television
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Television. Communications 233. Economics. Advertising Local, national spot, national network Taxes (reception fees) Government support Subscription Decoder costs. Categorical. VHF vs. UHF Public vs. private Network affiliate vs. independent Cable vs. terrestrial Direct vs. cable. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Television
Communications 233
Economics
Advertising Local, national spot, national network
Taxes (reception fees)Government supportSubscriptionDecoder costs
Categorical
VHF vs. UHFPublic vs. privateNetwork affiliate vs. independentCable vs. terrestrialDirect vs. cable
Broadcast transmission
MicrowaveSatellitesWire transmission (cable)Fiber opticsDirect Broadcast SatellitesMultichannel Distribution Service Low-power TV
Local vs. national
American broadcasting began as local radio stations
Later pulled together to form networks
Evolved into television networks
Network affiliation
Local stations are generally affiliated with networks
IndependentsOwned and Operated (O&O’s)
Network affiliation
Produces content for local stations, who then get:
network advertising revenuenational spot advertising revenue local advertising revenue
Ownership of networks
NBC -- General ElectricCBS -- WestinghouseABC -- DisneyFox -- Rupert Murdoch of News Corp.WB -- Time WarnerUPN -- Viacom (Paramount) and
Chris Craft/United
Ownership patterns
Group ownershipIndependently owned stationsMultiple system operators (cable)Public TV stations
Program development
Production companiesSyndication
Off-network programs First-run syndication Barter syndication
Ratings
Households Using TV (HUT)Rating (% of all households)Share (% of HUT)
Impact of TV on other media
Newspapers Loss of evening papers Loss of national advertising Move toward visual design Move toward interpretive reporting
Impact of TV on other media
Movies Demassification Impact of TV and VCR on titles
Impact of TV on other media
Recordings Focus on music in terms how how it will
show on MTV and similar channelsRadio
Demassification
Impact of TV on other media
Magazines Loss of national, undifferentiated
advertising Forced specialization
Impact of TV on other media
Books Change in use of discretionary time
from reading to watching Book manuscript as a screenplay and
ultimately TV fare Selection of authors in terms of their TV
personalities
Legal environment of broadcasting
Federal Communications Commission
Ownership of the airwavesContent changes over time
On the TV horizon
Digital television (high definition)Growth in direct broadcast satellitesExpanded pay-per-viewFragmenting audiencesInternet delivery
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TV-viewing choices by decade
1960s1970s1980s1990s2000s2010s
Web site for digital TV
http://www.pbs.org/opb/crashcourse/http://www.digitaltelevision.com/http://www.howstuffworks.com/dtv.h
tm