temperature and humidity individual controll hvac system with … · 2014. 11. 24. · introduction...

1

Tadafumi Nishimura

[email protected]

DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Osaka, Japan

November. 11, 2014

Annex 40 Workshop

Tadafumi Nishimura

[email protected]

DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Osaka, Japan

November. 11, 2014

Annex 40 Workshop

Temperature and Humidity Individual Controll

HVAC System

with the New Desiccant Device – DESICA-

Temperature and Humidity Individual Controll

HVAC System

with the New Desiccant Device – DESICA-

2

The effectiveness of

the Temperature and Humidity Individual

Control (THIC) HVAC System Using VRF

and Heat Pump Desiccant

3

ContentsContents

1. Back Ground

2. Introduction of the New HVAC System

3. VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load

4. High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant System

5. The Demonstration Test

6. Evaluation of the Whole Year Operation

7. Case Study

8. Conclusions

1. Back Ground

2. Introduction of the New HVAC System

3. VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load

4. High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant System

5. The Demonstration Test

6. Evaluation of the Whole Year Operation

7. Case Study

8. Conclusions

44

Distribution of Green House Gas Emission by Sector

About

66%

increase

Back GroundBack Ground

• GHG emission in commercial section has increased roughly 66%

12%

GHG emission in commercial buildings increased by 66% in last two decades in JapanGHG emission in commercial buildings increased by 66% in last two decades in Japan

55


There are two types of approaches for ZEB.There are two types of approaches for ZEB.

� Passive methodConsumes really small (sometimes zero) energy.

Necessary to built the tip top high quality buildings.

� Active methodConsumes some amount of energy.Can be installed in various conditions/sites.Requires less designing work in installations.




66


There are two types of approaches for ZEB.There are two types of approaches for ZEB.







7

Required Energy Conservation for Air Conditioning to Achieve ZEB

To achieve ZEB, the energy consumption required for the air conditioning should be reduced by 72%.To achieve ZEB, the energy consumption required for the air conditioning should be reduced by 72%.


61％％％％

７２％７２％７２％７２％

５５５５F３３３３F

Annual Electricity

production of PV ZEB

Reference

31%

29%

23%

3%

8%6%

22%

18%37%

8%10%

4%

8

Area Nihonbashi, Tokyo

Floor Space About 3000m2

Story 8F

Usage office

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Load factor (%)

accumlated operating hours (Hr)

Cooling

Heating

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Load factor (%)

Integrated　

Capacity（

kWh）

Cooling

Heating


Annual distribution of the partial air-conditioning load required

Most of the air-conditioning load occurs in less than 50% of the peek load

Most of the air-conditioning load occurs in less than 50% of the peek load

9

Introduction of the New HVAC SystemIntroduction of the New HVAC System

THIC can achieve higher performance in each of the sensible or latent heat treatment

THIC can achieve higher performance in each of the sensible or latent heat treatment

Higher sensible heat capacity

Multiple split air-conditioning system

“ Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) ”

Temperature control

（（（（Higher evaporating temperature））））

Humidity control

（（（（Use Humidity sensor））））

Highly Effective Compact Desiccant Unit

“Heat Pump Desiccant（（（（HPD)”

• For temperature, performance improvement was easily achieved by raising

evaporating temperature.

• For humidity, we focused on desiccant technology to achieve high performance.

Refrigerant Pipe

10

VRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat LoadVRF Technology Specializing for the Sensible Heat Load

In partial load operations, the performance of VRF can be improved drastically by the adoption of

low temperature/pressure difference operations

In partial load operations, the performance of VRF can be improved drastically by the adoption of

low temperature/pressure difference operations

0.5

1

1.5

2

200 250 300 350 400 450

Enthalpy（kJ/kg)

Pressure(MPa)

C onventional VRF

Sensible C apacity Enhansed VRF

Raise the Evaporative

Tem perature

Low er the C ondensation

Tem perature

C ooling C apacity

Energy

C onsum ption

11


By raising the evaporative temperature, the efficiency of VRF is improved but dehumidification capacity becomes low.By raising the evaporative temperature, the efficiency of VRF is improved but dehumidification capacity becomes low.

100%

108%

116%

124%

132%

140%

148%

156%

164%

172%

180%

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

蒸発温度（℃）

効率比（％）

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

潜熱比，能力比

En

ergy

Eff

icie

ncy

Rati

o (

%)

(CO

P u

nd

er E

vap

ora

tive T

em

peratu

e

of

Each

Con

dit

ion

/ o

f 6 d

gree

C)

Evaporative Temperature(℃℃℃℃)

Late

nt

Heat

Facto

r(L

ate

nt

Heat

/ T

ota

l H

eat)

,

Cap

aci

ty R

ati

o(M

axim

um

Cap

aci

ty U

nd

er

Evap

orati

ve t

em

pera

ture

of

Each

Con

dit

ion

/ o

f 6 d

egre

e C

)

効率比

潜熱比

能力比

Energy Efficiency Ratio

Latent Heat Factor

Capacity Ratio

12


The development of new compressor prevent the drop of the compressor efficiency in the low load operations.The development of new compressor prevent the drop of the compressor efficiency in the low load operations.

