technology for societal developments-nov 2012

7/30/2019 Technology for Societal Developments-Nov 2012

1/12

MULTI-PURPOSE BIOMASS OPERATED DRIER

The drier is used for drying and heating of various agricultural and food products and industrialmaterials in a clean environment within a temperature range of 50-2000C generated through burning ofbiomass. It is particularly suitable for drying of noodles, vermicelli, potato chips, cut vegetables, tea leaf,fruits, household kitchen preparations (like papad, badi), spices (like zinger, onion, garlic), cereal andpulses, parboiled rice, fish, meat, and industrial products (like textiles). It is also useful in baking of paint(heat paint) over auto-mobile and furniture etc. The product is patented in India (PAT.No.IN 715415of 1996).

Product Features

This is a cabinet type portable apparatus which consists of a fuel efficientcombustor, a heat exchanger and a drying chamber with collapsible racks in

an integrated manner. Firewood/biomass burns completely without emittingsmoke inside the combustor. The heat flux is transmitted indirectly from thehot flue gas to the drying materials through the heat exchanger. The fluegas never comes in direct contact with the drying materials inside the dryingchamber, for which high quality drying equivalent to electric operated drier isalways achieved. The flue gas is released outside of the drier through achimney. The internal design helps the drier to maintain uniformtemperature for drying of different materials. Overall thermal efficiency of thedrier is as high as 80%. Nearly 60-70% reduction in energy, cost and dryingtime is achieved in comparison with electric heated drier. Average woodconsumption for drying is @ 3.5 kg/hr.

Raw Material, equipments and gadgets required for fabrication

Mild steel angle and sheet, Plywood, Thermo cool and G.I. sheet

Welding and drilling machines, normal hand tools

Unit Cost: 1 Cubic meter size = Rs.20, 000/-(As on July 2012) 2 Cubic meter size = Rs.30, 000/-

4 Cubic meter size = Rs.40, 000/-

Commercial Status:Commercialized since 2002.

Impact:More popular in Meghalaya, North Eastern States, Odisha etc.

Invented by: S.Khuntia, Ex-Chief Scientist, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar , India.Contact: E.Mail: [email protected] , [email protected], Mob: 09437012679Residence address: Ananda Bhawan, West Bank of Bindusagar, Bhubaneswar-751002, India


2/12

BIOMASS FIXED CHULHASWITH CHIMNEYSK-1, SK-2, SK-3 (FAMILY, MEDIUM, LARGE), SK-4 models

Energy efficient low cost fixed chullhas (cook stoves) are used for cooking with reduced fuelconsumption and without smoke inside the kitchen. Biomass, agro-waste and dung cake etc. are burntin the chulhas for cooking at high thermal efficiency (25%), which saves 40% fuels over the traditionalchulhas. Exhaust gas from the chullha is released outside of kitchen through a chimney. The chimneyprotrudes through the wall or roof of the kitchen for de-carbonization of the chimney.

Product Features

Fuels burn completely in the chullha due to continuous flow of airover the char. Unburnt fuels inside the hearth of the chullha bythe suction effect of the chimney. Hot flue gas or smoke does notleak into the kitchen as a low pressure is always maintained insidethe chullha. High rate of heat transfer from the flame to the cookpot is achieved during burning, as the flame and hot flue gasalways glide over bottom surface of the cook pot before releasedto the chimney. Simple design with cylindrical combustionchamber of the chullha ensures easy construction, high thermalefficiency, care free use and high acceptability among the users.

Raw material, equipment and gadgets required for fabrication

Pre-fabricated terracotta components, Clay, Ordinary redbrick and asbestos cement pipe

Potters wheel, Mould, Fixtures and Low cost furnace

Unit Cost: Rs. 100-200 as per capacity

Commercial Status:

Commercialized by MNRE, Got of India & its nodal agencies andCSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar since 1990.

Impact:

More than 3.0 million units of various stoves are disseminated under National Programmed of ImprovedChulha (NPIC), MNRE, Govt. of India, resulting to conservation of fuels: 1.0 million ton /yr, reduction ofgreenhouse gas: 1.2 million ton/yr, employment generation: 3 lakh man days/yr.



