technical committee on

Technical Committee on

Subterranean Spaces

Fred N. Kisseil, Chair U.S. Nat'l Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, PA [RT]

Alex S. Boyer, III, Carmar Group, lnc., MO [U] Rep. Int'l Assn. of Refrigerated Warehouses

Joseph A. Cappucclo, RolfJensen & Assoc., Inc., VA [SE] Donald D. Cummins, Louisville Fire & Rescue, KY [El Michael Earl Dillon, Dillon Consulting Engr, Inc., CA [SE] Charles J. Doughty, Nat'l Underground Storage, Inc., PA [M] ~ mes C. Duddy, Kansas City Missouri Fire Dept., MO [E]

illiam F. Jacobs, U.S. Fire Administration, MD [SE] Lisa J. Krause, Hunt Midwest Real Estate Development, Inc.. MO

[ u l Ronald J. Land, DynMcDermott Petroleum Operations Co., LA

[u] J~m D. Lewis, American Fire Sprinkler Corp., KS [IM]

racy IL Lundin, Sverdrup Civil, Inc., MA [IM] Rep. American Underground-Construction Assn.

Roy Marshall, State of Iowa, IA [E] Rep. Nat'l Assn. of State Fire Marshals

Francis P. McGarry, Frank McGarry, Assoc., Inc., NY [SE] Anthony Meister, Fire Protection and Code Consultants, MO [SE] David A. Melzer, Midland Commerical Properties, Inc., MO [U] Richard S. Michael, Wyandotte County Health Dept., KS [El Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Eng., Inc., KS [SE] Edwin A. Rust, II, Kansas City Kansas Fire Dept., KS [E] Howard (Mike) Thomas, U.S. General Services Administration

(6PMT-W), MO [U] B. J. Walker, Walker & Assoc., MO [SE] Ronald 1L Walker, American Forest & Paper Assn., CA [M] William D. Wall, Int'l Conference of Building Offidals, MO [E]

Rep. Int'l Conference of Building Officials Nevan L. Wolfe, Jr., U.S. Dept. of the Army, MD [U] Donald 1L Woodard, Donald 1L Woodard AICP, MO [U]

Rep. Underground Development Assn.

Alternates

Bruce L. Abell, Poole Fire Protection Engr, Inc., KS [SE] (Alt. to J. Poole)

Terry Brown, Carmar Group, Inc., MO [U] (Alt. to A. S. Boyer)

Sam W. Francis, American Forest & Paper Assn., PA [M] (AIt. to R. IL Walker)

Charles P. Lazzara, U.S. Nat'l Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, PA [RT]

(Alt. to F. N. Kissell) Charles A~ Roult, American Fire Sprinkler Corp., KS [IM]

(Alt. to J. D. Lewis) Tom Steadman, Hunt Midwest Real Estate, MO [U]

(/tilt. to L.J. Krause) Paul J. Villottl, Fire Protection and Code Consultants, Inc., MO

[SEI (Alt. to A. Meister)

Staff Liaison: James D. Lake

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to classification~ is found at the back of this document.

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on safeguarding l i fe and property against fire, explosion, and related hazards associated with occupancies located in subterranean spaces not addressed by other documents.

The Report of the Committee on Subterranean Spaces is presented for adoption.

This Report was prepared by the Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces, and proposes for adoption a new document NFPA 520, Standard on Subterranean Spaces.

This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces, which consists of 25 voting members. The results of the balloting, after drculation of any negative votes, can be found in the report.

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(Log #CP3) 520- 1 - (1-1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Add the following to the bulleted llst in

] this section. ] "cut and cover underground facilities specifically addressed in the [ building code"

SUBSTANTIATION: The term "cut and cover are those buildings that represent a high rise building built under ground, with only the components above grade to be an exit enclosure, ventilation shaft or equipment or other building equipment, not a level or story at the grade level. This modificataon will also cover the intent of Proposal 520-2 (Log #66). COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25 COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE:

WALL: Add appendix material based on the substantiation.

(Log #6fi) 520- 2- (IDA): Reject SUBMITYER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: In Section 1-1.1 following the sentence "* aboveground buildings with below ground stories ~', insert "*_. underground structures snecificallv addressed bv the building code.~ v SUBSTANTIATION: The definition of a subterranean space includes the perspective of an underground development style created by the extraction of subsurface material where the surface area is relatively undisturbed. NFPA 520, Standard on Subterranean Spaces should not apply to underground buildings which do not have above ground stories. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Proposal 520-1 (Log #CP3) as a modification to include the term cut and cover" and inclusion of this information in the definition. NUMBER OF COMMITIT~E MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #17) 520- 5 - (1-4.2 Building): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise the definition of Bui|ding as follows:

Building. An area of the subterranean space which is separated from the common space or the undeveloped space by fire resistive construction as reouired by Section 2-2. SUBSTANTIATIg)N: All areas should be specifically identified so that it is clear that the word "building ~ is defined as all areas of the subterranean spaces except the common space and the undeveloped space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

| Delete "as required by Section 2-2" from proposal. [ New definition should read: | Building. An area of subterranean space which is separated from [ the common space or the undeveloped space by fire resistive [ construction.

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Definitions should not contain requirements. Therefore it is more appropriate to give a general definition and address the requirements for the construction in a separate section. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #18) 520- 6 - (1-4.2 Developed): Accept SUBMITTER: .lack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Revise the definition of Developed to read [ as follows: ] Developed Space. An area of the subterranean space ~ a t has ] been altered or used for advanced industrial or commercial | capability, technological sophistication, or economic productivity.

SUBSTANTIATION: The key to this Proposal is to add the word "space" and to refer to a specific area of the subterranean space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITrEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP10) 520- 3- (1-3): Accept

. SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces I RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows: ] "Where requirements for existing subterranean spaces apply in I this standard, a limited but reasonable time shall be allowed for [ compliance, commensurate with the magnitude of the | expenditure, disruption of services and degree of hazard."

SUBSTANTIATION: The committee felt this statement is necessary for guidance on enforcing the requirements for existing subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITI'EE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


WALL: Add appendix material that would amplify on suggested maximum time flames and degree of hazard.

(Log #16) 520- 4- (1-3.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

] RECOMMENDATION: Section 1-3.2 should be provided wills an ] asterisk (*). The material in the appendix should be the material ] currendy written in Add.2.

SUBSTANTIATION: The appendix material in A-1-1.2 more-so relates to Section 1-3.2 and there is no section 1-1.2. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Committee agrees with proponent and will move and renumber A-I-I.2 as A-1-3.9. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP1 ) 520- 7 - (1-4.2 Developed Space): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Modify the definition for Developed Space by deleting %r used for" and replacing it with "for the use of", so text will now read as follows:

Developed Space. An area of the subterranean space that has been altered for the use of advanced industrial capability, technological sophistication, or economic productivity. SUBSTANTIATION: The committee feels this language is more inclusive and better defines the committees intent. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #19) 520- 8 - (1-4.2 Exit Passageway): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise the definition of Developed to read as follows:

Exit Passageway. A fire rated enclosure having a minimum fire resistive constructigl I of 1-hr which leads from any area of the subterranean space to the exterior public way. SUBSTANTIATION: Typically, an exit passageway is constructed to provide a protected (1-hr enclosure) path of travel to the public way. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Section 3-9.1 already addresses the separation of exit passageways. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

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(Log #CP4) 520- 9 - (1-4.2 Exterior Building Wall): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces

I RECOMMENDATION: Add the word "Building" to the definition of Exterior Wail.

New term will be "Exterior Building Wall". SUBSTANTIATION: Adding the word "building ~ clarifies that exterior walls can be combination of constructedwall and rock surfaces such aspillars, but are not to be confused with the rock wall surface on the perimeter or the subterranean space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMrrTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #20) 520- 10 - (1-4.2 Exterior Wall): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Delete the definition of Exterior Wall. SUBSTANTIATION: There is no rationale of why an exterior wall needs to be defined. The walls around a "building" are identified in the standard as "exterior building walls". COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee feels that an exterior wall needs to be defined in the standard. See Committee Proposai 520-9 (Log #CP4) for a definition that addresses the submitters concerns. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #14) 520- 11 - (1-4.2 High Hazard Occupancy (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, Underground Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Add a new definition to read as follows:

High Hazard Occunancv. Buildings that involve the manufacturing, nrocessing. ~eneration or storage of materials that constitute a high fire hazard. Buildimts which contain less than the ouantifies shown in Table 2-1 [at the bottom of this page) shall not I~e considered High Hazardous Occunancies.

SUBSTANTIATION: The standard does not address incidental qalUantities of high hazard materials. The new text and table will

low occupanoes with minimal quantities of high hazard materials to be classified as the primary occupancy not as a high hazard occupancy. A typical example of this is a small welding shop in a large warehouse facility used only to repair electric forklifts. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Add definition for High Hazard Occupancy as follows: "Buildings or portions of subterranean space that involves the

manufacturing, processing, use, generation or storage of materials that constitute a high hazard."

Modify Section 2-1 as follows: "High hazard occupancies that contain materials that are within

i the maximum quantities of exempt amounts in Table 2-1 are i permitted. i Accept Table 2-1 as submitted. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Since high hazard occupancies are addressed in Section 2-1, a definition should also be included in the standard. However, the proposed definition mixed in requirements with the definition. The current draft of NFPA 520 does not permit high hazard materials to be used, handled or stored in subterranean spaces. Provided that the high hazard materials are limited and properly protected, the committee feels that they should be permitted in these quantities. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


WALL: Use Table from 1997 UBC.

(Log #21) 520- 12 - (1-4.2 Parking Area): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Hre Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise the definition of Parking Area to read as follows:

Parking Area. An area used for parking of occupant vehicles or vehicles that ar~ being Ioad~0 or unloaded and which are not intended to serve as storage of vehlcles. SUBSTANTIATION: The definition was modified to include the vehicles that may be parked during the loading or unloading of goods.

Material Solid (lbs)

Table 2-I Exempt Amount of High Hazard Materials Maximum Quantities Per Control Area t

Class Gas

Combustible liquid s'4 1I III-A III-B

Combustible fiber (loose) (baled)

Explosives Flammable solid Flammable gas

(gaseous) (liquefied

Flammable liquid s'4

Combination l-A, I-B, I-C

I-A I-B I-C

100 cuft 1000 cuft

I s 125 ~s

UseLOpen Solid

S t o l ~ e z Liqmd

33O ~ 13,2005'6

1 Ib s

154, .~

9O5

Gas ( I t s )

7504~

User-Closed Systems Solid Liquid I (Ibs) (~al) [

120 330

13,2006

100 cuft 1000 cu ft

0.25 0.25 lb

154, 5 3O 6O 9O 120

(fP)

750~s

(~)

20 cuft 200 cu ft

0.25

tControl areas shall be separated form each other by not less than i-hr fire-resistive construction. The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two. The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four. *The aggregate quantity in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. SThe quantities of alcoholic beverages in retail sales uses are unlimited provided the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding four liters. The quantities of medicines, foodstuffs, and cosmetics containing not more than 50 percent of volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solutions not being flammable in retail sales or storage occupancies are unlimited when packaged in individual containers not exceeding four liters. 4Quantities may be increased 100 percent in sprinklered buildings. When Footnote 5 also applies, the increase for both footnotes may be applied. 5Quantities may be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, gas cabinets, or exhausted enclosures. When Footnote 4 also applies, the increase for both footnotes may be applied. SThe quantities permitted in a sprinklered building are not limited.

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COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMrrTEE STATEMENT: Commingling "parking" and "loading" is not necessary because loading docks are covered in the definition of common space. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #22) 520- 13 - (1-4.2 Railway): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise the definition of Railway to read as follows:

Railway. Any passageway within the subterranean space intended for use of trains or other railway vehicles. SUBSTANTIATION: The definition was modified to be inclusive of other railway vehicles since "trains" is too generic. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #24) 520- 17 - (1-4.2 Subterranean Space): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Appendix material should be added to explain "large fire department apparatus" or the definition should be modified to explain the committee's intent which is a roadway that will accommodate the largest fire department vehicle of the local fire department that may be required to drive within the subterranean space. SUBSTANTIATION: What does the committee mean as "large fire department apparatus?" COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: No language was proposed. The committee agrees with the proponent. However, the requirements for fire department access are adequately covered in Section 6-3 of the standard. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #23) 520- 14 - (1-4.2 Roadway): Accept in Principle SUBMITrER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise the definition of Roadway to read as follows:

Roadway. Any passageway within the subterranean space intended for use by motor vehicles or pedestrian traffic. SUBSTANTIATION: The definition was modified to be inclusive of pedestrian traffic since some of the so called roadway spaces may not be wide enough to accommodate a vehicle but will be used by pedestrians. COMMITrEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Change the definition to read as follows: Roadway. Any passageway within the subterranean space intended

for use by motor vehicles, or by motor vehicles and pedestrian traffic. COMMITrEE STATEMENT: The intent is to allow pedestrians to use the roadway for egress. This revision identifies that pedestrian ways that are to narrow for motor vehicle traffic are not defined as roadways. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP6) 520- 15 - (1.4.2 Roadway, Fire Department Vehicle): Accept SUBMITrER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Delete the word "large" from the definition of Roadway, Fire Department Vehicle to read as follows:

Roadway, Fire Department Vehicle. Any major thoroughfare designated for fire department apparatus. SUBSTANTIATION: A designation of size of the vehicle is not necessary as Section 6-3 and its appendix provides the requirements for these roadways. COMMI'[TEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #1) 520- 16- (1.4.2 Subterranean Space): Reject SUBMITTER: William F. Jacobs, FEMA/USFA RECOMMENDATION: Add to Chapter 1 "1.4 Definitions" Subterranean space - add "cut and cover construction". SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 520 is general in nature and the new chapter will comply with Public Law 104-113 as signed by President Clinton. This stand-alone Chapter will address the governments subterranean facilities. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: This is a standard industry term and this construction type is outside the scope of this document. NUMBER OF COMMrrTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25

(Log #51) 520- 18 - (1-4.2 Undeveloped Space (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Add a new definition to read as follows: ] Undeveloped Space. The portion of the subterranean space that [ has been mined, but has not been altered or used for advanced [ industrial capability, technological sophistication, or economic [ productivity.

SUBSTANTIATION: Since developed has been defined I think we should also define undeveloped space. Based upon the definitions of NFPA 520 there are four areas of a subterranean space: building space, common space, developed space (could be both the building and common space) and undeveloped space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITrEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITI'EE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP2) 520- 19 - (1-4.2 Undeveloped Space (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces

[ RECOMMENDATION: Modify the definition for Undeveloped [ Space by deleting "or used for" and replacing it with "for the use [ of", so text will now read as follows: I Undeveloped Space. The portion of the subterranean space that [ has been mined, but has not been altered for the use of advanced ] industrial capability, technological sophistication or economic [ productivity.

