teknik permesinan kapal ii
DESCRIPTION
TEKNIK PERMESINAN KAPAL II. ME091313 ( 4 SKS) Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan ITS Surabaya. Ship Design. EFFECTIVE it must meet the owner's needs as laid down in the ship requirements. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TEKNIK PERMESINAN KAPAL II
ME091313 ( 4 SKS)
Jurusan Teknik Sistem Perkapalan
ITS Surabaya
Ship Design
EFFECTIVEit must meet the owner's needs as laid down in the ship requirements. (Capacity and size; Cargo handling; Influence of nature of goods carried; Speed; Maneuverability; Machinery etc.)
EFFICIENTIt must carry out its functions reliably and economically.(Economy; Availability)
SAFE It must be able to operate under the expected conditions without incident and to survive more extreme conditions and accidents within an agreed level of risk.
The Design Process FEASIBILITY STUDIES
The aim at the feasibility stage is to confirm that a design to meet the requirements is possible with the existing technology and to a size and cost likely to be acceptable to the owner.
CONTRACT DESIGNOnce the owner has agreed to the general size and character of the ship more detailed designing can go on. The contract design, as its name implies, is produced to a level that it can be used to order the ship from a shipbuilder, or for a contract price to be quoted. At this stage all major features of the ship will be fixed.
FULL DESIGN
The detailing of the design can now proceed leading to the drawings, which are needed by the production department to build the ship.
CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING THE MAIN ENGINE
Required horsepowerWeightSpaceCapital costRunning costsThe ship’s requirement for electrical power and heatReliability and maintainabilityThe ship’s requirement for maneuvering ability and/or for slow-speed operationEase of installationVibrationNoise and other signaturesAvailability
Required Horsepower
VsVs
RT
T : Thrust(Gaya Dorong)
THP DHP SHP BHP
EHP
EHP : Effective Horse Power
THP : Thrust Horse Power
DHP : Delivered Horse Power
SHP : Shaft Horse Power
BHP : Brake Horse Power
EHP : the power we would have to use to tow the ship without propulsive system
THP : the power produced by the propeller’s thrust
Required Horsepower
VsVs
RT
DHPTHP BHPSHP
EHP
Gs
PC
G = SHP / BHPGear Efficiency
s = DHP / SHPShaft Efficiency
PC = EHP / DHPPropulsive Coefficient
EHP = Vs x RT
EHP : kWVs : m/sRT : kN
THP = VA x T
= H x O x R
Required Horsepower Type of propulsion Number of propulsion
Weight & SpaceAs far as the main engines are concerned space and weight generally go together, but if a trade-off between weight and space is possible, then ships designed on a deadweight basis should be fitted with the lighter machinery, even if this takes more space, whilst those designed on a volume basis should be fitted with the less bulky machinery even if this is heavier.
In the design of warships, planning craft and catamarans, the need for a high speed from a relatively small ship makes the power/weight ratio a matter of vital importance.
On warships space, like weight, is at a premium and the power/volume ratio is very important.
Capital and Running Cost The cost of the main engine and the systems The most important item of running costs is
the annual fuel bill
Two fundamentally different ways of minimizing expenditure on fuel:(i) by fitting as fuel efficient an engine as possible even if this requires a relatively expensive fuel; or(ii) by the use of machinery which can burn a cheap fuel even if its specific consumption is comparatively high
The ship’s requirement for electrical power and heat
Because the main engine will generally be able to burn a cheaper fuel than is required by the generators, the use of the main engine(s) to provide electrical energy and/or heat for engine auxiliary plant and hotel services via shaft driven alternator(s) and exhaust gas boiler(s) respectively can have an important influence on running costs.
Diesel Engine Gas Turbine Steam Turbine
ALTERNATIVE MAIN ENGINE TYPES
Diesel Engine
Low Speed
60 – 150
Medium Speed
450 – 800
High Speed
1000 - 3000
Ex. 7000 kW
100 rpm
31 7 tonnes
285 m3
7650 kW
520 rpm
153 tonnes
191 m3
7000 kW
1300 rpm
21 tonnes
40 m3
Power
Up to
97,300 kW
1080MC B&W
23,450 kW
18 V PC 4.2
Pielstick
8,200 kW
V20 M.T.U
SFOC
g/kWh
174 down to 156 200 down to 167 250 down to 187
Low-speed diesel machinery arrangement
Medium-speed diesel machinery arrangement
COGOG CODOG CODAG CODAG