technical programs and abstracts - ist.edu.pk

Technical Programsand Abstracts

6th Student Research Paper Conference (SRPC)

19-20 June, 2019

Steering Committee

Dr. Syed Wilayat Hussain Vice ChancellorDr. Iqbal Rasool DeanMr. Ishaat Saboor RegistrarDr. Khurram Khurshid HoD Electrical EngineeringDr. Abdul Munem Khan HoD Aeronautics and AstronauticsDr. Asif Israr HoD Mechanical EngineeringDr. Muhammad Amin HoD Avionics EngineeringDr. Ibrahim Qazi HoD Material Science & EngineeringDr. Qamar ul Islam HoD Space ScienceDr. Zahir Ali HoD RS & GISc (NCRG)Dr. Najam Abbas Director Student AffairsMr. Amer Azam Qazi Director AdministrationMr. Kashif Baig Chief Finance OfficerMr. Zulfiqar Ahmed Asst. Director IT

iii

Organizing Committee

Dr. Khurram Khurshid PresidentMr. Ch. Bilal Ahmad Khan Conference SecretaryDr. Adnan Zafar Director PublicationsMr. Mughees Ahmed Director OperationsMr. Ghayas ud Din Director Marketing and Social MediaMr. Haroon Ibrahim Director Funding and SponsorshipsMr. Zaheer Ahmed Manager AdministrationMr. Malik Muhammad Saad Asst. Director Publications

v

Technical Committee

Electrical Engineering Aeronautics & AstronauticsDr. Farrukh Aziz Bhatti Dr. Farooq HyderDr. Aamir Habib Mr. Khurram RehmanDr. Abdur Rahman Ms. Zainab SaleemDr. Abdul Haseeb Mr. Imran HayatDr. Sobia Jangsher Mr. Asim ShahzadDr. Khurram Javed Mr. Irfan Majid

Mr. Adeel Yousaf

Mechanical Engineering Avionics EngineeringDr. Asif Israr Dr. Muhammad AminDr. Muhammad Zubair Khan Mr. Sardar AhmedDr. Owaisur Rehman Shah Mr. Muhammad Zahid SheikhDr. Mariyam Sattar Mr. Irfan MajidMr. Muhammad Shaban Mr. Muhammad ShafiqueMr. Faheem AhmedMr. Zeshan Aslam Space SciencesMr. Muhammad Latif Dr Muhammad ShakirMs. Samia Fida Dr. Sajid Ghuffar

Dr Shahid Iqbal

Remote Sensing & GISc Material Science & EngineeringDr. Muhammad Ateeq Qureshi Dr. Sajid Ullah KhanDr. Saad Malik Dr. Saad NaumanMr. Saad ul Hauque Dr. Ali Hussain

Dr. Saima Shabbir

vii

Contents

Steering Committee iii

Organizing Committee v

Technical Committee vii

Keynote Speakers 1Prof. Dr. Shoab Ahmed Khan . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Dr. Imtnan ul Haq Qazi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Dr. Muhammad Aftab Akram . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Electrical Engineering 3SER: an inadequate measure, and ERP: a novel metric

for randomness of Physical Layer Security (OmarAnsari , Muhammad Amin) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Microcontrollers used for Motion Control in AutomaticStorage and Retrieval Vehicles (Manahil Shahzad, Mufeeza Anwar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Mechanical Tennis Ball Thrower (Iqra Alvi, Syeda RidaZahra ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Pacemaker (Heart Beat Regulator) (Nayab Matloob,Muhammad Abdullah ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

IOT Based City water Monitoring System (Saad Aziz,M Khizer Ali ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

ix

Non-Invasive Glucometer Using Near Infrared Spec-troscopy (Ahmad Raza Awan , Ammar Mazhar ) 7

Urdu Speech Recognition Feature Extraction Tech-nique Using Neural Networks (Mahnoor Shams ,Nooh Ahmed Sial) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

A Novel Technique for Detection and Tracking of aFriendly Target Using Bistatic SAR (Sadaf Ahsan, Muhammad Ali Afzal ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Single Phase Smart Energy Metering System (Muham-mad Usman Ahmad , Ansar Shabir ) . . . . . . . 9

Solid State Voltage Stabilizer using Insulated GateBipolar Transistors (IGBTs) (Muhammad UsmanAsif , Sana Asif ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Electric Bicycle using BLDC Motor (Sheikh HamzaNaeem , Muhammad Furqan Asad ) . . . . . . . 11

GPS Based Autonomous Rover (Muhammad SufyanArshad , Ijlal Hussain ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Prepaid Energy Meter using GSM (Sher Yar Khan ,Mohsin Abbas Zafar ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

8b/10b Encoding Decoding in Fibre Channel Technol-ogy (Hassaan Saeed , Muhammad Huzaifah ) . . 14

Home Energy Management System (Zulkifal Shah , No-man ur Rehman ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Design and Implementation of MPPT Controller forSolar VFD (Sajjal Afzal , Abdullah Tahir ) . . . 15

An Automated Attendance Management System basedon Deep Face Recognition (Maheen Zulfiqar , Fa-tima Syed ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Fruit Sorting Machine Using Image processing (Usamashakoor , Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab Abbas ) . . . 17

Robot Automation through Image (Kainnat Malik ,Alina Muddassir ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Deployment of customized payloads using 3U CubeSatdeployer (Muhammad Danish , Sharoon Barkat ) 18

x

Speed Detection of Ground Moving Vehicles using GSMbased Passive Radar (Muhammad Iqrash Talique, Umer Farooq ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Indoor Localization using LoRaWAN (Ali Yaseen , Sul-tan Khan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Gesture Controlled Computer using Accelerometer (Anee-qah Azmat , Jamil Sabir ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

IoT based Aquaponics System (Afaq Ahmed Bhatti ,Aneesa ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Architecuture of an Online Medical Management Sys-tem (Usman Abdur Rehman , Faheem Abdullah ) 22

Low Noise Amplifier (Hamid Iqbal , Ali Iqbal ) . . . . 22

Feed-Forward NN for Classification of Malnutrition (Muham-mad Zawish , Mehak Memon , Aisha Zahid Junejo, Aiman Khalil ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Reducing Electricity Bills for Industries and Commer-cial Establishment (Faizullah Mahar , Muham-mad Mustafa ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Economic Load Dispatch using Evolutionary Algorithms(Abdul Basit , Wasiq Hussain ) . . . . . . . . . . 25

Controlling system using Gestures (Amir Khan , Muham-mad Gul , Aizaz Khan , Omar Bin Samin ) . . . 25

Air-Writing (Zabeeh Ullah , Huzaifa Salman , UzairMuhammad , Omar Bin Samin ) . . . . . . . . . 26

Client Server Communication Using Sockets (Alina Khan, Zarnain Haider ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

CodeGen: PL/SQL Code Generator for Fraudlense Ap-plication (Ayesha Liaquat , Farah Batool , SarahMishal , Altaf Hussain ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Analysis Of Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS )Based Virtual Private Network (VPN) Using VRF(Hasnat Masood , Laila Abeer , Hizbullah Jadoon ) 28

Information Retrieval Using Natural Language Process-ing (Salva Hasan , Saba Farman , Hajira Saadat) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

xi

Design of a Diffractive Spectrum Splitting System forLateral Multijunction Photovoltaics using Ray Trac-ing (Behlol Nawaz , Muhammad Rizwan Saleem ,Nadia Shahzad ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Parameter Design of Passive Power Filter For PowerSystem Harmonic Mitigation (Muhammad Am-mad Ali , Muhammad Uzair ) . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Review on different techniques used for increasing theefficiency of Solar System (Najeeb Uddin , JamshidBacha , Amjid Zia ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Energy Efficient Master Privileged Slave SuppressedRouting Protocol (Aamir Nazir Khan , ZubairAyaz ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Prognostic Maintenance of Hydropower sub System Us-ing Machine Learning Algorithm (Azaz Rashid ,Muhammad Bilal Rehman , Hamza Fazal ) . . . 32

Mechanical Engineering 33

Investigating the effectiveness of Metallic Oxide Nano-fluids in Concentrating Solar Collectors (AwaisSiddique , M. Farhan , M. Shaban ) . . . . . . . 33

Design & Fabrication of Cylinder Head and CylinderBlock of a Single Cylinder 4 Stroke Internal Com-bustion Engine (Nasir Tariq ) . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Design and Fabrication of a Piston of a Single Cylin-der 4-Stroke Engine (Daud Raza , Dr. Owais-Ur-Rehman Shah ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Experimental Study of the Tensile Properties of GlareFML, Arall FML, and FML Made from Kevlar SGlass Hybrid Composite (Murtaza Khalil , HamzaKhan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

CFD Simulation of Remotely Operated Underwater Ve-hicle (ROV) (M. Irtaza Rabbani , Abdullah Tariq) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

xii

Design and Development of a Computer Numeric Con-trolled 3D Printer, Laser Cutter and 2D Plotterall in one machine (M. Ammar Khan , M. TalalShahid , M. Zubair Khan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Design and Analysis of a Novel Vertical Axis WaterTurbine for Power Generation from Water Pipelines(M. Ammar , Junaid Bashir , M. Zubair Khan ) 37

Design and Development of Solar Unmanned AerialVehicle (Syed Arbab Ali sher , Shadab ud Din ,Muhammad Zubair Khan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Design & Fabrication of Valve Actuation Mechanism &Fuel Injection of 4 Stroke IC Engine (Saif AhmedAfridi , Dr Owais ur Rehman ) . . . . . . . . . . 39

Design and Development of Car Front Bumper UsingComposite Sandwich Panels (Syed Shayan Mustafa, Azm ul Haq , Muhammad Zubair Khan ) . . . . 39

Develpment of Speed and Traction Control System fora 6-Wheeled Articulated Robot (Asfand Fida Ab-basi , Muhammad Hassan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Design and Testing of an Air Conditioning Unit forhigh humidity conditions (Taimoor Ahmed Khan, Ahmed Hamid Butt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Design of Cooling Pins for Single Cylinder 4-StrokePetrol Engine (Sadia Anum ) . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Designing and Fabrication of Press-type Pipe Inspec-tion Robot (M. Ehtasham Abdullah , Orangzaib) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Kevlar/Glass FiberHybrid Reinforced polymer composites (HamzaYonas , Syed Ali Hassan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Generation of Electricity using bladeless turbine by Vor-tex Shedding (M. Noman Sajjid , Jabbar Javed ) 44

Design and Development of Six Degrees of Freedom(6DoF)Parallel Kinematic Mechanism Based CNC Router(M. Talah Manzoor , M. Farhan Yousaf ) . . . . 45

xiii

Design, Analysis and Inverse Kinematics of 360 DegreeFlexible Drilling Robotic Arm (Abu Bakar Javed, Owais ur Rehman ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Investigation of Different Heat Exchange Systems ina Thermoelectric Refrigerator and their Influenceon the Efficiency (Tahseen Kanwal , Hamza RehmanSaleemi ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Numerical Analysis For Hot Rolled Steel/Steel (St/St)Bilayer Sheet in Single Point Incremental Forming(Dr. Muhammad Ilyas , Malik Hassan , Aaqib Ali, Dr. Ghulam Hussain , Dr. Sohail Malik , MairajAhmad , Abbas Raza ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Design and Analysis of an All-Terrain vehicle with thefour wheeler independent suspension system (AliRaza Gul , Muhammad Muneeb Khan , ZeeshanAslam ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Avionics Engineering 49

Vision based autonomous object tracking using multi-rotor UAV (Talah Farooq Hashmi , Abdullah Rashid, Waleed Khan , Adeel Yousaf ) . . . . . . . . . . 49

Autonomous UAVs Swarm Navigation using Mixed In-teger Quadratic Programming (MIQP) Algorithmfor Application in Drone Performance and LightShows. (Faiza Ali , Mehran Khan ) . . . . . . . . 50

Design and Development of CAN Bus based systemfor BLOS UAV (Muhammad Usama Nasir , Hu-mayun Ahmed ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Design and implementation of an obstacle detectionand avoidance system on an autonomous UAV(Zarar Younis , Mostafa Ali Khan ) . . . . . . . 51

Development and Design of Efficient Cell Phone Jam-mer (Usama Naeem , Umair Abbas ) . . . . . . . 52

xiv

Development of a Digital Audio Mixer Capable of Re-ceiving Eight Audio Signals and output the Com-bined Audio Signal (Muhammad Mushtaq , HamzaAli Khan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Design and Development of Reliable Video Link forbeyond Line of Sight UAV (Jahanzaib Khalid ,Shakib Raza ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Fault Diagnosis Of Electronic Printed Boards (PCBs)Using Machine Learning Techniques (Hammad Saleem, Adil Mumtaz ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Design and Development of s-band Phased Array An-tenna (M. Sarmad , M. Usama Khan ) . . . . . . 56

Simulation Of Aircraft Eletromagnetic Environment ToCompute EMC Test Conditions (Nimra ArshadQureshi , Nehal Akram ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Roadside Radar for Simultaneous Multiple Target De-tection using Pulse Doppler Technique (MahnoorIzhar , Misbah Mazhar , Tayyaba Suleman ) . . . 57

Design and Development of a General-Purpose Inter-face Board Capable of Receiving & TransmittingData Using Various Protocols - RS-232, RS-485 &ARINC-429 (Akhtar Ali , Hassan Mujtaba ) . . . 58

Development of customized board with RS-422, USBand Ethernet interfaces for communication withMission computer (WMMC) (Hamza Babur , Muham-mad Zawar Hassan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Analyzing Aerodynamic Variables Using Analytical Tech-nique (Shaheryar Ahmed Baig , Wahaj AhmedKhan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

Materials Science and Engineering 61

Cause of Failures in Impact Extruded Aluminum Slugs& Its Successful Development (Adam , Ahmed Min-haj Mirza ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

xv

Enhancement of sound absorbing coefficient of PU foamby using natural fibers and industrial wastes (AhmedAli Paracha , Jahanzeb Ahmad , Kashif Naveed ) 62

Study and Characterization of HVOF (High-VelocityOxy Fuel) Sprayed Ceramic Coating (Abdullah Riaz, Asim Touseef ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Synthesis of various Nano structured Germanium/GemaniumOxide Films For Opto-Electronic Application us-ing Spin Coating Technique (Muhammad DanishShafique , Junaid Nazir , Abdul Faheem Khan ) . 63

Development and Characterization of Ag2S-SensitizedZnO Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Applica-tion (Syed Jazib Abbas Zaidi , Summal Zoha ,Muneeb Ahmed , Muhammad Abdul Basit ) . . . 64

Categorization of Defects in Thick Pipes of Age-HardenableAluminum Alloy Based on Ultrasonic Detectionand Microscopic Studies (L Batool , Z Nawaz , IJahangir , Z Abbasi , A Tauqir ) . . . . . . . . . 65

Comparing the deposition of CdS Quantum dots onvarious nanostructured ZnO Morphologies (MoizKhan , Muhammad Haris Khan , Muhammad Ab-dul Basit ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Design and Characterization of Multilayer Thin FilmOptical Filter (Nimra Khalid Mahmood , Muham-mad Rizwan Saleem ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Synthesis and Electrochemical Propterties of Tin Selenide-based Materials: Sn1-xCuxSe (Muhammad H. Ash-faq , Rabeet Ahmed , Sajid Butt ) . . . . . . . . . 67

Optoelectronic Properties of Group II and VI for Win-dow Layer Application (Saba Sohail , Rania Malik, Sajid Butt ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Recovery and analysis of metal based sulfides of SILARprocess residue (Saira Zahid , Zeeshan Tariq ,Muhammad Abdul Basit ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

xvi

Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Brick by Using WasteMaterials (Umair Javed Khan , Shazaib Umer ,Kashif Naveed ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Rapid Biosynthesis and Characterization of Nanoparti-cles from Local Plants (Usama Qamar Satti , BilalAhmad , Sami Ur Rehman , Dr. Uzma Shaukat ) 71

Fabrication of graphene oxide using cost-effective tech-nique for super capacitor application (Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar , Sidra Batool , Abdul Faheem Khan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Crack Repairing of Aluminum Alloy by Reinforcementof Al2O3 Particles Using Friction Stir Processing(Z. Masroor, , A. Rauf , F. Mustafa , S.W. Hu-sain ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Dual-Mode Triboelectric Nano-generator for harvestingEnergy (Syed Abbas Raza , Sufyan Jawed , M.Imran Khan , Mairaj Ahmed , Nayab Jamal ) . . 74

Nano-Hydroxyapatite reinforced Titanium-Nickel BasedComposites for Bio-Medical Applications (Syed Ab-bas Raza , Muhammad Umair M. Imran Khan ,Ahmed Kathia , Sohail Khan , Waqas Afridi ) . 75

Upgradation study of low grade Magnetite Iron orefrom Bajaur Agency through gravity and mag-netic Separation (Aftab Khan , Nisar Muhammad) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Titanium-Nickel Shape Memory Alloy Reinforced withZirconium Dioxide by Powder Metallurgy Route(Mairaj Ahmed , Syed Abbas Raza Imran Khan ,Malik Hassan , Danish Tahir , Asim Altaf ) . . . 76

Aeronautics and Astronautics 79

Aerodynamic Optimization of UCAV using Vortex Lat-tice Method (Ali Amjad, Fahad Ahmed , AsimShehzad ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

xvii

Design and Implementation of Flight Control Systemin a MALE UAV (Ali Zunair, Muhammad UmerHabib , Abeera Aimen ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Design and Analysis of Heat Exchanger for Weight Re-duction of Pressure Fed System Using CryogenicHelium (Abdul Rehman, Zain Ali Shabbir , Dr Ih-tazaz Qamar ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Design and 3D Analysis of Ocean Wave Turbine (KanzaRamzan, Haroon Javed ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Design and RCS optimization of UCAV (Hamza Tahir,Usman Tariq , Asim Shehzad ) . . . . . . . . . . 82

