technical information - industrial bearing s · 1800 629 938 melbourne (03) 9767 6888 adelaide (08)...
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1300 724 739SydNEy
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2010/06 – T:1
Technical inFORMaTiOn cOnTenTS
cOnTenTS PaGe
Specified Standards T:2
Specified Tolerances T:3-4
Glossary T:5
Material codes T:6
Material Selection T:7-8
chemical Resistance T:9-10
conversion Tables T:13
Seal life T:14
Selection and installation of Seals T:15
Permitted extrusion Gaps T:16
Storage of Seals T:17
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Technical inFORMaTiOn SPeciFieD STanDaRDS
Standard Standard : hFP : hydraulic fluid power FP : Fluidpower
BS EN ISO 20286.1 (1993) General Tolerances and Deviations
BS EN 22768.1 (1993) Tolerance for linear / angular dimensions
BS4500A (1985) Data sheet for selected iSO fits for hole basis
BS4500B (1985) Data sheet for selected iSO fits for Shaft basis
BS1806 (1992) Specifications for imperial dimensions of Toroidal Sealing Rings. (O-rings and housings)
BS4518 (1984) Specifications for metric dimensions of Toroidal Sealing Rings. (O-rings and housings)
ISO 1629 (1995) Standard abbreviations / Symbols for elastomeric Materials
BS1916 limits and Fits for engineering
ISO3601–1 FP Systems-O-rings – Part 1 : inside diameters, cross sections, tolerances and size identification code.
ISO3601–3 FP Systems-O-rings – Part3 : Quality acceptance criteria.
ISO3939 FP Systems and component – Multiple lip packing sets – Method for measuring stack height.
ISO5597 hFP – cylinders – housings for piston and rod seals in reciprocating applications – Dimensions and tolerances.
ISO6072 hFP compatibility between elastomeric materials and fluids.
ISO6195 FP systems and components – Single rod cylinders – housings for rod wiper rings in reciprocating applications – Dimensions and tolerances.
ISO6547 hFP – cylinders – Piston seal housings incorporating bearing rings – Dimensions and tolerances.
ISO6743–4 lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class l) – classification – Family h (hydraulicsystems).
ISO7425–1 hFP – housings for elastomer – energised plastic faced seals. Dimensions and tolerances – Part 1 : Piston seal housings.
ISO7425–2 hFP – housings for elastomer – energised plastic faced seals. Dimensions and tolerances – Part 2 : Rod seal housings.
ISO7986 hFP – Sealing devices – Standard test methods to assess the performance of seals used in oil hydraulic reciprocating applications.
ISO10766 hFP – cylinders – housing dimensions for rectangular – section cut bearings for pistons and rods.
BS 5016 : (1988) Dimensions of anti – extrusion back – uprings and their housings
BS 7714 : (1993) Guide for the care and handling of seals for fluid power applications
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2010/06 – T:3
Technical inFORMaTiOn SPeciFieD TOleRanceS – MeTRic
Nom
inal
Siz
es
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ricS
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+30
+14
+25
+40
+60
+30
-39
-20
-31
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-40
-60
-20
-30
00
00
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6.00
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-10
-10
00
00
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+55
+27
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-35
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+65
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Tole
ranc
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xtra
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from
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450
0 (IS
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86)
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2010/06 – T:4
Nom
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Tole
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.
Technical inFORMaTiOn SPeciFieD TOleRanceS – iMPeRial
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Technical inFORMaTiOn GlOSSaRY
Tensile Strength: The ability to resist permanent deformation under stretch
Abrasion Resistance: The ability to resist mechanical wear
Tear Strength: The resistance of crack propagation when tension is applied
Elongation: The percentage stretch from the original length
Modulus: Material strength at it’s elastic limit
Permanent Set: Permanent deformation after material is pushed past it’s elastic limits
Compression Set: The inability of a specimen to return to it’s original state after compression expressed as a percentage of total compression.
