tennessee spi objective: draw a conclusion that establishes a cause and effect relationship...
TRANSCRIPT
Tennessee SPI Objective:
Draw a conclusion that establishes a cause and effect relationship supported by evidence.
Notes Science
Essential QuestionWhat is the difference between a cause and thecorresponding effect, and what is the connectionbetween these two events in time?
SPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
Instructions for Students1) Make sure you view this presentation in slideshow mode.2) If you need help, please communicate with your teacher. 3) If needed, there are videos about how to do this on YouTube.
RCS Check for UnderstandingExamine famous scientific discoveries from historyto identify cause and effect relationships.
Cause and Effect
Notes ScienceSPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
This concept is called causation or causality
Elaboration
Relationship between two events where the first event is understood to be responsible for the second event.
If you do one specific action then another specific action will occur because of the first action.
The Cause: is the first action or event The Effect: is the resulting consequence
Example: “Knee-Jerk Reflex Test”
Cause: Doctor hits your knee with rubber hammer Effect: Your leg “jerks” upward and outward
Example:In first period a student has a headache and is sleepy. Thenight before they stayed up late watching a funny movieuntil 2:00 A.M.
Notes ScienceSPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
Identify the cause and effect in this situation
The Cause (first action)Staying up late until 2:00 A.M.
The Effect (resulting consequence)Headache and being sleepy in first period
Reminder:-The cause: is the first action or eventReminder: -The effect: is the resulting consequence
Match the following causes and effects on your paper(Just write the number with the letter next to it)
Causes Effects
(1) Driver presses the gas pedal (A) A chemical reaction occurs
(2) Two substances are combined (B) Student earns a 100 on a test
(3) Student studies for one hour (C) Car travels fast
Notes ScienceSPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
Match the following causes and effectsCauses Effects
(1) Driver presses the gas pedal (A) A chemical reaction occurs
(2) Two substances are combined (B) Student earns a 100 on a test
(3) Student studies for one hour (C) Car travels fast
Cause: (1) Driver presses the gas pedal
Effect: (A) A chemical reaction occursCause: (2) Two substances are combined
Effect: (C) Car travels fast
Cause: (3) Student studies for one hourEffect: (B) Student earns a 100 on a test
Notes ScienceSPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
Be Aware!correlation is not the same as causation
just because two events appear to be connected (correlated) does not mean that the 1st event actually caused the 2nd event
Example 01: From a 2007 study: British Journal of Psychology
A true correlation was revealed, but there was no causation.
boys with longer fingers scored higher on SAT math question
girls with longer fingers scored higher on SAT verbal questions
Earning a higher score (effect) is not caused by longer fingers.
It is merely a coincidence.
Be Aware!correlation is not the same as causation
just because two events appear to be connected (correlated) does not mean that the 1st event actually caused the 2nd event
Example 01: From a 2007 study: British Journal of Psychology
A true correlation was revealed, but there was no causation.
boys with longer fingers scored higher on SAT math question
girls with longer fingers scored higher on SAT verbal questions
Earning a higher score (effect) is not caused by longer fingers.
It is merely a coincidence.
Purpose: Learn what went wrong in order to avoid it in the future.Example: The Hindenburg explosion and crash (1937)
Cause and Effect Investigations
Cause: Leaking hydrogen gas ignited by static electricity
Effect: The Airship exploded. 36 of 97 passengers were killed
Video Link (1 min 29 sec): Hindenburg Explosion-1937
Purpose: To find out what went wrong, so we can fix it and avoid it in the future.
Cause and Effect Investigations Are Very Common
Example: Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion (1986)
Cause: (1) O-rings on the rocket booster failed allowing fuel to leak out resulting in a massive explosion.
Effect: This NASA spacecraft exploded shortly after liftoff. All seven crewmembers were killed.
Notes ScienceSPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
Most Famous Causes and Effect Investigation?Newspaper Date
April 16, 1912
Notes ScienceSPI 0807.Inq.4 Cause and Effect
Fact: 1912-Titanic was the largest ship in the world. April 10, 1912 she left England with 899 sailors and 2,208 passengers.
Notes SPI 0807.Inq.4: Cause and Effect
ScienceThe Sinking of the Titanic
Fact: Titanic was a luxury cruise ship with a swimming pool, 4 restaurants, 3 galleys, 2 libraries, a squash court, and a gym.
Notes SPI 0807.Inq.4: Cause and Effect
ScienceThe Sinking of the Titanic
Fact: Could accommodate over 3000 people, but they only had enough lifeboats to carry about 1178 people.
Fact: Constructed with 16 huge watertight compartments. Therefore the press called her "unsinkable."
Fact: April 15, 1912-hit an iceberg and sank. There were only 706 survivors. Over 1500 people died (68%).
Video Link: Titanic Sinking Animation
Effect: sinking to the bottom of the sea
Notes SPI 0807.Inq.4: Cause and Effect
ScienceThe Sinking of the Titanic
What exactly was the cause? With 16 watertight compartments, what caused the Titanic to sink?
The impact damaged five of the watertight compartments
The water flowed over the top of the watertight bulkheads