Technology Will Save Our Minds and Bodies

Created by: Brett Jenkins & Tom Bereznuk

Discovery of Insulin

• Discovered by Frederick Banting & Charles Best in 1922

• By ligating pancreatic ducts to eliminate proteolytic enzymes (trypsin), insulin production was stimulated

• 1923: Commercial preparation of insulin was sufficient for widespread treatment of diabetes

• Life saving discovery that allows for normal day to day lives of diabetics

Insulin

Pros• Life saving• Allows glucose entry into

cells• Prevents

hyper/hypoglycemic crises• Prevents development of

cardiovascular problems • Allows for normal daily life• Contributes to increased

life span

Cons• Insulin derived from

pigs/cattle may cause rashes and fat deposits

• Needle pricking from subcutaneous injections

• Finger sticks are required for those not on insulin pump

• Possible weight gain

Invention of Defibrillator

• 18th century physiologists Prevost & Batelli discovered the reversal of ventricular fibrillation via electrical shock

• Claude Beck was first to use on a human; 14 year old male with congenital heart disease

• 1959: Bernard Lown designed the modern day monophasic defibrillator (60% success rate)

• Current travels from the right subclavicular paddle to the left lateral thoracic paddle

• Delivers a shock of 360 Joules• Biphasic defibrillators later invented with a 90% success rate

Defibrillator

• 1970s: Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators (ICD) discovered

• ICDs continually monitor a person’s heart and delivers shock when ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (VF/VT)are detected

• ICDs are typically used on patients who have survived a cardiac arrest, previous myocardial infarction, or spontaneous VT causing syncope or hemodynamic compromise

Defibrillator

Pros• Life saving technology• Increases success rate of

CPR• Easy to use; minimal

training• Increasing access in public

places (planes, malls, schools…)

Cons• High cost ($2,000)• Automated defibrillators

prompt users to shock patients in shockable rhythm although mechanical function may be fine; this leads to inadvertent death

ITClamp

• Medical clamp that stops traumatic bleeding in seconds

• Designed for soldiers, paramedics & first responders

• Cost of $65 USD

ITClamp

Pros• Stops traumatic bleeds (life

threat)• Increase possibility of pre-

hospital patient survival• Simple to use• Able to use for self

treatment

Cons• Does not stop internal

bleeding• Non-reusable• High cost ($65)

iPhone Apps & Accessories

• iSpO2: • Ports iSpO2 monitoring to apple devices• Intended for fitness fanatics & respiratory patients to

monitor oxygen levels• Cost: $249• Thermodock:• Infrared device that plugs in to apple device• Works with app to track data• Measures temperature of humans & objects• Cost: $95

iSpO2 & Thermodock

Pros• Used for medical purposes• Thermodock uses infrared

technology; no need for invasive monitoring

• Reasonable cost for medical equipment

• Apps that go along with hardware are free

Cons• Only designed for Apple

devices• Not as accurate as hospital

equipment• Only available through

online purchase

Implantable Bloodstream Device

• Perform minor surgeries within the body such as remove blood clots

• Few millimetres long; small enough to pass through blood stream

• Does not use a battery, functions via electromagnetic waves from an external transmitter

http://youtu.be/oVCeGlrRGeY

Implantable Bloodstream Device

Pros Cons• Still in production; may take

years of testing and research before available to public

• May have a high cost when released

• Eliminates need for open surgery

• Accesses deep vessels that would be difficult or impossible to operate on

• No need for internal power source as it is controlled by external magnet

Microvascular Stamp

• Essentially a patch that encourages and guides blood vessel growth

• Made of porous material that is permeable to molecules and growth factors

• Approximately 1cm wide• Successfully tested on a chicken embryo

Microvascular Stamp

Pros• Further innovation could

allow growth of new vessels to bypass pre-existing blocked vessels

• Encourages damaged tissue to grow

Cons• Still in development• May have high cost when

released• Only affects a small area

Conclusion• Technological inventions and innovations are saving and

prolonging life• Although some cons of these technologies exist, the

benefits greatly outweigh these negatives• Medical monitoring is finding it’s way into popular

handheld devices• Technology has been a factor in medicine throughout

history. Recent innovations have exponentially increased successful outcomes from these technologies

• With the advancement of medicinal technology, human life span has increased significantly

ReferencesSimoni, R., Hill, R., Vaughan, M. (June, 2002). The Discovery of Insulin: the Work of Frederick Banting and Charles Best. Retrieved from http://www.jbc.org/content/277/26/e15.full

Patient.co.uk. (n.d.). Defibrillation and cardioversion. Retrieved from http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Defibrillation-and-Cardioversion.htm

American Diabetes. (n.d.). Difference between types of insulin. Retrieved from http://www.americandiabetes.com/expert-advice/diabetes-lifestyle/difference-between-types-insulin

Moore, E. (December, 2011). High-tech bandage spurs blood vessel growth. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-57346717-247/high-tech-bandage-spurs-blood-vessel-growth/

Moore, E. (February, 2012). Implantable device propels itself through bloodstream. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-57383064-247/implantable-device-propels-itself-through-bloodstream/

Moore, E. (April, 2012). Hair clip inspires device that clamps down traumatic bleeding. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-27083_3-57410091-247/hair-clip-inspires-device-that-clamps-down-traumatic-bleeding/