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

C om pressing Ratio

Efficiency of Compressor (%)

C onventional C om pressore

13


The development of new compressor prevent the drop of the compressor efficiency in the low load operations.The development of new compressor prevent the drop of the compressor efficiency in the low load operations.

40%

45%

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

C om pressing Ratio

Efficiency of Compressor (%)

C onventional C om pressore

New C om pressor

14


Calculated performance behavior in accordance with the ambient temperature and load factor.Calculated performance behavior in accordance with the ambient temperature and load factor.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Load Factor (Required Load / M axim um C apacity)

Efficiency Ratio (%)

(COP under each condition / COP

under rated condition)

THIC with 25℃ outer air



C onventional with 25℃ outer air



15


Measured performance is much higher than the conventional VRF in partial load operation as calculated.Measured performance is much higher than the conventional VRF in partial load operation as calculated.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Load Factor (Required Load / M axim um C apacity)

Efficiency Ratio (%)

(COP under each condition / COP

under rated condition)







THIC with 20℃ outer air m easured




1616

High Performance Heat Pump Desiccant systemHigh Performance Heat Pump Desiccant system

Outdoor Air at Point 1=> Dehumidified by Adsorption rotor (Point 2)=> Cooled by Sensible heat recovery rotor and=> Supplied to Indoor (Point 3)

Exhaust

to outdoor

7

Supply

to Indoor

3

Outdoor

Air

1

Indoor

Air

4

Electric Heater

Adsorption

rotor

Sensible heat

recovery rotor

2

5 6

Conventional Desiccant Dehumidifier with Two Rotors

The desorption heat required in the conventional desiccant system have to be provided on the air before the adsorption rotor and it makes the temperature very high.

The desorption heat required in the conventional desiccant system have to be provided on the air before the adsorption rotor and it makes the temperature very high.

1717

Heated Coil

Adsorption rotor

Hybrid desiccant Element(HDE)

HDE FIN Normal Cross-fin

New Type of Heat Exchanger Combined with Adsorbent


The new device with the adsorbent coating on the surface of the heat exchanger enabled

the direct cooling and heating of adsorbent.

The new device with the adsorbent coating on the surface of the heat exchanger enabled

the direct cooling and heating of adsorbent.

18

＜＜＜＜Dehumidification＞＞＞＞

Every each interval

4way valve（（（（refrigerant）、）、）、）、Damper（（（（air））））

HBD

Element

HBD

Element

Exhaust Air

Supply Air

Outdoor Air

Indoor Air

Exhaust Air

Supply Air

Outdoor Air

Indoor Air

Humidity of the outdoor air is adsorbed

The humidified air is exhausted to outdoor

Humidity of the outdoor air is adsorbed

The humidified air is exhausted to outdoor


1919


Supply Fan

Exhaust Fan

ELECTRIC

COMPONENT BOX

DamperHDE

Temperature-humidity

sensor

Structure of HPD

The HP desiccant is realized with2.5 times higher performance and 1/3 of compactness.

The HP desiccant is realized with2.5 times higher performance and 1/3 of compactness.

20

The Demonstration TestThe Demonstration Test

The demonstration test was conducted in the office space in Nagoya universityThe demonstration test was conducted in the office space in Nagoya university

226.9㎡Occupant:22

Indoor unit ×3HP Desiccant×2

THIC system Conventional system

Indoor unit ×4Humidifiable HRV ×2

151.2㎡Occupant:12

21


Room air condition in Summer (Set temperature is 28 deg C).Conventional System can’t dehumidify the room enough. Room air condition in Summer (Set temperature is 28 deg C).Conventional System can’t dehumidify the room enough.

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35

Tem perature（℃）

Absolute Humidity （g/kg）

Inner Air C ondition

Am bient Air C ondition

40％

100％ 70％

60％

50％

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35





40％

100％ 70％

60％

50％

THIC SystemTHIC System Conventional SystemConventional System

22


Room air condition in Summer (Set temperature is 26 deg C).Conventional System over-dehumidify the room. Room air condition in Summer (Set temperature is 26 deg C).Conventional System over-dehumidify the room.

THIC SystemTHIC System Conventional SystemConventional System

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35





40％

100％ 70％

60％

50％

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35





40％

100％ 70％

60％

50％

23


The result of questionnaire shows that

the THIC system can provide more comfortable

inner air conditions.

