technical considerations on biomass fired boilers for heat and power - research in chec, dtu weigang...
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![Page 1: Technical considerations on biomass fired boilers for heat and power - Research in CHEC, DTU Weigang Lin CHEC Research Center Department of Chemical and](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022070308/551c3b33550346a3488b4815/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Technical considerations on biomass fired boilers for heat and power - Research in CHEC, DTU
Weigang Lin
CHEC Research CenterDepartment of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark
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2 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Outline
• Brief introduction of DTU Chemical Engineering and CHEC research center
• Problems in biomass fired boilers• Fundamental studies
–Deposit–Corrosion–Aerosol emissions–Counter measures–Gasification
• Concluding remarks
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3 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
DTU Chemical Engineering:
Lyngby
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4 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
CHEC Research Center
• New and Fundamental knowledge on• High Temperature Processes• Formation and Reduction of Harmful Components and
Particulates• Catalysis and Chemical Product Design
• To assist enterprises and governmental organisations
• To train engineers and researchers
• To catalyze international cooperation
Combustion and Harmful Emission Control (CHEC)
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5 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Development of CHEC
2000
Time
2010
Acidification Debate
1990
Coal
Fluid Bed
SO2
NOx
Bio-mass
Alkali
Corrosion-depositions
Models
Cement
Waste
Products
Coatings
Catalysis
Gasification
Pharma
Minerals
Merger Risø
Systematic development of experimental methods and modeling tools
Focus on Reaction Engineering, Transport processes
New pilot
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6 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
CHECKDJ
CombustionPGl
GasificationUBH
Fuel Pretreatment
JA
DiognosticsSC
InorganicsFF
CatalysisAJ
Products and Pharma
SK
Project coordination
JBI
Technique, Pilot facilities
PAJ
SDC CoordinationWL
CHEC Organization
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7 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
New MSc Programme Started in China
A full MSc programme on chemical and Biochemical Engineering, with focus on Biomass, is launched in Beijing, China. The programme offers Danish and Chinese students the possibility of obtaining a dual degree from DTU and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS).
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8 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Problems in firing of biomass
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9 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Main reason for the problems
KCl Ash deposition
Bed agglomeration
Corrosion
SCR deactivation
PM2.5
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10 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
K-S-Cl Chemistry in Straw-Fired Systems:
K in straw
KCl/KOH (g)
K-Ca-silicates in bottom ash
KCl/K2SO4 nucleation/
heterogeneous condensation
K2SO4 (g)
SO2
Cl in straw
HCl (g)
Cl in bottom ash
HCl emission
KCl (g) SO2
K2SO4 (g)
S in straw
SO2 (g)
S in bottom ash
SO2 emission
K2SO4 (g) (+
HCl)
KCl / KOH
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11 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Deposit Formation:Layered structure:
cm
> 0.7
100% KCl
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12 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Measuring Campaigns at Grate Boilers:Fly Ash and Deposit Chemistry• Haslev and Slagelse CHPs (probe), 1994 • Rudkøbing CHP (probe + mature), 1995• Masnedø CHP (probe + mature), 1996-1997, 2000-2002
• Maribo-Sakskøbing CHP (mature), 2001, 2004
• Probe deposits: short term [~ 2-10 hours] exposure of cooled probes (finger print chemistry)
• Mature deposits: In-boiler, long term [~ 103 hours] exposed deposits (real chemistry, including chemical reaction sintering)
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13 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Measuring Campaigns at Grate Boilers
Maribo-Sakskøbing boiler Rudkøbing boiler
Haslev boiler Slagelse boiler
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14 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Deposit Chemistry
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15 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Boiler wall
Probe
Superheaters
CCD camera
Flue gas flow
New, advanced probe:
- Heat transfer
- Mass of deposits
- Temperatures (flue gas and probe)
- Video – visible and IRAfter 3 hr
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16 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Corrosion
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17 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Corrosion induced by Deposit
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18 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Selective Cl-Corrosion: Influence of Methal Temperature
Metal temperature
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19 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Aerosol (PM2.5) emissions
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20 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Main mechanisms for formation of aerosols during biomass combustion
From van Loo and Koopejan (2002).
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21 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Aerosol in a Straw-Fired Boiler
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22 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Effect of Additives on Aerosol Mass Loading in a Straw-Fired Boiler:
mg/Nm3
mg/Nm3
dAero, nm
dAero, nm
Ca-P
S
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23 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
• Aerosol sampling: before SCR unit, T=350oC
• Deposit probe measurement: location B, T= 780±20 oC
• Deposit probe measurement: location A, T= 1275±50 oC
Aerosol emission in Avedøre unit 2
Damø et al. (2014), Wu et al. (2013)
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24 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Mass-based particle size distribution of aerosols
• Significant reduction of submicron aerosol formation with addition of coal fly ash
• Similar effect for the addition of 6 ton/h and 3 ton/h coal fly ash Damø et al. (2014)
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25 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Possible counter measures to reduce the risk of the problems
+
Co-combustion
Pretreatment
Boiler modification
Boiler SCR ESP
Boiler ESP SCR
Additives
+
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26 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Gasification
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27 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Two Stage Pilot Plant at Weiss A/S
1:1 1:10
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DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
(LT-CFB) PyroneerDONG Energy Asnæsværket
Low Temperature Circulating Fluid Bed (LT-CFB)
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29 DTU Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark
Concluding remarks
• Cl, K and S cause severe operational problems in biomass fired boilers for heat and power production, especially deposition, corrosion, agglomeration and aerosol emissions
• Co-firing biomass and coal can significantly reduce the operational problems
• Application of right additives may be the other solution
• Biomass to power through gasification
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Thanks for the Attention