Technology and ScienceTechnology and Science

Presented By: Presented By: Amy CheemaAmy CheemaSamar AzizSamar AzizSana AzizSana Aziz

Arzoo SalamiArzoo SalamiFauwaz S. HusseinFauwaz S. Hussein

Patrick MartinPatrick Martin

What Is Technology?What Is Technology?

DefinitionDefinition The technical means people use The technical means people use

to improve their surroundings. to improve their surroundings. Technology is people using Technology is people using

knowledge, tools, and systems knowledge, tools, and systems to make their lives easier. to make their lives easier.

Benefits of TechnologyBenefits of Technology

Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

Science vs. TechnologyScience vs. Technology Is technology an “applied Is technology an “applied

science”?science”? Theories of ScienceTheories of Science Theories of TechnologyTheories of Technology

Technology throughout Technology throughout HistoryHistory

The Stone AgeThe Stone Age The Bronze AgeThe Bronze Age The Iron AgeThe Iron Age The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution The 20The 20thth Century Century

Technological SystemsTechnological Systems

Definition – This word is Definition – This word is interchangeable with “system”interchangeable with “system”

Three parts: Three parts: InputsInputs ProcessesProcesses OutputsOutputs FeedbackFeedback

Inputs – The Resources Used Inputs – The Resources Used by the Systemby the System

There are six major inputs used There are six major inputs used by a technological system: by a technological system: PeoplePeople Natural Resources (materials)Natural Resources (materials) Capital (tools and machines)Capital (tools and machines) Finance (money)Finance (money) Knowledge (information)Knowledge (information) EnergyEnergy

Processes – The actions Processes – The actions taken to use Inputstaken to use Inputs

Two major types of processes:Two major types of processes: Production ProcessesProduction Processes Management ProcessesManagement Processes

These two processes are united. These two processes are united. They work together to get They work together to get desired outputs.desired outputs.

Outputs – The result of the Outputs – The result of the SystemSystem

Two types of outputsTwo types of outputs System output System output

Ex. Manufactured product, Ex. Manufactured product, constructed work, communicated constructed work, communicated message. message.

Other output Other output Ex. Scrap and waste, pollutionEx. Scrap and waste, pollution

Goals of TechnologyGoals of Technology

Two Primary goals for any Two Primary goals for any business to be successful: business to be successful: To meet human needsTo meet human needs ProfitProfit

Types of Technological Types of Technological SystemsSystems

Manufacturing SystemsManufacturing Systems Construction SystemsConstruction Systems Communication SystemsCommunication Systems Transportation SystemsTransportation Systems

The Design ProcessThe Design Process

The ProblemThe Problem

1.1. May have to invent a solution to May have to invent a solution to a problema problem

2.2. May have to change an existing May have to change an existing designdesign

InvestigationInvestigation

FUNCTION: Must solve the problem FUNCTION: Must solve the problem described in the design brief. “What exactly described in the design brief. “What exactly is the use of the article?”is the use of the article?”

APPEARANCE: Shape, color, and texture APPEARANCE: Shape, color, and texture should make the object attractive.should make the object attractive.

MATERIALS: Availability? Cost? Physical MATERIALS: Availability? Cost? Physical Properties (strength, rigidity, color, Properties (strength, rigidity, color, durability)durability)

CONSTRUCTION: Hard to make?CONSTRUCTION: Hard to make? SAFETY: The object must be safe, should SAFETY: The object must be safe, should

not cause accidents not cause accidents

Developing Alternative Developing Alternative SolutionsSolutions

Write or draw every idea on Write or draw every idea on paper as it comes to youpaper as it comes to you

The more ideas you have, the The more ideas you have, the more likely you are to end up more likely you are to end up with a good solutionwith a good solution

Choosing a SolutionChoosing a Solution

Your own skillsYour own skills

The materials availableThe materials available

Time needed to build each Time needed to build each solutionsolution

Cost of each solutionCost of each solution

Detailed DrawingDetailed Drawing

Overall dimensionsOverall dimensions Detailed dimensionsDetailed dimensions Material to be usedMaterial to be used How it will be madeHow it will be made What finish it will requireWhat finish it will require

Models and PrototypesModels and Prototypes

Model is a full-size or small-Model is a full-size or small-scale simulation of an objectscale simulation of an object

Prototype is the first working Prototype is the first working version of the designer’s version of the designer’s solutionsolution

Testing and EvaluatingTesting and Evaluating

Does it work?Does it work?

Does it meet the design brief?Does it meet the design brief?

Will modifications improve the Will modifications improve the solution?solution?

ManufacturingManufacturing

How many to make?How many to make?

Medical equipment produced in Medical equipment produced in hundreds, nuts and bolts hundreds, nuts and bolts produced in millionsproduced in millions

What is Technology?What is Technology?

