technology in action - mcccmccc.edu/~okikeq/documents/chapter5_000.pdf · technology in action...
TRANSCRIPT
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Technology in Action
Alan Evans • Kendall Martin
Mary Anne Poatsy
Tenth Edition
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Technology in Action
Chapter 5
Networking:
Connecting Computing Devices
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Chapter Topics
• Networking Fundamentals
• Network Architecture and Components
• Connecting to the Internet
• Installing and Configuring Home Networks
• Securing Wireless Networks
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Networking Fundamentals
• A computer network is two or more
computers connected via hardware and
software
• A node is any device connected to a
network
– Computer
– Peripheral (i.e., a printer)
– Network device (i.e., a router)
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Networking Fundamentals
• Facilitates resource sharing
– Sharing high-speed Internet connection
– Sharing peripheral devices such as printers
– Sharing files
– Common communications
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Networking Fundamentals
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Networking Fundamentals
• Home networks: After installation, easy to maintain
• Large networks need to be administered
– Involve initial purchase of equipment
– Require network administration
• Installing new computers and devices
• Monitoring the network’s performance
• Updating and installing new software
• Configuring network security
– Benefits usually outweigh disadvantages
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Networking Fundamentals
• Data transfer rate (bandwidth): Maximum
speed at which data can be transmitted
between two nodes
• Throughput: Actual speed of data transfer
achieved
• Measured in megabits per second (Mbps)
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Network Architectures
• Network architecture refers to the design
of a network
• Classified according to
– Distance between their nodes
– How they are managed
– The set of rules used to exchange data
between nodes
– The communications medium used to
transport data
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Network Architectures
Defined by Distance
• Networks can
be classified by
the distance
between their
nodes
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Network Architectures
Defined by Distance
• Personal area network (PAN)
– One person
– Connects smartphones, notebooks, and tablets using Bluetooth and WiFi
• Local area network (LAN)
– Nodes located in small geographic area
– Computer lab or fast-food restaurants
• Home area network (HAN)
– Connects all digital devices in a home
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Network Architectures
Defined by Distance
• Metropolitan area network (MAN)
– Large network
– Covers large area such as an entire city
• Wide area network (WAN)
– Spans large physical distance
– The Internet is the largest WAN
– Also a networked collection of LANs
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Network Architectures
Defined by Level of Administration
• Administered in one of two ways
– Central administration
• Tasks can be performed from one computer and
affect other computers on the network
• Client/server network
– Local administration
• Configuration and maintenance must be performed
on each individual computer attached to network
• Peer-to-peer network
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Network Architectures
Defined by Level of Administration
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Network Architectures
Ethernet Protocols
• Ethernet network
– Uses the Ethernet protocol for communication
– Developed by the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
– 802.3: Standard for wired Ethernet networks
– 802.11: Standard for wireless Ethernet
networks
• 802.11n: Current version
• 802.11ac: Newer standard currently being
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Network Architectures
Ethernet Protocols
• 802.11g devices will work with 802.11n
networks
– Slower data transfer rates
– Some frequency interference
• Backward compatibility: Ability of current
devices to use earlier standards
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Network Architectures
Ethernet Protocols
• Gigabit Ethernet Standard: Most
commonly used wired Ethernet standard
for home networks
– Up to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) data
transfer rate
– 10 gigabit Ethernet is available
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Network Components
• All networks must include
– Means of connecting nodes to network
(cables or wireless technology)
– Special devices that allow nodes to
communicate with each other
– Software that allows network to run
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Network Components
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Network Components
Transmission Media
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• Establish a communications channel
between nodes on network
– Wireless networks use radio waves
– Wired networks use cables to connect nodes
• Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable is used for
networks
– Composed of four pairs of wires twisted around each
other to reduce electrical interference
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Network Components
Transmission Media
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– Wired networks use cables to connect nodes
(cont.)
• Coaxial cable consists of single copper wire
surrounded by layers of plastic
• Fiber-optic cable is made up of plastic or glass
fibers that transmit data extremely fast
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Network Components
Transmission Media (cont.)
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• UTP cable: Most popular for wired
Ethernet networks
• Types of UTP cable
– Cat 5E: Cheapest, designed for 100 Mbps
– Cat 6: Designed to support gigabit Ethernet
network
– Cat 6a: Designed for ultra-fast Ethernet
networks
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Network Components
Transmission Media (cont.)
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Network Components
Transmission Media (cont.)