Detumbling of ICUBE-2 using Magnetic Actuator (Muham-mad Hassan , Talah Kaleem ) . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Flight Simulation of a Generic Aircraft in Modelica andComparison with MATLAB (Muhammad Salman, Abdul Munaim ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Design of a Regulatable Pintle Injector (Nimra Saba ) 84

Acoustic damping in a combustion chamber of liquidrocket engine (Zainab Amjad , Ahmed Saleem ,Ihtazaz Qamar ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

Design And Anlysis Of High Pressure Ratio TransonicFan Stage (Mazee Tariq, Armam Saroia ) . . . . 86

System Level Design Of Small Ramjet Engine (Anwarul Haq , Aqib Ijaz ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Design and Development of Ignition Torch for Semi-Cryogenic Rocket Engine (Muzzaffar Ahmed ) . . 88

Internal Structure Design and Analysis of MALE UCAV,along with its Landing Gear Design and MaterialSelection (Misbah Nasir , Muhammad Suleman ,Abdullah Zeeshan ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Development of a Computer Code for Designing a GasTurbine Combustor, Modeling of Combustor andAnalysis of Designed Model (Muhammad AbdulWasay , Hafiz Ahsan , Khalid Pervez ) . . . . . 90

xviii

Design And Development Of A Gas Generator UsingCircumferential Quenching Jets (Muhammad Ar-slan Ashraf , Shadab Ijaz ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 91

Design and Modeling of a Ducted-fan UAV (Faiqa Ba-harat , M. Hassan , M. Farooq ) . . . . . . . . . 92

Design and Modeling of a Ducted-fan UAV Modelingand Linear Control System Design for Microquad-copter (Junaid Iqbal , Mazdak Shakeel , Muham-mad Sadiq ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Matlab Based Software for Aircraft Wings StructuralAnalysis and Design (Saad Anjum , Shoaib Bilal ) 94

Rim Rotor Rotary Ramjet Aerodynamic Design andAnalysis (Zaid Ameen , Kashif Ahmed , KhalidPervez ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of Small Hydro Vor-tex Turbine (Raja Noman Haider , Usman Ahmed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Geometric Sensitivity of Static Equivalent ModelingTechniques for Honeycomb Cores. (Maha Batool, Nayab Saeed ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Design Modification of Rolling Airframe Projectile byIncreasing Number of Tail Stabilizing Fins (UmerKhalid , Muhammad Kashif Rasheed ) . . . . . . 98

Design, Development and Testing of a Gas-Liquid In-jection System for a Staged Combustion Main Cham-ber (Fatima tuz Zehra , M. Rehan Ahmed ) . . . 99

CFD analysis of an Unmanned Combat Aerovehicle(Yousaf Hummayun, Kashif Hameed Khan , UroojKaleem ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Conceptual Design And Engine Selection Of MALEUCAV (Hafiza Hira Amin Khawaja, Khawar KhanNiazi , Anas Ghaffar ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aeroacoustics ofSubsonic Jets (Abdul Haseeb, Neha Asim Paracha, Waleed Nawaz Qaisrani ) . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

xix

Design and Analysis of Armour-Piercing Fin-StabilizedDiscarding Sabot (Muhammad Junaid Ali, AhmadRaza ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

Space Sciences 103Introduction to Quantization of gravity (Sultan Muham-

mad ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Chenab River Modeling using SWAT and finding Re-

turn Periods of Floods (Sehrish Fida , Mirza Ra-heel ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

Landslide Susceptibility Modeling: a case study of bal-akot valley (Muhammad zohaib , Dr. MuhammadShakir , Dr. Muhammad Farooq ) . . . . . . . . 105

xx

Keynote Speakers

Prof. Dr. Shoab Ahmed Khan

ProfessorDepartment of Computer & Software Engineering (CE & ME)

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

[email protected]

Dr. Imtnan ul Haq Qazi

Divisional HeadSpatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)

Space and Upper Atmosphere and Research Commission (SUPARCO)

Islamabad

Dr. Muhammad Aftab Akram

Assistant ProfessorSchool of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME)

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)

[email protected]

1

Electrical Engineering

SER: an inadequate measure, and ERP: anovel metric for randomness of Physical Layer

Security SRPC-084

Omar Ansari 1, Muhammad Amin1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Spacetechonlogy, Islamabad

Antenna Subset Modulation (ASM) is a type of DirectionalModulation Technique that achieves physical-layer security bygenerating direction-dependent constellation through random se-lection of unique antenna subsets for every symbol. This providesphysical layer security by distributing constellations randomlyin undesired directions. Currently, the randomness along eaves-droppers direction is represented using SER which is also opti-mized to increase physical layer transmission security in eaves-droppers direction. High value of SER depicts higher degree ofrandomness and thus high level of physical layer communicationsecurity. In this paper, image data has been analyzed and it hasbeen shown that despite high SER in undesired directions, thedata has low level of randomness in certain directions and the im-age can be reconstructed without any decryption. This indicatesthat Symbol Error Rate (SER) as a quantifier of physical layertransmission security in ASM is not accurate and reliable. Thispaper also proposes an alternate novel metric of physical-layer

3

randomness, namely Expected Randomness Parameter (ERP),that has been shown to represent the degree of randomness (levelof communication security at physical layer) by measuring dis-tance between expected values of statistical distribution of sym-bols in-phase and quadrature components.

Microcontrollers used for Motion Control inAutomatic Storage and Retrieval VehiclesSRPC-085

Manahil Shahzad 1, Mufeeza Anwar1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Spacetechonlogy, Islamabad

The purpose of this paper is to explain the reasoning behindthe usage of a microcontroller in an SRV. This study is relatedto the use of microcontrollers in automatic vehicles like SRV,as well as a comparative study between different types of mi-crocontrollers used in various AS/RSs. The data collected forthis paper has been taken from Google Scholar, research papersand IEEE papers published in the last several years. This paperwill describe in detail the comparison of the microcontrollers andresults i.e. which microcontroller is most suited for this applica-tion. The results will be useful for others who are new to this.

4

Mechanical Tennis Ball Thrower SRPC-086

Iqra Alvi1, Syeda Rida Zahra 1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of SpaceTechnology, Islamabad

The use of tennis ball machines have been increasingly seenin the last few years especially in western countries. The maintask is the selection of motor so that the efficient design can beimplemented with the required specifications. All dc motors withrequired specifications should be compared so that the purposeof using the motor (brushless dc motor ) can be understood asto why it should be chosen. A simple and cost efficient tennisball thrower is required that can throw the ball with variablespeed. A motor with high speed regulation is needed so that ef-ficient mechanism can be designed. Moreover, the selected motorshould be easily available in the market

Pacemaker (Heart Beat Regulator) SRPC-087

Nayab Matloob1, Muhammad Abdullah 1


Heart disease is one of the high death rates causing diseaseacross the world. In order to treat different type of heart relatedailments which include blockages and heart attacks etc., an exter-nal supportive device called Pacemaker is needed. Throughoutthe world Pacemaker is very expensive, causing it very difficultfor a normal income person to undergo its implantation. Tocater for this very problem, this research aims at developing acost effective Pacemaker by choosing between different availablecomponents. The hardware needs a software based test setupbecause of the delicacy of the device, as it cannot be tested di-rectly on human heart. This software based test will be carried

5

on MATLAB by evaluating the mathematical model of the totalartificial heart (TAH).

IOT Based City water Monitoring SystemSRPC-088

Saad Aziz1, M Khizer Ali 1


Water is an important resource for survival of life. Unfortu-nately, due to pollution and poor infrastructure, the quality ofwater has constantly been deteriorating in cities. Hence, to mon-itor the quality of water in real time, an IoT based water mon-itoring system has been devised. This system can be installedin water storage tanks across the city. The data obtained is col-lected through sensors and parameters are monitored throughthe web interface. The developed system consist of water qualitysensors like pH, TDS (Total dissolved solids), turbidity, temper-ature and Water level sensor. These sensors have been interfacedwith Arduino uno board. Moreover, the water flowing into thetank can also be controlled through the web interface.

6

Non-Invasive Glucometer Using Near InfraredSpectroscopy SRPC-089

Ahmad Raza Awan 1, Ammar Mazhar 1


Diabetes is a disease which is influencing more than 285 mil-lion individuals all around as per gauges by the global diabetesFedera-tion (IDF). It is a metabolic condition which influencesother organs of the human body if it isn’t analyzed and treatedon time. Regular monitoring of blood glucose concentration isrequired. The current procedures which are utilized are obtru-sive in which blood is drawn from the finger which is to a greatdegree uneasy for the majority of the general population and cancause contaminations, illnesses and calluses on the skin. There-fore there is a need to de-velop a non-invasive technique so thatpeople can regularly meas-ure their blood glucose without muchhindrance. Recently research is going on near infrared spec-troscopy and it is expected that through near infrared radiationswe can measure the glucose level. The design consists of infraredLEDs of wavelength in near infra-red region and a receiver photo-diode of wavelength range 350 to 1100 nm. The transmitter andreceiver pair is placed over the finger to measure glucose level.The glucose concentration is determined by the intensity of thereflected light in blood as well as refracted light. The signal isthen fed into an amplifier which amplifies the signal and thenthe signal is fed into a peak detection circuit that determinesthe maximum peak obtained, after reflection or refrac-tion. Amicrocontroller is also used which displays the voltage level onthe screen. After analyzing the variation in voltages received theglucose level is then going to be predicted

7

Urdu Speech Recognition Feature ExtractionTechnique Using Neural NetworksSRPC-090

Mahnoor Shams 1, Nooh Ahmed Sial1


With the advent of technology human-machine interactionhave become significant in different systems application. Speechrecognition modules are been popularly embedded in differentapplications. This research paper carries out the comparison ofthe recognition rates achieved by the five most commonly usedfeature extraction techniques named as MEL Frequency Cep-stral Coefficient, Short Time Fourier Transform, Linear Predic-tive Coding, Discrete Wavelet Transform and Perceptual LinearPrediction to find out the suitable technique for Urdu languagespeech recognition. After carrying out the analysis, it was foundthat Discrete wavelet transform will be the most suitable andefficient technique for Urdu language because of its high recog-nition rate of more than 95 percent for different languages indifferent application systems.

A Novel Technique for Detection and Trackingof a Friendly Target Using Bistatic SARSRPC-091

Sadaf Ahsan 1, Muhammad Ali Afzal 1


This research paper presents a new method for position track-ing of friendly target (person or vehicle) using Synthetic Aper-ture Radar (SAR) satellite. The proposed system overcomes theweakness of jamming in GPS tracking and high maintenance costin case of local beacon tracking. The system detects a friendlytarget using the spaceborne/airborne bistatic SAR with the help

8

of an encoding reflector. An Encoding reflector is used to in-crease the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of friendly target and todistinguish it from other objects. Reflector reflects the radiowaves coming from spaceborne/airborne transmitter and directsthem to the receiver on ground.

Single Phase Smart Energy Metering System SRPC-092

Muhammad Usman Ahmad 1, Ansar Shabir 1


The energy resource management is a major concern world-wide. This paper is based on GSM based smart energy meter-ing system for remote monitoring and controlling of the powerconsumption patterns and energy billing. The proposed systemutilizes remote communication with use of GSM module. Thecalculations related power consumption are made through a dig-ital energy meter in terms of units and are passed on to the GSMmodule which acts as Data Forwarder. The GSM module willtransmit the data to the supplier end. So the whole proposedmethod will function in two way communication as GSM mod-ule facilitates bidirectional communication. All details relatedthe hardware and software are discussed in this paper. The ben-efits associated with this system are many, such as remote (wire-less) communication, accuracy, global coverage range, minimalpower loss in devices used. The information related power con-sumption is transmitted at the supplier end where it is storedand utilized for future references and customer billing system.The proposed communication infrastructure equipped with SMStechnology provides fast and efficient assurance of these mea-sures.

9

Solid State Voltage Stabilizer using InsulatedGate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)SRPC-093

Muhammad Usman Asif 1, Sana Asif 1


The ongoing technology of voltage stabilizers which are com-monly used nowadays in commercial/industrial sector and forhouses is Relay based or Servo voltage stabilizers. Their work-ing range in terms of voltage is 90V-280V or 150V-240V. Thesestabilizers (Servo Voltage stabilizers or SVS) although are alsomanufactured until today but the technology they used is nowoutdated and obsolete. The latest technology introduced notonly eliminates the voltage fluctuation issues, it also excludesthe maintenance issues of the moving parts in servo voltage sta-bilizers. This latest technology is Static/Solid State Voltage sta-bilization. This type of stabilizer will have no moving parts likeelectro-mechanical relays or servo motor. It will use solid stateswitches i.e. IGBTs to regulate the output voltages and will haveno wear and tear, also its error correction/response time will bemuch faster as compared with existing conventional stabilizers.As this type of stabilizer uses IGBTs so it has extremely high re-sponse time prior to outdated servo voltage stabilizer [10]. Thisresearch paper will cover the Static voltage stabilizer that is con-trolled by PIC micro-controller and the voltage fluctuations arecontrolled with a Buck-Boost Transformer.

10

Electric Bicycle using BLDC Motor SRPC-094

Sheikh Hamza Naeem 1, Muhammad Furqan Asad 1


Energy crisis and pollution control are most important &emerging issues of the world. It is desired to build up pollutionfree energetic system that would overcome these major issues.The above task is accomplished using E-bike with regenerationof Energy. Cost effectiveness is another benefit of the proposedsystem. The proposed system has number of advantages such asascending upwards at cost of stored energy while storing the en-ergy via alternative route. This report defines the developmentof design, planning, modifying and testing an electric bicycle. Itdelivers a lot of details of modifying a present mechanical systemto the one that is constructed on both a set of electromechani-cal system that provide assists as well as human force. Throughthe electro mechanical design, with various inputs and differentchannels of non-human feedback, a major challenge is to cen-tralize control for the structure. Once making the conditions forefficiency, speed, weight and control we start choosing parts ofthe process and to develop prototypes for how the complete sys-tem, which includes rider will be joined in a technique thats safeand easy in use.

11

GPS Based Autonomous RoverSRPC-095

Muhammad Sufyan Arshad 1, Ijlal Hussain 1


Autonomous navigation systems are currently receiving ma-jor interest in the field of robotics. Suggested study consists of arover which autonomously navigates through the coordinates ofthe path and reaches the destination. The path to be followedby the rover along with the destination is fed as path file. Userselects the destination point on the user application, which bypath finding algorithm, creates the path file and this file is fedto rover using the server. Real time location of the rover is alsomonitored. All of this happens on the user end. Project usesArduino along with the motor drivers, compass, accelerometerand a front axial turning rover to replicate working of a real car.Rover compares its current position with the path coordinatesand navigates using accelerometer aided GPS navigation systemand compass data avoiding obstacles. Camera is interacted totake pictures remotely. Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect theobstacle and the road edges to keep it on track. Proposed sys-tem of navigation has been tested and verified in the premises ofinstitute of space technology.

12

Prepaid Energy Meter using GSM SRPC-096

Sher Yar Khan 1, Mohsin Abbas Zafar 1


In the present era, most of the developed countries are movingtowards the implementation of prepaid energy metering system.As there are different issues in the conventional billing system.The error can be in the electromechanical meters or it can bea human error while taking the reading. Smart meters are asolution to the financial loses as well as electricity loses facedby a country nowadays. The prepaid energy meters will makethe consumer enable to manage its electricity consumption effec-tively. The issue for the developing countries is that the prepaidmeters are infeasible because of their high cost. In this paper adesign of prepaid energy meter is proposed to overcome the prob-lem faced by the country. This meter is based on a GSM moduleinteracted with Arduino which will work based on prepaymentof the units which will be consumed by the user. Arduino willenable or disable the connection of electricity based on the bal-ance in the users account. The consumer will be informed aboutthe low balance in the account and to recharge account to useelectricity. Moreover, it will provide a web portal to the user tomanage the electricity usage effectively.

13

8b/10b Encoding Decoding in Fibre ChannelTechnologySRPC-097

Hassaan Saeed 1, Muhammad Huzaifah 1


In order to resolve the problem of unbalanced code flow,8b/10b encoding is employed. The features of 8b/10b encod-ing scheme are discussed. History of encoding schemes is brieflydiscussed. 8b/10b encoding is briefly compared with other en-coding schemes. This paper analyses the advantages of 8b/10bencoding scheme in Fibre Channel technology. This paper alsodiscusses the implementation of 8b/10b encoding in Fibre Chan-nel. 8b/10b encoding scheme is widely used in digital systemsdue to its many other advantages. Fibre channel specifies use of8b/10b code as its frame transfer transmission code.

Home Energy Management SystemSRPC-098

Zulkifal Shah 1, Noman ur Rehman 1


There has been a focus in the power industry to reduce thedemand on the grid during times of peak energy uses. This haslead power provider to find new approaches for balancing the loadand improving reliability. Home Energy Management Systemalso includes solar panel as renewable energy source and batteriesfor storing the charges. It is a product that monitors, manageand control the energy in homes. Arduino is used for controllingand routing electricity to loads. This system set the devices tooperate on the schedule, priorities and power consumption.

14

Design and Implementation of MPPTController for Solar VFD SRPC-099

Sajjal Afzal 1, Abdullah Tahir 1


The use of renewable energy sources has been significantlyincreased in the past decade in which the use of solar energy isthe most common one. But the amount of power generated fromthe PV arrays (solar power) changes with change in temperature,irradiance and weather conditions. To overcome the nonlinearcharacteristics of the PV array and generate maximum availableenergy from the PV array under changing temperature and ir-radiance, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithmshave been developed. Several different MPPT algorithms havebeen developed in the past which differ on the basis of their ef-fectiveness, accuracy, cost of implementation, convergence speed,hardware requirement etc. This paper presents the comparativeanalysis of the two most commonly used MPPT algorithms thatare perturb and observe method and incremental conductancemethod.