What Counts as Technology?What Counts as Technology?

ObjectsObjects KnowledgeKnowledge ActivitiesActivities A ProcessA Process Sociotechnical SystemSociotechnical System

Technology is Related to Technology is Related to ScienceScience

Purpose of technology: Purpose of technology: change in the material change in the material environmentenvironment

Purpose of science: Purpose of science: understanding of nature.understanding of nature.

Technology Involves DesignTechnology Involves Design

Design is the center of Design is the center of technology technology

Design process: begins Design process: begins with perception of a need, with perception of a need, continues with formulation continues with formulation of a specification, and of a specification, and ends with an evaluation of ends with an evaluation of the solution. the solution.

Technology Involves MakingTechnology Involves Making

Motivating factor: desire to fulfill a Motivating factor: desire to fulfill a need.need.

All designs should be made or All designs should be made or realized.realized.

If the need is to be fulfilled, the If the need is to be fulfilled, the design is to be evaluated, and the design is to be evaluated, and the design activity is to have been design activity is to have been purposeful and worthwhile. purposeful and worthwhile.

Technology is Multi-DimensionalTechnology is Multi-Dimensional

Technology is performing a Technology is performing a multitude of functionsmultitude of functions

Examples: working with Examples: working with others, operating within others, operating within budgets, persuading decision budgets, persuading decision makers, communicating to makers, communicating to clients and working to clients and working to deadlines. deadlines.

Technology is concerned with Technology is concerned with ValuesValues

Value decisions may be Value decisions may be called for not only in relation called for not only in relation to the specific design criteria, to the specific design criteria, but also in relation to the but also in relation to the rightness or wrongness of a rightness or wrongness of a particular solution in ethical particular solution in ethical terms.terms.

Technology is Socially ShapedTechnology is Socially Shaped

Determined by social interests.Determined by social interests. Technology is shaped by society, Technology is shaped by society,

by consumer choice.by consumer choice. Technology can shape society. Technology can shape society.

For example, the technology of For example, the technology of the motor car has shaped our the motor car has shaped our environment and our whole way environment and our whole way of life.of life.

Technology and Science, Technology and Science, go way back…go way back…

The word science is derived from the Latin word The word science is derived from the Latin word scientia, which simply means knowledge, and the scientia, which simply means knowledge, and the German word wisenschaft, which means German word wisenschaft, which means systematic, organized knowledge. (Why?)systematic, organized knowledge. (Why?)

The word technology is derived from the Greek words, The word technology is derived from the Greek words, techne and logos, which means art or craft. (How?)techne and logos, which means art or craft. (How?)

Science has a relatively recent history – perhaps four Science has a relatively recent history – perhaps four centuries, whereas technology has a much longer centuries, whereas technology has a much longer history, a history as long as humanity.history, a history as long as humanity.

How Technology and Science are related…

TechnologyTechnology ScienceScience

Goal: Goal: the creation of artifacts and systems to the creation of artifacts and systems to meet people's needsmeet people's needs

Goal:Goal: the pursuit of knowledge and the pursuit of knowledge and understanding for its own sakeunderstanding for its own sake

Design, invention, productionDesign, invention, production Discovery (controlled by experimentation)Discovery (controlled by experimentation)

Analysis and synthesis of designAnalysis and synthesis of design Analysis, generalization and creation of Analysis, generalization and creation of theoriestheories

The search for and theorizing about new The search for and theorizing about new processes (e.g. control; information)processes (e.g. control; information)

The search for and theorizing about cause The search for and theorizing about cause (e.g. gravity; electromagnetism)(e.g. gravity; electromagnetism)

Taking good decisions based on incomplete Taking good decisions based on incomplete data and approximate modelsdata and approximate models

Drawing correct conclusions based on good Drawing correct conclusions based on good theories and accurate datatheories and accurate data

Design, construction, testing, planning, Design, construction, testing, planning, quality assurance, problem solving, quality assurance, problem solving, decision making, interpersonal and decision making, interpersonal and communication skillscommunication skills

Experimental and logical skillsExperimental and logical skills

Relationship between science and Relationship between science and technologytechnology

Applied scienceTechnology Science

Applications related to science Applications related to science and technologyand technologyElectronic devices: Invention of radioElectronic devices: Invention of radio - Science: sound, wave, and optics- Science: sound, wave, and optics - Technology: assembly of speaker, - Technology: assembly of speaker,

electric circuits, and antenna. electric circuits, and antenna.Health Services: From use of remedies to Health Services: From use of remedies to

proper medicationsproper medications - Science: Physiology of human body- Science: Physiology of human body - Technology: combination of various - Technology: combination of various

salts.salts.