tendências em computação ubíqua e...

1Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

Tendências em Computação Ubíqua e Móvel

Rui Silva Moreira10/14/2009

Objectivos do Seminário

� Evolução dispositivos e tecnologias

� Comunicações sem fios

� Tipos de dispositivos móveis

� Sistemas móveis

� Estatísticas

Plataformas Móveis

� Linguagens e ferramentas

� Plataforma J2ME

� Plataforma .NET CF (HTC, etc.)

� Plataforma Python (Nokia S60 Module)

� Plataforma Carbide C++ (SymbianOS)

2

� Plataformas Móveis

� Sistemas operativos

� Plataformas de desenvolvimento

OS)

10/14/2009Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing

Caracterização das aplicações móveis

Evolução das plataformas e aplicações móveis

Características das plataformas móveis (CPU, RAM, IO)

Introdução Aplicações Móveis3

Características das plataformas móveis (CPU, RAM, IO)

Comunicações sem fios (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, Ird, etc.)

Plataformas de desenvolvimento de aplicações móveis


Computer evolution4

size

Trends:• Miniaturization• Computing power increase• Storage increase•Wireless communication

10/14/2009Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing time

Wireless devices history5

Decade Description/Main achievments

1970s Calculator with timer – schedule functions HP-45Programmable calculator + Removable card reader HP-65Primitive PDA (Calc, Clock, Alarm, Scheduler) – Casio CQ-1Basic modern PDAs (calc, DB, NotePads, etc.) – Toshiba LC-836, Canon, Sharp EL-8160

1980s PDA with char recognition – Casio PF-8000


1980s PDA with char recognition – Casio PF-8000Handheld computer (HHC 5th Generation) – Casio FX-78PDot matrix display (graphics) – Casio FX-7000GCalculator with IR – HP-18cNintendo game boy

1990s Standard GSM – mobile phonesSmart phones – IR, WLAN 802.11b, BT 1.0, UMTSSO - Win CE 1.0, Symbian (Ericson, Nokia, Motorola)Development – J2ME

2000s 1st Mobile phone with camera - SharpSO - Mobile Linux; Symbian OS v9Win Mobile 6.0

PDAs device types6

� 1st really true mobile devices

� Focus personal info (contacts, calendar/agenda)

� Easy interface (stylus-based/keyboard-based GUI)

� SOs (Palm OS, Win CE)


� SOs (Palm OS, Win CE)

� Trends:

�Wireless commun. (BT, WLAN, GSM / GPRS / UMTS)

� Improve input methods

Mobile Phones device types7

� First “true” wireless devices

� Focus on communication

� Limited keyboard-based GUI

� Closed APIs & Proprietary OS


� Trends:� Evolve towards PDAs

� Programming APIs (e.g., Java)

� Open OS (Symbian, Windows, Linux)

� Enhanced computing and communication capabilities (multimedia, data communication)

Further device types8

� Ultra portable laptops

� Tablet PCs


� Wearables

Future device types9


Markets

� Generic design for broad range of apps

� Mass market

� Specific application / function design

� Limited market

10

Horizontal Vertical

� Mass market

� Based many standards (e.g., J2ME, WAP, Bluetooth)

� SDKs available from device manufacturers

� Limited market

� May use special hw/swfor application (e.g., barcode scanner)

� SDKs usually only available to device developers


Mobile Phones join concepts

� Device moves aroundlocations

� Easy connection (e.g., IP-based) withoutwires

11

Mobile Wireless

� Can have mobile devices withoutwireless (gamePADs)

wires

� Can have WiFi withoutmobile devices(Desktop - AP)


Mobile Phones join concepts12

Mobile Nintendo


Local Wireless(IrDa, BT, WLAN)

Remote Wireless(GSM, GPRS, UMTS, EDGE)

MobilePhone

WiMAX WiFi

Wireless Comm Evolution - Initial13

� 1933: First police radios

� 1938: First Walkie Talkie

� 1946: Wireless Phone by AT&T� dynamic channel allocation (manually)

� frequency reuse by “cells”


� Cell handover still to complex to handle automatically

� 1948: Invention of the transistor

� 1959: Invention of the integrated circuit (IC)

� 1964: First system with automatic channels allocation, duplex, no automatic handover

� 1969: First cell based system by Bell with automatic handover (in a train)

Wireless Comm Evolution – 1G (analog)14

� 1978: USA AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)

� 1978: Switzerland: Natel A

� 1980: Europe: nine competing analog standards

� 1983: Switzerland: Natel B

� 1987: Switzerland: Natel C


� 1987: Switzerland: Natel C

� Based on analog modulation of radio carrier (no coding, no compression)

� Limited number of simultaneous calls due to limited frequency range

� Circuit switched

� In the beginning: No handover, no roaming

� Voice and (slow) data

Wireless Comm Evolution – 2G (digital)15

� Europe / Asia

� GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication): fully digital system (1987: Standard; 1990: First networks); TDMA