An Automated Attendance ManagementSystem based on Deep Face Recognition SRPC-100

Maheen Zulfiqar 1, Fatima Syed 1


Face is one of the most widely used biometrics for humanidentity authentication. Facial recognition has remained an in-teresting and active research area in the past several decadesdue to its ever growing applications in biometric authentication,content based data retrieval, video surveillance, access control

15

and social media. Unlike other biometric systems, facial recog-nition based systems work independently without involving theindividual, due to which it does not add unnecessary delay. Itsability of recognizing multiple persons at a time further adds toits speed. There are many face recognition methods based ontraditional machine learning that are available in the literature.Improvements are being made with the constant developmentsin computer vision and machine learning. However, most of thetraditional methods lack robustness against varying illumination,facial expression, scale, occlusions and pose. With the advent ofbig data and graphical computing, deep learning has impressivelyadvanced the traditional computer vision systems over the pastdecade. In this paper, we present a convolutional neural networkbased face recognition system which automatically extracts fa-cial features from faces detected using Viola Jones face detectorfor face recognition. This study was carried out for the purposeof development of an automated university attendance system.A large database of facial images of students was created and itwas augmented in order to increase the number of images perstudent and to incorporate different illumination and noise con-ditions for optimal training of the convolutional neural network.Promising experimental results have been obtained on test im-ages, which depict the effective use of deep face recognition forbiometric authentication and automated attendance systems.

16

Fruit Sorting Machine Using Image processing SRPC-101

Usama shakoor 1, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab Abbas 1


Demand of fruits is increasing with the rise in population.GDP of the many countries rely upon its export. Major a partof GDP of Pakistan depends on its fruit export business. Thepresent quality detection, sortation & dispensing systems havethe downside of low yield, time consumption, high cost and com-plication (size, form and mark couldn’t be detected efficiently).The study purpose of machine-controlled fruit sorting using im-age process is to create higher the fruit sorting, quality and pro-duction and to cut back labor concentration. Its a necessity formachine-controlled system for proper, quick and quality featuredetection during which supported the results of image process-ing, dispensing of fruits are going to be done.

Robot Automation through Image SRPC-102

Kainnat Malik 1, Alina Muddassir 1


the main aim of robot automation through image processingis that, it does not require any sensor in order to operate a robot.So we are not bounded to operate robot from specified distances.Moreover robot automation is a time consuming and repeatingprocess in which we have to provide command one by one in or-der to operate robot manually.[1] So according to this idea robotis operated automatically. An algorithm is designed for process-ing it, in which instructions are not provided again and againfor motion detection. Rather it takes input from person stand-ing in front of webcam. Movement of a person is continuously

17

monitored and through this live feed movements are detectedby using algorithms of connected component analysis. This pro-cess automatically obtains positions and instructions are givenaccordingly to operate robot. Robot is integrated with softwarethat will automatically provide instructions to generate pulsewidth modulated waveforms to control speed of servo motorsand in turn move robotic arm.

Deployment of customized payloads using 3UCubeSat deployerSRPC-103

Muhammad Danish 1, Sharoon Barkat 1


the main objective of this research study is to design a de-ploying module within the 3U CubeSat structure and deploy cus-tomized payloads from CubeSat when its orbiting in particularorbit. This paper proposes a study on previous mechanisms thatuse lid opening for CubeSat deployment and which mechanismis best fitted within the dimension constraints of 3U CubeSat.It also discusses about the different mechanisms used for theseparation of payloads from each other when ejected from thedeployer. This paper will discuss about the problems relatedto the opening mechanism of deploying module implemented in3U CubeSat and propose the feasible solutions within dimen-sion constraints. This deployment module will provide a baseplatform for universities and organization to deploy their mini-customized payloads as technology is miniaturizing.

18

Speed Detection of Ground Moving Vehiclesusing GSM based Passive Radar SRPC-104

Muhammad Iqrash Talique 1, Umer Farooq 1


the main objective of this research study is to design a de-ploying module within the 3U CubeSat structure and deploy cus-tomized payloads from CubeSat when its orbiting in particularorbit. This paper proposes a study on previous mechanisms thatuse lid opening for CubeSat deployment and which mechanismis best fitted within the dimension constraints of 3U CubeSat.It also discusses about the different mechanisms used for theseparation of payloads from each other when ejected from thedeployer. This paper will discuss about the problems relatedto the opening mechanism of deploying module implemented in3U CubeSat and propose the feasible solutions within dimen-sion constraints. This deployment module will provide a baseplatform for universities and organization to deploy their mini-customized payloads as technology is miniaturizing.

Indoor Localization using LoRaWAN SRPC-105

Ali Yaseen 1, Sultan Khan 1


In the present era, internet of things (IOT) is prevailing verymuch in our daily life serving the concept of the smart appli-cations, in which one can operate remote objects from a distantplace. Real-time tracking (positioning) of the objects has becomea major concern in most of the prevailing researches. Many al-gorithms are being deployed using different wired and wirelessnetworking technologies like Wifi, Bluetooth or SigFox etc. But

19

the main issue concerning with these technologies is that theydo not fulfil the criteria of LPWAN, due to which there weremany other standards that had been raised to meet the require-ments of IOT. GPS is being used for the positing of devices inthe outdoor environment, but as far as the indoor environmentis concerned, this requires greater accuracy than outdoor envi-ronment due to limitation of space. LoRaWAN (Long range Lowpower wide area network) developed by SemtechTM is a MAClayer protocol developed primarily for the IOT devices. In thispaper, as based on the previous studies, the concept of indoortracking will be elaborated by implementing LoRaWAN networkin a large building.

Gesture Controlled Computer usingAccelerometerSRPC-106

Aneeqah Azmat 1, Jamil Sabir 1


this project mainly deals with the control of computer throughgesture. IR Sensors, Arduino Microcontroller, and Accelerome-ter and zigbee will be used to control computer. Data from IRsensor and accelerometer will be sent to Arduino Microcontrollerwhich will then go to the zigbee transmitter and zigbee transmit-ter will transmit the data, that data will be received my zigbeereceiver on the computer end. Therefore, making a Gesture Con-trolled Computer is very essential .This project will not only helpthe patients of ALS but will also open new areas of research infield of human machine interaction

20

IoT based Aquaponics System SRPC-107

Afaq Ahmed Bhatti 1, Aneesa 1


Aquaponics is termed as a process in which fish farming andsoilless vegetation (hydroponics) are combined in such a way thatthe waste produced by amphibious animals, which contains es-sential nutrients for the plants are provided to plants by usingwater as a medium. Currently the world is in great demand ofthe organic food and traditional farming is not capable to meetthe requirement organic food as it requires lot of land, water andsuitable environmental parameters. Considering, this approachwill require less land and the water will be continuously recy-cled so it will also use less water. The manual monitoring of thesystem will be very time consuming and inefficient which can becountered by using a system made up by using internet of things(IoT). This may extensively lessen the human intervention in theapproach and efficiency of the system will be increased to max-imum extent. By adding modern technology such as internetof things (IoT) in the system, a sustainable system will be de-veloped which can be planted in densely populated areas wherethere is shortage of water and land due to which they are notcapable to produce organic food using traditional methods. Thesystem proposed here will be compatible to monitor the systemby implementing some devices and sensors. The data collectedfrom sensor will be accessed automatically by Internet of things(IoT).

21

Architecuture of an Online MedicalManagement SystemSRPC-108

Usman Abdur Rehman 1, Faheem Abdullah 1


Medical management systems present as of right now are per-forming well in managing all the happenings inside the hospitallike dispatch of pay to all the doctors and staff working and man-aging other administrative issues. However the system doesntincorporate the three main stakeholders of any hospital. In thispaper we propose architecture of an Online medical manage-ment system which incorporate the three main stakeholders ofany hospital doctors, patients and pharmacists on a single plat-form. This form of architecture makes medical management awhole lot easier. Doctors can directly enter the prescription tothe patients account where it can be viewed from the patientsaccount.

Low Noise AmplifierSRPC-109

Hamid Iqbal 1, Ali Iqbal 1


The wireless communication industry is growing at a veryrapid rate now a day. The demand of low cost and high per-formance wireless front end antenna is also increasing with theincrease in wireless industry. Researchers are doing many re-searches on CMOS radio frequency (RF) front end antennas.The purpose of this project is to design a low noise amplifier(LNA) with a minimum possible low noise figure and high per-formance as much as possible. The main purpose is to design alow noise amplifier for the good performance of transmitter mod-ule or receiver module of radars, satellites etc. The frequency

22

range used for this design is 2.39 to 2.41 GHz. In this project,low noise amplifier is designed at central frequency of 2.4GHzwith a bandwidth of 20MHz. Due to the increase in the demandof the users, there is more need of cost efficient and a reliablesystem which can provide good services to the densely populatedareas. The main objective of the project is to design a low noiseamplifier at the receiving end of the antenna. The signal is re-ceived by the antenna at the receiver. It is then amplified by thelow noise amplifier. Low noise amplifier also affects the wholereceiving system as it is the first part of the receiving module.The low noise amplifier designed in this project is mainly for themicrowave frequencies and mainly focus on the noise figure andgain at the center frequency of the signal. The low noise ampli-fier increases the gain of the signal as much as possible by notaffecting the minimum noise figure required. The gain of the lownoise amplifier is sometimes compromised to get the minimumrequired noise figure. rescription to the patients account whereit can be viewed from the patients account.

Feed-Forward NN for Classification ofMalnutrition SRPC-001

Muhammad Zawish 1, Mehak Memon 1, Aisha Zahid Junejo 1,Aiman Khalil 1

1 Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Mehran Universityof Engineering & Technology, Pakistan

Tackling healthcare problems with machine learning tech-niques often faces the severity of real-world data in the properform, during the research experiment we invested most of ourtime in collecting, cleaning and formatting the data of 505 chil-dren affected by malnutrition at some extent. We trained a Feed-Forward Neural Network (also known as Multilayer Perceptron)which is a supervised type of Artificial Neural Network on thisdataset. The model was later validated with two most commonly

23

used techniques by AI researchers i.e. i) K-fold cross-validation,ii) Confusion Matrix. The evaluation based on both methodsrevealed that the solver lbfgs’ produces more promising resultsthan adam on dataset usually smaller than 1000 units. By usingthis solver, AI researchers can easily train Multilayer Perceptronmodels on lesser data and eventually obtain some better results

Reducing Electricity Bills for Industries andCommercial EstablishmentSRPC-002

Faizullah Mahar 1, Muhammad Mustafa 1

1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Balochistan University ofEngineering & Technology, Pakistan

Power factor saver is used for industries & commercial es-tablishment to reduce power loss by power factor compensationthrough a number of shunt capacitors. The power factor cor-rection of electrical loads has been remained a major problemfor industries. In early days the power factor correction wasmanually using capacitive load banks. In the proposed paperthe automated power factor corrector (APFC) using capacitiveload banks is discussed which is helpful in power factor correc-tion. The proposed automated project uses a microcontroller tomeasure the value of power factor from the load. The projectis designed in such a way that it will give approximately unitypower factor. Both software and hardware are required to adjustthe APFC. It helps us to improve the efficiency of the system

24

Economic Load Dispatch using EvolutionaryAlgorithms SRPC-005

Abdul Basit 1, Wasiq Hussain 1

1Department of Electrical Engineering, HITEC University, Taxila

This research work is on economic load dispatch that is theprocess of distributing load on the generators in such a way thatthe overall cost of the system is minimized. It is a very well-known problem in electrical engineering and have been solvedpreviously by optimization methods. In this paper, we have ap-plied hybrid strategy, comprising of an evolutionary algorithmand other standard optimization algorithms. Genetic algorithms(GA) & genetic hybridization with Pattern search, Fminunc, andFminsearch schemes are used. The results obtained from thesealgorithms are then compared with simple GA and each other.It is found that GA-Fminunc hybrid and GA-Fminsearch hybridis the best in terms of result.

Controlling system using Gestures SRPC-008

Amir Khan 1, Muhammad Gul 1, Aizaz Khan 1, Omar BinSamin 1

1 Institute of Management (IM) Sciences, Peshawar

In this paper, the cost effective module has been putted for-ward which will control the application of a system either a lap-top or a computer. The controlling will be done through cal-culating the distance between the hand and the sensors. Thismodule is consist of both Hardware and software modules. Thehardware module consists of Arduino and ultrasonic sensors, thesoftware module consists of python and Arduino IDE for con-trolling the Arduino. The distance calculation is done throughultrasonic sensors. Based on the data from the sensors if is fur-ther processed by the Arduino and python to perform the re-quired action. Communication is done through COM port of

25

the system for transmitting the data from sensors to computerfor processing

Air-WritingSRPC-009

Zabeeh Ullah 1, Huzaifa Salman 1, Uzair Muhammad 1, OmarBin Samin 1

1 Institute of Management (IM) Sciences, Peshawar

In this paper, we have design cost effective module throughwhich we can write freely in air. Our module is mainly based onhigh resolution cameras, voice recorder and the algorithm, whichis written in python. We are not using any depth sensors becausethey are cost effective. Our module work on hand gestures thecamera continuously capture the gestures hand. We have dividedour module in two parts one is for letter writing and other is forword writing. The camera capture the hand gestures, and afterthat it send for further processing. The algorithm take the inputand further do the processing after processing the valid outputis shown on the screen or interface. Our main module is consistof simple components which is cheap and efficient compared toother modules. We have also included the voice recorder whichmakes our design and module more efficient and accurate.

26

Client Server Communication Using Sockets SRPC-011

Alina Khan 1, Zarnain Haider 1

1Department of Computer Systems Engineering, University ofEngineering and Technology (UET), Peshawar, Pakistan

Server assigns the task of searching any given word / key tothe client and the client in return traverses through the path,which is also provided by the server, to search each file and subdirectory for the provided key. If found, the client, followingthe pattern of grep command of Linux, sends the whole linecontaining the key word to the server, which writes it to thestandard output. This searching utility can be significantly usedin to search any word / key anywhere in your machine. Now inorder to connect the server with a client Sockets are used

CodeGen: PL/SQL Code Generator forFraudlense Application SRPC-012

Ayesha Liaquat 1, Farah Batool 1, Sarah Mishal 1, AltafHussain 1

1 Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Computer Science and InformationTechnology, Kahuta, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

The software developers are focused in solving human prob-lems by automating the manual processes of every aspect ofhuman-life i.e., the academic and business solutions, healthcare,and Internet of Thing based home automation etc. This intent isaccomplished by enacting the designed algorithms in the softwaretools. One of the most hectic and timeconsuming tasks is theconversion of informal algorithms to an executable source code.The situation becomes more challenging and difficult when thealgorithms need to be automated more frequently. To addressthis problem, the CodeGen is proposed as an automatic codegeneration tool that creates the PL/SQL source code from an

27

algorithm that is input in the form of a simple flow chart. TheCodeGen enables the data modeler of Fraudlens [1] applicationto model the algorithm for a specific dataset (that is need to beaccessed) in a healthcare domain. These data models are usedas a basis for PL/SQL source code generation. In addition, thedata modeler can share and have technical discussion on theseflowcharts with all team members. Finally, the generated sourcecode will be send to developers for implementation in the appli-cation FraudLens [1

Analysis Of Multi Protocol Label Switching(MPLS ) Based Virtual Private Network

(VPN) Using VRFSRPC-013

Hasnat Masood 1, Laila Abeer 1, Hizbullah Jadoon 1


MPLS is a fast-developing technology which speeds up theflow of network traffic and allows support of Quality of Servicewhich utilizes small labels to carry data directly from source endsystem to destination end system, thus making it easier to man-age. The label-based switching technique is utilized by differentService Providers, Network Operators and often by data cen-ters to provide Virtual Private Network (VPN) services wherebyVPN is mainly used to change geographical location and IP ad-dress. Layer 3 MPLS VPN is a type of MPLS VPN whose corecomponent is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF). This pa-per includes the description of Multi-Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) technology and how packets are forwarded in MPLS.We focused on MPLS VPN which is a significant MPLS appli-cation which allows us to create private networks using MPLS.

28

Information Retrieval Using Natural LanguageProcessing SRPC-014

Salva Hasan 1, Saba Farman 1, Hajira Saadat 1


This technical paper presents a review on previous researchpapers based on information retrieval using natural languageprocessing. The problem of Natural Language Understandingis one of the first few problems that the researchers in Artificialintelligence had faced and were trying to solve, and our brain isthe best proof that the problem can be solved. In this paper wediscuss different models and possible solutions that have beenproposed by various researchers

Design of a Diffractive Spectrum SplittingSystem for Lateral Multijunction Photovoltaics

using Ray Tracing SRPC-015

Behlol Nawaz 1, Muhammad Rizwan Saleem 1, Nadia Shahzad1

1National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad

Solar power has the potential to fulfill a significant partof global energy needs and avoid the issues with conventionalenergy sources. Within solar power technologies, photovoltaics(PV) offer many advantages, but the efficiency of its single junc-tion variant is limited by the Shockley-Queisser limit and stackedmulti-junction (MJ) cells have their own manufacturing and eco-nomic hurdles. Spectrum splitting techniques have the potentialto overcome these challenges for MJ cells and provide high ef-ficiency panels, at a reasonable cost, for large scale use. Thispaper explores the design methodology of a solar spectrum split-ting system, aiming to design a compact, diffraction-based light

29

splitter for a given set of laterally arranged solar cells. A two-component spectrum splitting and concentration system is de-signed with a curved grating and focusing lens, for a two junction,Perovskite/Silicon cell combination, which achieves a reasonableseparation between the wavelength bands for the two cells

Parameter Design of Passive Power Filter ForPower System Harmonic MitigationSRPC-016

Muhammad Ammad Ali 1, Muhammad Uzair 1

1Electrical Engineering Department, HITEC University, Taxila

To improve the power quality is an important area of re-search. With the advancement in the modern technology, supplyof power with distortion is a significant problem. Therefore, har-monic mitigation is necessary to improve the quality of power.This paper is intended to design the constraints of passive fil-ters for harmonic mitigation to improve the quality of power byusing optimization technique. MATLAB/Simulink Software hasbeen used to design the values of a passive filters R-L and C todecrease the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value to the de-sired power quality standards and to implement Hybrid GeneticAlgorithm using fitness function.