SUBSTANTIATION: The committee feels this language is more indusive and better defines the committees intent. COMMrrTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 24 NEGATIVE: 1

I~dPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: This item is nearly identical to the Committee Action

in Proposal 520-18 (Log #51). Since they cannot both be approved as indicated by the Committee Action, it is my belief that Proposal 520-18 (Log #51) is the better wording.

(Log #13) 520- 20 - (2-1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, Underground Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

. 2-1 Occupancy. The following occupancies are allowed within buildings: Assembly, Business, Educational, Detention and Correctional, Health Care, Residential, Industrial, Mercantile, and Storage.

In addition to the requirements contained herein, assembly, educational, detention and correctional, health care and

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residential occupancies shall comply with the provisions of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.

High hazard occupancies are n o t permit ted . Except ion No. 1: Combust ib le liquids necessary for emergency

power genera t ion and o ther emergency e q u i p m e n t shall be pe rmi t t ed in accordance with 2-2.1.5.

Except ion No. 2: Class II a n d Glass III f l ammgble and combust ib le liouids shall be ne rmi t t ed to be s tored in rooms in accordance with 9-1.1. The storage a n d use of o ther h igh hazard z~mbu~t '~!z materials c.r ~t.~.zr !~^-..2.r~-.:~ m.~ter'.~!: may be pe rmi t t ed when approved by the author i ty having jur isdict ion.

2-1.1 Storage of Class II and Class III Liquids. All Class II and Class Ill l iouids shall comolv with t he following r e q u i r e m e n t s ,

2-1.1.1 Class II a n d Class HI-A f l ammable or combust ib le liqqid~ shall no t be used. d i soensed or mixed in ooen containers,

2-1.1.2 All Class II and Class IIl f l ammable or combust ib le l iauids shall be s tored in closed conta iners and shall comPlY w~tD the following:

(a~ All areas shall be senara ted f rom all o the r uses includgd c o m m o n st)ace by a 4-hr tire wall.

(b) Shelving. racks, and wainscoting in such ~reas shall be qf noncombust i l~le cons t ruc t ion or wood no t less than 1-in. nomini~l thickness.

(c) The floors in areas conta in in~ h igh haTard materials shall be o f noncombus t ib l e , l iouid-t ight construct ion.

(d) All areas con ta in ing h igh hazard materials shall be recessed a m i n i m u m of 4 in. or shall be provided with a l iouid-tight raised sill with a m i n i m u m he igh t o f 4 in. so as to orevent the flow of liouids to ad jo in ing areas. Excet)t for surfacing, the sill shall be cons t ruc ted o f noncombus t ib l e material , and the l iouid-tight seal shall be comnat ib le with the material be ing stored. W h e n liqt)igl- t ight sills are-vrovided, they may be omit ted at door ooenings by the installation of an o o e n ~ r a t e t r ench which connects to an ant)roved dra inage system.

(e) All areas shall be orovided with a dra inage svstem to direg~ the flow of liouids to ar~ avDroved location, or - the room. building. or area shall I~e des igned t~oorovide secondary c o n t a i n m e n t for ~l~e h igh hazard material~and fire vrotec t ion watgr,

Drains f rom the area shall be sized to carry the sprinkler system design flow rate over the st)rinkler system desitm area. T he slot)e of dra ins shall be less than" 1 t)ercent. Materials o f construct ion for the dra inage system shall be comnat ib le with the s tored materials.

Incomt)atible materials shall be s epa ra t ed form each o ther in the dra in systems. They mav be combi ned when they have been r e n d e r e d accentable for 'd i scharger by an approved m e a n s into the public sewer. -Drainage of st)illage and fire protec t ion water clirected to a neutral izer or t r ea tmen t system shall comply with the followiog:

1. The system shall be desimaed to hand le the m a x i m u m worst- case st)ill f rom the single largest conta iner olus the vo lume of flre- orotect ion water from~the svs~tem over the m i n i m u m design area for a ner iod o f 20 min.

2. ()verflow f rom the neutral izer or t r ea tmen t system shall I~e orovided to direct l iuuid leakage a n d fire t)rotection water to a safe location away. f rom (he area. building, any material or fire nrotecf ion control valve, m e a n s of e0~'ess, o t h e r huildine, or fire d e n a r t m e n t access roadway,

(i3 Conta inment . All dra ins in the area shall be directed to it c o n t a i n m e n t system or o ther location des igned as secondalT con t a inmen t for the h igh hazard liould and fire protect ion water for the building, r oom or a rea shal f be des igned to vrovide secondary c o n t a i n m e n t of h igh hazard lioui-ds and fire nrotec t ion water t h rough the use o f recessed floors or l iouid-tight raised sills,

Secondary c o n t a i n m e n t shall be des i tmed to retain the shill f rom the largest single conta iner olus the desima flow rate o f the st)rinkler system for the area of the r o o m or area in which the storage is I'ocated or the sorinkler svstem design area. whichevgr iS smaller. T h e c o n t a i n m e n t cat)acitv shall be capable of con ta in ine the flow for a Period of 20 lllin.

Overflow f rom the secondarv c o n t a i n m e n t system shall be provided to direct l iouid leakage a n d fire pro tec t ion W'gter to a safe location away f rom the building, any material or fire protect ion control valve, m e a n s of emress, o t h e r bu i ld ing or fire access roadway,

W h e n secondary c o n t a i n m e n t is reouired, a mon i to r ing m e t h o d capable o f de tec t ing h igh hazard material leakage for t he or imarv c o n t a i n m e n t into t he secondary c o n t a i n m e n t shall be provided. W h e n visual insuect ion o f the v r imarv con t a inmen t is no t uractical, o the r aDnroved m e a n s of mon i to r i ng may be provided. ~ / h e n secondarv c o n t a i n m e n t may be subject to the i n f u s i o n o f water, a mon i to r ina m e t h o d for such water shall be provided. Wheneve r mon i to r i ng devices are provided: they shall be connec t ed to distinct-visual or a~0ible alal3ffls. S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : The s torage o f Class II a n d Class III f l ammable and combust ib le l iquids if proper ly pro tec ted shou ld be allowed in sub t e r r anean spaces. T h e Un i fo rm Building Code a n d NFPA 30 allow the s torage of Class II a n d Class III liquids in basemen t s with appropr ia te protect ion. In addit ion, the bui ldings are requi red to be sprinklered. Sprinkler protect ion has shown to be very effective in control l ing and suppress ing f lammable an d combust ib le liquids fires. C O M M I T T E E A C T I O N : Accept in Principle.

Section 2-1 Except ion No. 2: delete the words "f lammable and" after Class III to read:

Except ion No. 2: Class II a n d Glass III combust ib le liquids shall be permi t ted to be s tored in rooms in accordance with 2-1.1. The storage and use of o ther h igh hazard materials may be pe rmi t t ed when approved by the author i ty having jurisdict ion.

Section 2-1.1.1 a n d 2-1.1.2: delete the words "f lammable or" after Class III to read:

2-1.1.1 Class II a n d Class III-A combust ib le liquids shall n o t be used, d i spensed or m ixed in open containers .

2-1.1.2 All Class II a n d Class III combust ib le liquids shall be s tored in closed conta iners and shall comply with the following:

Section 2-1.1.2(a) change "4-hr fire wall" to "2-hr fire wall" to read:

(a) All areas shall be separa ted f rom all o the r uses inc luded c o m m o n space by a 2-hr fire wall.

Section 2-1.1.2(e), second paragraph, second sentence , change to read:

"The slope of dra ins shall no t be less than 1 percent" . Section 2-1.1.2(0 Change first pa rag raph to read: "All dra ins in the a rea shall be di rected to a c o n t a i n m e n t system

or o ther location des igned as secondary c o n t a i n m e n t for the h igh hazard l iquid and fire protect ion water for the building, r o o m or area. Such c o n t a i n m e n t system shall be des igned to provide secondary c o n t a i n m e n t of h igh hazard liquids a n d fire protec t ion water t h rough the use of recessed floors or l iquid-fight raised sills."

Rema inde r of text is accepted. COMMITI 'EE STATEMENT: Class III l iquids are no t f lammable .

The commit tee received no just i f icat ion for the 4 h o u r fire wall however, 2 h o u r walls are recognized in o ther NFPA s tandards for separat ion.

Addit ion of the word "not" corrects an e r ror in the proposal. Addi t ion of the words " Such c o n t a i n m e n t system" clarifies the

language o f the sect ion and separates a run -on sentence . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE T O VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25 C O M M E N T O N AFFIRMATIVE:

CAPPUCCIO: Section 2-1.1.1 conflicts with Table 2-1. Th e table permi ts the use o f Class I[ a n d Class III l iquids in open systems while Section 2-1.1.1 prohib i t open conta iners with these liquids. This m u s t be coordinated .

DILLON: While I believe the Commit tee ' s Action was general ly appropr ia te , I a m conce rned tha t an impor t an t issue was omit ted f rom the Accept in Principle posit ion wfiich the Commi t t ee took. The impor tan t issue is tha t the re is no l imitation on the capacity for fire flow in the secondary con ta inment . A n u m b e r of ten used to establish the m i n i m u m capacity r e q u i r e m e n t wi thout leading to excess capacity in the absence of such l imitations is 20 minu te s of fire flow for the des ign densi ty and area of application. I have no t voted negatively because I believe the overall act ion represents a super ior position, bu t I a m deeply d is turbed abou t this impor tan t omission f rom the submit ter ' s proposal .

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N F P A 5 2 0 m F 9 8 R O P

(Log #25) 520- 21 - (2-1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: The words Board and Care should be included in Section 2-1 along with tO other pern~issible occupaqcies. SUBSTANTIATION: If health care and residential occupancies are permitted, then a board and care occupancy should also be Pcermitted.

OMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Also add "board and care occupancies to the Exception of

Section 3-1. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: More inclusive of occupancies identified in NFPA 101. Addition to other sections is for consistency. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

Occupants have extremely limited options for where to go and what to do. Emergency responders are similarly constrained. It is not possible to break a window, chop a hole in the roof, jump up through 100 ft of rock or run a ladder down through a 100 ft of rock.

(Log #31) 520- 25 - (2-2.1.2): Accept SUBMITrER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Delete the word "of" from Section 2-2.1.2. SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial change. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #26) 520- 22 - (2-1): Reject SUBMITTERa Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Delete the last sentence of 2-1 which prohibits "high hazard occupancies" in a subterranean space. SUBSTANTIATION: ff high hazard occupancies are properly protected as required by applicable codes and standards then a high hazard occupancy should not present a problem in a subterranean space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action on Proposal 520-11 (Log#14) making this change unnecessary. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #56) 520- 23 - (2-1): Accept SUBM1TTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"The following occupancies are allowed within new and existin~ buildings." SUBST~ITIATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this standard only applies to "existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel dais was the committee's intent and this section should be specifically noted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #29) 520- 26 - (2-2.1.1 Exception): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Modify the format of the Exception to ] start with item (a) not (b).

SUBSTANTIATION: Editorial. COMMI'ITEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #67) 520- 27 - (2-2.1.1 Exception): Reject SUBMITTER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"Exception No. 1: Glass partitions... Exception No. 2: Security rooms less than 1.500 sa ft in area

u~ader the direction and control of the owner or onerator of the subterranean st~ace." SUBSTANTIAl'ION: Rooms used by security personnel often necessitate unprotected openings, large amounts of glass and easy access to the driveway andcommon areas. Requiring 2 hr fire resistive construction provides little life safety benefits in this controlled environment. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: New security rooms of any size should not be exempted from the requirements for separation in order toprovide adequate levels of safety during an emergency. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #57) 520- 24- (2-2.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"2-2.1 Compartinentation. blew and existing developed subterranean spaces..." SUBSTANTIATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this standard only applies to "existing" subten'anean spaces where specifically noted. I feel thi~was the committee's intent and this section should be specifically noted to he required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is not the intent of dais committee to apply this standard to existing developed subterranean space which could he different than a building within a subterranean space. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: I strongly disagree with the Committee Action and

agree with the submitter. The compartmentation issue is just as valid and just as important, if not more so, for existing "spaces" as it is for new. Subterranean spaces are not at all like open air above ground surroundings to ordinary and customary buildings.

(Log #30) 520- 28 - (2-2.1.1 Exception (d)): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: Delete item (d) under the Exception. SUBSTANTIATION: It is one of the many requirements when constructing a fire resistive barrier or wall. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #32) 520- 29 - (2-2.1.3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

2-2.1.3 A building shall be subdivided by 1-hr fire resistive construction into areas no larger than 360,000 net sq ft, unless further restricted in this standard. SUBSTANTIATION: The intent of the committee was to limit the areas of buildings within subterranean spaces to 360,000, unless separated by 1-hr fire resistive construction. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I Add new text to read as follows: "Any building or portion thereof, larger than 360,000 net sq ft

shall be subdivided into areas not larger than 360,000 net sq ft by

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N F P A 520 ~ F98 R O P

not less than 1 hr fire resistive construction, unless fur ther restricted by this standard." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee agrees with the p roponen t that the in tent is no t clear in the current language however, the proposal did no t clear the language either. The committee act ion clarifies the requi rements and addresses the r %en conce s

R OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: CUMMINS: The provision allows unl imited area of a building

provided it is separated by one hour construction into 560,000 ne t square ft areas. This allows a t remendous fire area or zone and one that is excessive in a subterranean building. If the des igned fire protect ion system fails to check the fire in the incipient stages, a one hour fire separation would be inadequate to contain the incident and would expose additional 360,000 st]. ft areas. A fire ra ted parti t ion of one hour is inadequate for subdividing such massive areas.

(Log #33) 520- 30 - (2-2.1.4): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Change the second 2-2.1.4 to 2-2.1.5. SUBSTANTIATION: Edi tor ia l / format change. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #27) 520- 31 - (2-2.1.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Delete "with openings protected with a 1 1/2 hr f i repro tec t ion rating". SUBSTANTIATION: This verbiage is not required since it is one of the many requirements of constructing a fire rated barrier or wall. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #28) 520- 32- (2-2.1.5): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Section 2-2.1.5 should also include [ "flammable liquids" provided that they are properly protected. [ Reword "to store f lammable and combustible liquids..."

SUBSTANTIATION: ff f lammable liquids are properly protected and separated, they should be permit ted to be used or s tored in subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: CAPPUCCIO: The referenced Section (Section 2-2.1.5) deals

with open ing protect ion (NFPA 80) while log deals with flammable liquids. Coordinate the log with the correct Section (2.1.17).

(Log #12) 520- 33 - (2-3): Accept in Principle in Part SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, Unde rg round Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

2-3 Smoke C~: rc . l Restriction 2-3.1_* The movement of smoke between buildings and between

buildings and c o m m o n spaces shall be c.~-~L-~!!c~ minimized in accordance with this section.

2-3.1.1 Exterior building walls as described in Section 2-2 shall be cont inuous from exterior wall to exterior wall and floor to roof,

including continuity through all concealed space~, znd =h=!! pr~--de acccF~b!c ~..'n~kc cc.'~-~!. W h e n pillars are used. the nillar shall he considered hart o f the exterior wall.