Resilience: The ability to resist deformation
Hardness: Resistance to indentation commonly recorded as Shore or international Rubber hardness degrees (iRhD)
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Technical inFORMaTiOn MaTeRial cODeS
Reference Description
POM acetalic Resin
nBR acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber
iiR Butyl Rubber
XnBR carboxylated nitrile Rubber
ciiR chlorinated Butyl Rubber
cM chlorinated Polyethylene Rubber
cR chloroprene Rubber
cSM chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber
ecO epichlorohydrin Rubber
ePDM ethylene Propylene Dien Rubber
eVa ethylene Vinylacetate Rubber
FKM Fluorocarbon Rubber
FKM Fluoroelastomer Viton
MFQ Fluorosilicone Rubber
hnBR hydrogenated acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber
iR isoprene Rubber
MPQ Methyl Phenyl Silicone Rubber
MPVQ Methyl Phenyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber
MQ Methyl Silicone Rubber
MVQ Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber
nR natural Rubber
PnF Phosphonitrilic Fluoro-Rubber
acM Polyacrylate Rubber
aU Polyester Urethane Rubber
eU Polyether Urethane Rubber
T Polysulphide Rubber
PU Polyurethane
GPO Propylene Oxide Rubber
SBR Styrene Butadiene Rubber
TPe Thermoplastic elastomer
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Technical inFORMaTiOn MaTeRial SelecTiOn
NBR – ACRylONITRIlE BuTADIENE RuBBERcommonly know as nitrile or Buna n. nitrile rubber forms the most common group of elastomers for general use, in the sealing industry. chemically, nitrile is a copolymer of Butadiene and acrylonitrile with the ratio’s of the two depending upon the application of use. nitrile elastomers have good physical characteristics, and are superior to most rubbers regarding resistance to swell in oils and fats etc, and have a good abrasion resistance.
Low Acrylonitrile NBR 20% AcrylonitriIe, 80% Butadiene Working Temperature: -35 to +100Clow nitrile compounds have a very good low temperature flexibility and elasticity, but the resistance to swell in fats and oils is, however poorer to that of compounds which have higher acrylonitriie content.
Medium Acrylonitrile NBR 34% Acrylonitrile, 66% Butadiene, Working Temperature: -300C to +100CMedium nitrile compounds have poorer low temperature flexibility and elasticity to that of lowacrytonitrile compounds, but resistance to swell in oil and fats is greatly improved.
High Acrylonitrile NBR, 50% Acrylonitrile, 50% Butadiene, Working Temperature: -0C to +100Chigh nitrile compounds have very poor low temperature flexibility and elasticity, but resistance to swell in oil and fats is excellent, and also gas permeability becomes much lower the higher the acrylonitrile content.
HNBR – HyDROgENATED ACRylONITRIlE BuTADIENE RuBBER WORkINg TEMPERATuRE: -35 TO +140Chydrogenated nBR elastomers offer a unique combination of heat resistance, oil resistance’ and resistance to a number of aggressive chemicals.The products made of this material have outstanding mechanical properties, very good resistance to abrasion, excellent compression set, superior resistance to weathering, ozone and hot air, and very good resistance to technical oils,
even in the presence of hydrogen sulphide and amines. hnBR compounds would only be used in an application where the seal is subject to a hostile environment
FkM – FluOROCARBON RuBBER WORkINg TEMPERATuRE: -20 TO +220CFKM elastomers offer compatibility to fire resistant hydraulic fluids, hot oils, greases, hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, most organic acids, even at high concentrations, and a number of organic compounds
FKM however is not resistant to swell in methanol, ketones, esters and ethers, although in specially formulated compounds this can be greatly improved.
Low Temperature Fluorocarbon Rubber Working Temperature: -30 to +220C
GlT elastomers have improved low temperature flexibility over standard FKM’s, they also give excellent low temperature tensile and good low and high temperature compression set resistance. This material, because of its price is only recommended for use in applications where a very broad temperature service range is required.
EPDM – ETHylENE PROPylENE DIEN RuBBER WORkINg TEMPERATuRE: -40 TO +120CePDM is from a general class of ethylene Propylene Dien Rubber, with enhanced properties. Dynamic properties and dynamic fatigue resistance is very good as is its low temperature flexibility. Resistance to swell in organic acids is excellent, but in concentrated inorganic acids the compound will harden or even be destroyed.
ePDM is not suitable for use in mineral-based oils or hydrocarbons, but in non-mineral automotive brake fluids and phosphate esters the swelling is minimal. a wide range of hardnesses can be achieved, with harder compounds giving acceptable high elasticity.
Material Selection (Rubber)
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Thermoplastic Polymers have gained widespread recognition for reliability of performance. They have a combination of physical properties not available with either metals or other plastics, due to their chemical composition.