30

Review on different techniques used forincreasing the efficiency of Solar System SRPC-018

Najeeb Uddin 1, Jamshid Bacha 1, Amjid Zia 1


Solar energy is the future of energy needs of the world becauseit is green energy and considered to be infinite while on theother hand, we will run out of petroleum energy one day. Themajor challenges in the solar energy is that it is less efficientas compared to the other energy sources and huge amount ofthe space has to be used to place the solar panels which resultsin deforestation and crops field areas to be used for solar panelplacement. In this paper we reviewed different techniques likeMPPT to improve the efficiency of the solar panel so that lessamount of the panels can be used for the same energy output.

Energy Efficient Master Privileged SlaveSuppressed Routing Protocol SRPC-019

Aamir Nazir Khan 1, Zubair Ayaz 1


The design of routing protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sen-sor Networks (UASNs) poses many challenges due to long propa-gation, high mobility, limited bandwidth, multi-path and Dopplereffect. Because of the void-hole caused by the uneven distribu-tion of nodes and sparse deployment, the selection of next hopforwarding nodes only based on the state of current node mayresult in the failure of forwarding in the local sparse region andwaste node energy. In order to reduce the probability of voidholes, reduce duplication of packets and to save energy in localsparse network. In this paper we are going to present a DBR pro-tocol. Which will choose the best forwarding nodes that leads to

31

minimum energy utilization whereas suppression of nodes andoptimization of path will take place. The tools which we aregoing to use are MATLAB, NS-3 and MS Visual.

Prognostic Maintenance of Hydropower subSystem Using Machine Learning AlgorithmSRPC-020

Azaz Rashid 1, Muhammad Bilal Rehman 1, Hamza Fazal 1


Machines now a days become more and more complex andwhen there is a fault occurs, it takes huge time and lot of moneyto fix. In our research, we have worked on the supervised Ma-chine Learning algorithm to predict the fault and make it easyfor engineers to understand the faults and make the machine runagain. In our experiments we will use Support Vector MachineAlgorithm for the classification of faulty and nonfaulty data anduse this data for the prediction of faults

32

MechanicalEngineering

Investigating the effectiveness of MetallicOxide Nano-fluids in Concentrating Solar

Collectors SRPC-110

Awais Siddique 1, M. Farhan 1, M. Shaban 1

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of SpaceTechnology, Islamabad

Solar energy is a permanent source of renewable energywhich can be collected and used for different domestic and indus-trial applications. Different types of solar collectors are used forthis purpose. Concentrating solar collectors concentrate the so-lar energy to achieve higher concentration ratios. Increasing thethermal effectiveness of concentrating solar collectors can eitherbe achieved by selecting and optimizing the design and geometryof solar collectors or increasing the thermal effectiveness of thefluid flowing in collectors. The enhanced thermo-physical andthermal properties of Metallic-oxide Nano-fluids can be utilizedin solar collectors to increase its effectiveness. The use of Nano-fluids in solar collectors is examined and discussed in this work.Moreover, this research study also investigates and compare theeffectiveness of different metallic-oxide Nano-fluids in concentrat-

33

ing solar collectors to enhance the thermal effectiveness of thesystems.

Design & Fabrication of Cylinder Head andCylinder Block of a Single Cylinder 4 Stroke

Internal Combustion EngineSRPC-111

Nasir Tariq 1


This paper presents an overview of work done in the designof the cylinder head and cylinder block of a single cylinder fourstroke internal combustion engine. The design of the cylinderhead and cylinder block is key to the performance and efficiencyof the internal combustion engine. The main areas of focus inthis research are the block type selection, determination of thecylinder liner wall thickness, determination of the cylinder headwall thickness, and the determination of the cylinder head studthickness. This research focuses on analytical methods to obtainthe required design parameters.

34

Design and Fabrication of a Piston of a SingleCylinder 4-Stroke Engine SRPC-112

Daud Raza 1, Dr. Owais-Ur-Rehman Shah 1


This paper is focused on the design and fabrication of apiston based on that of a 125 cc single cylinder engine piston.Analytical calculations have been undertaken to determine theamount of physical and thermal stress that can be absorbed bypiston, the piston rings and the pin. The piston is then modeledon SolidWorks and used to create a mold for casting. Oncethe model has been completed , the piston mold was casted inaluminium, which will further be cut on a CNC lathe Machinein order to provide a clean cut piston.

Experimental Study of the Tensile Propertiesof Glare FML, Arall FML, and FML Made

from Kevlar S Glass Hybrid Composite SRPC-113

Murtaza Khalil 1, Hamza Khan 1


Combination of Metals and Fibre materials are proven toproduce extraordinary results as compared to the individual prop-erties of those materials. This synergy has opened a lot of av-enues in the eld of Fibre Metal Laminates (FML) for areas re-quiring high performance applications. FMLs are subjected tovarious testing and are being considered for several applicationstoday due to the fact that they retain the positive properties ofthe metals while discard the negative aspects such as corrosionand fatigue. Aramid Fibre FML, Arall, and Glass Fibre FML,Glare, are one of the most commonly used FMLs in many in-dustries due to their enhanced properties and easier availability.

35

Both Glare and Arall have their own advantages and disadvan-tages when it comes to their applications. In this study, a hybridcomposite consisting of 3 layers of Kevlar and S Glass is devel-oped. A 3 layer orientation setup of Kevlar and Glass wasselected and the best combination was used to make a new FibreMetal Laminate. The study compares the tensile properties ofthe already existing FMLs and the developed one. The purposeof this study was to check that whether the synergy that existsbetween Fibres and Metals also exist among different bres in asimilar setup

CFD Simulation of Remotely OperatedUnderwater Vehicle (ROV)SRPC-114

M. Irtaza Rabbani 1, Abdullah Tariq 1


The concept of a robotic underwater vehicle capable to moveindependently, autonomously or remotely, has a great potentialand a large application. This kind of underwater vehicles areessential tools for providing safe access to the underwater world.The underwater vehicles are used in many underwater appli-cations including ocean research for taking samples, inspectionand repair different undersea structures. This paper providesCFD analysis for an underwater vehicle submerged in 1 m wa-ter depth. The purpose of CFD analysis is to determine thrustforce required for propeller selection. The model was designedin Solidworks and reiterated for drag optimization.

36

Design and Development of a ComputerNumeric Controlled 3D Printer, Laser Cutter

and 2D Plotter all in one machine SRPC-115

M. Ammar Khan 1, M. Talal Shahid 1, M. Zubair Khan 1


This paper proposes the technique used to design and developa Computer Numeric Controlled 3D Printer, Laser cutter and 2DPlotter all in one machine. The specialty of this machine is thatthe user will not have to change tool whenever he/she wantsto perform any other operation. So this machine can not only3D print an object it will also be able to laser cut (or engravethrough laser) an object and it will also produce 2D drawingfor particular object. Frame of the machine and the workingof the components will be based on the Cartesian type of 3Dprinters. It is a commercially viable and cost effective machine.The paper also describes the analysis and calculations performedfor the choice of different electrical and structural componentsof this machine.

Design and Analysis of a Novel Vertical AxisWater Turbine for Power Generation from

Water Pipelines SRPC-116

M. Ammar 1, Junaid Bashir 1, M. Zubair Khan 1


In todays world for improved water supply management weoften need some smart sensors which help in determining the dif-ferent factors like detrition of water mains, corrosion coefcients,surge pressure and several other factor. However a big challengeis to provide power to these sensors as electric power cannot be

37

supplied to some congested and remote locations. For that pur-pose a novel vertical axis water turbine was designed in orderto harness the electricity within the water pipelines and supplypower to the different monitoring sensors even in remote loca-tions. Different CAD models of turbine rotors were made andtheir CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models were stud-ied. Turbine with hollow shaft structure with eye shaped blockwithin the pipeline provide maximum power with least possiblepressure drop. The prototype of rotors was then fabricated usingCNC (Computer Numeric Control) and several other parts werethen assembled and tested in the laboratory facility. A powerof 50W was then extracted from the turbine for supply usingdifferent testing conditions.

Design and Development of Solar UnmannedAerial VehicleSRPC-117

Syed Arbab Ali sher 1, Shadab ud Din 1, Muhammad ZubairKhan 1


The main aim is to increase the ight time of a SUAV by usingsolar cells instead of conventional fuels because the conventionalfuels are costly pollutant and have a limited life. The future ismainly relying on using non-exhaustible source of energy.Solarenergy is one of the unlimited and renewable energy sources. Weare using solar energy by using solar cells without increasing anysignicant mass and complications of fuel system. This paper ismainly based on the research on using solar energy for aviationpurposes. Hence a plane is designed and its various aspects areanalyzed through different software and techniques the design isthen optimized starting from airfoil to complete structure for thebetter performance.

38

Design & Fabrication of Valve ActuationMechanism & Fuel Injection of 4 Stroke IC

Engine SRPC-118

Saif Ahmed Afridi 1, Dr Owais ur Rehman 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of SpaceTechnology, Islamabad

This paper focuses on the valve actuation mechanism de-signed to be incorporated in a 124cc 4 Stroke Internal Combus-tion (IC) Engine. The selected valve train configuration is Over-head Camshaft (OHC). The design process adapted for variousconstituting elements is discussed, which includes core elementssuch as valve lifts, camshaft, valve springs, chain, sprockets, andtappets. Complete calculations for each part are performed aswell. For valve timing charts and initial simulations, the useof LOTUS Engine Simulation software is made. In addition tothis, the fuel injection system to be installed in it, the SpeeduinoEFI Unit, is also briefly discussed along with potential algorithmoptions.

Design and Development of Car Front BumperUsing Composite Sandwich Panels SRPC-119

Syed Shayan Mustafa 1, Azm ul Haq 1, Muhammad ZubairKhan 1


The study regarding energy absorbing materials to increaseautomobile crashworthiness has been an important topic in pastfew years. Along with improving crashworthiness weight reduc-tion of automobile has been a concern for many automobile in-dustries. A car bumper is an important and rst component ofan automobile which experiences the impact during a front col-lision accident. Considering this bumper should be designed to

39

absorb kinetic energy in case of an impact. The purpose of thisstudy is to propose a material which has greater impact strengthand lesser weight as compared to existing one. This study com-pares the performance of an aluminum bumper with hybrid com-posite bumper. A hybrid composite sandwich bumper consist-ing of aluminum honey comb core and alternating Kevlar andglass ber layers on both sides was modelled on Ansys ACP. Thisbumper was subjected to static, and model analysis. The resultsof the analysis were compared with aluminum bumper subjectedto same loading.

Develpment of Speed and Traction ControlSystem for a 6-Wheeled Articulated RobotSRPC-120

Asfand Fida Abbasi 1, Muhammad Hassan 1


This paper focuses on presenting the details of a robot pro-totype that can navigate on rough surfaces, ascend and descendstairs and on sloping surfaces.Due to rapid advancement in robotics,presenting the new concept of the traction control system foran autonomous articulated robot. This type of system avoidsthe wheel slippage during acceleration and deceleration on All-Terrain surfaces. This system compares the information from onboard sensors on robot and the wheel velocities to minimize slipof the wheel.

40

Design and Testing of an Air ConditioningUnit for high humidity conditions SRPC-121

Taimoor Ahmed Khan 1, Ahmed Hamid Butt 1


This paper illustrates the model and the working of theair conditioning unit for high humidity environment. The in-vestigating methods includes the theoretical calculation, simula-tion results and the experimental verication. It has been foundthat the occupants feel thermally comfortable at a certain specicrange for the humidity. Any value above or below that specicpoint will affect the thermal comfort and cause a lot of troublefor occupants to sustain in that environment. The ideal relativehumidity for the human comfort is 35 percent. Commercial AirConditioners designed are manufactured and designed over theconcept of one size/design ts all. Since the purpose of air con-ditioner is to cool the environment so the technology availablein the market does not incorporate the humidity factor effec-tively. This paper deals with the control of the humidity in highhumidity and high temperature climatic regions.

Design of Cooling Pins for Single Cylinder4-Stroke Petrol Engine SRPC-122

Sadia Anum 1


The project described in this paper attempts to provide asingle cylinder engine, an air cooling mechanism comprised ofcooling pins at the outside wall instead of fins. The materialused for this cylinder is same as the material used in cylindershaving fins at the surface. The main objective is to achieve a heat

41

transfer surface area that is same as the total surface area of thecylinder with fins at outside wall. By modifying fins geometryinto pins helped in reducing weight of the engine providing nodecrease in heat transfer rate from outer surface of the cylinder.

Designing and Fabrication of Press-type PipeInspection RobotSRPC-123

M. Ehtasham Abdullah 1, Orangzaib 1


This project outlines the conceptual design of wall presstype pipe inspection robot. Pipe inspection robots are beingwidely used by both small and large scale industries where theinspection of the pipelines is done using the robots. Initiallyvarious types of robots that are currently being used, includingthe caterpillar, wheel type and without wheel type robots, arestudied and compared on the basis of design complexity, usage,ease of maintenance and fabrication.After analyzing these fac-tors thoroughly, wall press-type robot is selected to meet our naldeliverables. After the design-selection phase, material selectionwas done by keeping in view the strength requirement, ease offabrication and cost. Materials selected for fabrication includesPVC pipes, mild steel and aluminum. Modelling of the geome-try of robot is made in SOLID WORKS and selection of materialfor individual component of robot is made on the basis of men-tioned factors. After the modelling phase, Structural analysis ofdesigned geometry is performed using Ansys, Inc. software. AN-SYS results are used in theoretical calculations to calculate therequirement of power, torque to do inspection at specic speed.Microcontroller coding has been done in python and raspberryPI is used as an electronic interface. The nalized design is fab-ricated by keeping in view the requirements for the inspection.

42

Visual inspection technique has been successfully used for theinspection of pipelines using the robot.

Study of Mechanical Behaviour ofKevlar/Glass Fiber Hybrid Reinforced

polymer composites SRPC-124

Hamza Yonas 1, Syed Ali Hassan 1


Composite have been a subject of interest with various spe-cial types of advanced materials during the last decades. In-creasing demand for high-energy absorbing, lightweight struc-tures caused the need to develop such materials having superiormechanical properties than either of the constituents. This studyis focused on the development of a ve layered hybrid compositeof woven glass ber and Kevlar which will have high capacity ofabsorbing energy and will be used as a constituent for devel-oping a FML of high strain energy. Four possible layered weresimulated on ANSYS ACP-PRE, based on results, out of whichtwo were experimentally tested. Specimens were prepared byVARTM process and 3-point bend test was carried out and besthybrid composite in this work was selected for developing FML

43

Generation of Electricity using bladelessturbine by Vortex SheddingSRPC-125

M. Noman Sajjid 1, Jabbar Javed 1


The purpose of this research paper is to propose an efcientand suitable design of a vortex bladeless wind turbine. It usesradically a new approach as we harness energy from vortex shed-ding effect. When wind ows or bypass from a xed structure, window pattern changes and it generates a cyclic pattern of vorticesdue to which the structure starts to vibrate. Vortex sheddingeffect is avoided in most of the structures but in our case wewill maximize the use of vortex shedding effect to capture windenergy. Its design is completely different from a conventionalwind turbine as it does not have the usual tower, nacelle andblades. It consists of a conical mast which is completely light inweight made up of glass bre and a generator for the conversionof mechanical energy to electrical energy. It requires very lessspace as compared to conventional wind turbines. Four bladelesswind turbines can be installed in the same space as required byone conventional wind turbine. However, these turbines are lessefcient than conventional wind turbines. It has no moving partsso there is very less chance of mechanical failure.

44

Design and Development of Six Degrees ofFreedom(6DoF) Parallel Kinematic Mechanism

Based CNC Router SRPC-126

M. Talah Manzoor 1, M. Farhan Yousaf 1


This paper proposes a different method for designing and de-velopment of a six degrees of freedom (6DoF) Computer Numeri-cal Controlled (CNC) router based on Parallel kinematic mecha-nism of robotics.The working of the components will be based onthe Cartesian type of CNC machines (with X,Y and Z axis) witha different system to navigate and locate the machining headwithin the 3D space. By using this machine, the machinist willbe able to get faster machining of different parts. This machinewill have high structural rigidity, high exibility,low inertia,highdynamic capacity,high accuracy and a better payload-to-weightratio as compared to conventional CNC machines because of itsparallel mechanism. It is a nancially affordable and economicalmachine. The paper also describes the analysis performed formaterial selection and calculations on the basis of which dimen-sions and specications of electrical and structural componentswere selected.

45

Design, Analysis and Inverse Kinematics of360 Degree Flexible Drilling Robotic ArmSRPC-127

Abu Bakar Javed 1, Owais ur Rehman 1


The 360 Degrees flexible Drilling Robotic Arm is a conjunc-tion of drill machine and a robotic arm type structure. It is aCNC articulated manipulator with drill machine at its end ef-fector. The base of the machine when rested provides a flexiblerange of motion up to 360 degrees to the drill. The multipledegrees of freedom facilitate drilling in different directions. Thepurpose of the research paper is to purpose an appropriate designand material for the fabrication of the robotic arm. The roboticarm is designed on SOLIDWORKS 2017 and afterwards differ-ent ANSYS analysis are done to check the structural integrityutilizing two distinct materials i.e. Aluminium and Acrylic. Thepaper also discusses the essential inverse kinematic calculationsrequired for the motion of arm and the thrust force and torquerequired for drilling.

