teigland, di gangi, yetis - open innovation conference
DESCRIPTION
Our presentation for the Open Innovation Conference at Imperial College in London in June 2012: http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/research/innovationandentrepreneurship/events/openinnovationconferenceTRANSCRIPT
Setting the Stage:
Exploring the Sustainability of a
Private-collective Community
Robin Teigland, [email protected]
Stockholm School of Economics
Paul M. Di Gangi, [email protected]
Loyola University Maryland
Zeynep [email protected]
Stockholm School of Economics
Imperial CollegeJune 2012
Private
Collectivevs
Profit-based rational interests seek returns
from private goods with minimum effort,
i.e., free-riding on efforts of others. Tension
point
Collective interests expect
valuable time, effort, knowledge freely
available and contributed to community.
Private-collective community: The best of both worlds?
A network comprising individuals, organizations, and
interested parties contributing resources to accomplish a
personal and shared goal(Adapted from von Hippel & Von Krogh, 2003)
Research Questions
RQ1: Who are the
stakeholders of a private-
collective community and
what resources do they
contribute to the
community?
RQ2: What characterizes
the structure among the
different stakeholders of
a private-collective
community?
Theoretical lens: Stakeholder perspective (e.g., Freeman 1984)
using resource dependence theory (Pfeffer & Salancik 1978)
Research Methodology
Text Analysis and SNA • Developer mailing list
• Ohloh commit list
• OpenSimulator wiki
• SNS, blogs, homepages, etc.
• Twenty-one interviews
RQ1a: Who are the stakeholders?
14%
47%
18%
14%
2%
5%Academic
Entrepreneur
Hobbyist
Large firm
Other
SME
% of messages on
Developer Mailing
List (2007-2011)
emp
emp
Academics Entrepreneur Hobbyist Large Firm SME
Infrastructure
development
Applied
development Testing
Data
processing
Installation &
use
inventory state debug availabletype portability
user join osg processing openid
really obscures saving file metadata
servers night succeeded worlds asset
think pages osgrid users userserver
server scene shape mathematics inventoryserver
millions region guest center regionserver
region believe functions tree script
addresses physics guests wrote goods
different prerouting grid next class
inventoryserver core value approach executed
modules currency build computer assets
grid incoming sims rest assetbase
agent revision project attachments inform
service opencurrency allow asset cable
Academics Entrepreneur Hobbyist Large Firm SME
Application &
use
Application &
monetization
Installation &
use
Technical
infrastructure
Technical
development
hg we bulletsim updates admin
wifi state wiki sciencesim item
master established pm trust megaregions
info join documents testclient prims
scholar never bots queue viewer
robust night part adaptive megarion
timeout pages testclient voice trees
regionstore scene next dsg add
freeswitch region kins pronounced linkedin
university believe wise bots scalable
version obsolete outfit viewer names
line physics documentation simian inventory
connector core authority appearance root
lgpl modules install packet robot
migration currency users retransmit Sequence
Non-profit, Local Public, Federal Public, Research Institutes ommitted for presentation purposes
Period One (2007-2009) Period Two (2009-2011)
RQ1b: What resources do stakeholders contribute?
Entrepreneurs focus on real world applications, ensure
development activities are relevant to diverse members, and are
essential for coordinating members and managing conflict.
Academic
Entrepreneur
Hobbyist
Large Firm
Non-profit
Local Public
Federal Public
Research Inst
SME
Periphery
Teigland, Di Gangi, & Yetis 2012
RQ2a: What characterizes the community structure?
Teigland, Di Gangi, & Yetis 2012
RQ2b: What characterizes the community structure?
Network measures – Period two
Collapsed node structure -
Period two
Who remains active?
Influencers: Strategically influential
individuals (high eigenvector) who
bridge disparate groups (high structural
holes)
Who becomes inactive?
Middlemen: Those with high number of
ties (high degree) who bridge disparate
groups(high structural holes)
Identified New Concept: “Open Entrepreneurship”
Conclusions and Implications
• Fine-grained analysis reveals that PCCs are complex
social networks that mix a set of highly diverse
stakeholder groups with each group contributing different
resources to the community.
• As a PCC goes through different maturity phases, the
specific roles played by the different stakeholders
change as the community requires access to different
resources.
• Entrepreneurs are the driving force in the community
and as a result are the stakeholder group with the most
power, but their power is kept in check by
interdependencies with the other stakeholder groups
both in the core and in the periphery of the community.
“Open Entrepreneurship”
Entrepreneurs openly engaging in social capital building
activities through free revealing of intellectual property and
contribution of other resources with purpose of pursuing self
business-related interests while contributing to pursuit of
mutual goal.
Future Research:
What are the resources and capabilities necessary to
sustain a private-collective community over time?
How do private-collective
communities (PCC)
sustain themselves despite
the divergent interests
within the community?
* Who are the stakeholders of a
PCC and what resources do they
contribute to the community?
* What characterizes the structure
among the different stakeholders of
a PCC?
Theory: Resource Dependence
Study 1
* How do entrepreneurs contribute to
the building of social capital within
an PCC?
* How do PPCs contribute to the
building of an entrepreneur’s social
capital?
Theory: Social Capital
• What are the resources and
capabilities necessary for a PCC
to sustain itself?
Theory: Dynamic Capabilities
Our Research Strategy
Study 3