2-3.1,2 Interior smoke I~arriers required for specific occupancies bv ~ A 101 shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.

2-3.2 Doors. 2-3.2.1 Doors in exteriqr building walls as descr ibed in Section 2-

v

~, . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ i. 7 .t.:. _1. . . . . . w ~- shall be ~z~ zlcz'=g c:" z.u:crn..a'.Jz z lc : 'ng in accordance with NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Windows and shall be without undercuts, louvers or grilles.

2-3.2.2 Doors in smoke barriers reouired by o a r a ~ a n h 2-3.1.2 shall be self c!c='v.g cr "-u~.'r..~c c!~='='.g in ac'cordmace with NFPA 80, Fire Doors and Windows.

2-3.3 Dampers. 2-3.3.1 A listed f i re / smoke damper shall be provided at each air

transfer opening or duct penetrat ion of alLX a rcqu ' rcd smoke barrier reouired bv oaratrranh 2-3.1.2.

Exception: Ducts or air transfer openings that are par t of an engineered smoke control system.

2-3.3.2 Dampers and air transfer openings penetrat ing exterior buildimz walls as described in Section 2-2 co;'crz$ ~)- "~':- ~t. . . . . . shall close upon activation by heat detect ion or fusible link.

Exception: Approved smoke detectors located within ducts. 2-3.4 Penetrat ions and Miscellaneous Openings in Smoke

Barriers. 2-3.4.1 Wall penetra t ion for pipes, conduits, bus duct, cables,

wires, air ducts, pneumatic tubes and ducts, and similar building service equipment that penetra te exterior buildin~ walls as described in Section 2-2 CG;'crc~ 13 7 "..hL~ cha~tcr shall be protected in acfordance with NFPA 221. Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls. SUBSTANTIATION: The revision clarifies the smoke restriction requirement . The revised text clearly defines the purpose of the exterior building walls. In addition, the requirements for smoke barriers are clarified to only be applicable to the interior smoke barriers required by NFPA 101. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.

Delete sections 2-3.2.2 and 2-3.3.1. Renumber current 2-3.3.2 to 2-3.3.1. Change title of Secdon 2-3.4 to: "Penetrations and Miscellaneous Openings in Exterior Building

Walls". COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Section 2-3.1.2 already references NFPA 101 for interior smoke barriers. The o ther paragraphs in this section are in tended to address exterior building walls. Therefore there is no need to reference section 2-3.1.2 and the tide of 2-3.4 needs to be changed to clarify what walls are being addressed. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: While a port ion of the Committee 's Action to Accept

in Principle in Part represents an improvement, o ther port ions represent an unacceptable lessening in necessary protection. This latter problem is of such a nature that I am compelled to vote in the negative. Examples of such important issues are the modification found in 2-3.2.1 where serf-closing or automatic closing was stricken and reliance on NFPA 80 alone remains. A door which closes stricdy in response to heat by a device such as a fusible link would comply with NFPA 80, but not meet the requirements of self-closing or automatic closing as should be in tended by this document . Since evolved smoke from a building containing a fire in an unde rg round space cannot belch its smoke to the sky, but ra ther must contaminant the underground space, it is essential that these doors be ei ther already closed or closed in response to smoke movement such as one would expect from a smoke damper because fusible links completely ignore even massive flows of smoke. Similarly, 2-3.3.2 would appear to allow a heat detector or fusible link to be the sole closing device for a smoke damper . Such an a r rangement is both illogical and ludicrous on its face.

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N F P A 5 2 0 m F 9 8 R O P

(Log #34) 520- 34- (2-3): Accept SUBMrITER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Change the section title to Gqntrol of Smoke Spread. SUBSTA]NTIATION: The intent of the committee was to limit and /o r control the spread of smoke not smoke control as defined in NFPA 92B and other NFPA guidelines for smoke control which consists of different methods other than barriers to limit the

read of smoke. MMITTEE ACTION: Accept.

NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #35) 520- 35 - (2-3.1): Reject SUBMITTER: JackPoole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Section 2-3.1 provides no specific information relative to the standard that are not described in Section 2-3.1.1 and 2-3.1.2. Reformat Sections 2-3.1.1 and 2-3.1.2 to become 2-3.1 and 2-3.2.

Note: Another proposed Proposal is to delete the current 2-3.2 (Doors) section. SUBSTANTIATION: Since Sections 2-3.1.1 and 2-3.I.2 better describe the specific intended requirements, Section 2-3.1 should be deleted. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee Action on Proposal 520-33 (Log #12), makes this change unnecessary. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #58) 520- 3fi- (2-3.1): Reject SUBMITrER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"2-3.1 The movement of smoke between buildings and between buildings and common spaces shall be controlled for both new and existing subterranean spaces." SUBSTANq2IATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this standard only applies to ~existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the committee's intent and this section should be specifically noted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMEN~ Committee intent is not to enforce this requirement on existing facilities. NUMBER OF COMMITrEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


MICHAEL: I am concerned that control of the "movement of smoke between buildings and buildings and common spaces" is not also being required for existing subterranean spaces. Potentially significant life and safety issue. Americold fire in Kansas City emphatically demonstrated that.

RUST: Our experience in the 1992 Americold - Kansas City fire strongly suggest that smoke control should be provided in both new and existing facilities.

(Log #36) 520- 37 - (2-3.1.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Change the last portion of this section as follows:

"...concealed spaces, and nrovide accentable means for control of smoke spread," SUBSTANTIATION: Revise this section to be consistent with one of the other proposed changes I submitted. .COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

] Change "acceptable" to "approved". Text will now read as ] follows: [ 2-3.1.1 Exterior building walls as described in Section 2-2 shall ] be continuous from exterior wall to exterior wall and from floor to

roof, including continuity through all concealed spaces and

provide an approved means of control of smoke spread. When pw~l.ars are used, the pillar shall be considered part of the exterior

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: "Acceptable" ks not an enforceable term.

By definition the term "approved" identifies the actions necessary to comply with the requirement NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #37) 520- 38- (2-3.2): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Delete Sections 2-3.2, 2-3.2.1 and 2-3.2.2. SUBSTANTIATION: This section can be deleted because Section 2-2.1.4 already references NFPA 80. NFPA 80 requires the information discussed in Sections 2-3.2.1 and 2-3.2.2. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee Action on Proposal 520-33 (Log #12) addresses this item. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

520- 39- (2-3.3): Reject (Log #69) SUBMITTER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"2-3.3 ...duct penetration of a re~u'rc~ ~mc!=c ~.~'~cr wall separating buildings from common spaces." SUBSTANTIATION: Exterior building walls are not intended to

ovide the level of smoke protection required for smoke harriers. MMITYEE ACTION: Reject.

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee Action on Proposal 520-33 (Log#12) addresses this item. NUMBER OF COMMIIWEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMI'FrEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #70) 520- 40 - (2-4 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Anthony Mekster, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows:

2-4 A structural review to confirm the adequacy of the over burden, roof beam thickness, size and spacing of the support pillars and the floor shall be provided by a person familiar with subterranean spaces acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. SUBSTANTIATION: Currently there are no specificprovisions which require the subterranean space to be structurally adequate. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMI'I3"EE STATEMENT: Structural analysis of the rock surfaces of the subterranean space is outside of the scope of NFPA 520. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITIT.E ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #59) 520- 41 - (3-1): Accept SUBMITTER= Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. P-dgCOMMRNDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"3-1 Means of Egress Within the Tenant Space. Means of egress 'within new and existing buildings within the subterranean space shall be..." SUBSTANTIATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this standard only applies to "existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the committee's intent and this section should be specifically noted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

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(Log #71) 520. 42 - (3-1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

3-1 Means of Egress Within Tenant Building Space. Means of egress within the building shall be in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. For the purposes of this standard once the common area is reached the provisions of the Life Safety Code no longer apply.

Exception: Means of egress for assembly, educational, health care and residential occupancies shall comply with the requirement of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, both within the te.~'~t building space and the common area. SUBSTANTIATION: The term tenant is not a defined term. There is no need to distinguish between a tenant and the general term building in the context of this provision. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Also remove the word "space" in the tide of the paragraph and in the exception to read as follows:

3-1 Means of Egress Within Building. Means of egress within the building shall be in accordance with NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. For the purposes of this standard once the common area is reached the provisions of the Life Safety Code no longer apply.

Exception: Means of egress for assembly, educational, health care and residential occupancies shall comply with the requirement of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, both within the building and the common area. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The use of the word building is all that is necessary to identify the intent of the committee. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

incident may last longer than 1 1/2 hr, therefore, the emergency lights should last for a longer duration. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Although duration greater than 1 1/2 hr is desirable a time period of 4 hr has not been justified and is considered excessive. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #41) 520. 46- (3-6.2): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

3-6.2 Common spaces within a subterranean space shall have their means of egress illuminated with emergency lights which shall be powered by a standby power supply which shall provide illumination for a minimum of a 4 hr period. SUBSTANTIATION: This section was mainly modified to remove the bold words "Common Spaces" at the beginning of the section since it is already understood by the title of 3-6. The first portion of the sentence was also editorially modified. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Although duration greater than 1 1/2 hr is desirable a time period of 4 h r has not been justified and is considered excessive. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #38) 520. 43 - (3-2.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows: [ 3-2.2. Exits shall be arranges so the reqvired exits fi'gm the [ ~bter ranean space are separated by a distance not less than 300

SUBSTANTIATION: This section should be modified because some subterranean spaces may require more than 2 exits. When they do require more than 2 exits, all of the required exits should be at least 300 ft apart: COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP8) 520. 44- (3-2.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Delete existing text and replace with:

~The travel distance to a portal, area of refuge, or the entrance to an exit passageway system for new and existing subterranean spaces shall be not more than 2000 ft." SUBSTANTIATION: The committee feels based on other documents governing subterranean spaces that this distance is more appropriate for egress safety. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


CAPPUCCIO: The distance was negotiated as part of several issue resolutions. However, it is an extensive travel distance with no substantiation in any model code. We should probably add some performance criteria to better assure available egress routes.

(Log #4O) 520. 45 - (3-6.2): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read:

"which shall be powered by a standby power supply which shall provide illumination for a minimum of a 4 hr period." SUBSTANTIATION: Typically standby power has a duration of greater than 1 1/2 hr. In a subterranean space, an emergency

(Log #42) 520. 47 - (3-7.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: In section 5-7.1 add the word "wide between the words "1/2 in." and "stroke". SUBSTANTIATION: This change matches the wording in section 3-7.2 and makes the wording a litde clearer. COMMI'FrF.E ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITrEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #43) 520. 48- (3-7.3): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: The last sentence of this section should [ be modified to delete the words "~ut n~.t !c~ ".b.a.n'.

SUBSTANTIATION: This was deleted to make it sound more ~ O ~ correct.

ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITIT.E ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP9) 520- 49 - (3-8.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Insert "in new and existing subterranean spaces" after the word "provided" and change the number "3500" to "2000". Text will now read as follows:

"One or more refuge areas or exit passageways shall be provided when the travel distance from any building exit to the exterior of the subterranean space exceeds 2000 feet." SUBSTANTIATION: The committee feels based on other documents governing subterranean spaces that this distance is more appropriate for egress safety. The 2000 foot distance is based on the roof height and relative openness of the common spaces aPlermitting egress to remain unobstructed for a longer period

lowing longer travel distances. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


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N F P A 5 2 0 - - F 9 8 R O P

EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: LAND: Delete "or more". Canno t def ine "or more". If m o r e t han one is needed , t hen

paramete rs for each addit ional a rea mus t be added. COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE:

CAPPUCCIO: T h e dis tance was negot ia ted as part of several issue resolutions. However, it is an extensive travel dis tance with no substant ia t ion in any mode l code. We shou ld probably add some pe r fo rmance criteria to bet ter assure available egress routes.

(Log #44) 520- 50 - (3-8.1 Exception): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineer ing , Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: Delete the Exception. SUBSTANTIATION: I do no t agree tha t a s torage occupancy is permi t ted to have a travel dis tance greater than 3,500 ft if two different exit routes are provided. Some storage areas may have a greater occupan t load than an industr ial or o m e r occupancies. I believe for any occupancy that has a travel dis tance greater t han 3,500 ft to the exterior o f the sub te r ranean space, t han exit enclosure or a rea of refuge shou ld be available. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #45) 520- 51 - (3-8.2(a) t h r o u g h (f)) : Accept in Principle SUBMIq[q'ER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineer ing , Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Modify the i tem to inc lude the w o r d "and" at the end of i tems (a) t h rough (e), or dele te the word "and" f rom i tems (a), (b), and (d). Be consis tent with the s t andard NFPA format . SUBSTANTIATION: The fo rmat for these listed i tems shou ld be consis tent with the typical NFPA f o r m a t T he in ten t of the commi t tee was to requi re all o f the i tems to be m e t COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I Add the word "and" at the end of i tems (a) t h r o u g h (e). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The commi t t ee chose this l anguage for consistency with Manual of Style. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #49) 520- 54 - (3-9.1): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineer ing, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add the following to this section:

"...water gauge relative to the adjacent sub te r r anean space with 25 ne rcen t of the doors into the exit nassa~ewav in the fully oven posi t ion." S U B S T A N T I A T I O N : It is also impor tan t to require that when the

~ osltive pressure is specif ied tha t a percentage of the doors mus t e a s sumed to be open. Twenty-five percen t was utilized because

it could be a s sumed that d u r i n g a fire emergency, 25 percen t of the doors would be open f rom the people en te r ing the exit passageway and exiting the sub te r ranean space. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: .05 in. of water is a static condition. If criteria is appl ied when some doors open, different pressure criteria and velocities shou ld be specified. Prescriptive language requi r ing 25 pe rcen t o f the doors to be open is excessive an d is an eng inee r ing j u d g m e n t which shou ld be based on actual condit ions encoun te red . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #50) 520- 55 - (3-9.3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protec t ion Engineer ing, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add the following word to mis section:

".. .The clear width of an exit passageway shall be at least 44 in. The width a n d a r r a n g e m e n t of the exit nassa~ewav shall be as r eau i red in NFPA 10] ." SIJBSTANTIATION: It is impor tan t to d o c u m e n t tha t the width is the "clear" width which was the commit tee ' s i n t e n t NFPA 101 explains how to measu re the clear width a n d how the exit passageway shou ld be a r ranged . COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I The width o f an exit passageway shall be adequate to [ a c c o m m o d a t e the aggregate requ i red capacity o f all exits I d ischarging t h r o u g h it bu t in no case less t han 44 in.

COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The new language is necessary to clarify width r equ i r emen t s for exit passageways specific to sub t e r r anean spaces. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #46) 520- 52 - (3-8.2(e)): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineer ing , Inc.

l RECOMMENDATION: T he last s en t ence o f i tem "(e)" shou ld be 1 modi f ied as follows: l "Two-way voice c ommun i ca t i ons shall be provided to the fire [ c o m m a n d center ."