POlyuRETHANE (TPu) WORkINg TEMPERATuRE: -30 TO +110CPolyurethane has been developed in response to the industry’s requirement for flexible, easy fit, long life sealing systems, for use in a variety of temperature and media applications.
Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) has outstanding compression set values at both low and elevated temperatures. Other properties such as Tensile Strength, abrasion, Tear Resistance and low temperature flexibility are excellent. Resistance to petroleum products, hydrocarbons, ozone and weathering are also good.
POlyESTER ElASTOMER WORkINg TEMPERATuRE: -50 TO +110CPolyester elastomers are thermoplastic materials; they are co-polyesters that contain both polyether and polyester.
The properties of polyester elastomers are intermediate between those of rubber and engineering plastics. They have a good combination of physical properties at temperatures up to 110°c, excellent resistance to swell in oils, fats and fuels, and a good resistance to impact abrasion and extrusion. There are a number of applications where polyester elastomers can be used which include Wipers, Back Up Rings, anti extrusion devices and Scrapers.
POM – POlyACETAl WORkINg TEMPERATuRE: -50 TO +122CPOM has a temperature range of -50°c to 122°c in air, with intermittent use up to 160°c; service life is reduced by lengthy use in steam, hot water and strong acids.
POM has high mechanical strength, rigidity, fatigue endurance, dimensional stability, high resistance to repeated impacts, resilience and natural lubricity. it has excellent resistance to moisture, gasoline, solvents and many neutral chemicals.
Material Selection (Plastic)
Technical inFORMaTiOn MaTeRial SelecTiOn
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Technical inFORMaTiOn cheMical ReSiSTance
Organic CompoundsNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Acetic Acid C B C C A
Oleic Acid B B B A B
Acetic Anhydride C B C C B
Acetyle Chloride C C C C B
Ethanol A A A A A
Acetaldehyde C C C C A
Ethanolamine B B B C B
Aniline C B A B B
Trichlorethylene C C C A C
Chlorobenzene C C C B C
Tricrestyl Phodphate C C A A A
Dibutylphthalate C C A C A
Ethylene A A A A A
Hydrocarbon Octane A B C A C
Hydrocarbon Benzene C C C B C
Ketones Acetone C B B C A
Nitro Benzene C C C C C
Phenol C B A A B
Inorganic CompoundsNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Chromic Acid D D B A D
Hydrochloric Acid A A A A D
Nitric Acid D D D B D
Phosphoric Acid B A B A B
Sulphuric Acid D A D A C
Caustic Soda A A A B A
Ammonia A A A D A
Carbon Disulphide C C C A C
Hydrogen Peroxide C B B A D
Steam up to 3.5 bar B A A B A
Water A A A B A
RefrigerantsNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Ammonia A A A D A
Ethylene Glycol A A A D A
Freon 11 C C C B C
Freon 12 A A C B B
Freon 22 C B C C B
Sulphur Dioxide C B A A A
Legend A = Resistant to swelling B = Slight swelling C = Excessive Swelling D = Unsuitable
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Technical inFORMaTiOn cheMical ReSiSTance
Lubricants and GreasesNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Brake Fluid ( Castor Based ) C B A C A
Cellosolve C B C C C
Grease mineral A B B A C
Ester DTD 825 B C B A B
Hydraulic FluidsNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Aqueous Eel 6 A A A A B
Mineral Dtd 585 A B C A C
Ester based ( Skydrol 500 ) C C C A C
Lubricanting OilsNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Mineral Ded 2472 A A A A C
Hypoid A B A A C
Ester Ded 2487 B C B A C
Parraffin B B C A C
Silicone oils A A C A A
Transformer Oils A B B A C
Vegetable Oils A A A A A
GasesNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Chlorine ( Wet ) D D C B B
Calor Gas B D B A B
