- 2006 1

...

: ... ... ,

. , ... , ... , ..

1.

.

(Programmable Logic Controller-PLC)

SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition),

Siemens. PLC SCADA

, Ethernet, TCP.

PLC ,

, (buttons),

. PLC -

,

- 2006 2

, ,

. PLC -

.

PLC, (, ), -

, 020 mA,

(optical encoder).

SCADA ,

.

,

(

) , ,

( ,

, ..).

2.

2.1.

-

, ,

.

2.2.

... DC , -

:

DC ,

. , -

, , -

, DC ,

, , .

- 2006 3

2.3.

, ( -

) . , -

, .

PLC ,

, PLC. ,

(K1_Right, K1_Left) -

(, ) ,

. -

(fuse),

(thermal switch)

( ) .

1:

- 2006 4

, , -

10, 20,

(Normally Open, NO) 24V AC.

,

.

,

(NO), 20 (

/ ) 24V AC,

. -

/ .

,

, 20 24V AC, -

. / .

,

1.

PLC,

() ,

PLC, .

, SCADA,

, ,

-, -

, (stop).

, -

, ,

( Motor Running) alarms

( Motor Overload).

PLC

- 2006 5

,

, PLC, -

PLC .

(start right start left)

PLC 24V DC

0V. ,

PLC, ,

( 1=24V DC). , stop,

1 0.

2.1, PLC

.

1, -

.

PLC.

2.1: PLC.

- 2006 6

, PLC RMS

.

PLC

, PLC,

2.2.

2.2: PLC.

, Multitek :

AC :

Type: M100 VA3

Serial No: 11794 006

Aux UH: Self Powered

Class: 0,2% 50z

Input: 3x 0300V AC

Output: 3x 020mA AC

- 2006 7

. PLC, -

, , 1=24V DC

() , 0V DC (-

0). , PLC

PLC,

.

3, ,

.

24V AC,

PLC, -

24 V DC.

3: PLC.

10 mA -

Ohm: 24

I=Z

Z=R+2fL, AC f=50 Hz DC f=0, R -

DC AC. ZDCAC=10mA,

.

- 2006 8

, ,

24V DC. PLC , -

. 24V DC,

24V AC. 24V AC 220/24 V,

,

, 1, . -

6 , .

,

6 , ,

PLC ( ),

( )

24V AC .

LED,

(10k, Watt), .

4 5 -

, OrCAD Layout Ver.

9.2, .

, .

- 2006 9

4: .

5: .

2.4.

,

PLC, . ,

Hager

. :

.

4 ES424 , 4 20, 24V AC

2 ES224 , 2 20, 24V AC

1 MB106A 6

1 MC310A 10

- 2006 10

1 MM510N

6 SV121

4 EP071 1 ES424

1 MZ201 1 MC310A

14 -

13 -

8 - Stop

3 - .

2 SV124 , 1

1 SV123 , 1

-

, PLC, ,

220/24 V FD 62A,

Hager 1 m, 60 cm 96 .

, PLC, ,

220/24 V

FD 62A, Hager 1 m, 60 cm

96 .

6: Vega-D, FD 62A.

2 ,

1, 1 2,

220/24 V, .

2 3 ,

. 4

5

.

2 3, 4 5.

1 rack PLC,

7.

rack PLC,

.

2 1

3

4

5

6: Vega-D, FD 62A.

2 , -

1, 1 2,

- 2006 11

220/24 V, . 2 -

3 ,

. 4 -

5 .

2 3,

4 5.

1 rack PLC,

7.

rack PLC, .

7: .

2.5.

- 2006 12

. , PLC -

1 mm2 ,

(+) 24V AC, (-).

(24V) .

, optical encoder UTP

PLC, , -

( 25 kHz).

PLC, -

,

3x1,5 mm 2 , ,

. -

1,5 mm2 R,

S T.

. 8 9 -

PLC , .

8: PLC.

- 2006 13

9:

2.6.

,

, -

. -

,

. 10.

10: .

( 5 ), ( 8 ),

(stop, 8 ).

(24V),

-

. ,

PLC, -

.

- 2006 14

3.

, CPU 313c

Siemens, STEP 7 ( 5.2) Siemens

Simatic Manager.

, Ladder STL.

3.1.

(block OB1)

(FC). 1 -

. 1 (

) :

- (FC1)

- (),

. () -

5 sec.

(). , -

FC1 .

(FC4)

.

,

. ,

FC4 .

- (FC5)

,

, 020 sec.

(FC2)

, -

- 2006 15

alarms.

. FC2 1 sec,

. , -

, ,

General Alarm. ,

. , ,

General Alarm , -

,

.

(FC7)

,

. Variac

. , , -

-

. PLC

.

:

,

1_Right, K1_Left .

95% .

10% .

, -

. , ,

90% , -

10 ms. ,

,

- 2006 16

. , ,

, -

General Alarm.

