techniques of group decision making
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Techniques of group decision makingTRANSCRIPT
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TECHNIQUES OF GROUP DECISION
MAKING
BY RINKU.V MACFAST
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WHY GROUP DECISION MAKING????
GROUP DECISION MAKING
SYNERGY
COMMITMENT
KNOWLEDGE AND
EXPERIENCE
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TECHNIQUES OF GROUP DECISION MAKING
• Brain storming• Nominal group technique• Delphi technique• Devil’s advocacy• Electronic meetings• Fish bowling• Didatic Interaction• Interacting groups
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BRAINSTORMING• Developed by Alex Osborn.• Brainstorming is a group
technique by which efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its member.
• Generate as many ideas as possible, suspending evaluation until all the ideas have been suggested.
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GUIDELINES FOR BRAINSTORMING
• Criticism of ideas is not allowed.
• No idea is considered too far out. People are encouraged to state publicly any of their ideas.
• Participants are encouraged to build on the suggestions of others.
• As many ideas as possible are encouraged.
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NOMINAL GROUP TECHNIQUE• Developed by Andre Delbecq and Andrew
Van de Ven at the university of Wisconsin.
• Individuals silently list their ideas.
• Ideas are written on a chart one at a time until all ideas are listed.
• Discussion is permitted but only to clarify the ideas. No criticism allowed.
• A written vote is taken.
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DELPHI TECHNIQUE• Originated at the Rand Corporation to
gather judgements of experts for use in decision making.
• Developed by Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer.
• Used for forecasting future events.• Fifteen to twenty experts are involved.• Structured questionnaire is sent to
these experts.• There is no interaction between them.• A summary is prepared by taking the opinions of the experts.
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DEVIL’S ADVOCACY• An individual is given the role of critic
whose task is to come up with the potential problems in proposed decision.
• Helps to avoid costly mistakes by identifying pitfalls in advance.
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ELECTRONIC MEETINGS• The members of the group interact
with the help of computers through connected computer terminals.
• Projector screen is used to show the individual comments and votes on an issue.
• This method reduces group think and the time wasted in socializing the meeting.
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FISH BOWLING• All the members are seated in a circle
form• One person sits in the centre chair
and gives his suggestion to the problem.
• Members can ask questions to that person.
• No two members are allowed to talk to each other than with the person seated in the centre.
• After all views are expressed, the one with consensus is selected.
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DIDATIC INTERACTION
• This is used only where there is YES- NO application.
• Two groups:• One favouring YES• Other favouring NO• Both groups discuss their view points
and find out weaknesses in their sides.• Finally it results in mutual acceptance of
facts.
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INTERACTING GROUPS• Most of the decision making in a
group happens in a meeting.• The most important advantage is that
the members can interact face to face.
• Disadvantage is that the decisions taken in interacting groups are affected by group think, pressure to conform etc.
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