SUBSTANTIATION: I feel it is impor t an t tha t the commi t tee specify where two-way c o m m u n i c a t i o n s shou ld be provided to f rom the area o f refuge. Since the fire c o m m a n d cen te r will normal ly be o c c u p i e d d u r i n g an emergency inc iden t this seems like a logical locat ion to provide two-way c o m m u n i c a t i o n to. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #48) 520- 53 - (3-8.2(0): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protec t ion Engineer ing , Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: T he last s en tence o f i tem "(f)" shou ld be I modi f ied as follows: [ "...by no t less t ha n 2-hr fire resistive construct ion. :;~.~h eFe:'Ang: I - r o t cc t c~ ;;'~= 1 I / 2 F.r firc Frc.tcc'2c.= .":~=:g~."

~iUBSTANTIATION: O n e a n d one-hai f h o u r fire protec t ion rat ings for open ings in 2-hr fire resistive cons t ruc t ion is known and requi red by o ther r e fe renced NFPA codes and s tandards. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #60) 520- 56 - (4-1.1): Accept in Par t SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protec t ion Engineer ing, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

4-1.1 A fire a larm system shall be provided in all new an d existing developed spaces of the sub t e r r anean space. SUBSTANTIATION: Accord ing to Sect ion 1-3.1 this s tandard only applies to "existing" sub te r r anean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the commit tee ' s in ten t and this sect ion shou ld be specifically no t ed to be requ i red for "existing" sub te r r anean spaces as well as for new sub t e r r anean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

Delete the words , a n d existing", so text will read as follows: 4-1.1 A fire a la rm system shall be provided in all new developed

sub t e r r anean spaces. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is the in ten t o f the commit tee tha t this r e q u i r e m e n t no t be applicable to exist ing developed s u b t e r r a n e a n spaces. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: I s t rongly disa~ree with the Commit tee ' s in ten t on this

issue. A fire a la rm system m a sub te r r anean space is a sine qua n o n for f u n d a m e n t a l life safety. This is no t above g r o u n d in the open air. We' re no t downtown anymore . If the fire is n o t detected early a n d adequate warning is n o t c o m m u n i c a t e d prompt ly to the occupants , t hen thei r eventual i n d e p e n d e n t detect ion an d delayed warm'ng is qui te possibly too late for reasonable safety. See c o m m e n t s on Proposal 520-33 (Log #12).

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N F P A 5 2 0 - - F9 8 R O P

WALL: The benefits derived f rom the installation of a fire alarm system in an existing facility far outweighs the cost.

(Log #11) 520- 57 - (4-1.1 and Exceptions No. 1 through No. 8 (New)): Accept in Principle in Part SUBMITTER: Don Woodard , U n d e r g r o u n d Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise and add new text to read as follows:

4-1.1 a fire alarm system shall be provided in all buildings devcl~pczl ~Facc= of the subterranean space.

Exception No. 1: Common space in which the roadways, parking areas and railways w!:!cl: are not a t h e sole means of egress.

ExceDtion No. 2: Business occunancies in buildings I19~ e~ceeding an aggregate floor a r e a o f ~0.000 sq ft,

Exception No. 3: Educational occupancies in buildings no t exceedin~ an a~ere~ate floor area of i.000 so ft.

Exception No. 4: Industrial occupancies in buildings not e~ceeding an a ~ e g a t e floor area of 100.000 so ft.

Excention No. 5: Mercantile OCCUPancies in 'buildings not exceedin~ an a~re~rate floor area o( 30.000 so ft.

Excet)tion No. 6: ~Storaize occuoancies l imited to low hazard contents.

Excenfion No. 7: Storage occunancies with ordinary hazard contents not exceedin~ an a~c~re~ate floor area of 100.000 so ft.

Exceotion No. 8: Wllen an anoroved evacuation system iS installed th roughout the develooed areas. SUBSTANTIATION: The fire alarm systems should be installed in the buildings not in the common area. NFPA 101 does not require a fire alarm system for the buildings described in the Exceptions. These buildings contain low combustible loading and low occupant loads. In addition, Exception No. 1 is revised to clarify that the Exception applies to all common areas where there is only one means of egress. Exception No. 8 allows an evacuation system installed for other types of emergencies approved by the authority having jurisdiction to serve for fire emergencies. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.

I Add this to the existing Section 4-1.1 after the changes of 520-56 (Log #60).

"A fire alarm system shall be provided in all new developed subterranean space. A fire alarm system shall be provided in the por t ion of the com mon space used as the sole means of egress."

] None of the r e c o m m e n d e d Exceptions.were accepted. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Modificattons to o ther parts of the documen t have made it unnecessary to reference specific building area thresholds or uses. NUMBER OF COMMI'VFEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #3) 520- 58 - (4-1.2.1): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, Unde rg round Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

4-1.2.1 Initiation shall be b 7 m..a=~ua! ;~.cac.~ or by any required automatic fire detect ion or suppression system. Buildings without fire suppression sys¢~ms or fire detect ion svstems which are required t~? have a fire alarm system shall be provided with manual initiation in accordance with NFPA 72. SUBSTANTIATION: The p roposed wording clarifies the requi rement for manual initiation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Reinstating the term "by manual means or" fur ther clarifies the committees intent to permit manual initiation. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log 04) 520- 59 - (4-1.2.2): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, U n d e r g r o u n d Developers Assn. REA C 2 oMblAENDAyl O...N" ~Delaete^~..e^ f ° l l ° ~ n.. g tex ~ . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . 1 " . . . . . . . . . 1 " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r ' l ¢ . . . . . . .

SUBSTANTIATION: This paragraph would require fire detect ion throughout the common a r e a s . T h e size of this common area is extremely large and would require a substantial fire detect ion system. These systems will be subject to false alarms and high maintenance. Theft and sabotage will also be a factor in maintaining these systems. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Delete the words " throughout the developed areas" and replace with "in new buildings including loading docks". Text will now read as follows:

4-1.2.2 An automatic fire detect ion system shall be installed in new buildings including loading docks.

Retain the Exception. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is the committees intent to provide automatic detect ion in all buildings including loading docks that are no t provided with suppression. False alarms of fire detect ion systems which utilize the appropriate type of detect ion for the environment is no t sufficient reason for removal of the section. Likewise, it has not been established that theft and sabotage a r e p r o b l e m s . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: As the Committee stated, "false alarms of fire

detect ion systems which utilize the appropriate type of detect ion for the envi ronment is no t sufficient reason for removal..." As stated in my reasons for o ther negative votes, once one leaves the "building ~ and enters the common ~space" in the places of concern to this standard, one is not outside and the rules are necessarily different. Early detect ion and p rompt and adequate warning to the occupants is unequivocally essential. See comments on Proposals 520-33 (Log#12) and 520-56 (Log #60).

(Log #8) 520- 60 - (4-1.3.1): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, Unde rg round Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

4-1.3.1 Notification of the fire alarm svstem shall be by general alarm throughout the building. The fire alarm system shall transmit an alarm simaal to ~c;'C!CF A~ . . . . . l~)' :.': :pp:~; 'c~ :)mtc:'.. c=p:~!c .~f ~c'=g c.p=~tc~ f;'~:'., the fire command center.

Exception No. 1:* Where total evacuation of occupants is not practical due to the configuration of the building ~c-'clc~c~ a a.-ca:, only the occupants in the affected zones shall be initially notified. Provisions shall be made to selectively notify occupants in o ther zones to afford orderly evacuation of the entire building

S U B S T A N T i ) ~ I O N : Subterranean spaces can be as big as a city's downtown. When fires are discovered in one building in a downtown area, o ther buildings are no t notified. The standard includes provisions for fire separation construction between buildings and common space, sprinkler systems, smoke restriction, and fire alarm systems for the buildings. The chance of a conflagration type fire has been el iminated by these provisions. The original wording of the section treats the subterranean space as one large building. This is not logical with the separation of the buildings by 2 hr fire resistive construct ion and the other required fire protect ion provisions. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Add the words ~or space" to the end of the first sentence of Section 4-1.3.1 so text will now read as follows:

4-1.3.1 Notification of the fire alarm system shall be by general alarm throughout the building or space.

The remainder of the changes are also accepted. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The commit tees in tent is to limit notification to only those buildings or affected spaces or zones, the modification of the language clarifies this concept . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


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EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: The Committee's Action to Accept in Principle is

confusing inconsistent. Part of the action adds the words ~or space" to the end of the first sentence in 4-1.3.1 but completely ignores it when it comes to the exception. Yet the Committee statement clearly intends for spaces to be covered. Conflagration is not the principal concern. Life safety is and life safety can only be reasonably assured in subterranean spaces by early detection and prompt and adequate warning to the occupants.

WALL: Change the last word in the exception, "building", to "subterranean space". COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE:

MICHAEL: I am very concerned about the possibility of delaying or staging evacuation. Fires in subterranean spaces have demonstrated potential to exponentially escalate. Smoke and potentially toxic emissions from a fire in what is essentially a confined space can threaten the health and lives of the occupants. AS the Kansas City Americold underground fire demonstrated, these problems can also severely inhibit emergency response efforts and endanger emergency responders. Given these severe potential hazards, I would recommend that an appendix note be added. This note would recommend that an appendix note be added. This note would recommend to the Authority Having Jurisdiction that these overriding risk factors strongly suggest a "when in doubt, get them all out" philosophy.

RUST: I agree with the proposer's observation that "(S)ubterranean spaces can be as big as a city's downtown". Unlike a city's downtown, subterranean facilities are not open to the sky, and the overall space may be rather quickly compromised in a fire incident by smoke and heat. Since the spaces can be very large, the potential .exists to expose a. large number, of pteo~pl~le to the effects of a fire in the space. While I readily concede that the systems required by the original section modified by this proposal would be potentially both difficult and expensive to install, I feel that the gain in overall life safety by assuring a reliable means of notification offset those factors.

(Log #2) 520- 61 - (4-2.1): Reject SUBMITTER: B.J. Walker, Walker & Assoc. RECOMMENDATION: Delete text as follows:

"Exception 1: g g q s ~ Freezer Storage Areas". SUBSTANTIATION: The fire loss experience in freezers has been very good. AS a result, many large corporations storing frozen food products have often elected not to sprinkler their freezers. Sincepast experience reveals that insurers have actually paid out more dollars from freezer losses resulting in water related damage than from fire damage, it is felt that sprinklers in freezers should not be mandatory. Even with installedautomatic sprinklers working as designed for the protection of food products in freezers, history reveals that the vast majority of such products must be destroyed due to smoke and water contamination.

Suggest that the need for sprinklers be determined by the authority having jurisdiction. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Other NFPA documents require automatic sprinklers in freezers and it is the intent of the committee to remain consistent with those documents. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


BOYER: Exception No. 1 does go far enough to address the economic reality of today's food storage and distribution systems. Exception No. 1 should read, "Freezer storage areas".

Sprinkler systems in freezers are very expensive to install and maintain. Sprinkler systems in freezers are susceptible to false tripping and flooding, thus expensive to repair. (The system must be removed, thawed, and reinstalled.) Sprinkler systems in freezers usually cause more damage to products than do actual fires and smoke. (See original Proposal 520-61 offered by Mr. B.J. Walker of our committee.)

The requirement of sprinkler systems in future Subterranean Cold Storage Freezers will impose an adverse economic hardship on Owners and Operators of such a vital llnk in the food distribution system of our country.

I strongly urge this committee to reconsider the scope of this exception to include future cold storage freezer areas of subterranean spaces.

Note: Above ground food storage freezers are usually "High Cube" facilities with ceilings 38 ft - 44 ft above the floor with Racked Storage stacked 5-6 or 7 pallets high.

Freezer Storage Areas in Subterranean Spaces are usually only 13 f t - 16 ft high with only floor loading or pallets stacked no more than 2 high. Racking is not a feature of this type of Freezer Storage Area.

LAND: Delete "and existing". I believe there is a typo in this section since it does not read like

log 62, which deleted ~and existing".

(Log #5) 520- 62 - (4-2.1): Accept in Part SUBMITTF~ Don Woodard, Underground Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

4-.2.1 A sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all developed areas of new and existing subterranean space.

Exception No. 1: ~ ; ' d : g Freezer storage areas. I Exception No. 2: Ggmmon space in which the roadways, parking

areas and railways ;':h'c~ are no t~ the sole means of egress. SUBSTANTIATION: The loss data for freezer storage has been favorable, because the usual causes of fire are largely absent in cold storage occupancies. From 1974 to 1983, there were almost twice as many spnnkler leakage losses as fire losses. Due to the loss data and the sprinkler system leakage problems, sprinklers should not be required in freezers. In addition, the revision to the second exception clarifies it to include all common areas where there is only one means of egress. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

I Do not delete ~existlng" in Exception No. 1. Accept the change to Exception No. 2.

COMMITI~E STATEMENT." See Committee Action on Proposal 520-61 (Log#2). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #52) 520- 63 - (4-2.1 Exception No. 1 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Delete Exception No. 1.

"Sprinklers should be provided in both new and exiting freezer storage areas." SUBSTANTIATION: All storage areas represent and extreme fire hazard due to the combustible loading present, even freezer storage areas. NFPA 13 specifically addresses the sprinkler requirements for cold storage and freezer areas. A dry-pipe sprinkler system can be installed in freezers or even a preaction system if an added level of safe is required by the owner. If the sprinkler system is properly designed, it will control the fire and

~i ossible extinguish the fire in a freezer area~ This reduce and/or mit losses that the industry has had in the past.

COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMI'IqT, E STATEMENT: It is not the committees intent to apply sprinkler requirements in existing freezers because installation difficulties, most notably spalling, in frozen rock environments. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


MICHAEL: If sprinklers are not going to be required for existing freezers, they need to provide for control of smoke prop.agation. In other words, if not going to provide for fire suppression, at least need to provide for control of smoke spreading in what is essentially a confined space.