3/12

PORTABLE MULTI FUEL COOK STOVES

(HARSHA-Family, HARSHA-Community, JYOSTNA)

Portable multi fuel stoves are used for cooking in smokeless condition

with reduced fuel consumption and pollution. A variety of solid fuels suchas firewood, twig, leaf, dung cake, agricultural wastes, charcoal,briquettes, bagasse etc. can be burnt in the stoves with high thermalefficiency (30-50%) irrespective of physical/chemical characteristics of thefuels. The product is patented in India (PAT No. IN 166168 of 1986).

Product Features

This is a metallic stove with corrugated grate and perforated combustionchamber and is provided with an ash scraper. Fixed carbon and volatileparts of the fuels burn separately inside the corrugated grate andperforated combustion chamber of the stove respectively. Complete

combustion of fuels with less excess air is achieved due to continuousflow of preheated air, in primary and secondary streams, into the stovethrough natural draft. The ash scraper helps to remove ash intermittentlyduring burning of high ash fuels. Ash also comes out automatically fromthe stove. The multi-fuel combustion design facilitates to achieve cleanand high temperature flame. Fuel saving over the traditional cook stovesis 50%. Cooking capacity for different size of the stoves is from 5 to 500persons.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets required for manufacture

Mild steel sheet

Welding machine, Ball press or Power press, sheet cuttingmachine

Unit Cost: Rs. 350-2500/- as per cooking capacity

Commercial Status:

Commercialized by MNRE, Got of India & its nodal agencies and CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar since 1990.

Impact:

More than 1.0 million units of various stoves are disseminated underNational Programmed of Improved Chulha (NPIC), MNRE, Govt. of India,resulting to conservation of fuels: 1.0 million ton /yr, reduction ofgreenhouse gas: 1.2 million ton/yr, employment generation: 3 lakh mandays/yr.



4/12

BIOMASS OPERATED BAKERY OVEN

It is a wood fired bakery oven suitable for tiny bakery units andhouseholds. The oven is low cost and portable in nature.Confectionaries like breads (loaves), cakes, biscuits and cookies canbe baked effectively in uniform temperature by burning biomass in theoven. The oven does not require pre-heating and attains the requiredtemperature for baking within 15 minutes after ignition of fuel. Itconsumes quite less fuel, for which 60% reduction in baking cost andtime is achieved in comparison with the traditional bakery ovens. Morethan 32 pieces of loaf (400gm each) can be baked in an hourconsuming only 4 kg firewood by one person. Cost of the oven can berecovered within one month of operation. The product has beenpatented in India (IN 715415).

Product Features

The product comprises of a combustor, an insulated oven and achimney, which are connected internally. Biomass burns completelyinside the combustor and hot flue gas flows from combustor to theoven through suction effect of the chimney. Uniform temperatureinside the oven is easily obtained for effective baking of variousconfectioneries due to downdraft principle operational in the oven.Smoke and related pollution is greatly reduced by completecombustion of fuels through primary and secondary air streams in thecombustor.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets for fabrication

Mild steel sheet and sections, GI sheet

Welding and drill machine, Hand tools for fabrication

Cost of oven: Rs.10,000/-

Commercial Status:

Commercialized since 1995.



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6/12

PULSE THRESHER-CUM-WINNOWER

This machine is used for efficient threshing and winnowing of matured crop of different pulses,irrespective of shape and size of plants or grains. It can be applied for green gram, black gram, arhar,horse gram, lentil etc., with minimum power consumption and labour input. The crop residue issimultaneously crushed to a powdery material during threshing that can be used as animal feed. About50% harvesting cost is reduced and 10% yield is increased over the traditional threshing methods sincegrain loss in crop residue is reduced to almost nil and the rate of operation is 2 to 3 times faster with athreshing and winnowing capacity of 600 kg/hr of the dry crops. The machine operates by 2 or 3 hpelectric motor or oil engine. Semi-automatic and fully automatic pulse thresher variants are alsoavailable.

Product FeaturesThe machine is a vertical flow thresher and dry crop moves vertically inside the machine. Opening ofpods and crushing of crop residues are carried out by a shear mechanism of the fixed and movingbeaters of the machine. The grains are separated from the crop residue by the winnower. Threshingefficiency is more than 99%. The unique feature brings down the breakage of grain to almost nil. The

average cost of threshing and winnowing (including labour and fuel) is 31 paisa per kg of grain. Thegermination of the grains is as good as hand threshed grains.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets required

Mild steel sheet, angle, single phase 3hp motor or kerosene/diesel engine, bearing, EN shaft,blower, sieve etc.