Carbon Dioxide A A A A B
Caol Gas B B B A B
Hydrogen A A A A A
Natural Gas A A A A A
Nitrogen A A A A A
Oxygen A A A A A
FuelsNBR CR MQ FKM EPDM
Diesel Oil B CR B A C
Gas Oil B C C A C
Fuel Oil B C C A B
Petrol B C C A C
Solvent Naphtha C C C A C
Legend A = Resistant to Swelling B = Slight Swelling C = Excessive Swelling D = Surface Attack
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Technical inFORMaTiOn cheMical ReSiSTance
ChemicalsPOM PC PA PTFE PU
Acids D A D A D
Hydrocarbons A B A A A
Water A A B A A
Alkalies B D B A D
Ammonias B D B B B
Mineral / Vegetable Oils B A A A B
Alphatics B A A A B
Alcohols A A B A B
Ketones A D A A D
Esters B D A A B
HFC fluids B D B A D
Phenols B B D B B
Trichloroethylene B D D B B
Greases B B A B B
Ozone B B B B A
Steam B B B A D
Petroleum Products B B B A A
Ethers A B B B B
Aromatic Carbons B D B A B
Legend A = Resistant to Swelling B = Slight Swelling C = Excessive Swelling D = Surface Attack
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Technical inFORMaTiOn cOnVeRSiOn chaRTS
TEMPERATuRE CoNvERSIoN
° C ° F
-51.0 -60 -76.0
-46.0 -50 -58.0
-40.0 -40 -40.0
-34.0 -30 -22.0
-29.0 -20 -4.0
-23.0 -10 14.0
-17.8 0 32.0
-12.2 10 50.0
-6.7 20 68.0
-1.1 30 86.0
0 32 89.6
4.4 40 104.0
10.0 50 122.0
15.6 60 140.0
21.1 70 158.0
26.7 80 176.0
32.2 90 194.0
37.8 100 212.0
43.3 110 230.0
48.9 120 248.0
54.4 130 266.6
60.0 140 284.0
65.6 150 302.0
71.1 160 320.0
76.7 170 338.0
82.2 180 356.0
87.8 190 374.0
93.3 200 392.0
98.9 210 410.0
104.4 220 428.0
110.0 230 446.0
115.6 240 464.0
121.1 250 482.0
126.7 260 500.0
137.8 280 536.0
148.9 300 572.0
160.0 320 608.0
171.1 340 644.0
182.2 360 680.0
193.3 380 716.0
204.4 400 752.0
PRESSuRE CoNvERSIoNS
PSI BAR KN/M2
1 0.069 6.895
2 0.138 13.790
3 0.207 20.685
4 0.276 27.580
5 0.345 34.475
6 0.414 41.370
7 0.483 48.265
8 0.552 55.160
9 0.621 62.055
10 0.690 68.950
20 1.379 137.900
30 2.069 206.850
40 2.759 275.800
50 3.448 344.750
60 4.137 413.700
70 4.827 482.650
80 5.516 551.600
90 6.203 620.550
100 6.895 689.500
200 13.790 1379.000
300 20.690 2068.500
400 27.580 2758.000
500 34.480 3447.500
600 41.370 4137.000
700 48.270 4826.500
800 55.160 5516.000
900 62.030 6205.500
1000 68.950 6895.000
2000 137.900 13790.000
3000 206.850 20685.000
4000 275.800 27580.000
5000 344.750 34475.000
6000 413.700 41370.000
7000 482.650 48265.000
8000 551.600 55160.000
9000 620.550 62055.000
10000 689.500 68950.000
dIMENSIoNAL CoNvERSIoNS
INChES MM MM INChES
0.0005 0.012 0.005 0.00019
0.001 0.025 0.01 0.00039
0.002 0.05 0.02 0.00078
0.003 0.076 0.03 0.00118
0.004 0.10 0.04 0.00157
0.005 0.12 0.06 0.00197
0.006 0.15 0.07 0.00236
0.007 0.17 0.08 0.00275
0.008 0.20 0.09 0.00315
0.009 0.22 0.10 0.00354
0.010 0.25 0.20 0.00394
0.020 0.50 0.30 0.00787
0.030 0.76 0.40 0.0118
0.040 1.01 0.50 0.0157
0.050 1.27 0.60 0.0196
0.060 1.52 0.70 0.0236
0.070 1.77 0.80 0.0315
0.080 2.03 0.90 0.0354
0.090 2.28 1.00 0.0394
0.100 2.54 2.00 0.0787
0.200 5.08 3.00 0.1181
0.300 7.62 4.00 0.1575
0.400 10.16 5.00 0.1968
0.500 12.70 6.00 0.2362
0.600 15.24 7.00 0.2755
0.700 17.78 8.00 0.1349
0.800 20.32 9.00 0.3543
0.900 22.86 10.00 0.3937
1.000 25.40 20.00 0.787
2.000 50.79 30.00 1.181
3.000 76.19 40.00 1.575
4.000 101.60 50.00 1.968
5.000 127.00 60.00 2.362
6.000 152.40 70.00 2.755
7.000 177.79 80.00 3.149
8.000 203.19 90.00 3.543
9.000 228.60 100.00 3.937
10.000 254.00 200.00 7.874
300.00 11.811
400.00 15.748
The figure in the centre column is the given value of temperature (either in ºF or ºC).The equivalent temperature in the other scale can then be red off either in the right hand column(ºF equivalent to ºC entered on the centre scale); or in the left hand column (ºC equivalent to ºF entered on the centre scale).