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• Wireless fidelity (WiFi): Standard for
wireless transmissions using radio waves
used to connect computing devices to
wireless networks and the Internet
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Network Components
Transmission Media (cont.)
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• Wireless networks generally have
decreased throughput
– More susceptible to interference from
magnetic and electrical sources
– Other wireless networks can interfere
– Buildings and metal can decrease throughput
– The distance between networking equipment
– Signal coding
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Network Components
Basic Network Hardware
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• Network adapter: Each node on a network
needs an adapter to communicate
• Network interface card (NIC): Network
adapter installed inside a device
• Broadband Internet requires a modem
– Cable or DSL
– Translates the broadband signal
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Network Components
Basic Network Hardware (cont.)
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• Packets: Bundles of data sent through a
network
– For computers to communicate packets must
flow between network nodes
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Network Components
Basic Network Hardware (cont.)
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• Routers and switches facilitate and control
the flow of data
– Router: Transfers packets of data between
two or more networks
– Switch: Receives data packets and sends
them to intended nodes on the same network
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Network Components
Basic Network Hardware (cont.)
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• Router is connected directly to the
broadband modem
• All other computing devices are connected
to the router
– Wired or wireless
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Network Components
Basic Network Hardware (cont.)
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Network Components
Network Software
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• Home networks need operating software that
supports P2P networking
• Client/server network
– Communicate through centralized server
– Specialized network operating system (NOS)
software
• Handles requests for information, Internet access, and
peripherals
• Windows Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
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Network Components
Network Software
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Connecting to the Internet
• Main reason for home network is to share
an Internet connection
• Must purchase Internet access from
Internet service providers (ISPs)
– Specialized providers
– Companies that provide other services
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Connecting to the Internet (cont.)
• Connection choices
– Broadband uses high-speed data access
– Dial-up uses conventional phone lines
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Connecting to the Internet
Wired Broadband Connections
• Broadband
– High-speed Internet
– Data transmission rate of 5 Mbps or greater
• Standard wired broadband technologies
– Cable
– Digital subscriber line (DSL)
– Fiber-optic service
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Connecting to the Internet
Wired Broadband Connections
• Satellite broadband used in rural and
mountain areas
• Mobile broadband is offered by cell-phone
service providers
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Connecting to the Internet
Wired Broadband Connections (cont.)
• Cable Internet: Broadband service that
transmits over coaxial cable
• DSL: Uses twisted-pair cable, same as
telephones
• Fiber-optic service: Uses fiber-optic lines,
strands of optically pure glass or plastic,
thin as human hair, can transmit enormous
amount of data superfast
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Connecting to the Internet
Wired Broadband Connections (cont.)
• Satellite Internet:
Need a satellite dish
connected to your
computer
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Connecting to the Internet
Wireless Internet Access
• Wireless Internet at home
– Router with wireless capabilities
– Right equipment on mobile device
– Virtually all laptops, smartphones, game
systems, and personal media players have
WiFi built in
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Connecting to the Internet
Wireless Internet Access (cont.)
• Use a WiFi hotspot
– WiFi is standard for wireless transmissions
using radio waves
• Wireless in-flight Internet is available
– Gogo
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Connecting to the Internet
Wireless Internet Access (cont.)
• Mobile broadband: Connect to Internet
through cellular network to get 3G or 4G
access
– Many devices such as iPads and notebooks
are available with 3G or 4G capabilities
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Connecting to the Internet
Wireless Internet Access (cont.)
• 3G or 4G capabilities
– Built in on many devices (iPad, Kindle Fire,
Chromebook)
– USB modem is available
– Mobile hotspot: Connect more than one
device to the Internet with either WiFi or
mobile broadband, requires data plan
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Connecting to the Internet
Dial-Up Connections
• About 70% of Internet users use high-
speed
• Dial-up connection
– No high-speed service available
– Least costly
– Slow speed
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Installing and Configuring Home
Networks
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• Home networks today are very different
from those just a few years ago
• Support smartphones, gaming consoles,
tablets, and smart TVs in addition to
computers and printers
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Planning Your Home Network
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• Setting up a home network
– First evaluate your current devices and future
devices
– Home networks run most efficiently and
provide the fastest speeds when all nodes
use the latest Ethernet standard
– Current Ethernet standard: 802.11n
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Planning Your Home Network
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Planning Your Home Network (cont.)
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• Device Manager:
Lists all the
adapters on your
computer
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Connecting Devices to a Router
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• Most routers have
three or four
Ethernet ports
• Add a switch if you
need more
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Connecting Devices to a Router (cont.)