(Log #53) 520- 64- (4-2.1 Exception No. 2): Accept SUBMrVrER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: Add the following verbiage to the I Exception: I "...which are not a sole means of egress from any occunied area I of the subterranean space." "

SUBSTANTIATION: The intent of the committee for this section was not to require a fire alarm system in the roadways, railways or parking areas if there are two means of egress to the exterior of the

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N F P A 5 2 0 - - F 9 8 R O P

subterranean space from any specific point in the roadway, railway or parking areas. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #15) 520- 65 - (4.2.1 Exception No. 3 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Exception No. 3 to read as

-follows: Exception No. 3: A sprinkler installation plan is a written report

describing how the subterranean space will transition from a nonsprinklered to a sprinkiered facility. The plan should include phasing approaches, timetables priorities and conceptual drawings depicting feed mains and valves. SUBSTANTIATION: The Proposal offers information regarding the essential components of an automatic sprinkler installation plan. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The language of the proposal is not enforceable and the concept has been addressed in Committee Proposal 520-3 (Log #CP10). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #47) 520- 66 - (4.2.1 Exception No. 3 (New)): Reject SUBMITTERa Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add a new Exception No. 3 to read as follows:

Exception No. 3:* Existing subterranean spaces are not required to be completely sprinklered when the renovated space or new building is sprinklered and an automatic sprinkler installation plan is submitted and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. SUBSTANTIATION: Expecting existing subterranean structures to be immediately equipped with automatic sprinklers is an unrealistic goal. Allowing a phased approach in conjunction with renovations or new tenants is reasonable. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The language of the proposal is not enforceable and the concept has been addressed in Committee Proposal 520-3 (Log #CP10). NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #54) 520- 67 - (4-2.3): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"Each fire suppression system shall be designed in accordance with the applicable NFPA standard and appropriate hazard that it

~ rotects." UBSTANTIATION: This has been modified to make the intent

of the committee a little clearer. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Move section to a new Exception No. 3 to Section 4.9.1 to read: "Other approved fire suppression systems designed and installed

in accordance with the applicable NFPA standard." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee agrees with the submitter that the verbiage is incorrect, and further feels that the addition of the exception is the more appropriate way to recognize these systems. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #61) 590- 68 - (4.3.1): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"4.3.1 All non-sprinkiered parking areas in new and existing subterranean snaces with a travel..." SUBSTANTIA;rION: According to Section 1-3.1 this standard only applies to "existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the committee's intent and this section should be specifically noted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

I Delete the words "and existing", so text will read as follows: 4-3.1 All non-sprinklered parking areas in new subterranean

spaces with a travel distances greater than 500 feet from the most remote portion of the parking area to the closest fire hydrant shall be protected by fire hydrants or Class I standpipe(s). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is the intent of the committee this requirement not apply to existing developed subterranean spaces. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: WALL: The benefit derived from the installation of a standpipe

system in an existing facility far outweighs the cost. COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE:

MICHAEL: I am concerned that the requirement of fire hydrants of Class 1 standpipe(s) for non-sprinklered parking areas is not being applied to existing" subterranean spaces as well as new. Potential life and safety issue given the confined space characteristics of subterranean spaces.

(Log #CP7) 590- 69 - (4.3.1.1 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces

[ RECOMMENDATION: Add new section to read as follows: I "Where nonsprinkiered existing parking areas in subterranean [ spaces are not accessible by fire department apparatus, a Class 1 ] standpipe shall be installed."

SUBSTANTIATION: The committee feels that additional protection should be required in inaccessible nonsprinklered existing parking areas. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #62) 520- 70 - (4-3.2): Accept in Part SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"4-3.2 All railways in new and existimr subterranean svaces used as a..." SUBSTANTIATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this standard only applies to "existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the committee's intent and this section should be specifically noted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subterranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Part.

Delete the words "and existing", so text will read as follows: 4-3.2 All railways in new subterranean spaces used as a required

means of egress shall be within 500 feet o f a fire hydrant or Class I standpipe(s). COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is the intent of the committee this requirement not apply to existing developed subterranean spaces. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

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(Log #CP5) 520- 71 - (4-3.2): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Commit tee on Subterranean Spaces

[ RECOMMENDATION: Add "or Class I s tandpipe(s)" to the end [ of the sentence so text will now read as follows: [ 4-3.2 All railways in new subterranean spaces used as a required ] means of egress shall be within 500 feet o f a fire hydrant or Class I [ s tandpipe(s) .

SUBSTANTIATION: It is the in tent of the commit tee to permit standpipes in these areas similar to the language in Section 4-3.1. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #63) 520- 72 - (4-4.1): Accept SUBMITrER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineering, Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows: I "4-4.1 All n~w and existing subter ranean spaces..."

SUBSTANTIATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this s tandard only applies to "existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the committee 's in tent and this section should be specifically no ted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subter ranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


WALL: Delete "in" in the first line.

(Log #55) 520- 73- (4-5.1): Accept SUBMITYER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineering, Inc.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows: "All water-based extinguishing systems shall be mainta ined in

accordance with NFPA 25, Inspection. Testing. and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems." SUBSTANTIATION: This section has been modif ied to reflect "water-based systems." COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #9) 520- 74 - (4-7): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, U n d e r g r o u n d Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

4-7 Standby Power. For power loads classified as standby power, the transition time f rom the instant of failure of the normal power source to an alternative power source shall no t exceed 60 sec. Where required the following are classified as standby power loads:

1. Electric Drive Fire Pumps. 2. Mechanical air-handling systems and smoke control systems

required for an area of refuge to ~@c~tc ~u='=:g -~--~ cmc=gcnc 7. 3. Standby lighting required for areas of refuge and smoke

control mechanical equ ipmen t rooms. 4. Two way ; ' -rz!c:z communica t ion system. Exception: An approved secondary, i n d e p e n d e n t source of

power in accordance with Article 700-C of NFPA 70. SUBSTANTIATION: The only mechanical systems required to operate during a fire per NFPA 520 is the ones for the area of refuge. This revision clarifies this requ i rement to avoid confusion with o ther mechanical systems. The revision to the two way communicat ion system is consistent with my revision to paragraph 6-1. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

I hange Item 2 to read: "Mechanical air-handling systems and smoke control systems

required for all areas of refuge and exit passageways." COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The committee agrees with the submitter that the current language is to general . Adding the new language clarifies the committees intent the specific systems required to have standby power.

NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

25

(Log #64) 520- 75 - (5-1.2.1): Accept SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

"5-1.2.1 Fire exit drills for new and existing subterranean spaces and new and existing buildings shall be conducted. . ." SUBSTANTIATION: According to Section 1-3.1 this s tandard only applies to "existing" subterranean spaces where specifically noted. I feel this was the committee 's in tent and this section should be specifically no ted to be required for "existing" subterranean spaces as well as for new subter ranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #65) 520- 76 - (5-2): Reject SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protect ion Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Section 5-2 can be dele ted since NFPA 101 dictates which occupancies require portable fire extin.guishers. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 101 dictates which occupanoes require portable fire extinguishers. However, if it was the committee 's intent to require fire extinguishers in ALL buildings then this should remain. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is the committees intent to require fire extinguisher in ALL buildings, and recognizes that these requirements may be in excess of the requirements of NFPA 101. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #10) 520- 77 - (6-1): Accept in Principle in Part SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, U n d e r g r o u n d Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read as follows:

6-1 Communications. The owner or owners representative of new and existing subterranean spaces shall provide an approved -:".'re!e== communicat ion system tor the use by emergency Pthersonnel. The systems shall be capable of communicat ion

roughout all developed spaces and shall provide communicat ion with the fire c o m m a n d center.

Exception No. 1: In existing subterranean spaces alternative communicat ion systems acceptable to the authority having jur isdic t ion.

Excention No. 2: A subterranean snace nrovided with a f ireman p h o n e svstem throughout . Phone locations shall be at a min imum iocated at each of the reuuired hydrants.

Exceotion No. 3: A subterranean soace where the develoned area does not exceed 1.000.000 so ft. SUBSTANTIATION: Limidng the system to wireless communicat ion will restrict trade and increase the cost of the system. Hard-wired f ireman p h o n e systems are acceptable in high rise buildings which is a similar occupancy except the building is turned on its side. The third Exception allows for l imited size subter ranean spaces. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.

I Move the second sentence of Exception No. 2 to a new section 6-1.1.

Delete Exception No. 3. COMMITTEESTATEMENT: The current Except ion No. 2 contained an exception and a requ i rement that n e e d e d to be separated.

The 1,000,000 sq.ft, area in Exception No. 3 was arbitrary and could no t be justified. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

4 1 2

N F P A 520 - - F 9 8 R O P

COMMENT ON AFFIRMATIVE: MCGARRY: I have a concern with use of the term ~fireman

phone". I don ' t believe that it is a common term that is defined elsewhere and, therefore, it needs a definition.

As an alternative another more commonly accepted term could be substituted. I would sugsest that a term such as "emergency communication system" be used. This would permit ei ther hard wired or wireless devices as needed.

(Log #6 I 520- 78 - (Chapter 7): Accept S U B M r r ' r F ~ Don Wo~lard, Underground Developers Assn. RECOMMENDATION: Delete text as follows:

~ - p ? _ 9~_?. g~ , e ~ . ~ A ^ . ~ c ^ . ,t._ v _ ~ ^ . ~ . : ^ - ^¢ A : . o ^ ~ A = ~ ^ _ : _ _ O

%.~TPA ~".R OF~, C:~gc f=.r g:-..:h: Maz.=g=:_:=; gTz~.:-.- "-- M~!:,

; . ; ~ ' . " 7, ;7 g ~ ' ~ - - ' ; ' - ~ ' ; " M r - - T ~ - . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . .

]'.~'P?o C'O! 02, S~=.~=.-d f=.= C==.. -~ - S:.-~=c -- P.=c ~:== P=c-=:don. SUI~TAWrI~T |ON: The referenced standards are not referenced in the body of the standard. C O I ~ l r I " ~ E ACrlON: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #1a) 520- 79 - (Chapter X (New)): Accept in Principle in Part SUBMI'I~'ER: William F. Jacobs, FEMA/USFA RECOMMENDATION: Add to NFPA 520 a new stand-alone chapter that will address national security and critical functions of government.

RECOMMENDED ADDITIONS TO THE DRAFT 520 CODE

Underground facilities (i.e. cut and cover or mined facilities) that support emergency disaster response, relocation or other critical government and national security operations and vital infrastructure systems may require a greater level of protection, i Additionally, some of the occupants of these facilities may be trained and required to participate in fire suppression. Consequently, those facilities shall be designed and maintained to support greater levels of self-help.

The following fire protection systems characteristics apply throughout these subterranean facilitie~

1. The facility should be divided into fire areas separated by 3 or 4 hour rated fire barriers and doors.

2. Gasoline and propane powered vehicles, forklifts and other equipment shall no t be regulariy.operated, parked, or stationed in access tunnels, shafts or underground areas of these facilities. Transient gasolinepowered vehicles may enter access tunnels only for the purposes of loadingJoff-loading supplie-~ Their area of operations shall be protected by automatic sprinkler systems.

3. Noncombustible materla]s shall be used in the construction of walls, fixed partitions, insulation, ceilings, and floors. Fire retardant coating on otherwise combustible construction materials is not appropriate.

4. Waiis and ceiling finishes, along with movable partitions will conform to the requirements of the NFPA 101 "Life Safety Code", with the following feature:

(a) Interior finish shall be Class A only with a flame spread rating not to exceed 25 and a smoke development rating not to exceed 50, when tested in accordance with NFPA 225, "Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materiais."

(b) Cellular plastic should not be used as interior wall and ceiling materials. Foam grid panel dropout ceiling shall not be used.

(c) Carpeting and other textile wall coverings should only be applied as an interior finish if material passes the acceptance criteria of the uniform Building Code Standard 42-2, "Test

Methods for Textile Wail Coverings", conducted by a nationally recognized testing laboratory.

5. Office furniture shall be of metal construction, except metal frame chairs with integral seat cushions may be used. Only self- extingulshing-type trash receptacles should be used.

6. Electrical and data communications cable shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 70, "National Electric Code' , with the following additional requirements;

(a) l~re retardant low-smoke producing cable shall be used. Cables with polyvinyl chloride; (PVC) insulation or jackets should not be used.

(b) All power, distribution and alarm circuits shall be routed in raceway or conduit. Nonmetallic conduit shall not be used. All cables shall be rated for use in air plenums and be tested in accordance with NFPA 262, "Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Wire and Cables."

(c) Communications and interconnecting cable and wiring should comply with NFPA 70, Article 725, and "Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-control, Signaling and Power4imited circuits "and Article 770," Optical Fiber Cables All cables should be rated for use in air plenums and be tested in accordance with NFPA 262, "Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Wire and Cables."

7. Two independent widely separated fire mains shall provide complete coverage of the facility ~ and include the folIowmg features:

(a) Shock protected, looped fire mains with separate pumps. (b) Each loop should have sufficient pump capacity installed to

provide 100 percent flow with one pump inactive (e.g. three 50 percent umps or. two 100 percent pum s). Pumps for each loop. shall be ~olcated m separate fire areas. ~a~h pump should have ~ts own driver with independent power supplies and controls meeting the requirements of NFPA 20, "Installation of Centrifugai Fire Pumps." At least one pump per loop shall be powered by uninterrupt iblepower supply (UPS). O n e p u m p shall be directly driven by non-electrical means, preferable dieselengine, unless powered from emergency generator sets per N'FPA 70, Article 700. Pumps and their control systems should be protected from Electro-magnetic pulse effects if these effects are a design consideration for the facility.

(c) At least two separate reliable water supplies (e.g. industrial and domestic water shall be provided, each with 100 percent rated capacity. Pumps should be connected to take direct suction from either or both, but a leak in one supply or iv; piping should not cause both water supplies to drain. An elevated cavern is a water source option (for one of the water supplies) that could provide gr i t ty-fed water.

) Adjacent horizontal fire areas should have individual system risers from each loop, each with its own valve.

(e) Standpipe should be provided throughout the facility in accordance with NFPA 14, "installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems". Interior manual hose installations shall be provided and be able to reach any location with at least one effective hose stream with a maximum of 75 ft of 1 1 /2 in. wovenjac_ket4ined fire hose. Hose stations should be located outside no/'mally unoccupied areas and inside normally occupied areas.

(f) Floor drains, sized to remove expected fire fighting and sprinkler water flow, should be provided in all areas.

8. Automatic sprinkler systems should be provided throughout including access tunnels and designed as wet~ipe systems m accordance with NFPA I~, "installation of Sprinkler Systems."

9. Approved room flood halon approved substitutes, dual action dry-pl D" -e sprinkler systems, CO2, or other electrically inert gases or matermls may be used for critical electronic or electrical rooms, s

10. Built-in foam extinguishing agents and systems shall be installed in accordance with NI~A 11, "Low-Expansion Foam", or NFPA 11A, ~Medinm and High-Expansion Foam", over POL rich areas inducting:

(a) Fuel Storage (b) Fuel Loading Areas (c) Diesel engines, and (d) Other types of engines if appropriate

11. Fire Detectors, including spot-type smoke and heat detectors, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 72, "National Fire Alarm Code", throughout the facility. Aspirated air sampling-type smoke detectors shall be installed in electronic and electrical rooms. False floor and ceilings should be monitored. Each fire area shall have its own monitor panel located by one of its fire doors (as listed in the characteristics for each fire area). Fire detectors, alarms and monitoring systems should also be:

(a) Protected from electronmgnetic ~ulse effects if these effects are a design consideration for the facility

(b) Monitored in a central location

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N F P A 5 2 0 - - F 9 8 R O P

(c) Monitored in an alternate location (d) At least one monitor location shall be staffed 24 hours per

day. 12. Smoke evacuation systems shall be provided with a minimum

smoke exhaust capacity of 900 liters pe r m i n u t e / m ~ of floor area against a differential pressure of 15 Pascal with at least two exhaust routes. Alternate controls for the smoke evacuation systems shall be located near one of the entrances. The smoke exhaust system and controls shall be protected from electromagnetic pule effect if these effects are a design consideration for the facility. All smoke exhaust systems shall be protected with an approved explosion proof motor.