Investigation of Different Heat ExchangeSystems in a Thermoelectric Refrigerator and

their Influence on the EfficiencySRPC-007

Tahseen Kanwal 1, Hamza Rehman Saleemi 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineeringand Technology (UET), Lahore, Pakistan

Polio vaccines are considerably sensitive to temperature andenvironmental conditions. Storage and transportation of vac-cines without affecting their quality is a big challenge during thepolio vaccination campaign to remote areas. Different refriger-ation techniques used to keep items below the ambient temper-ature according to requirement. Solar Powered thermoelectric

46

refrigerator is a special type of refrigeration system which usessolar energy to run the thermo electric refrigeration module in-stead of conventional energy. The refrigerator would be a greatpotential for the cold storage in remote and outdoor conditionswhere the electricity supply is absent and conventional refriger-ation systems cannot be used. It has the advantages of beingportable, lightweight, reliable, low running cost, noiseless andalso low initial cost in mass production. The main disadvantageis that its COP is very low and it can be increased by improv-ing the design of Heat Exchanger. To tackle this challenge Pinfins is proved best solution for this system and it can further beimproved if we change the material

Numerical Analysis For Hot Rolled Steel/Steel(St/St) Bilayer Sheet in Single Point

Incremental Forming SRPC-021

Dr. Muhammad Ilyas 1, Malik Hassan 1, Aaqib Ali 1, Dr.Ghulam Hussain 1, Dr. Sohail Malik 1, Mairaj Ahmad 1, Abbas

Raza 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Institute ofEngineering Science and Technology, Topi, Swabi

Single Point Incremental Forming is a die-less stretch form-ing process that deforms the workpiece in term of localized de-formation. The formability of SPIF can be expressed as themaximum wall angle that the workpiece can withstand withoutfracture. In this study, finite element analysis is carried out onthe SPIF process of Steel / Steel (St/St) bilayer sheet metal.The output of the simulation is given in terms of displacementcurve as well as the state of stress, strain and thickness distribu-tion during the deformation. The detail of formability for St/Stbilayer sheet is obtained using the contour plot of stress. Themaximum stressed area obtained helps in determining the failureof the St/St layered metallic sheet during SPIF process.

47

Design and Analysis of an All-Terrain vehiclewith the four wheeler independent suspension

systemSRPC-027

Ali Raza Gul 1, Muhammad Muneeb Khan 1, Zeeshan Aslam 1

1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of SpaceTechnology, Islamabad

This paper is focused on design and analysis of an all-terrainvehicle with four wheeler independent suspension system. Theconversion of real dependant suspension system with indepen-dent suspension system will improve the vehicle’s stability andtraction. Improved traction will enable the vehicle to take turnsat higher speeds without turning over making it a reliable ve-hicle in case of any emergency on difficult terrains. Optimumconstraints are designed by reviewing the BAJA SAE rule book.Calculation for the transmission system, spring and ackermansteering are done. The paper also describes the analysis per-formed for selection of material and different components suspen-sion was designed on LOTUS suspension and analysis softwareand was made sure that suspension lies within the constraints.

48

Avionics Engineering

Vision based autonomous object tracking usingmulti-rotor UAV SRPC-128

Talah Farooq Hashmi 1, Abdullah Rashid 1, Waleed Khan 1,Adeel Yousaf 1

1 Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering, Instituteof Space Techonlogy, Islamabad

In this paper- we are presenting a real time method to de-tect and track an autonomous object using visual processing onunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using on-board companion com-puter (Jetson-TX1) for image processing. The profile of objects,frame rate of images and unexpected motion makes it hard to de-tect and track object for a long period. In order to cater this, wecame up with an algorithm which was developed for long termtracking which makes use of CSR-DCF (Discriminative corre-lation filter with Channel and Spatial Reliability). The majorrestriction of our algorithm arises in the presence of occlusion,which was solved by creating a region of interest in center offrame in which the object will reside at all times. If the objectexits the center region a command of left, right, top or bot-tom will be generated in accordance with the position of objectrelative to our center position. These commands will be com-municated to UAV via Mavlink protocol. Experimental resultsshow that we have achieved a long period tracking with a good

49

frame rate and eliminating spurious events and misdetections

Autonomous UAVs Swarm Navigation usingMixed Integer Quadratic Programming

(MIQP) Algorithm for Application in DronePerformance and Light Shows.SRPC-129

Faiza Ali 1, Mehran Khan 1

1Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Engineering, Instituteof Space Techonlogy, Islamabad

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and drones are a transpiring tech-nology providing new options and opportunities for applicationshaving novelty, efficiency and effectiveness in overall process man-agement in the fields regarding public security, cellular networks,entertainment and surveillance etc. Multiple UAVs, operatingin coordination, offer many advantages compared to a singleUAV such as reliability, work efficiency and reduced time tocompletion. In the scope of this project, we start with the im-plementation of a centralized leader-follower swarm strategy formultiple quadrotors UAVs. Attitude & stability of individualUAV is achieved using existing open-source flight control sys-tems. The formation strategy and position control are ensuredthrough MIQP algorithm based high level controller designedand integrated into the GCS software. Multiple SWARM strate-gies implemented within the scope of this project focus on use ofUAV swarms in new entertainment avenues like light shows anddrone performances.

50

Design and Development of CAN Bus basedsystem for BLOS UAV SRPC-130

Muhammad Usama Nasir 1, Humayun Ahmed 1


Avionics data buses are key components in making digitalavionics a reality and defining overall system architecture. Con-troller Area Network (CAN) Bus is a multicast (multi master)based serial communication protocol which is widely used for itsreal time control and reliability. CAN bus is primarily used forintegrating avionics systems of small aircraft and UAV. This pa-per presents work done to form a federated architecture for UAVavionics system using a CAN Bus in a scalable manner. The keyprocessing components in the system are IMU, GPS, Proximityand Temperature sensor, their hardware and software develop-ment and interfacing methodology is explained. This system willhelp students of Avionics Engineering to analyze functioning ofavionics data bus and interface more avionics systems to thisnetwork to enhance its functionality.

Design and implementation of an obstacledetection and avoidance system on an

autonomous UAV SRPC-132

Zarar Younis 1, Mostafa Ali Khan 1


Obstacle detection and avoidance is an important require-ment for any type of autonomous flight system. Although mul-tiple solutions for obstacle detection and collision avoidance ofUAVs exist, they suffer from different drawbacks. We will bepresenting the design and implementation of an autonomous ob-stacle detection and avoidance system that utilizes stereo vision

51

based depth mapping and uses low cost infrared based time offlight sensors/ infrared range finders as redundancy. The sys-temalso includes an autonomous control structure which usesthree dimensional depth maps to generate movement vectors foravoidance. As a result of our methodology, the proposed UAVsystem will be cost effective and capable of more complex andpowerful distance controlled collision avoidance in comparisonto other existing solutions. Other comparable solutions and sys-tems designed for obstacle avoidance and their drawbacks willalso be discussed.

Development and Design of Efficient CellPhone JammerSRPC-133

Usama Naeem 1, Umair Abbas 1


Use of mobile phones has become an integral part of our life.However, their increasing use has become a menace at placeswhere mobile phones cause disturbance to others. Clearly com-municated requests some people always choose to defy and usemobile phones in such venues. Thus the only available optionis to use mobile phone jammers. However, the advancementin mobile phone technology is perpetually making the availablejammers less and less effective. So an advanced and more ef-fective jammer is required for disrupting the communication be-tween base stations and the mobile phone devices. This researchpaper discusses the design and implementation of an effectivemobile phone communication jammer which supplements basicbrute force jammer with using GMSK modulation for jammingsignals which increases the efficiency of the jammer. The place-ment of jammer in relation to base station and mobile phone iscalculated as per jamming methods used in electronic warfare.

52

Simulations are done in order to show the working of the mo-bile phone jammer. The jammer is capable of jamming all thewireless communication operating in 2G, 3G and 4G bands. Theefficiency of jammer is judged by number of calls blocked takinginto account all service providers.

Development of a Digital Audio MixerCapable of Receiving Eight Audio Signals and

output the Combined Audio Signal SRPC-134

Muhammad Mushtaq 1, Hamza Ali Khan 1


The objective of the following paper is to design a generalpurpose digital audio mixer for live audio. Basic concept of theaudio mixer, difference between analog and digital audio mixeris discussed. The work methodology for the design and threeblock of the main board and their functionality is discussed. Thesignal conditioning of the circuit will be done using and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chip and an analog circuitry. Theflow control of the will be done by Time Division Multiplexing(TDM) using Arduino. The mixing of the signals will be doneusing a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) chip.

53

Design and Development of Reliable VideoLink for beyond Line of Sight UAVSRPC-135

Jahanzaib Khalid 1, Shakib Raza 1


The operation of BLOS UAV is greatly dependent on reliablevideo link. This paper presents the development of a video linkthat is resistant to noise and easy to implement. The projectincludes receiver, transmitter MODEMs and antenna develop-ment. This paper is a detailed description of the work and pro-cedures carried out for various tasks related to the design anddevelopment of video link for BLOS UAV. For basic simulations,MATLAB was used to carry out BPSK modulation and demod-ulation results. A low frequency wired BPSK modulator anddemodulator lab model was developed to validate modulation/ demodulation. The lab model was then upgraded to a wiredaudio link and subsequently configured for video signal. The ini-tial signal input is from an analog camera, BPSK technique isapplied to digitally modulate the signal. The BPSK modulatedsignal is then fed to the RF section which enables the signal tobe wirelessly transmitted through appropriate antenna. Systemtests are carried over 2-3 km distance.

54

Fault Diagnosis Of Electronic Printed Boards(PCBs) Using Machine Learning Techniques SRPC-136

Hammad Saleem 1, Adil Mumtaz 1


With the growth in the complexity of the electronic circuitboards; the testing or fault diagnosing of these boards has be-come a very challenging task. The large number of constituentcomponents in a printed circuit board, their internal complexityand lack of access rules out the traditional testing techniques.This paper presents a novel method of circuits fault diagnosisusing machine learning techniques mainly Artificial Neural Net-works (ANN).Thus instead of measuring voltages and currentsat a number of points, network parameters are measured at in-put and output. This data is then correlated to internal voltagesand currents as every component in an integrated circuit can-not be accessed. The correlation is carried out using ANN thatare one of the main elements of Artificial Intelligence. The faultdiagnostic system trained and tested using data obtained fromreal sample circuits, achieves 90 percent accuracy in identifyingthe faulty components

55

Design and Development of s-band PhasedArray AntennaSRPC-137

M. Sarmad 1, M. Usama Khan 1


The project presents design of S-band phased array antennabased on analogue varactor phase shifter. The antenna is anarray of four micro strip rectangular patches with T-junctionpower divider operating at 2.4 GHZ. It is known that varactordiodes can serve as phase shifting devices by varying the reversevoltage which is applied to it to change its capacitance. This canbe utilized to achieve the understanding of scanning antennas.Steering of main lobe direction is available by choosing appro-priate states of 4 phase shifters. Project includes the softwaresimulations, design of analogue varactor phase shifter and fabri-cation of phased array antenna

Simulation Of Aircraft EletromagneticEnvironment To Compute EMC Test

ConditionsSRPC-138

Nimra Arshad Qureshi 1, Nehal Akram 1


EMI problem is very severe in avionics equipment where notonly a number of electronic systems operate in a confined spacebut also the external Electromagnetic Environment (EME) isvery harsh due to presence of high power transmitters and moresignificantly lightning associated EM fields. Thus EMC testing ofaircraft is a complex and costly undertaking where during testingHigh Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF) of magnitudes compara-ble to actual conditions have to be generated. In recent past

56

an innovative approach has been formulated to make this test-ing easier to perform, namely Low Level Coupling (LLC) tests.Where transfer functions are computed through simulations thatcan predict the resultant surface currents and EM fields insidethe fuselage, which grossly lower magnitudes. Therefore, thetesting can be done at much lower levels. However, so far thetransfer functions computed by aviation regulatory authoritiesare generic in nature. This paper elaborates computation of morespecific transfer functions, taking into account the effect of addi-tional factors like apertures and orientation of wires, whereas theoriginal transfer function is dependent on fuselage length only.Results are computed through 3D EM simulations and presentedand analyzed.

Roadside Radar for Simultaneous MultipleTarget Detection using Pulse Doppler

Technique SRPC-139

Mahnoor Izhar 1, Misbah Mazhar 1, Tayyaba Suleman 1


This project focuses on how we will use Pulse Doppler tech-nique to make a radar for simultaneous multiple target detec-tion. This will cover how we will design fully functional radarusing pulse Doppler technique and we will detect multiple targetswith it simultaneously according to our set range and unambigu-ous range, transmitted power and PRF (Pulse Repetition Fre-quency). We have calculated our range according to the availablecomponents. We will be using CST software to design our filters(Low pass, band pass) and will design our pulse generator. Allthe remaining components are the RF components bought fromminicircuits. We will be using MATLAB and Proteus for all thedigital Processing of the signals.

57

Design and Development of a General-PurposeInterface Board Capable of Receiving &

Transmitting Data Using Various Protocols -RS-232, RS-485 & ARINC-429SRPC-140

Akhtar Ali 1, Hassan Mujtaba 1


Communication of data from cockpit of an aero vehicle tothe actuator is very crucial. The command sent by the pilotcan be corrupted during transmission if not properly sent. Fortesting purposes at lab, it is a tiring work to change the mod-ules again and again. This paper presents development of ageneral-purpose communication interface board that is capableof sending and receiving serial data using different protocols likeRS-232, RS-485 and ARINC 429. The interface board will beconnected to PC using USB interface and the data sent fromthe PC will be transmitted to external device using any oneof the protocols. Similarly, the data transmitted by the exter-nal device in any of the selected interface will be received bythe interface board and sent to the PC via USB. The interfaceboard and PC combination should be capable of receiving datathrough one protocol and retransmitting the same using anotherprotocol. This paper includes two parts: software control unitdesign and development and hardware implementation. For thedesign and development of Graphical User Interface (GUI) fordata communication, .NET language was used on Visual Studio2015 compiler. Arduino mega was used as a microcontroller andfor Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design, Ki Cad software wasused

58

Development of customized board withRS-422, USB and Ethernet interfaces forcommunication with Mission computer

(WMMC) SRPC-141

Hamza Babur 1, Muhammad Zawar Hassan 1


This project is aimed at the development of customized boardcontaining RS-422 USB and Ethernet interfaces for communica-tion with WMMC of fighter aircraft, and for transferring andreceiving mission data with better and faster interface, as com-pared to the previously used DTC system. Most of the projectis based on the Arduino and Arduino shields which provides therequired data transmission interfaces. Ethernet will allow thecomputer to connect with other interfaces and USB will providea better range of storage capacity than SD card, along with ahigh data transfer rate. This will speed up the data transfer pro-cess significantly. Future upgrades of the project will ensure amore high-speed interface and timely transfer of mission criticaldata as compared to the previous DTC system.

Analyzing Aerodynamic Variables UsingAnalytical Technique SRPC-017

Shaheryar Ahmed Baig 1, Wahaj Ahmed Khan 1

1 Department of Avionics Engineering, PAF- Karachi Institute ofEconomics and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan

The aerodynamical analysis of designed UAVs holds signif-icant importance as it reveals the aerodynamic stability coeffi-cients. It is important to do such analysis before the flight of theUAV, so that its efficiency, range, endurance and critical angleof attack can be predicted. This study discusses the analytical

59

approach of analysis of UAVs. For this purpose, two open sourcesoftware programs are used. XFLR5 is used for the analysis ofUAV and DATCOM is used for validation and to check the con-sistency of the results. The results are obtained in form of unitless coefficients i.e. coefficient of lift CL, coefficient of drag CDand coefficient of pitching moment Cm. Exact modelling of UAVon both software programs requires effort and holds significancein the results of simulation. The results depict the similaritybetween the outputs generated from both software programs,therefore suggesting that this approach is valid enough for anal-ysis of UAVs

60

Materials Science andEngineering

Cause of Failures in Impact ExtrudedAluminum Slugs & Its Successful Development SRPC-143

Adam 1, Ahmed Minhaj Mirza 1

1 Department of Material Science & Engineering, Institute of SpaceTechonlogy, Islamabad

Extruded aluminum slugs are used to form light weight bot-tles for a variety of applications. Repeated failures occurredduring impact extrusion process and present study is the failureanalysis of the extruded components followed by the requiredremedy and finally successful defect free development of the ex-truded components. Different necessary destructive and non-destructive techniques (DT and NDT) were used to investigatethe cause of failure. The basic problem in the material is itsnon-standard composition with elements other than aluminumaround fifteen percent. Material contains nonmetallic particlesenriched in potassium, calcium and chlorine indicating entrap-ment of fluxes. Based on the literature survey appropriate com-position was selected and slugs of the required dimensions areprepared; special dies were developed and forming cycle was es-tablished. The developed sample has passed the necessary labo-

61

ratory tests regarding chemical composition & mechanical prop-erties.

Enhancement of sound absorbing coefficient ofPU foam by using natural fibers and industrial

wastesSRPC-144

Ahmed Ali Paracha 1, Jahanzeb Ahmad 1, Kashif Naveed 1


In our research work we are using different natural fibers likewood, luffa cylindrica and industrial textile fibers as filler mate-rial in polyurethane foam to enhance its sound absorption. Ourstudy investigates the acoustics behavior of fiber filler of textilewaste, mahogany wood, and luffacylindrica -filled polyurethanefoam as a sound absorbing material. Three different thicknesseshave been selected which is 10 mm, 20 mm and 30 mm. Bychoosing percentage loading of both textile waste 5, 10, 15 and20 percent added with polymer foam is namely as polymer foam(PF) composites of PF5 percent, PF10 percent , PF15 percentand PF20 percent. Nowadays combinations of textile materi-als are common solutions in acoustics applications as absorbentacoustic materials. Researches developed previously makes pos-sible to assert that the nanofibers textile veils combined withthe textile wools, will improve the acoustic proprieties of the lat-ter. These kinds of Nano fibers textile veils are made with aprocess known as electro-spinning process. The sound absorp-tion coefficient () and pore structure of the foam samples will beexamine by using Impedance Tube test and Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM).

