techno-economic tools to simulate the costs of hydrogen infrastructure technologies ·...
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Techno-economic Tools to Simulate the Costs of Hydrogen Infrastructure TechnologiesAmgad Elgowainy, Energy Systems Division, Argonne National LaboratoryThis presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information
February 27, 2018
Fuel Cell Technologies Office Webinar
2U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Question and Answer
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3U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Hydrogen Infrastructure Modeling Goal
Suite of tools complete bottom-up engineering designs and cost analyses of hydrogen infrastructure (pipelines, liquefiers, liquid tankers, tube trailers, geologic storage, gaseous fueling stations, and liquid fueling stations) based on user-defined scenarios.
Models have been informed and extensively vetted by industry.
Models are used by government agencies, academia, and industry to estimate investments necessary for growth of hydrogen infrastructure, and to inform technology-specific targets that guide R&D.
All models are publicly available at: https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/
4U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Scope of Infrastructure Models
Long-distance Transport of Hydrogen from: 1) Central Production Facilities to a City, and
2) City Gate to Hydrogen Fueling Stations(e.g. liquid tankers, tube trailers, pipelines, geologic caverns, terminals)
Hydrogen Fueling Stations for Fuel Cell Vehicles
5U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
User-Defined Model Inputs: Market, Technical and Economic
Market Market size (e.g., 5,000 FCEVs; 50,000 FCEVs) Station capacity (e.g., 300 kg/day; 1000 kg/day) Station utilization rate
Technical Mode of hydrogen delivery (e.g., gaseous, liquid) Delivery distances distance (e.g., 30 miles, 300 miles, etc) Fill amount at fueling stations (e.g., 4 kg, 5 kg, etc) Fueling speed (e.g., 1 kg/min, 1.6 kg/min, etc) Hourly fueling demand
Economic Rate of return on investment Analysis period (10 years, 20 years, etc) Production volumes (i.e. economies of scale)
6U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Technologies Used to Deliver Gaseous Hydrogen
7U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Centralized Gaseous H
2 Production
Fueling Station
Liquefier
High-Pressure Cryo-Pump
Cryo-Compressed
Dispenser
Liquid Terminal
Loading Bays
CryogenicStorage
Liquid Truck
Pump Pump
Compressed Gas
Dispenser
CryogenicStorage
Vaporizer
Technologies Used to Deliver Liquid Hydrogen
8U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model (HDSAM)
https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hdsam
Capital Operating
Energy
Scenario Definition
Cash Flow
Station Cost
Model Output
Delivery & Refueling Components
Delivery Cost $/kgH2Penetration
0 25 50 75 100
Penetration
0 25 50 75 100
Market (all U.S. cities > 50K
population)
Delivery & Dispensing Mode
Financial/EconomicInputs and Assumptions
9U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Hydrogen Delivery via Liquid Tankers vs. Tube Trailers
Future Market120,000 FCEVs
1000 kg/day station
Early Market12,000 FCEVs
300 kg/day station
Liquid delivery is lower cost than tube-trailer gaseous delivery when market demands are high and transportation distances are long.
$-
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Transportation Distance to City Gate [mi]
Tube Trailer
Liquid Hydrogen Tanker
Cost
of H
ydro
gen
Del
iver
y an
d D
ispe
nsin
g ($
/kg)
$- $1 $2 $3 $4 $5 $6 $7 $8 $9
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Transportation Distance to City Gate [mi]
Tube Trailer
Liquid Hydrogen Tanker
Cost
of H
ydro
gen
Del
iver
y an
d D
ispe
nsin
g ($
/kg)
10U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Adapting Delivery Modes for Market Demands
$-
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
$30
Today12,000 FCEVs
Future120,000 FCEVs
Future300,000 FCEVs
Pipeline
Liquid Tanker
Tube Trailer
Cost
of H
ydro
gen
Del
iver
y an
d D
ispe
nsin
g ($
/kg)
Trucking is lowest cost option with small market demand (near-term) Pipeline is lowest cost option with large market demand (long-term)
11U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Cost Drivers of Hydrogen Fueling Stations
Refueling: $6-$8/kg
Delivery: $6/kg
Production: $2/kg
Compressor45%
Storage20%
Dispenser11%
Refrigeration12%
Electrical3%
Controls/Other9%
Current Retail Price of Hydrogen Fuel: $13-$16/kg
Capital Costs of Hydrogen Fueling Stations (Simulated)
12U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Hydrogen Refueling Models (HRSAM and HDRSAM)
Capital Operating
Energy
Market Definition
Station Utilization Scenarios
Fueling Hourly Demand
Cash Flow
Station Cost
Model Output
Sizing of Refueling Components
Station CapacityFueling Cost
$/kgH2
%
yr
Mode of Hydrogen Supply
Financial/EconomicInputs and Assumptions
13U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Hydrogen Refueling Station Models
Objective: Evaluate impacts of key market, technical, and economic parameters on refueling cost [$/kgH2] of light-duty
and heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles
HRSAM HDRSAM
Available at: http://hdsam.es.anl.gov/
14U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
HRSAM
https://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hrsam
HRSAM Model is available at the link below:
15U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Impact of station utilization and capacity on refueling cost
15-year Analysis Period10-year Analysis Period
Today (low volume)Early market (12,000 FCEVs)
300 kg/day station
Future (high volume)Mature market (120,000 FCEVs)
1000 kg/day station
16U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
HDRSAMhttps://hdsam.es.anl.gov/index.php?content=hdrsam
HDRSAM Tool is available at the link below:
HDRSAM
17U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Impact of fueling rate on refueling cost
Comparable cost for slow fills with gaseous and liquid stations Faster fills require higher capacity equipment and result in higher cost Liquid stations can handle faster fills with less cost increase
7.23.61.8 7.23.61.8Fueling Rate
(kg/min.)Liquid StationGaseous Station
Fleet Size: 30 busesFill Amount: 35 kgFill Strategy: Back-to-Back
18U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Impact of fleet size (demand) on refueling cost
Fleet sizes have a strong impact: cost can drop to ~$1/kgH2 with large fleet size Liquid station, in general, provides a lower refueling cost option
Two dispensers
Two dispensers
Fill Amount: 35 kgFill Rate: 3.6 kg/minFill Strategy: Back-to-Back
19U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Amgad Elgowainy (ANL)
Krishna Reddi (ANL)
Marianne Mintz (ANL)
Jerry Gillette (ANL)
Daryl Brown (previously at PNNL)
Matt Ringer (NREL)
Neha Rustagi (DOE)
Contributors to the development of the Hydrogen Delivery and Refueling Models over the past decade
20U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Acknowledgments
• The hydrogen delivery and refueling models have been supported by DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Fuel Cell Technologies Office since 2005 under the Hydrogen Delivery Program. The model developers are very thankful to the support from previous managers Mark Paster, Monterey Gardiner, Scott Weil andErika Gupta, and from current Delivery Program manager Neha Rustagi.
21U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Question and Answer
• Please type your questions to the chat box. Send to: (HOST)
22U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OFFICE OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES OFFICE
Thank you
hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov
Amgad [email protected]
Neha [email protected]
Eric [email protected]