13. An internal communications antenna shall be provided throughout to facilitate emergency fire, rescue operations, and security coordination. It should be protected from electromagnetic pulse effects if these effects are a design consideration for the facility.

14. Hydrants in access tunnels and on the grounds outside the facility shall be installed and tied into either the local community water supply, independent underground source, or the facility internal fire main. These Hydrant connections shall be compatible with local fire departments thread requirements.

15. Two widely separated fire fighting equipment lockers shall be provided each equipped with approvedflre fighting turnout gear, and self-contained breathing apparatus.

16. Portable fire extinguishers shall be extensively distributed (a minimum of one in every room). Extinguishers shall be matched to the hazards as listed in NFPA 10, "Portable Fire Extinguishers." A design departure point would be at least double the NFPA 10 requirement.

The following fire suppression systems characteristics apply to each area:

1. Fire doors shall be integrated into fire rated walls as follows: (a) Must protect all stairway access. (b) A minimum of 3-4 hour rated. (c) All approved self-closing.

2. Alarm activated automatic ventilation shutdown and damper closures shall be provided between fire areas. Ventilation controls shall permit developing positivg pressure in fire areas adjacent to effected area, in all stairwells and~eri~rgency exits.

3. Manually operated, double action switches shall be provided at each exit to disconnect power to all electrical and electronic equipment as described in NFPA 70.

4. Detector/Monitor Boards. 5. Water standpipes, Hoses, appliances, and fire (pick-head)

axes. 6. Portable smoke evacuation equipment shall be provided

including but not limited to: (a) Ventilators and collapsible duct work (b) Duct fittings in the smoke evacuating system (c) Duct fittings in the ventilation exhaust system (d) UPS Power outlets for the ventilators

The following criteria shall be used to modify applicable Life Safety Codes.

1. Atmosphere safety systems shall be protected from electromagnetic pulse effects if these effects are a design consideration of the facility and shall include but not limited to:

(a) A continuous air monitoring system. Sample points shall be in the main engineering space (power plant and control room), main mission space (operational center and technical control), sleeping areas, ventilation intake and exhaust areas as well as several points on the internal ventilation systems. Integrated monitoring panels shall be located in a central control room and an alternate monitor located near the alternate fire alarm or the alternate smoke evacuation controls. Monitoring should include at least O~, CO~, and CO. Hydrogen or other explosive or toxic gases shall be monitored in battery rooms or in their ventilation exhaust systems.

(b) Equipment to revitalize the atmosphere should be installed if buttoned up endurance is an objective.

(c) Audible and high visibility alarms throughout the facility to indicate hazardous atmosphere. In addition, audible and high visibility alarms shall be located at the entrances to and in rooms that are fire protected by room-flood chemicals, CO~ or other gases that could accumulate in hazardous concentrations when discharged.

2. Smoke safety shall include: (a) A lighted or luminescent escape route marking system. This

marking system shall be continuous, installed on the floor or no higher than appropriately 25-50cm above the floor and contain raised arrows pointed at the nearest exit at frequent intervals (about 1-2 meters apart) so that it can be felt in a total smoked obscured environment.

(b) Smoke escapes hoods. The number provided shall be for the maximum number of occupants plus 20 percent (i.e. for the expected fully occupied complement plus 20 percent). These hods shall provide a minimum of 15 minutes of breathable air and be easily accessible (mounted in dispensers) throughout the facility. NOTE: Smoke escape hoods shall be approved by the Authority HavingJurisdiction (AHJ). Whenever the smoke escape hoods are required, the AHJ shall provide an approved training program.

3. Rescue systems make it easier to quickly identify and locate trapped or incapacitated soft. Most subterranean facilities expect outside rescue assistance. Community fire and rescue personnel, when needed, must operate in an unfamiliar and alien environment. In addition, some of the staff that occupies a subterranean facility (particularly when occupied during an exercise) may be disoriented during their first few days of occupying the facility, and confused under emergency conditions. Rescue systems shall be designed to minimized disorientation in adverse circumstances, and shall include:

(a) At least two emergency exits. These shall be widely separated, well identified and highly visible in an obscured environment.

(b) An individual accountability system. This system can be integrated into any installed security system.

(c) A general announcing system. It shall be activated from a central control room and the alternate monitor location and shall contain speakers in every space. It shall be protected from electromagnetic pulse effect if these effects are a design consideration for the facility.

(d) Clearly identified rooms. These shall be marked by large (5 cm or higher) luminous (reflective or Photo) alphanumerics that are easy to see or illuminated by rescue personnel operating in a smoky environment.

(e) Large "YOU ARE HERE" graphics. These shall be mounted in the corridor throughout the facility (preferably at each major corridor intersection and by each fire door).

(f) Portable high visibility facility graphics for use by rescue teams.

Any items not specifically addressed in this chapter will automatically he covered by the entire NFPA 520 code.

1 These additional protective features do not apply to underground facilities that are specifically covered by standards approved by an authorized fire protection agency of the U.S. Government (e.g. DoD instruction 6055.9-STD,DoD "Ammunition and Explosive Safety Standards"). 2 2 A single fire main is adequate for facilities of less than 100m ~I0,76~t2), not induding access tunnels or shafts. 5The preferred fire suppression design for critical electronic/electrical spaces are a three layered approach. First,

~ revent the fire from spreading beyond its initiating source with and-held extinguishers, or built-in cabinet extinguishers. Hand-

held extinguishers shah be extensively distributed in these spaces. Second, if a fire cannot be contained in its cabinet or at its source, prevent the fire from engulfing the remainder of the space and equipment by room-flood gas systems such as CO2, or other newer approved substitutes. Room flood systems should be interlocked with space ventilation to prevent dispersal of those gases. Third, prevent the fire from leaving the space and engulfing the fire areas or facility by using water sprinklers that activate at temperatures higher than activation temperatures that initiate the room flood gas system. Some of the newer sprinkler systems technologies may be pre-action systems and or water mist systems to minimize accidental discharges and damage recovery time for critical electronic equipment. For critical mission spaces that are protected from electromagnetic pulse effect the sprinkler piping penetrations into protected spaces must be designed to electromagnetic pulse protection specifications.-The major water problems for sensitive electronic equipment are conductivity of the sprinkler . . . . . . . water, dewatering the spaces and the time required for restoring, testing and recertifying operabdlty. Sprinkler system design shall also include floor drains designed to maintain electromagueticpulse protection (if the space is shielded). SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 520 is general in nature and the new chapter will comply with Public Law 104-113 as signed by President Clinton. This stand-alone Chapter will address the governments subterranean facilities. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle in Part.

Add new text to Section 2-2: 2-2.1.6 Noncombustible materials shall be used in the

construction of all new walls, fixed partitions, insulation, ceilings

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and floors. Fire retardant coating on otherwise combustible construction materials is not permitted.

2-2.1.7 All new wall and ceihng finishes, along with movable partitions shall conform to the requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code and the following features.

(a) Interior finish shall be Class A only with a flame spread rating not to exceed 25 and a smoke development rating not to exceed 50, when tested in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

(b) Foam grid panel dropout ceiling shall not be permitted. (c) Carpeting and other textile wall coverings shal/only be

applied as an interior finish if the material passes the acceptance criteria of NFPA 265 Standard Method of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Coverings.

2-2.1.8 All new electrical and data communications cable shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 70 National Electrical Code and with the following additional requirements:

(a) Within buildings allpower, distribution and alarm circuits shall be routed in enclosedraceway or conduit, or the cables shall be rated for use in air plenums and be tested in accordance with NFPA 262, Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Wire and Cables.

(b) Within buildings the use of nonmetallic conduit or raceway is prohibited.

Renumber the section "Special Enclosures as 2-2.1.9. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: It is the intent of the committee that the items in Log la that have not been included in NFPA 520 are either already addressed in the standard or would apply to facilities that are outside the scope, purpose or application of this standard.

The committee feels that it is important to limit the quantity of combustible materials in subterranean spaces, by limiting new construction materials, new interior finishes in this language addresses this in ten t In an attempt to reduce the amount of smoke and toxic gases that may be produced and limit the amount of exposed combustible materials, the committee feels that all cables should be enclosed in metal raceway or conduit or be noncombustible. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP12) 520- 80 - (Add): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Committee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Add new text:

The standards primary focus is to safeguard life and property against fire and related hazards. Other safety concerns such as structural adequacy, plumbing, mechanical, including

I environmental conditions are beyond the scope of this standard. These issues are considered important and additional requirements are expected to be enforced by the authority having jurisdiction. Where no authority having jurisdiction exists, the owner or operator should include due consideration of these items. SUBSTANTIATION: In response to public inquiries on the document the committee felt it necessary to provide additional explanatory material regarding the scope of the document. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #7) 520- 81 - (A-2-3.1 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Don Woodard, Underground Developers Assn.

[ RECOMMENDATION: Add the following appendix material for 12-~.1: [ A-2-3.1 This section is not intended to require an NFPA 101 ] ggmpliant smoke barrier between buildings and between the [ buildings and the common space. It is intended only to minimize ] the amount of smoke movement between the buildin~ts and ] between buildings and common space.

SUBSTANTIATION: The new text explains the purpose of the exterior building walls. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: If the Committee's intent is not to require an NFPA

101 compliance smoke barrier, then it certainly should be the

Committee's intent to require something close to that Simple compliance with fire resistive time periods does not assure in any stretch of the imagination that adequate restraint on smoke movement will be achieved. Assemblies capable of meeting the ASTM E119 requirements and similar test methods are also capable of passing significant quantities of smoke at ordinary and customary pressure differences encountered in both fire and nonflre environments. This appendix material if left in place would be unconscionably misleading.

(Log #68) 520-82- (A-2-3.1.1 (New)): Accept SUBMITI"ER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc.

I RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows: A-2-3.1.1 Two hour fire resistive exterior walls separate building

spaces from common spaces and are intended to provide a moderate level of smoke protection. Requirements of a fire resistive wall provide an acceptable level of smoke resistance. As an example, required smoke/fire dampers in such walls may close upon fusible link or heat detection. SUBSTANTIATION: The level of smoke protection required for exterior building walls is unclear. This Proposal clarifies that a reasonable level of smoke protection is intended. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:


EXPLANATION OF NEGATIVE: DILLON: Please see comments on Proposal 520-81 (Log #7),

A-l-3.1 (New) and Proposal 520-33 (Log #12) 2-3. A barrier intended to restrict the passage of smoke or even reasonably limit it by whatever name one calls it or whatever purpose ascribes to it cannot reasonable be expected toperform its function ff it is not both reasonable air-tight and the devices within it to close openings are neither already closed by nature of being self-closing nor automatic closing by use of smoke detection technologies. A heat sensing device whether it be a heat detector or a fusible link is patently useless to detect the presence of smoke with any reasonable degree of speed.

(Log #72) 520- 83 - (A-3-2.$ (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows:

A-3-2.3 A travel distance of 3,500 ft was adopted from the Kansas City, Missouri, Building Code. The distance represents travel times of 14 to 28 min using a range of speed 125-250 ft per min. This travel distance and time is considered acceptable based upon occupants having the ability to move away from a fire or smoke hazard. SUBSTANTIATION: This Proposal offers historical information and clarifies the intent.

NOTE: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA Headquarters. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The travel distance has been modified negating the reason for the explanation. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #39) 520- 84 - (A-3-4 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Jack Poole, Poole Fire Protection Engineering, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows:

A-3-4 When measuring the egress width in roadways or railway, the minimum egress width shall not include the required width for vehicle traffic or railway vehicles. SUBSTANTIATION: The reason for adding this in the appendix is to clarify that the roadways or railways may contain vehicles that would obstruct or potentially eliminate the required egress width. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

] Change the word ~shalff to "should" to read as follows: ] A-3-4 When measuring the egress width in roadways or railway, I the minimum egress width should not include the required width [ for vehicle traffic or railway vehicles.

COMMITrEE STATEMENT: Eliminates mandatory requirement in the appendix. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

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(Log #73) 520- 85 - (A-3-4 (New)): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: Anthony Meister, FP&C Consultants, Inc. RECOMMENDATION: Add new text to read as follows:

A-3-4 A life safety evaluation is a written review deal ingwi th the adequacy of life safety features relative to fire, crowd behavior, and of the related safety considerations. This review should be done by a person acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Such an evaluation includes, for example, a documen ted case that shows products of combustion in all conceivable but reasonable fire scenarios will not significantly endanger occupants using means of egress in the facility (for example, because of fire detection, automatic suppression, smoke control, large-volume space, or management procedures) . Moreover, means of egress facilities plus facility management capabilities should be adequate to cope with scenarios where certain egress routes are blocked for some reason.

In addit ion to making realistic assumptions about the capabilities of persons in the facility (i.e., an assembled crowd including many disabled persons or persons unfamiliar with the facility), the life safety evaluation should include a factor of safety of at least 2.0 in all calculations relating hazard deve lopment t ime and required egress time (the combinat ion of flow time and other time n e e d e d to detect and assess an emergency condit ion, initiate egress, and move along the egress routes). This takes into account the possibility that half of the egress routes may no t be used (or usable) in certain situations. SUBSTANTIATION: This Proposal offers clarification of the elements of a life safety evaluation. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

Change "...crowd behavior..." to ". . .occupant behavior..." in the first sentence.

Change "...assembled crowd including..." to ".. .assembled group of occupants including..." in the first sentence of the second paragraph to read:

A-3-4 A life safety evaluation is a written review deal ing with the adequacy of life safety features relative to fire, occupant behavior, and of the related safety considerations. This review should be done by a person acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Such an evaluation includes, for example, a documen ted case that shows products of combust ion in all conceivable but reasonable fire scenarios will no t significantly endanger occupants using means of egress in the facility (for example, because of fire detection, automatic suppression, smoke control, large-volume space, or managemen t procedures) . Moreover, means of egress facilities plus facility managemen t capabilities should be adequate to cope with scenarios wilere certain egress routes are blocked for some reason.

In addit ion to making realistic assumptions about the capabilities of persons in the facility (i.e., an assembled group of occupants including many disabled persons or persons unfamiliar with the

i facility), the life safety evaluation should include a factor of safety of at least 2.0 in all calculations relating hazard deve lopment t ime and required egress time (the combinat ion of flow time and other time needed to detect and assess an emergency condition, initiate egress, and move along the egress routes). This takes into account the possibility that h a l f of the egress routes may not be used (or usable) in certain situations. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Crowd is a term that deals with a smoke protec ted assembly seating facility and occupant is a more

nL~o~Eriate term for subterranean spaces. R O F COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25

VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION: AFFIRMATIVE: 25

(Log #CP11) 520- 86 - (Figure B-I th rough B-4 (New)): Accept SUBMITTER: Technical Commit tee on Subterranean Spaces RECOMMENDATION: Add the following Figures B-1 through B-4 into a new Appendix B. SUBSTANTIATION: Some of the terms in this s tandard contain definitions that are different f rom the terms and conce ts found in • . P other standards. The commit tee feels it ts necessary to show how these def ined terms interact in the subterranean space in order to help the user to identify the areas that are affected by certain requirements within the standard. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept. NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25

Property fin.e_

Unexcavated area

F i g u r e B-1

Common space

F i g u r e B-2

I

I I I !