WEBSITE: www.ludowici.com.au EMAIL: [email protected]
1300 724 739SydNEy
1800 629 938MELBouRNE (03) 9767 6888
AdELAIdE (08) 7420 2404
PERTh (08) 9365 4213
2010/06 – T:13
Technical inFORMaTiOn Seal liFe
What affects Seals life?When considering the performance of a seal, it is important to consider the combined effect of the below criteria as a whole, as any condition above the maximum stated operating conditions will require the other operating conditions to be reduce. also for a seal to be effective, reliable, with a sufficiently long working life, it is necessary to select the correct material, which can be more important than the profile.
SpeedSpeed is related to the generated friction between the seals and the dynamic sealing surface, and therefore effects the performance of the seal. During the sliding motion of the seal, the lip hydroplanes on the film of oil and this determines the so called “leakage” and the life of the seal.low speeds, generally below 0.05 m/s, gives good results in regards to leakage. however at low speeds, the boundary layer of oil is breached causing seal to metal contact which causes “stick-slip” movement, increased friction and results in reduced seal life.Medium speed is considered between 0.05 - 0.3 m/s and is the most favorable condition for the seal’s life.high speeds generally above 0.3 m/s cause the boundary layer of oil to increase in thickness
PressurePressure causes extrusion of the seal into the extrusion gap, which exists on the non-pressure side of the seat.low pressure is considered less than 50 bar and in the environment the majority of leaks occur. This is caused by the sealing lips not having enough system pressure to energise them and the oil film passes under the lips causing what is perceived to be a leak. choosing an appropriate profile and material can greatly reduce the situation.Medium pressure is considered to be between 50 and 150 bar and is the most common system pressure used today. The system pressure energisers the sealing lips and delivers a good sealing environment.high pressure is considered over 150 bar and in this environment seals perform well in regards to leakage. high pressures, however bring other damaging effects such as extrusion, excessive wear and greatly reduces the life of the system.
TemperatureBrittleness of the seal will result if the temperature is too low; compression set of the seal will result if the temperature is to high. higher temperatures effect the viscosity of the sealing media, resulting in greater extrusion and increased friction, lead to a reduced seal life.
WEBSITE: www.ludowici.com.au EMAIL: [email protected]
1300 724 739SydNEy
1800 629 938MELBouRNE (03) 9767 6888
AdELAIdE (08) 7420 2404
PERTh (08) 9365 4213
2010/06 – T:14
Technical inFORMaTiOn SelecTiOn anD inSTallaTiOn OF SealS
FACToR CONSIDERATIONS
Pressure What is the system pressure?
Medium What is the fluid? Oil, water, air etc
Speed What is the required speed? is it constant? is it slow (< 0.05 m/s)
Temperature Where is the equipment being used? is it exposed to radiant heat?
Shock loading are there pressure spikes?
Operating cycle is it constant or intermittent operation?
Application Where is the equipment used? What does it do?
Design is it a single acting or double acting cylinder? is it a ram? is it a rotary seal? is the housing split?
Friction Does the equipment need low friction? Does it need to have good position control?
Cylinder bore surface finish how is the cylinder made? What is the bore finish? is it honed?
Rod surface finish how is the rod made? What is the surface finish?
Environment is the environment clean, dirty, dusty?
INSTAllATION The system media should be compatible with the seal material.
The system incorporates a suitable filtering component.
no damage has been caused to the rod, piston or cylinder which would alter the design surface and / or machining tolerances.
The seal selection is of the correct size and type.
The seal is undamaged and free of foreign matter.
