� �$� "�!�"$&"<��#�"�! t;(��)'�ก� �&���̂"���#��"���#��ก�

� He will be sleeping at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning.

� (��)'�ก� �&���&���# � �$� 7 " ��ก <��#�"�!���

� He'll be busy working when we call.

�;����� (�� � � ��ก� �&���#����#ก&� "

2. ���ก&����ก ����"�" �� : ��t��<���&�U�"�'�"#"�"���$$# '��� ��#""&!" (���_����#""�!����<��� future simple กg(�� ��#�$ ; �; �'��#�"��(�) ��#"

� I'll be working all day tomorrow.

<��#�"�!t;'��� � "�&!�$&" (=I'll work all day tomorrow)

� I'll be working all day tomorrow.

<��#�"�!t;'��� � "�&!�$&" (=I'll work all day tomorrow)

� The Browns will be staying with us again this year.

�p"�!<$ก�����&$� $"���'�; <&กก&�� ��ก

(=The Browns will stay with us again this year.)

� What will you be doing tomorrow?

<��#�"�!���'��� ��(� (=What will you do tomorrow?)

� The ship will be sailing tomorrow morning.

����'���ก���"� �<��#�"�!��� (=The ship will sail tomorrow morning.)

Future Perfect Tense

�� �� ���

�����

�ก��# �� = ; �T��UB

I

will (Yll)

have + V.3 by

4 oYcolck.

Will

I

Have + V.3 by

4 oYcolck?

I

will not (wonYt)

have + V.3 by

4 oYcolck.

He he He

She she She

It it It

We you We

You we You

They they They

ก� � � � ����;�������ก ���#�= ��$� U�!"U������ก ����" ���"�" �� � ������ �����ก �������ก �ก������ �$# '��ก�� !"���U�!"U��ก#�"�$� ���ก� �"�($��"�" ��

_���"���_��"&!"% '�;��� �ก�$� �"�" �� ��#" by the time ���� by + �$� ��^"��U&��ก� � ������ �����ก ������'��ก�� !"����U�g'U�!"���"�$� ���ก� �"��"�" ��: ����̂"ก ���� �

Uy <

���B " (Subject) + will, shall + have + ก��� (Verb) �#����� 3

Example

1. ����;�������ก �'��ก$# �;���= ��$� �" ���"�" ������ก �����# ��" ��(��'U�!"�� "�$� �" ���"�" ��" "�! =� ��̂" �� �ก�" �� "��;�����&� by ���� before ��#"

� by tomorrow ก#�"<��#�"�! (�;���= �<��#�"�!)

� by eight o'clock ก#�" 8 " ��ก (�;���= � 8 " ��ก )

� by next month ก#�"����"�"� (�;���= �����"�"� )

� before next year ก#�"�p�"�

� after two months ��&�' ก 2 ����"

=� ��̂" ���_���ก�" �� ���ก��� ��^" Present Simple ��#"

� They will have finished the work by next week. = �U&�� ���"� <$ก� กg��'��U�g'� ""&!"���$ (=�U�g'� ""&!"ก#�"U&�� ���"� )

� They will have finished the work when we arrive. �;����� (�= �<$ก� กg��'��U�g'� ""&!"���$ (= �U�g'� ""&!"ก#�"<$ก�� (�= �)

� All these roses will have died before Christmas. ก��� "�!��'�� �ก#�"= �$&"���U��; U

� She will have been in England be the end of March. �;���= �U�!"����";�" �;��#�"��'����#�"�&�ก)*�����������$ (=���#�"�&�ก)*ก#�"U�!"����";�" �;)

� It is now 8:30. I shall have finished my work by 2 p.m. ��"�!�$� 8.30 ". t;��'��U�g'� "ก#�"# � 2 _;� (= �;���= �# � 2 _;�"&!"t;��'��U�g'� "���$)

2. � '����U���$ ;� ����"����U�U&� ��#" � You will have heard, I expect, that Ladda is going to get married.

t;� �$# �����'��������� �; ���$$# �&�� '���#�� "

Future Perfect Continuous Tense

�� �� ���

�����

��������� Subject + will + have + been + V.-ing

� Q�#��1ก$�2� You Will/shall have been baking for one by hour 6 oYclock.

He Will/shall have been jogging for two hours by the time I wake up.

��������� Subject + will + not + have+ been + V.-ing

� Q�#��9)$�: You Will/shall not have been baking for one by hour 6 oYclock.

He Will/shall not have been jogging for two hours by the time I wake up.

��������� Will + Subject + have + been + V.-ing?

� Q�#��;�<�" Will/shall you been baking by 6 oYclock?

Will/shall he been jogging by the time I wake up?

��������� Who/What/Where/When/Why/How + will + Subject + have + been + V.-ing?

� Q�#��;�<�" Wh-

How long you have been baking by 6 oYclock?

What he have been jogging by the time I wake up?

ก� � � � ����;�������ก ���#�= ��$� U�!"U������ก ����" ���"�" �� � ������ �����ก �������ก �ก������ �$# '��ก�� !"���U�!"U��ก#�"�$� ���ก� �"�($��"�" ��

_���"���_��"&!"% '�;��� �ก�$� �"�" �� ��#" by the time ���� by + �$� ��^"��U&��ก� � ������ �����ก ������'��ก�� !"����U�g'U�!"���"�$� ���ก� �"��"�" ��: ����̂"ก ���� �

Uy <

���B " (Subject) + will, shall + have + been + ก��� (Verb) ���; ing

Example 1. �;�����ก �������$ U#$"; ก'�����$� �"�" ����$� ��#"

� I will have eaten breakfast at 8 oYclock tomorrow. e&"'�ก�"� $��� �����������$ �$� 8 " ��ก $&"<��#�"�! �; ��$ ;$# <��#�"�!�$� 8 " ��ก e&"'�ก�"� $�U�g'���$�������� =� '�:�!���(�; s กกg����; ก#�"�"� "�!"�

� Tomorrow morning, we will have finished our project. <��#�"�!��� <$ก�� '��� �"�"_���ก ���<$ก�� �U�g'���$ �; ��$ ;$# <��#�"�!��"��� _���ก ��� �� �"�"; ��^"����"'��U�g'U;���� <���;U#�;�

2. �;�U������ก ��� O� Timeline � Qก1� (����ก �������U�g'U;�������$��� Future Perfect ��ก����ก ����" ����� Present Simple)

� She will have gone when you arrive. ��#�"(��)'�(����$ �;������; = � �; ��$ ;$# �;������; = � ���กg'�(;#��g"��#�"���#"�����ก �<� �e�"&!"(;#����; ���ก

� I will have cleaned the floor when my mom gets home. e&"(��)'��� �$ ;U�� �<�!"�����������$ ��"����;#; = � �; ��$ ;$# �;����;#; = �� "<�!"กg'������;�#�����$ ���; �"�!

� Q�#��9)$�: � I wonbt have finished my project tomorrow morning.

e&"(��)'�(;#�� �"�"_���ก ���e&"�U�g' <��#�"�!��� (��$� �#��#$�# �"�)

� Q�#��;�<�" � Will you have finished your project tomorrow morning?

���(��)�� �"�"_���ก �������U�g' <��#�"�!��� ��#(�; Yes, I will. / No, I wonYt. ��# / (;#��#