The result of questionnaire shows that

the THIC system can provide more comfortable

inner air conditions.

W arm -C old Sense

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

THIC

System

C onventional

System

Answer Ratio

C old

M edium

Hot

C om fortability

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

THIC

System

C onventional

System

Answer Ratio

C om fort

D iscom fort

24


The energy consumption of summer wasreduced by almost half.

The energy consumption of summer wasreduced by almost half.

Set temperature was 28 deg CSet temperature was 28 deg C


0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

THIC

System

C onventional

System

Average Daily Energy C onsum ption（ｋW h/m 2・day)

V entilation Fan

H P Desiccant Com pressor

V entilation Standby Power

R equirem ent

Inner U nit of VR F

O uter U nit of VR F

V R F Standby Pow er

R equirem ent

-46.5%-46.5%-46.5%-46.5%

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25

THIC

System

C onventional

System

Average Dayly Energy C onsum ption（ｋW h/m 2・day)

Ventilation Fan

HP Desiccant Com pressor

Ventilation Standby Pow er

Requirem ent

Inner Unit of VR F

O uter Unit of VRF

VR F Standby Power

Requirem ent

-47.4%-47.4%-47.4%-47.4%

25


The energy consumption of winter wasreduced by almost 30%.

The energy consumption of winter wasreduced by almost 30%.


0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40

THIC

System

C onventional

System

Average Daily Energy C onsum ption（kW hu/m 2・day)

Ventilation Fan

HP Desiccant

C om pressor

Ventilation Standby

Power Requirem ent

Inner Unit of VRF

O uter Unit of VRF

VRF Standby Power

Requirem ent

-26.4%-26.4%-26.4%-26.4%

26

Evaluation of the Whole Year OperationEvaluation of the Whole Year Operation

In case that the THIC system is installed in the high quality buildings, total amount of the energy consumption throutha year will be reduced by more than 70%.

In case that the THIC system is installed in the high quality buildings, total amount of the energy consumption throutha year will be reduced by more than 70%.

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

C onventional

System

THIC

System

Energy Consumption [kWh/year]

S tandby Power

Requirem ent

HRV

HP Desiccant

VRF Indoor Unit

VRF O uter Unit

-74%-74%-74%-74%

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

M onth

Energy Consumption

[kWh/month]

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

M onth

Energy Consumption

[kWh/Month]

Conventional System

THIC System

27

Required Energy Conservation for Air Conditioning to Achieve ZEB

To achieve ZEB, the energy consumption required for the air conditioning should be reduced by 72%.To achieve ZEB, the energy consumption required for the air conditioning should be reduced by 72%.


61％％％％

７２％７２％７２％７２％

５５５５F３３３３F

Annual Electricity

production of PV ZEB

Reference

31%

29%

23%

3%

8%6%

22%

18%37%

8%10%

4%

28

Case StudyCase Study

The new HVAC system also shows that the energy consumption for air conditioning can be reduced down to 5.24kWh/m2annual ⇒can fulfill the condition to achieve ZEB.

The new HVAC system also shows that the energy consumption for air conditioning can be reduced down to 5.24kWh/m2annual ⇒can fulfill the condition to achieve ZEB.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

照明使用率

照明使用率

照明使用率

照明使用率

%

Typical Floor PlanTypical Floor Plan A-A’ Section DrawingA-A’ Section Drawing

Schedule of Liting and the Men inSchedule of Liting and the Men in

The High Quality Building’s Case StudyThe High Quality Building’s Case Study

VRF Engy

Consmpt

4581kWh

HP Desiccant

Engy Consmpt

4104kWh

Air Conditioned

Area

1658.8m2

Energy

Consumption /

Area

5.24

kWh/m2

ResultResult

・Ventilation Air is Controlled in Accordance with Room’s CO2 Density

・Air Conditioning only operates in summer and winter.

・Ventilation Air is Controlled in Accordance with Room’s CO2 Density

・Air Conditioning only operates in summer and winter.

A A’

29

ConclusionConclusion

This newly developed THIC system was demonstrated and showed its potential to …

– maintain (or improve) indoor comfort

– reduce the energy consumption drastically.

I believe that this THIC system will become one of the key technologies

to achieve Zero Energy Buildings in the near future.

This newly developed THIC system was demonstrated and showed its potential to …

– maintain (or improve) indoor comfort

– reduce the energy consumption drastically.

I believe that this THIC system will become one of the key technologies

to achieve Zero Energy Buildings in the near future.

30

Thank you very much for your attention.Thank you very much for your attention.

temperature and humidity individual controll hvac system with … · 2014. 11. 24. · introduction...

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