62

Study and Characterization of HVOF(High-Velocity Oxy Fuel) Sprayed Ceramic

Coating SRPC-145

Abdullah Riaz 1, Asim Touseef 1


The protection of metals from degradation and corrosion hasbeen a prime objective in recent years as metals are being usedin every field of life. Similarly the method used for this purposeshould be environmental friendly. The formerly used method toavoid these metal degradations of wear and corrosion producesCr+6 ions which are very toxic in nature and causes severe healthand environmental issues known as the Hard Chrome Plating(HCP). The study helps in understanding various mechanicalproperties of coated aluminum and mild steel samples and com-pares their properties for their use in future. The chromitecoated samples using HVOF technique were characterized us-ing SEM, XRD and EDS for the better understanding of theproperties.-146

Synthesis of various Nano structuredGermanium/Gemanium Oxide Films ForOpto-Electronic Application using Spin

Coating Technique SRPC-146

Muhammad Danish Shafique 1, Junaid Nazir 1, Abdul FaheemKhan 1


Impressive several folds improvement in Quantum Confine-ment and Band Gap Engineering is observed in Germanium and

63

Germanium Oxide Core/shell Composite Coating fabricated us-ing simple spin coating technique compared to previously re-ported results. Germanium is a shining element in opto-electronicapplication owing to its quantum confine-ability and higher elec-trical conductivities. Results of Ge/GeO2 have been analyzedusing Scanning Electron Microscopy which shows porosity in thefilms while maintaining Uniform particles coverage throughoutthe substrate. Similar phase presence is observed in the topo-graphical back scattered electron imaging. Energy DispersiveX-ray Spectroscopy has showed the presence of germanium andoxygen. X-ray Diffraction patterns showed the presence of Cu-bic Germanium and rutile Germanium Oxide. UV- Visible spec-troscopy showed the indirect band gap of 3.8eV at the film thick-ness of 100nm and 28 percent oxygen by weight.

Development and Characterization ofAg2S-Sensitized ZnO Nanocomposites for

Antimicrobial ApplicationSRPC-147

Syed Jazib Abbas Zaidi 1, Summal Zoha 1, Muneeb Ahmed 1,Muhammad Abdul Basit 1

1 Department of Material Science & Engineering, Institute of SpaceTechnology, Islamabad

Nanotechnology has enabled us to develop versatile nanoma-terials (NMs) for having antimicrobial characteristics. Owing tothe fact that silver (Ag)-based NMs exhibit noticeable antimi-crobial performance; we have introduced a novel as well as cost-efficient route to synthesize Ag2S sensitized ZnO (ZnO/Ag2S)nanocomposites (NCs) having controlled deposition of Ag2S overZnO hierarchical nanoflowers. We further performed qualitativeand quantitative characterization of NCs using scanning elec-tron microscopy and X-ray based energy dispersive and diffrac-tion spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity of ZnO/Ag2S NC

64

against E. Coli was determined and compared with ZnO, con-siderately. The NC exhibited significant ultraviolet protectiveability as well which reflected their potential for wound dressingapplication. Last but not the least, the biotechnological perfor-mance was envisioned and explained in detail with reference toreactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by Ag-based ZnO NCs.

Categorization of Defects in Thick Pipes ofAge-Hardenable Aluminum Alloy Based on

Ultrasonic Detection and Microscopic Studies SRPC-148

L Batool 1, Z Nawaz 1, I Jahangir 1, Z Abbasi 1, A Tauqir 1


Manufacturing of thick seamless pipes of age-hardenable alu-minum alloys are a specialized technology since their applicationis limited to specific hi-tech areas. Quality criteria for their in-spection are propriety items of the very few production facili-ties that develop these criteria inhouse. Present study relatesultrasonic signals reflecting back from non-continuities in thethickness of seamless pipes with their microstructural features.Detailed study of defects leads to the source of their formationand will ultimately help to systematically control them. Signalsfrom ultrasonic testing trace defects as UT waves reflect backfrom discontinuities in the material. Defective sections of seam-less pipes were cut with precision to reveal the defects. Thesectioned surfaces were subjected to metallographic preparationand revealed defects were studied using optical and scanningelectron microscopes.

65

Comparing the deposition of CdS Quantumdots on various nanostructured ZnO

MorphologiesSRPC-149

Moiz Khan 1, Muhammad Haris Khan 1, Muhammad AbdulBasit 1


Owing to the unique optical and electronic characteristics,ZnO hierarchical structures (HSs) have been vastly used in var-ious energy applications including photovoltaics. Quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) are an emerging photovoltaic tech-nology which associates with the deposition of metal chalco-genides on metal oxide semiconductors such as ZnO. In thiswork, we have compared various ZnO morphologies having dis-tinguished optical and electronic characteristics, revealing theirtendency for CdS quantum-dot (QD) deposition along with theresultant optoelectronic characteristics of ZnO-CdS nanocom-posites. Detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupledwith energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed thatZnO morphologies i.e., nanosheet-based flowers (SNFs), nanorod-based flowers (RNFs), nanodisks (NDs), nanorods (NRs), nanosheets(NSs) and nanochips (NCs) were successfully synthesized usingwet-chemical routes produced. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD) technique was used to differentiate the crystallographicspecifications of ZnO morphologies and subsequent CdS DQs de-position on them all. Lastly, the morphological influence of ZnOassociated with CdS deposition was discussed for revealing theoptical electrochemical behavior of all ZnO-CdS nanocomposites

66

Design and Characterization of MultilayerThin Film Optical Filter SRPC-150

Nimra Khalid Mahmood 1, Muhammad Rizwan Saleem 1


We investigate on the design of antireflection multilayer thinfilm for optical filtering purpose. Various optical material filmsare optimized and designed on silicon substrate based on refrac-tive indices, films thicknesses, and optical transmission response.The stacked-layer design is achieved and tuned using Film-Startool to yield transmission windows typically required for hyper-spectral imaging remote sensing applications for a scenario mod-eling. The fabricated thin film stack is characterized by FourierTransform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Synthesis and Electrochemical Propterties ofTin Selenide-based Materials: Sn1-xCuxSe SRPC-151

Muhammad H. Ashfaq 1, Rabeet Ahmed 1, Sajid Butt 1


Tin-Selinide (SnSe) being an important semiconductor com-pound is vastly helpful in energy storage and photovoltaic ap-plications. The reason behind is its unique electronic and op-toelectronic properties. In this work SnSe nanostructures wereproduced using facile chemical method without using any sur-factant, including selenium, tin chloride and sodium hydroxideas main materials. Crystallinity and morphology of the samplewere investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fieled emissionscanning electron microscopy (FESEM). To check electrochem-ical performance of material, cyclic voltammetry (CV) test isbeing done on SnSe and Sn0.9 Cu0.1 Se electrodes dipped in

67

basic electrolyte. Specific capacitance of about 11.71 F/g wasobtained using cyclic voltammogram curves of Sn0.9 Cu0.1 Sesample in comparison to pure SnSe, which is found to be prettygood in increasing cyclic stability of mater.

Optoelectronic Properties of Group II and VIfor Window Layer ApplicationSRPC-152

Saba Sohail 1, Rania Malik 1, Sajid Butt 1


CdS thin films are a promising candidate for window layerapplications in thin film solar cells. In the present work, CdSthin films were deposited on glass substrates via Successive IonicLayer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) process. The as-depositedfilms were characterized for structural, morphological and topo-graphical analysis through X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning ElectronMicroscope and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), respectively.AFM showed columnar growth mechanism of CdS particles onthe glass substrate. The results showed that non-uniform andporous films were obtained which could be further improvedupon optimizing the synthesis conditions. The as-deposited CdSthin films showed semiconducting behavior with electrons as themajority charge carriers.

68

Recovery and analysis of metal based sulfidesof SILAR process residue SRPC-153

Saira Zahid 1, Zeeshan Tariq 1, Muhammad Abdul Basit 1


Successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) tech-nique is vastly used to deposit good quality thin films on a varietyof substrates including nanoparticles (NPs), but it has a majorlimitation of under-utilization and wastage of expensive precur-sors those are toxic for environment as well. In this study, wehave demonstrated the salvaging of many under-utilized ionicprecursors used in SILAR, by producing the metal sulfide prod-ucts for energy efficient applications. At one hand, we recov-ered these ionic precursors in the form of PbS, CdS, ZnS NPsthrough a simple wet chemical route. While on the other handwe ensured the toxicity eliminated disposal of ionic precursorsthose initially contained toxic ions such as Pb2+ Cd+2, Zn+2etc. Materials characterization techniques such as TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD revealed the qualitative characteristics of allthese metal chalcogenides. Selected metal sulfides NPs were af-firmatively used for photocatalytic application. Our strategy notonly proved the effectual salvage of ionic precursors but it also af-firmed that SILAR-recovered metal sulfides exhibited significantperformance as photocatalysts.

69

Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Brick byUsing Waste MaterialsSRPC-154

Umair Javed Khan 1, Shazaib Umer 1, Kashif Naveed 1


Brick is a basic unit of construction. Pakistan is third largestcountry in terms of brick production in South Asian region. InPakistan, Brick kilns are producing traditional fired clay bricks.Keeping in view the energy crises in Pakistan, this study partic-ularly focuses on an alternate way that can be used for insulationof bricks, which will reduce energy consumption by slowing therate of heat transfer. Further, this study is focused on the pro-duction of energy efficient bricks. In this regard, fifteen differentbricks having diverse compositions were fabricated. Rice husk,Bagasse, Sugar Cane waste and their ashes, used tea, Styrofoam,Marble powder have been mixed with sand & soil. Moreover, wa-ter has been added as a binder. Afterwards, they were kept fordrying in an open atmosphere. After drying, they are sinteredin the brick kiln. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity of sam-ples were measured using ATPS (Advantageous Thermal PlaneSource). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterized themorphology and Universal Testing Machine (UTM) measuredcompressive strength. The results of study have revealed thatinsulated bricks are more energy efficient than the conventionalones, without or very little compromise in compressive strength

70

Rapid Biosynthesis and Characterization ofNanoparticles from Local Plants SRPC-155

Usama Qamar Satti 1, Bilal Ahmad 1, Sami Ur Rehman 1, Dr.Uzma Shaukat 1


Development of green nanotechnology has generated a lot ofinterest of researchers toward ecofriendly biosynthesis of nanopar-ticles. In this study, biosynthesis of stable silver and TiO2nanoparticles was done using Aloevera, Mint, Coriander andLemongrass leaves extract. These biosynthesized nanoparticleswere characterized with the help of UVvis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energydispersive X ray Spectra (EDX). Absorbance of bioreduced sil-ver nanoparticles was analyzed using UVvis absorption spectra.It was observed that leaves extracts can reduce silver ions intosilver nanoparticles within 20-30 mins of reaction time. Thus,this method can be used for rapid and ecofriendly biosynthesisof stable silver nanoparticles of size range 50-150 nm.

Fabrication of graphene oxide usingcost-effective technique for super capacitor

application SRPC-156

Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar 1, Sidra Batool 1, Abdul Faheem Khan 1


With the discovery of graphene, graphene oxide (GO) hasgained intense attention in recent years as a major precursor forsynthesis of graphene because of ease of functionalization andconvenient to process. The challenge was to produce low cost,

71

large scale, efficient and eco-friendly GO. In this study, graphitepowder of approximately 7m particle size has been oxidized toprepare GO through modified Hummers method. Various chemi-cals including KMnO4 (commercial grade purity), NaNO3, H2SO4and H2O2 have been used in this process. The resulting mix-ture is washed with 5 percent HCl and deionized water. Afterthe fabrication of GO, it was coated on glass substrate by spincoating technique under various rpm. The developed coatingswere further characterized by studying their structural, elec-trical, optical and thermal properties using energy dispersiveX-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffractometer, field emissionscanning electron microscopy (FESEM), two-point probe con-ductivity, UV-visible spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analy-sis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC).The elemental and morphology analysis of the coatings reflectsthe presence of carbon and oxygen indicating high oxidation ofgraphite with layers of various thicknesses in nanometer range.Structural analysis through XRD pattern show peak at 2 angle of10.3 degree which confirms the presence of GO. Thermal study offabricated GO shows major weight loss at temperature 171.33Cdue to exothermic reaction indicating GO reduction tempera-ture. The electrical conductivity has been found out to be 6.290x 102 m-1, determined using current voltage (I-V) curve. UV-Visspectra reflects that the transmittance of GO have 48 percent invisible range at 550nm wavelength and 80 percent transmittancein IR range. These coatings maybe employed for super capacitorapplication.

72

Crack Repairing of Aluminum Alloy byReinforcement of Al2O3 Particles Using

Friction Stir Processing SRPC-157

Z. Masroor, 1, A. Rauf 1, F. Mustafa 1, S.W. Husain 1


Aluminum Alloy 2024 is a widely used aluminum alloy in theaerospace, automobile and marine applications. It is an alloyof heat treatable series of aluminum. In this study Al-2024 wassubjected for the repairing of the crack using Friction Stir Pro-cessing (FSP) using Al2O3 as the reinforcement particles. Theprocessing was done at a tool rotation speed of 710 rpm and witha travel speed of 16mm/min. After the effective recovery of thecrack, the analysis was done on the parts without reinforcementand with the reinforcement of Al2O3 started from the visual in-spection and going towards the mechanical properties analysis,tensile test results indicate a reasonable increase in strength ascompared with the cracked sample. The micro hardness alsoincreased near the weld nugget. Optical microscopy (OM) andX-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was also performed for the microstruc-tural and intermetallics study. The uniform distribution of theparticles was the major factor for the increase in strength andhardness due the phenomena of dispersion strengthening. Theresults and the characterization indicate that the FSP processingof the crack was beneficial as compared to the complete replace-ment of the part and can opted as a potential technique in thefuture of various industries.

73

Dual-Mode Triboelectric Nano-generator forharvesting EnergySRPC-003

Syed Abbas Raza 1, Sufyan Jawed 1, M. Imran Khan 1, MairajAhmed 1, Nayab Jamal 1

1Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences andTechnology (GIKI), Topi, Swabi

Tribo-electricity, also referred to as Static Charge which isexplained as the phenomena of production of a charge on mate-rial by bringing it into contact with an object of opposite nature.The Dual Tribo-Electric Nano-Generator is a construction usedfor harvesting energy from water. A robust setup is used con-sisting of an integrated separator. The negatively charged ma-terial employed is Poly-Vinyl Chloride (PVC) and the positivelycharged material is Silicon Dioxide. Since the primary role ofdevice was to serve under the impact of water, a hydrophobiclayer was necessary to negate any absorbance of water by theexterior PVC film, so as to prevent failure of the TENG. Themethod employed for this task was Chemical Bath deposition(CBD) of Titanium Dioxide Nano-Materials Layer on the PVCfilm post-treated with Stearic Acid Solution. The substitute toSilicon Dioxide was Glass Fiber which according to the authorswas comparatively more positive Tribo-electrically against Sili-con Dioxide. Both Nano-Generators were compared in terms ofoutput.

74

Nano-Hydroxyapatite reinforcedTitanium-Nickel Based Composites for

Bio-Medical Applications SRPC-004

Syed Abbas Raza 1, Muhammad Umair 1 M. Imran Khan 1,Ahmed Kathia 1, Sohail Khan 1, Waqas Afridi 1

1Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences andTechnology (GIKI), Topi, Swabi

Equi-atomic NiTi alloy composites reinforced with 2, 4 and6 vol percent of Hydroxyapatite were synthesized using Con-ventional Sintering. Equitatomic NiTi pre-alloyed powder andnanohydroxyapatite powder were mixed in Planetary ball Millfor 3 hrs. before being cold compacted at 40 MPa to formPellets which were sintered in Horizontal Tube Furnace in Ar-Atmosphere in custom cycle but up to 3 hours at peak tem-perature of 1323 K. Increase in volume of nano-hydroxyapatiteaddition showed improved corrosion resistance in the compositesby Tafel interpolation due to the formation of different phases.

Upgradation study of low grade MagnetiteIron ore from Bajaur Agency through gravity

and magnetic Separation SRPC-010

Aftab Khan 1, Nisar Muhammad 1

1Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering &Technology (UET) Peshawar, Pakistan

Iron is a non-renewable natural resource. The high grade de-posits of iron are rapidly depleting and only low grade depositsare left there. About 1.3 billion tons of iron is mined per annumto produce approximately 1 billion tons of steel worldwide. Soit is the need of hour to utilize the low grade iron ore depositin order to fulfil the demand of steel industry. The specifica-tion of iron ore for Steel Industry is (5760) percent Fe (min),

75

8.5 percent SiO2 (max), 0.5 percent Al2O3 (max), 0.1 percentP. The Magnetite iron ore sample collected from Bajaur agencyhas a total of 28.9 percent Fe. Samples were collected from theexposed outcrop. Characterization of the ore was carried out bythin section study and XRD analysis. The chemical analysis ofthe raw sample revealed that the ore contain iron (Fe2O3) 40percent, Silica 15.2 percent, CaO 25 percent and Alumina 7.6percent, Magnesium oxide (MgO) 2.38 percent. Thin sectionstudy shows that the rock is composed mainly of calcite grainsalong with the inclusions of silica and alumina. The iron ore ismedium grained mostly composed of magnetite. XRD analysiswas used to confirm the result. Due to sufficient difference inthe specific gravity and magnetic susceptibility of valuable andgangue minerals shaking table followed by magnetic separatorwas used for its upgradation. The parameters of shaking tablewere varied and optimized for optimum grade and recovery. Itwas found that the optimum grinding time is 40 minutes, tiltangle is 5 degrees and flow of water is 4 liters per minutes. Theshaking table could produce a concentrate of 52 percent Fe witha recovery of 72 percent. It was passed from the magnetic sepa-rator which produced an iron concentrate of assay 64.5 percentFe

Titanium-Nickel Shape Memory AlloyReinforced with Zirconium Dioxide by Powder

Metallurgy RouteSRPC-022

Mairaj Ahmed 1, Syed Abbas Raza 1 Imran Khan 1, MalikHassan 2, Danish Tahir 2, Asim Altaf 2

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Institute ofEngineering Science and Technology, Topi, Swabi 2 Department ofMechanical Engineering, Ghulam Ishaq Institute of Engineering

Science and Technology, Topi, Swabi

76

Titanium-Nickel, shortly referred to as TiNi were reinforcedwith Zirconium Oxide particles. Pre-alloyed Nitinol was used ofnominal particle size of 45 micrometer. The compositions weremixed inside planetary ball mill followed by sintering in Argonatmosphere. The sintered pellets were sectioned and mounted.The composites were evaluated for mechanical properties viaMicro-Vickers hardness test. Biomedical evaluation was per-formed via Potentio-dynamic polarization analysis and imageanalysis was performed via Atomic force microscopy. The resultsshowed increasing hardness with Zirconium Oxide Reinforce-ment and improved electrochemical performance. AFM analysisshowed phase dissolution.