� America

� D-AMPS (Digital AMPS; 1990 first networks): Combined analog/digital system; TDMA


TDMA

� cdmaOne (CDMA; 1994: First networks): full digital system; CDMA

� Japan

� PDC (Personal Digital Cellular; 1993: First networks): TDMA

Wireless Comm Evolution – 2G (digital)16

� Digital coding and compression

� Techniques to increase simultaneous calls (time, frequency, andcode division)

� Circuit switched

Handover and international roaming


� Handover and international roaming

� Additional services beside voice

� Text service: SMS

� 1997: WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) forum created

� Data traffic in wireless telephony networks

� WML (Wireless Markup Language)

Wireless Comm Evolution – 2.5G17

� Packet based add-on to 2G networks

� GSM

� GPRS (uses free timeslots for data)

� EDGE (uses free timeslots for data, with more efficient modulation)

CDMA


� CDMA

� CDMA2000 1x-RTT (Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology)

� CDMA2000 air interface, also allows data transport

Wireless Comm Evolution – 3G18

� Europe: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telephone System) (W-CDMA)

� America, Japan, Korea: CDMA 2000 (Code Division Multiple Access)

� China: TD-SCDMA (Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)

Based on digital coding and compression


� Based on digital coding and compression

� Based on code division to increase nº simultaneous calls

� Circuit switched and packet data

� Handover and international roaming

� Many additional services beside voice

Evolution Mobile Subscriber19


Evolution Mobile Subscriber20


Mobile Devices/Systems21

� widely spread and accepted

� Mobile networks are established

� Several implemented Standards (GSM, UMTS, Bluetooth, IrDA, TCP/IP, HTTP, WAP, J2ME, OBEX, Sync ML, etc.)

� More and more business applications will use mobile


� More and more business applications will use mobile equipment

� Increase hw capabilities (miniaturization and communication speeds)

� However:

� the “killer application” in the consumer market still not found

� the device landscape is extremely heterogeneous

PC versus Mobile Devices22

PC/Laptop Mobile Devices

Network Bandwidth 1 - 1000 MBit/s 10 - 300 KBit/s

Network Latency 1 - 200 ms 50 - 2000 ms

Network quality Always on Interrupted

Power 2h - years 5h - 5 days


CPU 2000 - 6000 MIPS 50 - 500 MIPS

Screen 1 – 2 MPixels 20 – 100 KPixels

Input Keyboard & Mouse Limited Keyboard / Pen

Storage 20 – 500 GBytes 1-256 MBytes

Memory 256-1024 MBytes 1-32 MBytes

Limitations:� size & power limits will always be present – challenging for sw� Memory (RAM) & MIPS are reaching limit

Exemplos de projectos23


Projecto EcoPDA24

� Anotação de imagens captadas com a câmara dotelemóvel juntamente com o momento e localização

� Guarda informações, e.g., cor da folhagemdurante o verão e a data em que mudou a cor, ou


durante o verão e a data em que mudou a cor, ouquando as folhas caíram das árvores (pode usar-seem estudos ambientais);

� Aplicação pode apresentar automaticamente infoassociada ao local/objectos de interesse numa foto(URL)

Projecto EcoPDA25


Virtual Blood Bank Project26

� Os subscritores comunicam com o servidor através da aplicação de telemóvel especificando o tipo de sangue pretendido e a sua localização.


� O servidor efectua o matching entre o tipo de sangue e a localização com o perfil dos dadores e dos bancos de sangue, calcula uma resposta e envia-a via GPRS ao seu subscritor.

Virtual Blood Bank Project27


WikiCity: Real-TimeUrbanEnviroments28

� Plataforma de troca de informação sensível à localização e em tempo real;

� Acessível através de diversos meios:

� Interfaces Web,


� Interfaces Web,

� dispositivos móveis.

Real Time Rome29

� http://senseable.mit.edu/realtimerome/

� Explorar em tempo real info sobre os autocarros


info sobre os autocarros e a densidade de pessoas

Mobile Social Bookmarking30

� usar os telemóveis para:

� deixar notas virtuais de locais de interesse

� partilhar essa experiência com outros residentes.


GUIDE project31

� Guia da cidade baseado na localização

� Todas as notas incluem as suas coordenadas GPS

� Vantagens


� Vantagens

� Conteúdo gerado pelo utilizador

�Mais fácil de manter actualizado

� www.guide.lancs.ac.uk/overview.html

Situated Visualizations

� Computação móvel pode ajudar na análise e planeamento urbano

Aumentar o projecto de

32

� Aumentar o projecto de um local com informação 3D, através de algoritmos de reconhecimento de imagem


ARf

� Augmented Reality

Virtual Pet on the

iPhone

33


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0bitKDKdg0

Mobile OS

Mobile platform environments

Mobile Platforms34

Mobile platform environments


Introduction35

� Large number of different development platforms (each has its own capabilities, limitations, peculiarities, etc.)