Lathe, welding machine, shearing and cutting machine, drilling machine

Unit cost: Rs 65, 000/-with 3.1 hp petrol start kerosene/diesel run water pump setRs 45,000/- with single phase 3 hp electric motor & starter

Commercial status




7/12

LOW COST DRIER FOR LARGE CARDAMOM AND SPICES

Major component of the cardamom drier is the wood combustor, whichgenerates clean and hot gas for direct heating and drying of largecardamom (spice) raw capsules in cardamom growing areas of India.The combustor burns firewood completely in a smoke freeenvironment and reduces 75% wood consumption and curing periodthereby improving the quality of the dried cardamom. About 45%increase in the content of essential oil of the dried cardamom isobserved over the traditional drying methods. The drier can also beused for drying of other spices like chilly, ginger, garlic etc.

Product Feature

The wood combustor, equipped with corrugated grate, perforatedcombustion chamber, hood etc., is portable and detachable. Thecombustor burns firewood completely with the help of primary andsecondary air streams for generation of clean hot gas. The combustoris placed at the bottom of a brick/mud walled chamber or inside thetraditional Bhatti. The top portion is covered with a steel wire net orbamboo mat for holding the raw cardamom capsules. The woodcombustor supplies the hot gas below the wire net at a uniformtemperature for drying the spices. Method of drying of cardamomcapsules is alike the traditional process to maintain quality and obtainhigh acceptability among the farmers.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets required for fabrication

Mild steel angle and sheet, G.I. sheet, brick or mud wallWelding and drilling machines, hand tools

Unit Cost1 m3 size: Rs.12, 000/-, 2 m3 size: Rs.18, 000/-, 4 m3 size: Rs.26, 000/-

Commercial status


Impact

It is popular in North Eastern states of the country and conserving huge quantity of firewood &improving quality of large cardamom, resulting to fetching more profits to farmers.



8/12

QUEEN COAL / WOOD FIRED POTTERY KILN

The Queen kiln is a low cost coal or wood fired furnace made up ofred brick and clay. It sinters (baking) all kinds of potteries/terracottamaterial such as handicrafts, domestic earthenware, roof tiles, andTERAFIL water filtration disc/containers etc. at a uniform high

temperature (800-9000C) using low grade coal or wood, as per

availability in the vicinity. The improved kiln reduces about 2/3rd fuelconsumption, sintering period and labour requirement while bringingdown the level of pollution over the traditional pottery kilns. Thequality of the potteries is superior and breakage of the potteries isalmost nil during sintering. The structure is suitable for tiny andcottage industry.

Product Features

The kiln is a downdraft tunnel type permanent structure inbuilt with ashort height chimney. Uniform temperature is easily obtained in fewhours during its operation, for which breakage of potteries isnegligible and quality of terracotta is superior. Loading andunloading of potteries are simple and carried out through a door.Firing of potteries is not labour intensive unlike traditional pottery kiln.

Raw materials and equipments required for fabrication

Mild Steel Angle, rods, red brick, clay and sand Temperature measuring instruments.

Cost of erection for 100 firing/kiln/year capacity

Rs 20,000-40,000/- depending upon the volume in the range of 2.5-

12m3

Commercial status

Its technology is in public domain since the year 1995 for sintering of Terracotta products and Terafil

water purification candles in many parts of the country.



9/12

POWER OPERATED PADDY THRESHER-CUM-WINNOWER

The power operated paddy thresher-cum-winnower is used for efficientthreshing of paddy (complete removal of grains from paddy plants) withreduced grain loss in the crop residue and less labour input. Thethresher operates by a 1hp electric motor or oil engine. The machine isattached with a winnower, which is used for effective cleaning of variousgrains such as paddy, wheat, cereals, pulses etc. during harvesting.Threshing capacity of the machine is 300 kg grains/hr with winnowingcapacity of 500 kg grains/hr.