1

FC7. , FC9, -

, DC 10%

.

(FC6)

,

,

2 sec

.

, ,

,

.

1 -

FC6. FC9,

.

, . -

,

.

.

. -

MOVE,

(Word) (Memory Word, MW) PLC. H -

- 2006 17

,

04096

PLC.

,

(scaling function)

FC105, ,

Double Word (DW) -

, .

, ( )

( V). -

(DC) , (AC)

, AC Variac

DC .

(optical

encoder) Hontko, 024V DC,

, PLC high speed counter.

Function

Block, SFB48, Data Block (

interrupts). SFB48,

124.0124.2 optical encoder.

PLC .

optical encoder

( -

, duty cycle),

.

optical encoder .

(FC8)

- 2006 18

. -

, .

,

.

FC8, , -

. ,

, , :

0,71, alarm

5sec. ,

(trip) motor

overload.

stop, .

1,

(trip) .

.

.

. -

SCADA.

3.1. Step7 SCADA

SCADA

, SCADA

, -

PLC, -

. , SCADA

SCADA PLC.

- 2006 19

ping MS-DOS,

.

, /

SCADA, , SCADA

. ,

, stop ,

SCADA ,

SCADA. , (screenshots)

Step7, .

11: .

- 2006 20

12.: .

12.: .

- 2006 21

4. .

4.1. SCADA

4.1.1.

SCADA Supervisory, Control And Data

Acquisition, , .

,

. SCADA

, ,

,

,

, . -

SCADA ,

(hardware) (software).

,

(real time).

, , -

, ,

.

, SCADA

,

( )

,

. , SCADA :

,

,

(setpoints) -

,

- 2006 22

-

,

,

,

.

4.1.2.

SCADA -

. ,

SCADA, , , -

. RTU (Remote Telemetry

Units), ,

, .. , , -

, ,

( ), -

SCADA, . -

,

, .

13: SCADA.

- 2006 23

RTU, SCADA, -

, , SCADA

RTU, -

RTUs .

13 SCADA.

4.2.

, ,

10/100 Mbps, 802.3 (Ethernet) 10

Base-T Hub. , PLC, -

802.3. CP343-1, LAN -

10 Base-T TCP. SCADA

.

(remote) /

. 14 .

14: .

4.3. SCADA

SCADA WinCC Ver.

6.0 SP1 Siemens. -

4 :

- 2006 24

Computer

WinCC. -

, ,

,

, WinCC ,

Microsoft Excel, AutoCAD .

Tag Management

, -

, , WinCC, , PLC.

Data Types

.

Editor

(Editor) :

Graphics Designer

WinCC. -

.

Tag Logging

Tag Logging

, .

Alarm Logging

( runtime)

.

Report Designer

(report) ,

-

Graphics Designer.

Global Script

Global Script C,

.

- 2006 25

(project functions)

.

21 -

.

, , -

, , PLC.

,

.

,

.

,

,

. ,

.

software ,

, . ,

,

.

,

. : , ,

.

, , -

.

.

,

,

.

( 16) .

- 2006 26

-

. ,

.

,

, -

.

,

,

.

, PLC -

bytes PLC.

(screenshots) -

(runtime).

15: .

- 2006 27

16: .

17: , .

- 2006 28

18: PLC .

19: -.

- 2006 29

20: .

21: .

- 2006 30

22: (trip) software.

23: alarm, (2 sec) trip.

- 2006 31

24: / .

25: .

- 2006 32

5.

SCADA. OPC Server,

/.

PLC /

TCP, / hub.

-

PWM,

. , ,

(MosFet IGBTs) ,

PID ,

PLC. -

/ PLC ,

(WLAN).

[1] SIMATIC S7, , Siemens,

2000.

[2] SCADA, ,

..., ..., 2005.

[3] , .. ,

..., ..., 1998.

[4] PLC , . . , ,

2 , 1997.

[5] , .

, . , , 1995.

[6] , Andrew Tanenbaum, Prentice Hall International

& , 3 , 1992.

- 2006 33

[7] , Jean Walrand, , 1997.

[8] , , , .. , -

, 1991.

[9] , . - -

, ...

[10] DC AC, Stephen J. Chapman, , 2 -

, 1993.

[11] ULTITRAN Manuals, Multitek.

[12] Incremental Rotary Encoder Manual, Hontko.

[13] Incremental Rotary Encoder E6C2-C Manual, Omron.

[14] Siemens Manuals:

S7-300 CPU 31xC and CPU 31x, Technical data.

S7-300 Automation System CPU 31xC Technological Functions.

S7-300, CPU 31xC and CPU 31x: Installation.

Rotary Pulse Encoder 1XP8001-1.

Simatic HMI.

[15] -

SCADA, , , 2000.

[16] ... PLC -

SCADA, , , 2001.

[17] -

, , , 2001.