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• Most home wireless routers can support
up to 253 wireless connections at one time
• All routers that support 802.11n should
work with Windows or OS X
• Apple has designed routers for Apple
computers
– AirPort Extreme router
– Windows machines can also connect
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Connecting Devices to a Router (cont.)
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Connecting Devices to a Router (cont.)
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• To determine
what’s connected to
your router, log in to
the IP address
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Network-Attached Storage Devices
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• Network-attached storage (NAS) devices:
Specialized devices designed to store and
manage all network data
– Specialized hard drives
– Connect to the router or switch to connect to
network
• Time Capsule: Wireless router and hard
drive for Apple computers
– Computer backup
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Network-Attached Storage Devices
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Home Network Servers
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• Home network server: Specialized devices
designed to store files, share files across
the network, back up files, and allow
access with a remote connection
• Configured with Windows Home Server
• Connect directly as a node
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Home Network Servers
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Digital Entertainment Devices on a Network
• Network-ready devices can be connected
directly to a network
– Wired or wireless connection
– Blu-ray players, DVRs, and smart TVs
• Connecting entertainment devices lets you
– Access and share digital data
– Access Internet entertainment content
– Play multiplayer games
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks Digital Entertainment Devices on a Network (cont.)
• Blu-ray players have many of the features
of smart TVs
– Integrated wireless
• LG Smart TV Upgrader: Set-top box that
provides same types of connectivity as
Blu-ray player
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks Digital Entertainment Devices on a Network (cont.)
• TiVo Premiere: Record TV and download
directly form Netflix and Amazon
• PlayStation 3 can function as a total
entertainment platform when connected to
the Internet
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Specialized Home-Networking Devices
• New digital picture frames can connect to
home networks
– Built-in wireless
– Can access network and online photos
– Can receive pictures via e-mail
• Home networks can be used for security
– Monitoring cameras with wireless connectivity
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Configuring Software for Your Home Network
• Before configuring your home network do
the following
– Make sure all nodes have network adapters
– Check all cables for wired connections
– Make sure modem is connected to the router
and to the Internet
– Turn on your equipment
– Open the Network and Sharing Center
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks Configuring Software for Your Home Network (cont.)
• Homegroup: Software device that makes it
easier to allow computer on Windows 8 to
share
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks Configuring Software for Your Home Network (cont.)
• Computers with various versions of
Windows can coexist on same network
– Set up computers running newest version of
Windows first
• Connecting Macs to wireless networks
– When you boot up wireless card should be on
– Network login screen will appear
– Enter network password if necessary
– Click Join button
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Troubleshooting Wireless Network Problems
• Maximum range of 802.11n is 350 feet
– If a node is running slow
• Reposition the node within the same room
• Move the node closer to the router
• Use a dual-band N router or wireless range
extender
– Dual-band N router allows for simultaneous
support for both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
– Wireless range extender: Amplifies wireless
signal
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Installing and Configuring Home Networks
Troubleshooting Wireless Network Problems
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Securing Wireless Networks
• Computers that connect to Internet must
be secured from intruders
• Usually accomplished by using a firewall
– Hardware or software solution
• Wireless networks present special
vulnerabilities
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Securing Wireless Networks
• Configure network security before
connecting nodes on your network
• Hacker: Someone who breaks into
computer systems
• Piggybacking: Connecting to a wireless
network without permission
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Securing Wireless Networks
• Precautions to secure a wireless network
– Change your network name (SSID)
– Disable SSID broadcast
– Change the default password on your router
– Turn on security protocols
– Create a passphrase
– Implement media access control
– Limit your signal range
– Apply firmware upgrades
• Firmware is software written to read-only memory
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Securing Wireless Networks
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
1. What is a network, and what are a
network’s advantages and
disadvantages?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
2. What are the different ways to classify
networks?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
3. Which type of network is most commonly
found in the home?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
4. What are the main components of every
network?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
5. What are my options for connecting to the
Internet?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
6. How do I tell if my home network is up to
date, and how do I identify the devices on
the network?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
7. Besides computers, what other devices
can I connect to a home network?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
8. How do I configure the software on my
computer and set up the devices required
to get my network up and running?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
9. What problems might I encounter when
setting up a wireless network?
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Chapter 7 Summary Questions
10. Why are wireless networks more
vulnerable to security risks than wired
networks, and what special precautions
are required to ensure my wireless
network is secure?
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