The sealing edges are coated with a clean and compatible lubricant to facilitate assembly and give lubrication for initial start up.
The seal housing, both static and dynamic are thoroughly cleaned.
avoid contact of seal with threads, sharp edges and ports by using suitable fitting sleeves and aids during assembly.
Specify piston and gland bearings which are adequately proportioned to support the cylinder loads.
Keep seals distortion free in a clean, dark, dry and cool environment prior to fitting
Specify adequate lead in chamfers for the cylinder.
WEBSITE: www.ludowici.com.au EMAIL: [email protected]
1300 724 739SydNEy
1800 629 938MELBouRNE (03) 9767 6888
AdELAIdE (08) 7420 2404
PERTh (08) 9365 4213
2010/06 – T:15
Technical inFORMaTiOn PeRMiTTeD eXTRUSiOn GaPS
WEBSITE: www.ludowici.com.au EMAIL: [email protected]
1300 724 739SydNEy
1800 629 938MELBouRNE (03) 9767 6888
AdELAIdE (08) 7420 2404
PERTh (08) 9365 4213
2010/06 – T:16
Technical inFORMaTiOn STORaGe OF SealS
TemperatureThe storage temperature shall be below 38 °c (100 °F), except when higher temperatures are caused by temporary climate changes, and articles shall be stored away from direct sources of heat such as boilers, radiators, and direct sunlight.NOTE: If the storage temperature is below 15 °C (59 °F), care should be exercised during the handling of stored articles as they may have stiffened and become susceptible to distortion if not handled carefully. The temperature of articles stored below 15 °C (59 °F) shall be raised to approximately 20 °C (68 °F) throughout their mass before being installed into a component.
humidityThe relative humidity shall be such that given the variations of temperature in storage, condensation does not occur. in any event, if the elastomers are not stored in sealed moisture proof bags, the relative humidity of the atmosphere in storage shall be less than 75% r h, or if polyurethanes are being stored, shall be less than 65% r h.
lightelastomeric seals shall be protected from light sources, in particular direct sunlight or intense artificial light having an ultraviolet content. The individual storage bags offer the best protection as long as they are UV resistant.NOTE: It is advisable that windows of storage rooms where elastomers are stored in bulk be covered with a red or orange coating or screen.
RadiationPrecautions shall be taken to protect stored articles from all sources of ionizing radiation likely to cause damage to stored articles.
Ozoneas ozone is particularly deleterious to some elastomeric seals, storage rooms shall not contain any equipment that is capable of generating ozone such as mercury vapor lamps, high voltage electrical equipment giving rise to electric sparks or silent electrical discharges. combustion gases and organic vapor shall be excluded from storage rooms as they may give rise to ozone via photochemical processes.
Deformationelastomeric seals shall be stored free from superimposed tensions and compressive stresses
or other causes of deformation. Where articles are packaged in a strain-free condition, they shall be stored in their original packaging. in case of doubt, the manufacturer’s advise shall be sought.Rings of large inside diameter shall be formed into three equal superimposed loops so as to avoid creasing or twisting.NOTE: It is not possible to achieve this condition by forming just two loops.
contact With liquid and Semi-Solid Materialselastomeric seals shall not be allowed to come into contact with liquid or semi-solid materials (for example, gasoline, greases, acids, disinfectants, cleaning fluids) or their vapors at any time during storage unless these materials are by design an integral part of the component or the manufacturer’s packaging. When elastomeric seals are received coated with their operational media, they shall be stored in this condition.
contact With Metalscertain metals and their alloys (in particular, copper, manganese, and iron) are known to have deleterious effects on elastomers. elastomeric seals shall not be stored in contact with such metals (except when bonded to them) but shall be protected by individual packaging.
contact With Dusting PowderDusting powders shall only be used for the packaging of elastomeric items in order to prevent blocking. in such instances, the minimum quantity of powder to prevent adhesion shall be used.
contact Between Different elastomerscontact between different polymeric elastomers and elastomers of different seals shall be avoided.They shall not be packaged together in the same envelope.
elastomeric Seals with Metal Parts Bonded to themThe metal part of bonded elastomeric seals shall not come in contact with the elastomeric element of another seal. The bonded seal shall be individually packaged. any preservative used on the metal shall be such that it will not affect the elastomeric element or the bond to such an extent that the seal will not comply with the product specification.