� Deployment status of platforms around the world varies dramatically

Platforms come and go


� Platforms come and go

� Therefore, for a concrete application scenario, the target platform has to be selected carefully:� What are the application’s requirements?� Where will it be deployed (nationally, globally)?� How will the application evolve in the future?

Operating Systems36

� Symbian OS

� Fully fledged OS for mobile devices

� Strong support by Nokia, Ericson

� Mainly deployed in Europe

� Microsoft Windows Mobile

� The mobile variant of Windows

� Mostly present on PDAs


� Mostly present on PDAs

� Mobile Linux

� The aim to bring Linux to mobile devices

� Motorola has a strong commitment behind Linux

� Currently, many announcements, but few realizations

� Palm OS

� Still an important factor in the USA

� Android

� Goggle

Mobile Platforms Environments37

� Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)

� Brings Sun’s Java to the mobile domain; Almost globally deployed;

� BREW

� Created by Qualcomm for CDMA networks; Deployed mainly in the USA;

� Flash Lite


Flash Lite

� For simple creation of interactive multimedia applications; Mainly adopted in the Japanese market

� Python

� Similarly to J2ME, would allow for deployment wherever python is available; Not widely deployed yet

� Microbrowser-based

� Lightweight functionality, web interfaces; Based on WML (WAP 1.2) or XHTML (WAP 2.0)

Comparison38


J2ME39

� Need for a simple, standardized programming environment for small, mobile devices (PDAs, mobile phones, appliances, set-top boxes, etc.)

� Write once run everywhere (= the Java promise)

� Java Standard Edition (J2SE) would be a good candidate but is too heavy for devices with


but is too heavy for devices with� Limited memory (JVM only requires about ~35 MB)

� Small screen size (Swing/AWT designed for SVGA or better)

� Alternative input methods (Swing / AWT based on keyboard + mouse)

� Slow processors (JVM designed for desktop CPUs)

� Sun decided to build special edition of Java for small devices: J2ME

Symbian OS UI Frameworks40

� Avkon / S60 (Nokia); Qikon / UIQ (UIQ Technology, now Sony Ericsson); Both based on Uikon, the common UI framework

� Application Services:

� PIM services (Agenda, To-Do, Contacts); Messaging services (SMS, MMS, email)

� Content handling services (HTML); Internet and Web Application Support (HTTP)

� Data Synchronization Services (SyncML)


� Data Synchronization Services (SyncML)

� Multimedia & Graphics

� Audio, video, speech recognition API, camera API, accelerated 2D and 3D (OpenGL ES)

� Communication:

� Socket server and client-side APIs for various protocols

� Short link: Bluetooth, IrDA

� Networking: TCP/IP, dial-up (PPP); TLS / SSL

� Telephony: Provides access to telephony features. Support for GSM / GPRS / EDGE; CDMA IS-95 / CDMA2000; UMTS

Symbian OS UI Frameworks41

� Main Source: http://developer.symbian.com

� Plugins for many IDEs (e.g., Eclipse, Xcode)

� Specific IDEs (e.g., VistaMax)

� Nokia’s Carbide tools


� Eclipse plugins (alternatively for Visual Studio too)

� Provide emulator

� Windows only and focus on S60

� There is also Carbide.j, Nokias developer tools for J2ME

Windows Mobile42

� Windows Mobile is Microsoft’s key technology to enter the mobile market

� Similarly (dedicated OS) to Symbian OS

� However, many things are borrowed from Windows:

Re-use of existing application code


� Re-use of existing application code

� Large developer base familiar with Microsoft APIs and

development tools

� So far, mostly deployed on PDAs

Windows Mobile Generations

� Windows CE 1.0

� Fall 1996 Handheld PC

� Windows CE 2.0

� Fall 1997 Handheld PC 2.0

� Spring 1998 Palm-size PC 1.0

Windows CE 2.11

43

� Windows CE 2.11

� Fall 1998 Handheld PC 3.0

� Spring 1998 Palm-size PC 2.0

� Windows CE 3.0

� Spring 2000 Pocket PC 2000

� Summer 2000 Handheld PC 2000

� Spring 2002 Pocket PC 2002


Conclusion44

� There are several options for selecting a mobile development platform

� Currently, there is no dominant operating system, nor are there portable native APIs across different systems

� Thus, if we do not depend on native code, a platform like


� Thus, if we do not depend on native code, a platform like J2ME is well suited:

� – Standardized and mature

� – Well deployed

� – Relatively good portability (by now)

� – Relatively short development cycles

� – Runs inside managed environment (security!)

tendências em computação ubíqua e...

Documents