77

Aeronautics andAstronautics

Aerodynamic Optimization of UCAV usingVortex Lattice Method SRPC-158

Ali Amjad1, Fahad Ahmed 1, Asim Shehzad 1

1Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering, Instituteof Space Technology, Islamabad

UCAV is most affordable and comprehensive weapon systemfor tactical missions that offers operational and design freedomsof replacing the pilot outside aircraft enabling an entirely newparadigm in aircraft accessibility while keeping the judgmental,moral and rationale abilities of human operator. This studyis completely about preliminary design and aerodynamic opti-mization of unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) using VortexLattice Method. There is necessity in the industry to use numer-ical models that perform and assist the preliminary, conceptualand detailed design phases of the aircraft in a smooth manner sothat each phase remains completely compatible and consistentwith each other. Our main objective is to develop a multidis-ciplinary aerodynamically optimized model of UCAV with lesscomputational cost. Vortex lattice method is used to the op-timization for its fast processing and low computational time.The method accounts for most of geometric lifting surfaces like

79

taper, sweep, camber, washout, dihedral, along with aileron andflap deflection. The only parameter not accounted for is thick-ness since the physical wing is formulated as a lattice of panelsplaced over mean camber surface. A MATLAB code is developedto implement the VLM with different parameter configurationsand optimized model is selected with reference to desired perfor-mance parameters. To validate our results of VLM results a Cfdanalysis is also carried out.

Design and Implementation of Flight ControlSystem in a MALE UAVSRPC-159

Ali Zunair1, Muhammad Umer Habib 1, Abeera Aimen 1


In this paper, designing of autopilot controller and validationof Performance Parameters are presented for a Medium-AltitudeLong-Endurance Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (MALE UCAV)that has a capability to carry a payload of 1500 pounds. Theprimary focus is mathematical modeling, controller design foreach state and verifying results using a flight simulator. FlightDynamics model using stability derivatives was obtained fromAdvanced Aircraft Analysis (AAA). The stability and handlingqualities of the MALE UCAV were then analyzed. Contemplat-ing analysis, the basic autopilot was developed in SIMULINK.For validating performance, a platform is proposed. X-plane isone of the most advanced flight simulators developed by Lami-nar Research and it uses blade element theory. The geometry ofUCAV has been generated in Plane-Maker of X Plane 11 Soft-ware. Simulink runs the controllers under test and the flight sim-ulator with the aircraft operates accordingly. Through this plat-form, designed autopilot systems can be applied to real aircraftminimizing risks and increasing flexibility for design changes.The performance of UCAV is then analyzed in X-PLANE 11.

80

Design and Analysis of Heat Exchanger forWeight Reduction of Pressure Fed System

Using Cryogenic Helium SRPC-160

Abdul Rehman1, Zain Ali Shabbir 1, Dr Ihtazaz Qamar 1


The propellant tanks in liquid propellant rocket engines (LPRE)that operate on principal of pressure fed system need to be pres-surized, which is often done by helium being an inert gas. AStorage tank usually containing helium at room temperature hasa weight penalty, which limits the performance of LPRE. Cryo-genic helium, at a temperature of -190o C, used as a pressurantwill result in the reduction of the dry mass of the rocket. Theincrease in density will reduce pressurant tank size and weight.To apply this, a combustion chamber of pressure fed LPRE wasdesigned. To bring the cryogenic helium at operating temper-ature regenerative pathways were incorporated in a combustionchamber wall starting from chamber intake till the start of anozzle. The MATLAB framework was developed for a heat ex-change process along with CFD three-dimensional analysis ofheat transfer and hot gas side wall cooling.

81

Design and 3D Analysis of Ocean WaveTurbineSRPC-161

Kanza Ramzan1, Haroon Javed 1


Ocean wave turbine is a unidirectional rotating air turbineused in oscillating water column energy converter. With a verysimple geometry and construction, they have now been used atvarious places to make energy from waves. Currently there havebeen only 2 dimensional, we are proposing a 3-dimensional bladedesign that can make ocean wave turbine much better. We car-ried out our analysis by varying inlet velocities and studyingthe steady characteristics on these 3-dimensional blades. Thedisadvantages of using previous blade were poor starting charac-teristics along with some flow separation on the suction surfacenear tip and low efficiency, now by 3-Dimension blade we triedto minimize these loses as much as possible. The design has beenmade with constant chord length along the radius. The bladesconsist of optimized airfoil of NACA 0015.

Design and RCS optimization of UCAVSRPC-162

Hamza Tahir1, Usman Tariq 1, Asim Shehzad 1


Unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) has become the needof modern day defense system due to their ability to performstrike mission inside enemy territory without life risk. The effec-tiveness of UCAV mission is dependent mostly upon its abilityto penetrate through advanced detections system. The purposeof project is to develop initial conceptual design of UCAV andinvestigate the necessary geometric design characteristics neededto reduce its detectability by enemy radar systems.

82

Detumbling of ICUBE-2 using MagneticActuator SRPC-163

Muhammad Hassan 1, Talah Kaleem 1


iCube-2, the second student satellite being developed at In-stitute of Space Technology (IST), Islamabad is using an activeattitude control system. The algorithm for detumbling this satel-lite using an active, B-dot controller has been provided in thispaper. For it, a simulator has been designed in MATLAB andSimulink in accordance with the iCube-2 mission and objectives.Performance analysis of detumbling shows that the time periodrequired for detumbling can be lowered by using higher value ofgain but it can increase overshoot and even instability.

Flight Simulation of a Generic Aircraft inModelica and Comparison with MATLAB SRPC-164

Muhammad Salman 1, Abdul Munaim 1


A Flight dynamics model of a generic aircraft is developedin modelica and simulink to compare causal and acausal mod-elling approaches for flight simulation. Aerodynamic data ofCessna 310 was used to develop the nonlinear aircraft model.For simulink existing aerospace library and for modelica stan-dard multibody library along with an aircraft library that wasdeveloped for this purpose was used. The difference in flightdynamics model building, simulation, possibilities and issues arediscussed.

83

Design of a Regulatable Pintle InjectorSRPC-165

Nimra Saba 1


Pintle Injector is one of the kind of propellant injector used inliquid propellant rocket engines. Pintle injector is a variable areainjector with a movable sleeve, which helps in spraying variableamount of propellant with a constant mixing ratio in combus-tion chamber for the combustion process. Primarily it is used tocontrol the thrust variation required in the rocket. Pintle injec-tor consists of two concentric flow lines for the fuel and oxidizer.This injector is used for its throttling ability and combustionefficiency. The paper describes all the work done on design ofa regulatable pintle injector in order to control the thrust ofrocket engine with high efficiency. It is basically the design ofa pintle injector with an actuating mechanism that controls upto 10 percent of the thrust of rocket engine by keeping in mindthat the sheets formed with thrust variation should be perfectfor atomization and the efficiency is maintained. For the designand analysis different software such as MATLAB for design cal-culations of pintle injector and CATIA for the model are used.This injector is designed for a 25kN thrust rocket engine withLOX/RP-1 as propellant pair with a mixing ratio of 2.25, andchamber pressure is 15bar. After the geometric parameter havebeen achieved, the throttling mechanism is selected that bestsuits the operating conditions of injector. A screw thread mech-anism is used for linear actuation of the sleeve and the Steppermotor is used to tie or loosen the threads. In the end, a finalmodel with motor assembly is presented.

84

Acoustic damping in a combustion chamber ofliquid rocket engine SRPC-166

Zainab Amjad 1, Ahmed Saleem 1, Ihtazaz Qamar 1


Liquid rocket engine instability has been a problem ever sincethe development of rocket. Among the different categories of in-stabilities the high frequency instability, also known as acousticinstability is the most destructive type. The current researchis focused on minimizing such instabilities by the use of gas-liquid scheme injectors. A combustion chamber geometry is se-lected and scaled accordingly. Acoustic natural frequencies ofthe chamber and their associated modes are calculated theoreti-cally. The injectors in the combustion chamber are then tuned todamp one of the most dangerous acoustic modes. The acousticbehavior in the combustion chamber is studied numerically bysolving a steady state wave equation in the frequency domain.The numerical analysis is divided into two stages. In the firststage, the chamber geometry is analyzed for cold flow conditionsand the impact of the damping induced by a single injector isstudied. The second stage, however, is focused on the analysisover hot flow conditions for practical application. The effect ofdifferent factors like length, inlet blockage, induction bulge, andrecess on the damping capacity of injector is studied

85

Design And Anlysis Of High Pressure RatioTransonic Fan StageSRPC-167

Mazee Tariq1, Armam Saroia 1


a single stage high performance transonic fan has been de-signed for turbofan engines. Having a high pressure ratio ofapproximately 2.0, the fan is being designed to imply high effi-ciency while working in the transonic regime. As the fan is singlestage, so it only consists a rotor part, and no stator part, whichmakes it less complicated to operate, while it also minimize theweight. Through appropriate literature review, we chose ade-quate design specifications, which helped us in the theoreticaldesign, through free vortex and relaxed free vortex design. Ageneric MATLAB code was helpful in verifying the results ob-tained by these methods. The same way, velocity triangles werealso obtained by using the theoretical data of blade angles andvelocities, which were then also shown by the software CATIAV5. Based on the design calculations, an airfoil was also selectedfor the blade, and finally, a 3D CAD Model was designed byCATIA V5 to end our design part. Next up, the design modelwas validated through the analysis part of this project, as allthe aerodynamics, structural, pressure, and temperature consid-erations could be done through computational fluid dynamics.A domain being selected for meshing of the blade geometry byANSYS software, proved to be valuable, as the mesh was thenimported to ANSYS workbench for analyzing it on the FLUENT.Analysis based on computational fluid dynamics was helpful incompleting the final blade design as it is a fine way to verify thepreliminary design with numerical solutions, as well as throughthe simulations which are based upon various equations or al-gorithms important to analyze the results of different physicalquantities acting on the model.

86

System Level Design Of Small Ramjet Engine SRPC-168

Anwar ul Haq 1, Aqib Ijaz 1


Design of the propulsion systems is a need of todays worldand lots of work is done in this field. This project focuses on thesystem level design of a small ramjet. Although ramjets have al-ready been designed much earlier, but with time, new techniquesand technologies are being added to improve the design of ram-jets. The major software being used in this project are MAT-LAB, ANSYS Fluent and CATIA. The purpose of this project isto get the knowledge of latest technologies being used in ramjetdesign and to deeply understand the design procedure carried outin Aerospace field. The practical operating conditions are takenfor each part of this design, and aerodynamics and propulsionrelations are used to get the conceptual design of ramjet. TheCAD model is made and imported in ANSYS for CFD analy-sis. The results are compared with the available ramjets andthe best possible designed ramjet is selected, dealing maximummass flow, with minimum losses and providing maximum thrust.In this project, normal shock wave was avoided in the design oframjet intake, and instead, a series of oblique shock waves areintroduced in order to increase the pressure recovery and takethe losses to minimum

87

Design and Development of Ignition Torch forSemi-Cryogenic Rocket EngineSRPC-169

Muzzaffar Ahmed 1


The ignition of propellants injected into the combustion cham-ber is an important design consideration for reliable and stableignition in all types of liquid propellant rocket engines. Limi-tations of using direct spark plug ignition system in providingsufficient ignition source and withstanding main chamber condi-tions has led to the development of torch ignition system in whichsmall percentage of main chamber propellants are injected intothe torch igniter cavity which are ignited by a spark plug. Thehot flame/gas exits the torch and is directly impinged to the pro-pellants entering through the main injector. The present workdiscusses the design of ignition torch for 25 KN rocket enginewith specific regard to LOX/RP1 as a propellant pair for boththe igniter and main combustion chamber. The design startswith the calculation of adiabatic flame temperature of these pro-pellants and energy required to raise the temperature at sto-ichiometric oxidizer to fuel ratio. For the reliable results, allthe calculations were done by writing suitable MATLAB codes.The main objective of this paper is to design a simple, lightweight and reliable ignition system, which would be able to pro-vide complete combustion and multiple startups to the rocketengine. Using all the aforementioned basic elements of theoret-ical design, we finally found the parameters required to designthe torch ignition system for optimum combustion.

88

Internal Structure Design and Analysis ofMALE UCAV, along with its Landing Gear

Design and Material Selection SRPC-170

Misbah Nasir 1, Muhammad Suleman 1, Abdullah Zeeshan 1


This research paper summaries the detailed description ofwork and procedures to complete the tasks i.e. internal struc-ture layout, finite element analysis, landing gear selection andmaterial selection and feasibility for MALE UCAV. A Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (MALEUCAV) could be defined as an aerial vehicle that flies at an al-titude of 10,000 to 30,000 feet for extended durations of time,24 to 48 hours. Our MALE UCAV is capable to carry 1500pounds of payload and have range of 4000 km and 20 hoursendurance. First, this research paper covers internal structuredesign of MALE UCAV. Internal elements of fuselage, wing andtail that are longerons, stringers, bulkheads or frames, ribs andspars have been designed by using methodology of base-line air-craft scaling method and literature review as well. CATIA, AN-SYS and MATLAB tools are used in support of this project.Moreover, this research paper also covers the material selectionfor complete UCAV so that it can fulfil the requirements forweight and strength. Feasibility of material has also been stud-ied in order to accomplish the manufacturing process besides theselection and design of landing gear according to given require-ments for MALE UCAV. The given deign constraints for internalstructure layout and landing gears for MALE UCAV are weight,v-n diagram, center of gravity and moments of inertia.

89

Development of a Computer Code forDesigning a Gas Turbine Combustor, Modelingof Combustor and Analysis of Designed ModelSRPC-171

Muhammad Abdul Wasay 1, Hafiz Ahsan 1, Khalid Pervez 1


With the technological advancement, it is desirable to havepropulsion systems with least emission of pollutants along withimproving efficiency, performance and reliability. Combustionprocess is the dictating factor for efficiency and performance ofan engine thus enforcing the efficient design of combustor. Theback bone of the project is to design an annular gas turbinecombustor specifically for a low bypass turbofan engine. Thecurrent methodology is concerned with determining various di-mensions of the combustor, including the zonal dimensions, theair mass flow distribution, holes sizing according to cooling re-quirements based on empirical formulae. A combustor model isalso formed using CAD software with parameterization includedand the aerodynamic flow characteristics are simulated numeri-cally through ANSYS. CFD results for the cold flow indicate theaccuracy of the code using the primary zone (PZ) flow structureverification. The initial design parameters will be provided bythe user and a computer code will design a combustor and itsvisual 3D model based on these requirements.

90

Design And Development Of A Gas GeneratorUsing Circumferential Quenching Jets SRPC-172

Muhammad Arslan Ashraf 1, Shadab Ijaz 1


A decisive factor determining the performance of a LiquidPropellant Rocket Engine (LPREs) is the mechanism used tostart the process of combustion in the thrust chamber. Onemethod is the use of Gas Generator cycle that provides enoughpower for the turbines and pumps. In this project, a Gas Gener-ator has been designed along with the injection mechanism andthe cooling jackets. Circumferential quenching jets of fuel wereused to maintain a fuel rich mixture with an overall mixing ra-tio of 0.22. LOX was used as oxidizer and RP-1 as fuel andcoolant. Starting with prescribed mass flow rates, mixing ratioand combustion pressure, the chamber was designed, after whichthe cooling system properties were determined using MATLAB.Swirl injectors has been designed by imparting swirling motion topropellants depending on the outlet conditions of cooling chan-nels which was followed by design of injection head. Numericalinvestigation was executed to determine the pressure drop andtemperatures in coolant channels as well as in combustion cham-ber and discharge coefficients in injectors. Prototype will be de-veloped and tested in PEARL lab, followed by the comparisonof empirical, numerical and experimental results.