I I ! I

!

I ! I I

I I I I

1

4 1 6

N F P A 5 2 0 ~ F 9 8 R O P

Developed space ~ Undeveloped space

F i g u r e B-3

?su po

Net floor area

(Log # ( 2 1 3 ) 520- 87 - (Entire Documen t ) : Accept SUBMITTER: Technica l Commi t t ee on Sub te r r anean Spaces

] RECOMMENDATION: Adopt a new documen t , NFPA 520, [ S tandard on Sub te r ranean Spaces, as shown at the end of this I report.

SUBSTANTIATION: In October, 1993 a sympos ium group m e t in Kansas City, Kansas to examine the p rob lem of fires in sub te r ranean spaces conver ted to commercia l use. It was the r e c o m m e n d a t i o n of the g roup that an applicat ion be m ad e to the National Fire Protect ion Association reques t ing the Standards Council to establish a commi t tee project tha t would address this type of occupancy. The r e c o m m e n d a t i o n was based on the un ique characterist ics of commercia l sub t e r r anean spaces a n d the fact tha t these characteristics require a fire and life safety approach that could differ significantly to that of a bui ld ing on the surface.

Some of those characteristics include: 1. Atypical smoke movement , venti lat ion needs and geological

considerat ions tha t make egress a n d suppress ion activities difficult. 2. T e n a n t and visitor emergency responses require act ions within

a large u n d e r g r o u n d area with l imited access to the outside. 3. The different egress and fire f ight ing requ i rements for

sub te r r anean spaces require di f ferent approaches to issues such as emergency power, i l luminat ion and o ther emergency systems operat ion.

This s tandard has been a r ranged to address these special cons idera t ions . COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept . NUMBER OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS ELIGIBLE TO VOTE: 25 VOTE ON COMMITTEE ACTION:

AFFIRMATIVE: 25 C O M M E N T ON AFFIRMATIVE:

BOYER: See C o m m e n t on Affirmative on Proposal 520-61 (Log #2).

MELZER: I aff irm with comment . D o c u m e n t is now acceptable after several years of work and research. Coml~rises made at the Colorado Springs work session were made in tlae spirit the d o c u m e n t is substantially in the final draft form. Reconsiderat ion of specific e lements to these comprises would necessitate withdrawal of my suppor t for the documen t .

POOLE: I affirm with c o m m e n t for the s tandard as a comple te documen t . The NFPA 520 d o c u m e n t is acceptable as a first review and issue copy. My commen t s on the working drafts reflects my concerns and issues. I believe tha t there are several areas of the s tandard tha t still n e e d to be f ine- tuned to provide an adequate level of fire protect ion (suppress ion a n d / o r detect ion) and life safety for the sub te r ranean spaces that the s tandard applies to. I unders tand and a~ree with the compromises tha t the commit tee agreed to at the Colorado Springs working session. I unde r s t and tha t if the commi t tee does no t come to a consensus , t h e n the approval process for the s tandard may be s ignif icandy delay. I suppor t the cur ren t edit ion of the s tandard and am looking forward to the future deve lopment and re f inements of the s tandard.

WOODWARD: After several years of work and research, the expendi tu re of considerable t ime, energy and expense, the d o c u m e n t as conta ined herein, is acceptable to me. Th e compromises m a d e within the commi t tee at the Colorado Springs work session were m a d e in the spirit tha t the d o c u m e n t is substantially in final draft form. To recons ider specific e lements of these compromises at this t ime would necessitate withdrawal of my suppor t for the entire documen t .

ure 11-4

4 1 7

N F P A 5 2 0 - - F9 8 R O P

NFPA 520

Standard on Subterranean Spaces

1999 Edition

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory material on the paragraph can be found in Appendix A.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 7 and Appendix C.

Chapter 1 Introduction

1-1" Scope.

1-1.1 This standard shall address the safeguarding of life and property against fire, explosion, and related hazards associated with developed subterranean spaces.

1-1.2 This standard shall not cover the following types of subterranean spaces:

(a) Tourist caverns (b) Wine storage caverns (c) Gas and oil storage reservoirs (d) Hazardous waste repositories (e) Utility installations such as pump stations (0 Working mines (g) Transportation and pedestrian tunnels (h) Aboveground buildings with below ground stories (i) Cut and cover underground structures specifically addressed

in the building code

1-2 Purpose.

1-2.1 The purpose of this standard shall be to provide minimum requirements for the design, operation, and maintenance of de~eloped subterranean spaces for safety to life and property from fire and similar hazards.

1-2.2 Nothing in this standard shall be intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or superior ~ s t r e n ~ , fire resistance, effectiveness, durability, and saf~'hS'~£~.:. alternauves to those prescribed by this standard, pro v~.~"" ~ sufficient technical documentation is submitted to t l ~ o r i ~ having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency, and t h e ' ~ ~* method, or device is approved for the intended ~ lect ~ o s e . "~ . x

1-$ Application. a ~ N ~ " ~ : ' " " l v to n ~ 1-$.1 The requirements of this standar~o....~x~=p y to n developed subterranean spaces. Where spec ~ ' ~ g notedt'g~his standard shall also apply to existing fadlitles " ....

odi.catio., °mode n , . d di oo.: enal ditioo modifications are made, remodeling is done, or a~ space is created in an existing developed subterranean space, the requirements of this standard shall apply to those modifications, remodeling, or additions.

1-$.$ When requirements for existing subterranean spaces apply in this standard, a limited but reasonable time shall be allowedfor compliance, commensurate with the magnitude of the expenditure, disruption of services, and degree of hazard.

1-4 Definitions.

1-4.1 The following terms, for the purpose of this standard, shall have the meaning given in this chapter, if not otherwise modified elsewhere.

1-4.2 Where terms are not defined in this chapter, they shall have their ordinarily accepted meaning or such as the context implies.

Annunciator. A unit containing two or more indicator lamps, alpha-numeric displays, or other equivalent means in which each indication provides status information about a circuit condition or location.

the outside w~ deduction for columns, O~I elsewhere i~ area u n l ~

Approved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Authority Having Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a procedure.

Building. An area of the subterranean space that is separated from the common space or the undeveloped space by fire- resistive construction.

Common Space. The area of the developed subterranean space other than buildings, including but not limited to roadways, railways, loading docks, and entrances.

Developed Space. An area of the subterranean space that has been altered for the use of advanced industrial capability, technological sophistication, or economic productivity.

Exit Passageway. An endosed passageway that leads from the subterranean space to the exterior public way.

Exterior Building Wall. The rock surface or constructed wall that separates a building in the subterranean space from the remainder of the space.

Fire Command Center. The location where the status of the detection, alarm communications, and control systems are displayed and from which the system(s) can be manually controlled.

Floor Area, Gross~.. ~.The floor area within the inside perimeter of ~1~ walls~.#~t~building under consideration with no a 0r~lways,~stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, o ~ ¢ . a t u r e s . Where the term "area" is used

." i ~ s ' ~ d , it shall be understood to be gross floor

~, Net. FI¢~)~i: _~...l Net ~.~l, area shall be the gross floor area th~'z:hrea of s u v ~ t columns.

such lc occur.

Low-hazard contents shall be classified as those of ~tibility that no serf-propagating fire therein can

~ ~ i x l l n a r y . Ordinary-hazard contents shall be classified as ~ " o s 6 ~ are likely to b u m with moderate rapidity or to give off a ~:onsi~rable volume of smoke.

~l[~azard, High. High-hazard contents shall be classified as those that are likely to burn with extreme rapidity or from which explosions are likely.

High Hazard Occupancy. Buildings or portions of the subterranean space that involves the manufacturing, processing, use, generation, or storage of materials that constitute a high fire hazard.

Listed.* Equipment, materials, or services included in a list

~ ublished by an organization that is acceptable to the authority avingjurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or

services, that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and whose listing states that either the equipment, material, or service meets identified standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.

Parking Area. An area used for parking of occupant vehicles that is not intended to serve as storage of vehicles.

Portal. A horizontal roadway or pedestrian entry to or exit from the subterranean space.

Property Line. A line dividing differing zones of ownership or control over excavated or unexcavated subterranean spaces.

Railway. Any passageway within the subterranean space intended for the use of trains or other railway vehicles.

Roadway. Any passageway within the subterranean space in tendedfor use by motor vehicles or by motor vehicle or pedestrian traffic.

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N F P A 5 2 0 ~ F 9 8 R O P

Roadway, Fire Department Vehicle. Any major thoroughfare designated for fire department apparatus.

Roof. The roof of the subterranean space is the rock overlying such space together with any structural reinforcement in the form of rock bolts, a surface layer of shotcrete, and /or other reinforcement.

Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

Subterraneaa Space. A cavern resulting from the extraction of subsurface-located material from underground areas in a manner that the surface area of theproperty is not disturbed except in the vicinity of the entrances and ventilation openings.

Undeveloped Space. The portion of the subterranean space that has been mined but has not been altered for the use of advanced industrial capability, technological sophistication, or economic productivity.

Zone. A defined area within the protected premises. A zone can define an area from which a signal can be received, an area from which a signal can be sent, or an area in which a form of control can be executed.

Chapter 2 Construction Requirements

2-1 Occupancy. The following occupancies shall be allowed within new and existing buiiding~ assembly, business, educational, detention and correctional, health care, residential, board and care, industrial, mercantile, and storage high-hazard occupancies.

In addition to the requirements contained herein, assembly, educational, detention and correctional, health care, and residential occupancies shall comply with the provisions of NFPA 101 ° , Life Safety Code s .

High-hazard occupancies that contain materials that are within the maximum quantities of exempt amounts as specified in Table 2-1 shall be permitted.

F_a~tion No. 1: Combustible liquids necessarj for eraergenc~ potoer generation and other emergency equipment shall be permitted in accordance with 2-2.5.

Exception No. 2: Class 1I and Class 171 combustible liquids shall be permitted to be stor~l in morns in accordance with 2-1.1 The storage and use of other high-hazard materials shall be permitted when approoed by the authe~ having jurlsdictio~

2-1.1 Storage of Class II and Class m Liquids, All Class II and Class Ill liquids shall comply with the following requirements.

2-1.1.1 Class II and Class I l iA combustible liquids shall not be used, dispensed, or mixed in open containers.

2-1.1.2 All Class II and Class III combustible liquids shall be stored in closed containers and shall comply with the following:

(a) All areas shall be separated from all other uses including common space by a 2-hour fire wall.

(b) Shelving, racks, and wainscoting in such areas shall be of noncombustible consvmction or wood not less than 1 in. nominal thickness.

(c) The floors in areas containing high-hazard materials shall'be of noncombustible, liquidtight construction.

(d) All areas containing high-hazard materials shall be recessed a minimum of 4 in. or shall be provided with a liquidtight raised sill with a minimum h ~ h t of 4 in. so as to prevent the flow of liquids to adjoining are~#~U~f~pt for surfacing, the sill shall be constructed o~ncom'lSnst ible material and the liquidtight seal

|kwith the shall be cor~LSKI ~ material being stored. When ~ w i d e d , they shall be permitted to be omitted liquidtight~lms ar~ : ) y ~ n s t a l h f i o n of an open-grate trench that at door~KS~g s I

t ~ a ~ a p l conn~ . ~ ? r o v ~ n a g e system.

~ kAll a ]~s shall be I~ovided with a drainage system to direct [ ~ . ~ l t i ~ i d s to an approved location, or the rooms,

b u i l d , or ~reas shall be designed toprovide secondary contal~ ~ . fog h ' ~ the high-hazard material and fire protection water.

Table 2-1

Material Class

Combustible liquid °,~

Combustible fiber (loose) (baled)

Explosives Flammable solid Flammable gas

(gaseous) (liquefied

Flammable liquid s,4

Combination I-A, I-B, I-C

~ e m Amount of )uantities Per Control Area t

Solid Solld , , u l d G . So .d U , uld 0~ .~ . . (~s) (t~s) (gal) {~s)

III-A ~ 1 5 ~ ~ ~ 330 80 13,200 s 3,~06 III-B :

lOOO~ 2 0 0 ~ 1 Ib s 0.25 0.25 lb 0.25 0.25 Ib

1 2 5 ° ~

7504# 750 ° 15 ~ 15 °

I-A ~)5 30 10 I-B 60 s 60 15 bG 90 s 90 20

1205 120 30

1Conu:ol areas shall be separated form each other by not less than 1-hour fire-resistive construction. The number of control areas within a building used for retail or wholesale sales shall not exceed two. The number of control areas in buildings with other uses shall not exceed four. ~The aggregate quanti W in use and storage shall not exceed the quantity listed for storage. $ .-r. , The quantities of alcoholic beverages in retail sales uses shall be unlimited provided the liquids are packaged in individual containers not exceeding four liters. The quantities of medicines, foodstuffs, and cosmetics containing not more than 50 percent of volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solutions not being flammable in retail sales or storage occupancies shall be unlimited when packaged in individual containers not exceeding 4 liters. 4Quantities shall be permitted to be increased I00 percent in sprinklered buildings. When Note 5 also applies, the increase for both notes shall be permitted to be applied. SQuantities shall be permitted to be increased 100 percent when stored in approved storage cabinets, gas cabinets, or exhausted enclosures. When Note 4 also applies, the increase for both notes shall be permitted to be applied. ~rbe quantities permitted in a sprinklered building shall not be limited.

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N F P A 520 - - F 98 R O P

Drains from the areas shall be sized to carry the sprinkler system design flow rate over the sprinkler system design area. The slope of drains shall not be less than 1 percent. Materials of construction for the drainage systems shall be compatible with the stored materials.

Incompatible materials shall be separated from each other in the drain systems. They shall be permitted to be combined when they have been rendered acceptable for discharge by an approved means into the public sewer. Drainage of spillage andf i r e protection water directed to a neutralizer or treatment system shall comply with the following:

1. The system shall be designed to handle the maximum worst- case spill from the single largest container plus the volume of fire protection water from the system over the minimum design area for a period of 20 minutes.

2. Overflow from the neutralizer or treatment system shall be rovided to direct liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe cation away from the area or building, material or fire protection

control valve, means of egress, or other building or fire department vehicle roadway.

(f) All drains in the area shall be directed to a containment system or other location designed as secondary containment for the high-hazard liquid and fire protection water for the building, room, or area. Such containment system shall be designed to provide secondary containment of high-hazard liquids and fire protection water through the use of recessed floors or Iiquidtight raised sills.

Secondary containment shall be designed to retain the spill from the largest single container plus the design flow rate of the sprinkler systems, or the areas of the room, or areas in which the storage is located, or the sprinkler system design area, whichever is smaller. The containment capacity shall be capable of containing the flow for a period of 20 minutes.