Product Feature

It is a hold-on type thresher and contains a rotating drum. U-shapedspikes are fixed on the outer surface of the drum for maximum removal(99%) of grains when the bundles of ripe paddy plants are shown to therotating drum. It reduces 60% threshing cost and increases 10% yield incomparison to the traditional threshing methods. The winnower consistsof a vibrating tray and a fan. The tray fluidises the uncleaned grains andsubsequently the lighter material is carried to a distance place by the airstream generated by the fan fitted below the fluidiser. Both the drum andthe fan are operated by a 1hp electric motor or oil engine. Higher degreeof cleaning of grains is achieved due to use of the fluidiser and fan.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets required for fabrication

Mild steel angle, steel sheet, bearing, V-belts, 1-hp electric motoror oil engine

Welding machine, sheet cutting machine, jig and fixture

Unit Cost: In the range of Rs 15,000-30,000/- (Electric/ engineoperated)

Commercial status

Its technology is in public domain since the year 1991 for harvesting of paddy extensively in Odisha and

many parts of the country.

Impact

More than 1.0 lakh units are in operation in Odisha, resulting to grain loss in crop residues, reduction oflabor and recovery of few million tons of paddy grains during last 20 years. It is also popular in manyneighboring states.



10/12

BIOGAS FROM VEGETABLE AND KITCHEN WASTES

Decomposed and spoiled vegetables and kitchen wastes are minced topulp in a mincing machine. The pulp undergoes ultra-sound treatment forten minutes for fast generation of bio-gas before charging to reactor. Theminced vegetables can be straightway charged to bio-gas reactor forgeneration of biogas as well. Gas thus obtained from the reactor contains70-80% methane which can be used for clean burning, cooking andheating without smoke and pollution. Wastes from vegetable market canbe converted into clean cooking gas by using the machine.

Product Feature

Spoiled vegetables are minced to pulp bellow 10 mm size in an efficientmincing machine designed by IMMT. The pulp is then charged to thespecific bio-gas reactor. Methane enriched biogas are generated in thereactor within 30days. 5kg/day decomposed vegetable is sufficient toprovide a clean blue flame that can be connected to any domestic gasburner for one hour of cooking and heating that is comparable with LPG.The spent sludge is mostly a gray liquid, which can be re-charged withfeed materials to reduce water consumption.

Raw material, equipment and gadgets required for fabrication

Mild steel angle, steel sheet, bearing, 2-hp electric motoror oil engine

Welding machine, sheet cutting machine, jig and fixture

Unit Cost:

Mincing machine: Rs 15000/- ;Biogas reactor: Rs 10000/- to Rs.25, 000/- (1.0 to 5.0 M3 capacity)

Invented by: S.Khuntia, Ex-Chief Scientist, CSIR-IMMT, Bhubaneswar , India.Contact: E.Mail: [email protected] , [email protected], Mob: 09437012679

Residence address: Ananda Bhawan, West Bank of Bindusagar, Bhubaneswar-751002, India


11/12

POWER OPERATED GRAIN WINNOWER

This machine is utilized for efficient cleaning of variousgrains during harvesting, such as paddy, wheat,

cereals, and pulses, with low energy input. Winnowingcapacity is 2000 kg/hr, in case of paddy and itconsumes 375 watt/hr energy. The winnower operateswith a .5 hp electric motor or engine.

Product Feature

The device operates with two specific air jets. Theupper air jet fluidizes the unclean grains, while thelower air jet carries the light materials to a distant placeleaving behind the heavy grains. A blower is used forsupply of air to the nozzles to create the jets. The

mechanism ensures a higher degree of cleaning of avariety of grains.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets required forfabrication

Mild steel angle, steel sheet, bearing, V-belt,.5hp electric motor or oil engine

Welding machine, sheet cutting machine, jig andfixture

Unit Cost: Rs 10,000/-

Commercial status




12/12

LOW COST GLAZING (GLASS COATING) OF TERRACOTTA

It is a process for glazing or glass coating on terracottaproducts, such as roof tiles, floor tiles, handicrafts,earthenware etc., by using waste soda glass. A negligibleamount of lead oxide is used for melting the glaze material atlow temperature (below 9000C) in the Queen kiln a productof IMMT used for the purpose of sintering a variety ofterracotta and pottery material. Glazing improves the lusterand life of terracotta and makes the products water proof.

Product Features

The frit is initially prepared from broken glass pieces, and isthen mixed with borax and lead oxide to grind in a ball mill.The glaze mixture is coated over terracotta using water andfired in the Queen kiln for melting the glaze at 900oC.

Raw material, equipments and gadgets required forfabrication

Waste glass bottles, borax and lead oxide

Small ball mill, low cost coal fired furnace and Queenkiln

Unit Cost: Rs.0.50 Paisa per sq ft.

Commercial status:



technology for societal developments-nov 2012

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