91

Design and Modeling of a Ducted-fan UAVSRPC-173

Faiqa Baharat 1, M. Hassan 1, M. Farooq 1


Ducted-fans are expected to be the next innovative technol-ogy in aerospace and will completely revolutionize the world ofUAVs. The concept of Ducted-fan UAVs was first proposed byRaffaello D’Andrea in ETH Zurich, where the plan was to builda distributed flight array. Each module of this array was a single-rotor ducted-fan, incapable of flying separately due to the torqueimbalance created by the single rotor. Following this research,a number of other institutes participated in the race for propos-ing a working design model for Ducted-fan UAVs. The designproposed here consists of two motor-propeller units joined in acoaxial fashion. One propeller is a pusher while the other is atractor, and both work together to provide the upward thrustforce necessary to lift the UAV. In addition, they also cancel thetorque produced. This UAV maneuvers with the help of controlsurfaces present in the downstream of the rotors. These unitsalong with two sets of stators are enclosed in a duct which servesto increase the thrust efficiency of the propellers by eliminatingtip vortices. The duct also protects all the components within,making this UAV uniquely capable of operating in closed spaceswithout incurring any damage to the sensitive equipment within.This is where ducted-fan UAVs hold a major advantage over thewidely popular quadrotors, as they are not suitable for flight inenclosed spaces. Moreover, the reduction of the number of rotorsfrom four to two means that ducted-fan UAVs can fly carrying amuch smaller power source, thus increasing efficiency. A modelof this UAV has been built in Simulink to understand the dy-namics of this UAV. Various forces and moments acting on theUAV under different conditions are inserted in the model andits behavior is studied to ensure that the UAV is capable of fly-ing under the given forces. This also allows us to ensure that

92

the control surfaces are large enough to provide the momentsnecessary for maneuvering the UAV.

Design and Modeling of a Ducted-fan UAVModeling and Linear Control System Design

for Microquadcopter SRPC-174

Junaid Iqbal 1, Mazdak Shakeel 1, Muhammad Sadiq 1


This paper covers the dynamic modelling of Quadcopter andits control design. Quadcopter is an under actuated vehicle andcan be operated in 6 DOF environment. Different maneuverscan be performed by varying the speed of rotors. NonlinearModelling of parrot mini drone is done through Newtons Eulerapproach and Eulers LaGrange approach and the control archi-tecture is made by applying appropriate controls law. Linearizedequations are used for controller tuning by using the state spaceapproach. Linearized controller tuning done and simulation re-sults are compared in the end

93

Matlab Based Software for Aircraft WingsStructural Analysis and DesignSRPC-175

Saad Anjum 1, Shoaib Bilal 1


As the world is progressing day by day use of computers andother softwares are playing an important role in every field ofstudy and making complex things easy to handle. Use of newadvanced softwares has brought the revolutionary change in thefield of science and technology. Work related to aircraft struc-ture and preliminary analysis and design is going on in PACKamra and other industries, so it was needed to have softwarewhich will do the task of preliminary structural analysis of air-craft wings in few minutes. Also this kind of software was neededto be developed to help undergraduate students in universitiesto learn concepts and develop insight related to aircraft struc-ture analysis and design. AAD software can help Professors tosolve the problems related to aircraft structure with just fewclicks. In the light of all these requirements authors have devel-oped an AAD (Aero-Structures Analysis and Design) softwarewhich will do the preliminary analysis calculations which wouldbe very helpful for the industries, students and professors for thestudy purpose and solving the lengthy problems. Software willidealize the structure to calculate the bending and shear stressesfor given loading. The programming language used for softwaredevelopment is MATLAB because of its ability to solve complexengineering problems.

94

Rim Rotor Rotary Ramjet AerodynamicDesign and Analysis SRPC-176

Zaid Ameen 1, Kashif Ahmed 1, Khalid Pervez 1


Rim-rotor rotary ramjet engine (R4E) is a new kind of propul-sion system which eliminates the need of compressor and turbinesused in the conventional gas turbine and uses a single supersoniccircumferential rotor which has ramjet channels integrated onthe inner radius of the rim performing compression combustionand expansion inside a single rimrotor. This approach eliminatesthe complexity of the system and provides an enhanced powerdensity. This paper is the detailed description of work and proce-dure carried out for various tasks related to design and analyticalcalculations and validation of rim-rotor rotary ramjet. Initiallyquasi-one dimensional model of R4E is designed using inside-outapproach and ceramic made rim to generate power of 850KWproviding power density of 7.33 KW/kg for a tangential velocityof 884.45 m/s (2.6 Mach) which is almost twice the conventionalgas turbines. Analytical analysis addresses shockwave compres-sion, viscous losses, heat transfer effects on the efficiency, inletand outlet conditions of the ramjet channels and windage losses.Results confirm the validity and usefulness of this technique inboth jet propulsion systems as well as in stationary power gen-eration at least in a limited domain in which combustion andwindage losses are not catered completely.

95

Design, Analysis and Fabrication of SmallHydro Vortex TurbineSRPC-177

Raja Noman Haider 1, Usman Ahmed 1


Global energy consumption is growing considerably, raisingsuch issues as increased energy-related greenhouse gas emissions,reduced security of supply, and growing fuel costs. Renewableresources, such as hydropower, offer an alternative energy sourceto meet the growing demand. Small hydropower (SHP) has beena major focus of hydro power research in recent years, as manyof the large scale hydroelectric opportunities around the worldhave already been exploited. In particular, low head SHP isgaining interest as traditional turbines, such as the Kaplan andPelton turbines, are typically limited to heads greater than 3m.Hydro Vortex Turbine is one such low head hydropower solution.HVT exploits the energy available in a vortex flow, enabling hy-dropower generation at heads as low as 0.7m. A vertical axisturbine is placed in the center of a vortex flow and rotates withthe flow, thus generating mechanical energy which can be con-verted into electrical energy. This paper describes a parametricexperimental investigation of the operating conditions of HVT.Various flow rates, inlet conditions, blade sizes and blade num-bers were made on modeling softwares and then tested by CFDanalysis. The power input, power output and efficiency werethen calculated and compared for the various settings.

96

Geometric Sensitivity of Static EquivalentModeling Techniques for Honeycomb Cores. SRPC-178

Maha Batool 1, Nayab Saeed 1


Honeycomb sandwich structure combines high flexural rigid-ity and bending strength with low weight. Sandwich struc-tures with honeycomb as core have number of applications foraerospace, automobile and civil engineering structures. Finite el-ement analysis of detailed honeycomb core model is too complexand it takes a lot of computation time. Therefore, the solutionis to replace the honeycomb core by an equivalent orthotropicmaterial. The main objective of this research paper is to firstdefine an appropriate equivalent model which provides results asthat of the detailed 3D model in order to minimize computationtime and to investigate the geometric parameters of honeycombstructure such as the core height, face plate thickness and chang-ing cell angle on the Equivalent model through numerical study.The geometry of cells for the core and core height variation canalter the sandwich panel behavior in a significant manner. Agood agreement is found between detailed and equivalent modeland in-depth analysis of cell height and face plate thickness andin the honeycomb structures has been carried out and the resultsshow that by both face-sheet and core height has inverse relationwith deformation, Moreover the value of orthotropic propertiesvaries exponentially as cell angle changes

97

Design Modification of Rolling AirframeProjectile by Increasing Number of Tail

Stabilizing FinsSRPC-179

Umer Khalid 1, Muhammad Kashif Rasheed 1


Robust planned air defense is among one of the peak vitalcomponents in any countrys security arrangement. Thus, theclaim of surface-to-surface projectile and surface-toair projectileis progressively vital. Considering this, using given operatingconditions, the design of rolling airframe projectile is modifiedto optimize and enhance its different flight parameters whichmainly includes lift coefficient, drag coefficient, rolling moment,pitching moment, yawing moment and spinning of laser guidedshell. Geometry of laser guided projectile is developed by us-ing known computational engineering practices and software e.g.CATIA. It is followed by the complete analysis of projectile. Byvarying number of tail stabilizing fins, dimensions and operat-ing conditions, augmented tail stabilizing fins case is designatedwith finest precision and maneuverability. Validation and verifi-cation of results is also done in this perspective. To begin with,study is carried out on the projectile shape made in CATIA withspecific dimensions. After geometry, we used ANSYS fluent forflow analysis by varying different parameters. Flow analysis isdone on different geometry configurations i.e. (4-flat fins, 4wraparound fins, 6-flat fins and 6-wrap around fins) at different an-gle of attacks (0-10 degrees) with varying rotation speed (20-40Hz). Lift coefficient of flat fins is better than wrap-around finsdue to the symmetric effect, extra side forces, moments as wellas the self-induced rolling characteristics in case of WAF con-figurations. Flat fins tend to develop higher lift force, pitchingmoment, and drag force, as compared to those of WAFs, whilethis arrangement results in diminishing of the rolling moment.Pitching moment will be less in case of wrap-around fins re-

98

sulting in better longitudinal stability. This research work canbe carry forward to do flow analysis of OWAF (opposite wrap-around fins), SWAF (slotted wraparound fins) and many otherconfigurations of tail fins.

Design, Development and Testing of aGas-Liquid Injection System for a Staged

Combustion Main Chamber SRPC-180

Fatima tuz Zehra 1, M. Rehan Ahmed 1


A Liquid Centered Gas Liquid Swirl Coaxial injection sys-tem is being developed for the Staged Combustion Main Cham-ber of the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine (LPRE) with LOxand methane being the propellant pair. The swirling liquid flowcoming out from the center of the injector is impinged upon bythe coaxial gaseous sheet, resulting in the atomization and mix-ing of the propellants. The designing of the injector is carriedout in MATLAB. The coefficient of discharge for gaseous pro-pellant is calculated through iterative process, depending uponthe injector assembly parameters ratios. A combustion chamberis also designed and prototyped to be used for the testing pur-poses, including both cold testing and hot testing. The velocitymismatching in injector is verified through CFD performed inANSYS. The future work of this project includes testing of theprototyped injector and verification of calculations. Moreover,the procedures and techniques adopted for designing of this in-jector can be extended to a bigger scale whereby testing canbe performed by prototyping an injector head containing morethan one such injectors, and an up scaled version of prototypedcombustion chamber.

99

CFD analysis of an Unmanned CombatAerovehicleSRPC-023

Yousaf Hummayun1, Kashif Hameed Khan 1, Urooj Kaleem 1


The research was conducted to perform Computational FluidDynamics (CFD) of Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance UnmannedCombat Aerial Vehicle (MALE UCAV) that has a capability tocarry a payload of 1500 pounds. ANSYS ICEM and ANSYSFLUENT were used for the meshing and computations respec-tively. Different cases were performed to get different parameterslike stability derivatives, hinge moments with variation in angleof attack and side slip angle, with aileron, flaps and rudderva-tor deflection. CFD post processing was used to analyze CFDresults. The primary goal of this research was to get aerody-namic loads like Lift and Drag, Hinge moments and Stabilityderivatives through CFD and all the results were compared toAdvanced Aircraft Analysis (AAA) software. We are also in-terested in designing the Fuel system of this MALE UCAV andgenerating a feasibility report on its manufacturing in Pakistanlater in our project.

100

Conceptual Design And Engine Selection OfMALE UCAV SRPC-024

Hafiza Hira Amin Khawaja1, Khawar Khan Niazi 1, AnasGhaffar 1


The research paper is a detailed description of the work andprocedures carried out for various tasks related to conceptualdesign and engine selection of a Medium Altitude Long Range(MALE) Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV). This in-cludes project plan and methodologies followed, timeline, litera-ture review, detailed calculations and results obtained. For de-sign of MALE UCAV (which includes initial weight estimation,aerodynamics, performance, propulsion and stability analysis)AAA software is used.

Computational Fluid Dynamics andAeroacoustics of Subsonic Jets SRPC-025

Abdul Haseeb1, Neha Asim Paracha 1, Waleed Nawaz Qaisrani1


A round, compressible, turbulent cold jet exhaust at a Machof 0.9 was numerically simulated in ANSYS Fluent. Grid inde-pendence test was done and a mesh containing 2.5 million cellswas selected to carry out the three-dimensional calculations, us-ing three different turbulence models: k-, k-, and Reynolds StressModel. Axial variation of the mean flow velocity and axial vari-ation of Reynolds stresses at the jet centerline, numerically ob-tained by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS)equations, were validated against the experimental trends al-ready available in literature. The results from the CFD analysis

101

of the nozzles themselves were also verified against an analyt-ical model developed in MATLAB. The most accurate resultswere obtained using the Reynolds Stress Model, which were usedalong with the Ffowcs Williams-Hawking equations to calculatethe far-field Sound Pressure Levels (SPL). It was concluded thatthe absolute values of SPL obtained from the URANS calcula-tions were not comparable to the experimental data, however,the trends in SPL were reasonably well-predicted.

Design and Analysis of Armour-PiercingFin-Stabilized Discarding SabotSRPC-026

Muhammad Junaid Ali1, Ahmad Raza 1


An Armour-Piercing Fin-Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS)is highly energetic and ballistic ammunition used for piercing ar-mored vehicles and battle tanks. These ballistic rounds imparthigh kinetic energy to the target that involves high strain ratesand melting temperatures. This paper discusses the terminalballistic aspect of the penetrator and presents the study of de-sign parameters for an APFSDS to achieve optimal penetration.The trend of penetration depths across the range of length-to-diameter ratios is presented. A tungsten alloy APFSDS is testedagainst Rolled Homogenous Armour (RHA) via simulations. Asimplified penetrator model is created and parameterized in De-sign Modeler. Explicit dynamics numerical schemes are used.Johnson-Cook strength and failure models are chosen along withMie-Grneisen state of equation model. ANSYS Autodyn solveris used for simulating the impact.

102

Space Sciences

Introduction to Quantization of gravity SRPC-006

Sultan Muhammad 1

1 Qurtaba University, Phase3, Hayatabad, Peshawar

This paper is associated with quantization of gravity throughintroducing the concept of Gravity of singularity and explain-ing many different parameters regarding Gravity and its rela-tion with Quantization. As singularities are found at the centerof Black holes only thus the quantization of gravity is directlylinked with black holes.By inventing such equations that solvesthe problem of Quantum Gravity, many aspects and parametersof black holes can be explained along the paper.As the mass ofthe Black hole is present in the singularity which lies at the cen-ter of the black hole and the rest of the body of the black hole isalmost empty. (The area between the singularity and the eventhorizon is empty).That can be concluded all the mass is com-pressed to a quantum scale and packed into the singularity. Thesingularity itself is a Quantum object with a considered radiusof Zero. In accordance to the equation of newtonian Gravity anymass with zero radius must have infinite gravity. Thus a new,radius independent equation is proposed to solve the problem ofgravity that newtonian equation of gravity could not.The eventhorizon is a void of nothingness any object that approaches eventhorizon it is converted into energy and the energy is sucked into

103

the singularity. The gravity at the event horizon must approachC2 for Matter-Energy conversion. One way to prove that aboveassumption is the concept of Photon Sphere and the region whereit lies (1.5 times of schwarzschild radius).Note schwarzschild ra-dius is mathematical calculation to calculate the boundary of ablack holes event horizon.As enthalpy is total energy content ofa body and sum of volume and pressure product. Increase in en-thalpy of and object or region will effect the temperature of theregion. As Stephen hawking gave the surface temperature of theblack hole(event horizon) The hawking temperature is very lowand gets even lower whenever black hole gets massive. Similarlythe temperature of the singularity gets higher and higher as theblack hole gets massive In many equations of the physics suchas (Volume ,area and density) the radius is the key to calculatethese parameter and a quantum object(Singularity) is supposeto be a sphere or a Hyper sphere. With out a define radius manyaspects of the physics fails or the numerical values approaches toinfinity as the radius approaches to Zero.A solution is proposedby equating the equations of Quantum gravity and newtoniangravity with thermal parameter of hawking temperature. It isfound that the radius is independent of any variable parame-ters thus the radius of any singularity must remain the same atafundamentallevel.

Chenab River Modeling using SWAT andfinding Return Periods of FloodsSRPC-181

Sehrish Fida 1, Mirza Raheel 1

1Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology,Islamabad

Devastating floods adversely affect all aspects of life and in-frastructure. Various regions of Himalayas receives intense mon-soon and glacier melt due to climate change and causes flashfloods. One such basin, which suffer from such floods is the

104

Chenab River Basin. Increasing temperature, variability in pre-cipitation pattern are the signs of anticipated climate change.The Chenab River originates from the Himalayas mountain rangeand encounter flash floods every year upon onset of monsoonand peak summer snow and glacier melt. To minimize risk tohuman life and infrastructure appropriate planning and protec-tion measures depend on precise and accurate floods projectionsand modelling. Therefore, this study assesses the variations inflood intensity and frequency in the Chenab River Basin. In cur-rent study we uses the SWAT model and HEC-SSP. An increasein intensity and frequency may adversely affect the downstreampopulation, infrastructure and agriculture, therefore urge for anearly appropriate precautionary mitigation measures. This studywill provide assistance to water managers and policy makers inpreparation of an adequate flood protection planning, manage-ment and mitigation measures. Similar, studies are also neededfor other basins in the HKH region.

Landslide Susceptibility Modeling: a casestudy of balakot valley SRPC-182

Muhammad zohaib 1, Dr. Muhammad Shakir 1, Dr.Muhammad Farooq 2

1Department of Space Sciences, Institute of Space Technology,Islamabad 2 SAR Wing, SUPARCO, Islamabad

Landslides are a threat to human life. This research is morefocusing on a landslide susceptibility map that can predict fu-ture major landslides. Study area is Balakot valley which coversthe total area of 2437 Km2. These areas are highly susceptibleto landslides and are under serious attention after October 2005earthquake-induced landslides that caused many fatalities. Oneof the objectives of this research is an inventory map that canhighlight the available landslides in our study area. Moreover,

105

this research includes ten causal factors land cover, slope, as-pect, elevation, curvature, distance from fault, hydrology, roadnetwork, precipitation and lithology for future prediction of land-slides. The next step is to assign weight to each factor based onits trigging influence on landslides. There is a technique in Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) called Analytic hierarchy Process(AHP) and Weighted Overlay Method (WOM) that does a pair-wise comparison among causal factors which helps in generatinga susceptibility map. The accuracy of our model is performedby using receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Susceptibilitymap will not only help in Human vulnerability towards hazardslike landslides but will also benefit disaster monitoring authori-ties to mitigate future landslides.

106

technical programs and abstracts - ist.edu.pk

Documents