Overflow from the secondary containment system shall be rovided to direct liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe cation away from the building, any material or fire protection

control valve, means of egress, or other buildings or fire department vehicle roadway.

When secondary containment is required, a monitoring method capable of detecting high-hazard material leakage for the containment into the secondary containment shall be ~ . d n ~ . ~ " When visual inspection of the primary containment i.~,~ ~ practical, other approved means of monitoring shalt~$ to be provided. When secondary containment can be s u b k ~ t o i the intrusion of water, a monitoring method fo&q~.~.~.watl be provided. Whenever monitoring devices ~ ' ~ l S F ~ sha]! be connected to distinct visua~ or audible a l a r m ' ~

2-2 Construction Requirements. shall be compartmented in accc

2-2.1 Walls separating buildings from common less than 2-hour fire-resistive construction.

be not

Exception: Glass partitions shall be permitted to be used to separate, an enclosed lobby or offtce area from the common space, provided they meet the following:

(a) The lobby or office area is low hazard

(b) The lobby or office area is separated from the remainder of the tenant space by a 2-hour fire-resistive construction.

2-2.2 Walls separating buildings shall be not less than 2-hour fire- resistive construction.

2-2.3Any building shall be subdivided by 1-hour fire-resistive construction into areas no larger than 360,000 net ft unless further restricted in this standard.

2-2.4 Fire walls and fire barrier walls shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls.

2-2.5 Opening protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows.

2-2.6 Noncombustible materials shall be used in the construction of all new walls, fixed partitions, insulation, ceilings, and floors. Fire-retardant coating on otherwise combustible construction materials shall not be permitted.

2-2.7 All new wall and ceiling finishes, along with movable partitions, shall conform to the requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Code the following features:

(a) Interior finish shall be Glass A only with a flame spread rating not to exceed 25 and a smoke development rating not to exceed 50, when tested in accordance with NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials.

(b) Foam and panel dropout ceiling shall not be permitted.

(c) Carpeting and other textile wall coverings shall only be ap.p.lied as an interior finish if the material passes the acceptatance. cn tena of NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Coverings.

2-2.8 All new electrical and data communications cable shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 70, National Elearical Code ® and with the following additional requirements:

(a) Within buildings all power, distribution, and alarm circuits shall be routed in an enclosed raceway or conduit, or the cables shall be rated for use in air plenums and tested in accordance with NFPA 262, Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Wires and Cables.

(b) Within bu!.~t prohibited. ~ %

2-2.9 Root~i~use~

use of nonmetallic conduit or raceway is

flammable and combustible liquids or emergency power generation shall be ~e~of the subterranean space by not

: construction.

2-3.1" ( ~ . ~ T h e movement of smoke between buildings and between IJt l~l~gs and common spaces shall be minimized in ~ . d ~ t h ~ i s section ) . ~ . , . < ~.,~"

• ~ q E x t e r i o r building walls as described in Section 2-2 shall be contit~i,ons from exterior wall to exterior wall and floor to roof,

uding continuity through all concealed spaces, and shall de an approved means of control of smoke spread.

When pillars are used, the pillar shall be considered part of the exterior wall.

2-3.1.2 Interior smoke barriers required for specific occupancies by NFPA 101, Life Safet~ Code, shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 101.

2-3.2 Doors. Doors in exterior building walls as described in Section 2-2 shall be in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows, and shall be without undercuts, louvers, or grilles.

2-3.3 Dampers. Dampers and air transfer openings penetrating exterior buildingwalis as described in Section 2-2 shall close upon activation by heat detection or fusible link.

Exception: Approved smoke detectors located within ducts.

2-3.4 Penetrations and Miscellaneous Openings in Exterior Building Walls. Wall penetrations for pipes, conduits, bus ducts, cables, wires, air ducts, pneumatic tubes and ducts, and similar building service equipment that penetrate exterior building walls as described in Section 2-2 shall be protected in accordance with NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fife Barrier Walls.

Chapter $ Means of Egress

5-1 Means of Egress Within the Building. Means of egress within new and existing buildings within the subterranean space shall be in accordance with NFPA I01, Life Safety Code. For the purposes of this standard, once the common area is reached the provistons of NFPA 101 no longer apply.

4 2 0

N F P A 5 2 0 ~ F9 8 R O P

Exception: Means of egress for assembly, educational, health care, board and care, and residential occupancies shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 101, Life Safety Cod6 both within the building and in the c o r a ~ n o n aTea .

3-2 Means o f Egress from the C o m m o n Space. Means of egress f rom the common space shall comply with the following requirements .

3-2.1 Exits shall be arranged so that there are at least two separate means of egress to the exterior of the subterranean space.

3-2.2 Exits shall be ar ranged so that the required exits from the subterranean space are separated by a distance not less than 300 ft.

3-2.3 The travel distance to a portal, a refuge area, or the entrance to an exit passageway system shall be no t more than 2000 ft.

3-2.4 When the occupant load exceeds 5000, a third exit leading to the exterior of the subterranean space shall be provided.

3-3 Occupant Load Determination. The number of occupants for exit width calculations from the common space shall be based on 150 percent of the highest occupant load of a building, or based on 2000 ft pe r person net floor area, whichever is greater.

34* Egress Capacity. The egress width within the common space shall be based on 0.2 in. per person for level travel and 0.3 in. pe r

fresh air through a borehole from the surface during a fire emergency. Air quantity shall be at least 20 scfm (standard cubic feet per minute) per person or the min imum required to prevent smoke infiltration, whichever is greater.

(c) Areas of refuge shall be provided with positive pressure of 0.05 in . /wg ( inches/water gauge) relative to the adjacent space.

(d) Entrance and exit f rom the refuge area shall be through a vestibule equipped with doors that have self-closing devices.

(e) Refuge areas shall be provided with food, drinking water, emergency lighting, blankets, toilet facilities, and first aid kits in quantifies appropriate to the in tended usage. Two-way voice communicat ions shall be provided to the fire command center.

(f) Areas of refuge shall be separated f rom the remainder of the subterranean space by no t less than 2-hour fire-resistive construct ion.

Refu~e areas shall be permit ted to be used dur ing normal operations for o ther purposes, provided that they are always available for refuge purposes. The surface borehole shall be permit ted to be an exhaust ventilation shaft provided that the direction of airflow can be reversed dur ing an emergency by controls located in the refuge area.

3-9 Exit Passageway. erson for travel on stairs, based on the occupant load de te rmined

Section 3-3. 3-9.1 An exit passageway or exit enclosure shall be separated from the remainder of .~ . , space by 1-hour fire-resistive construction and

Exception:* Where a specific approved life safety evaluation of the space shall be s u p p l i e . d . ~ k ~ u t s i d e air sufficient to provide positive is provided, pressure of 0 . 0 . ~ . wat~? gauge relative to the adjacent

subterrane~ 3-5 Exit Doors. Any door in a required means of egress within the ¢.~ " % ~ , common space shall be openable f rom the inside without the use 3-9.2 I~.~.~.~l~.i~.ings ~.~:~termitted o ther than required exits f rom of a key or special knowledge or effort, nor . m ~ " ~ i e d sp'$~:...::~o penetra t ions o ther than ducts,

• . . sp~le'"- r~ ip ing , a n d e l ~ c a l condui t serving the exit passageway $-6 I l lumlnauon m C o m m o n Soaces . .ag.e..':.~..erml~.g.d. "~:" - .,.:::~- .~:..-::-~:. ..'-:::::~'~..., • - -~.~, .:~:::'-'-~?~. 3-6.1 Means of egress within the common space shall have 3-9.3 ' ~ i w i c ~ t h of an exit passageway shall be adequate to il lumination providing a min imum of 1 footcandle measured at ~. a c c o m n ~ . t e t.lte aggregate required capacity of all exits the floor level at each hydrant location. Where the line of sittbt :~-~.-'.::.-..... d i s c h a r ~ u ~ h [ t b u t in no case less than 44 in. . . . . . . . . ~.~ ~.-.~, .~.:.> ~ x...: between hyd.rants Is no t _O°sslble additional _o°mts of d lummat ion ~,":-.">-::---x~.~ ,,~..~5~.+.....i~.. ,a,,.-.'.-.-':: . . shall be provaded. "~,. ~ . ~ i ~ 4 Fire Alarm, Detect ion , and Suppress ion Systems

. . . . .:.:,.,, '~ ...:.:-.-" ~.~::.. 3-6.2 Common spaces w~thm subterranean spaces shall d . [ ~ t e ':.~:.-:i.:" 4-1 ~ Alarm Systems. their means of egress with emergency lights that shall b ~ ":'i~i:. ,~ by a standby power supply that shall provade power f..q..c...iigmm~ . r~m • ~ . 1 General. A fire alarm system shall be provaded in all new of a 1 1 /2 hour period. ~i.'-':-'~?... ~ ~ i e v e l o p e d subterranean space. A fire alarm system shall be

.... i?.',~!!...-...~ . . . . . ~ ) ] !~ provided in the port ion of the commons space used as the sole 3-7 Marking . . . . . :..-:.,.:::::::-.,.,. ":::~:..::.-ii:,:.'~, "" means of egress.

<~!~>" ".':~!.,.. "~:~:..'>..:.:~:.'* . . . . q : . " . ~ : : . . - . : ~ : : . . ~ : ~ . : : . : ~ . •

3-/.1 All means of egress within the sub te ..g,.'!tnean s p a C e , all bevy 4-1.1.1 Where required, the fire alarm system shall be installed and identified for general-traffic directaon ~ e r g e n c y pt~.~y~se#~y mmnta ined m accordance w~th NFPA 72, NauonalFire Alarm Code . readily visible si[gnage in reflective l e t t e d ' ~ g . " ~ e r i n g s h ~ i no t be less than 4 in. high with 1/2-in. wide s tro~ ' : : .~ ,~ , , .:'.~ff 4-1.2 Initiation.

. . " : . " . : . '~ .~ . . ,#" . . . . 3-7.2 Every o ther pillar adjacent to roadways and ~ y s shall be 4-1.2.1 lmuat ion shall be by manual means or by any reqmred identified by name, letter, or number with a large ~.~eetion arrow automatic fire detect ion or suppression system. Buildings without associated with the word "EXIT" in letters no t less than 6 in. h igh fire suppression systems or fire detect ion systems that are required with 3/4-in. wide stroke point ing in the direction of nearest exit to have a fire alarm system shall be provided with manual initiation from the subterranean space•

3-7.3 All street identification and exit rout ing within subterranean spaces shall be shown on maps available to all persons using the facility, posted in all buildings, and made available to police, fire, and all o ther agencies with emergency jurisdiction. Such maps shall be updated to reflect significant changes on an annual basis.

3-8 Refuge Areas.

3-8.1 One or more refuge areas or exit passageways shall be Pdrovided in new and existing subterranean spaces when the travel

istance from any building exit to the exterior of the subterranean space exceeds 2000 ft.

3-8.2 Refuge areas shall meet the following requirements:

(a) Each refuge area shall provide 10 ft ~ of floor area for each person it is in t ended to serve.

(b) Each refuge area shall have an engineered fresh air system that provides

in accordance with NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code.

4-1.2.2 An automatic fire detect ion system shall be installed in new buildings, including loading docks.

Exception: Areas provided with an automatic suppression system.

4-1.3 Notification. Notification of the fire alarm system shall be by general alarm throughout a building or space. The fire alarm system shall t ransmit an alarm signal to the fire command center.

Exception:* Where total evacuation of occupants is not practical due to the configuration of the building, only the occupants in the affected zones shall be initially notified. Provisions shall be made to selectively notify occupants in other zones to afford orderly evacuation of the entire building.

4-1.4" Fire C o m m a n d Center. A fire command center shall be located at a readily accessible location near the entrance to the subter ranean space.

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Exception: The location requirement shall be permitted to be waived in the event the facility maintains a 244tour Interior Structural Fire Brigade meeting the requirements of NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades.

4-1.5 Annunciation. An annunciation panel shall be provided.

4-1.5.1 Audible and visual signals shall be provided for each zone.

4-1.5.2 At or near the annunciation panel shall be a map indicating in an approved detail of the developed space, identifying by letter name a n d / o r number of each pillar adjacent roadways and railways, each building, and each tenant space.

4-2 Sprinkler System.

4-2.1 A sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all developed areas of new and existing subterranean space.

Exception No. 1: Existing freezer storage areas,

Exception No. 2: Common space in which the roadways, parking areas, and railways are not the sole means of egress from any occupied area of the subterranean space.

Exception No. 3: Areas protected by other approved fire suppression systems designed and installed in accordance with the applicable NFPA standard.

4-2.2 Required sprinkler systems shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.

4-3 Standpipe Systems.

4-3.1 All nonsprinklered parking areas in new subterranean spaces with travel distances greater than 500 ft from the most remote portion of the parking area to the closest fire hydrant shall be protected by a fire hydrant(s) or Class I standpipe(s).

4-3.1.1 Where nonsprinklered existing parking areas in subterranean spaces are not accessible by fire department apparatus, a Class I standpipe shall be installed.

4-3.2 All railways in new and existing subterranean spaces used as a required means of egress shall be within 500 ft of a fire hydrant or Class I standpipe(s).

Exception: Railways protected with automatic sprinklers. ....:#~:g;"

4-3.5 All nonsprinklered freezer areas shall be s e r v e c t ~ ! ~ i i ~ : ' : : : hydrants or Class I standpipes. Where the travel d i s tan t ~ the "~ closest hydrant or standpipe is greater than 500~.~..9.....~...e rr remote p o . i o n of the freezer area, these by intertor Class I standpipes. ~::i~iiiii~:~~ "::~i::!i~]i~.:~:..-:..-~: J~:'--

4-3.4 When required, standpipes shall I~:e i ~ e d in acc~@dance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of f f ( ~ i p e an.~i':'Hose Systems. ~:i~ :"

".'q:i:~- 4-4 Water Supply. .:#"

4-4.1 All in new and existing subterranean spaces shall be provided with an adequate and reliable water supply as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

4-4.2 Fire protection equipment and systems, where required, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, and NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps.

4-4.3 Fire hydrants shall be located alon~ developed roadways and roadways serving building-type construcuon at not more than 500-ft intervals or as necessary to protect all accessible exterior building a r e a s .

4-4.3.1 Where fire hydrants are required, they shall be provided in accordance with NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances

4-5 Maintenance. All water-based extinguishing systems shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testin~ and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systetn~.

Exception: Where flow testing of systems or equipment is not practicag an alternate means of testing shall be permitted as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

4-6 Emergency Power. For power loads classified as emergency power, the transition time from the instant of failure of the normal power source to an alternative power source shall not exceed 10 seconds. Where required, the following are classified as emergency power loads:

(a) Fire detection systems

(b) Fire alarm systems

(c) Exit sign illumination

(d) Emergency lighting

(e) Fire command center lighting

4-7 Standby Power. For power loads classified as standby power, the transition time from the instant of failure of the normal power source to an alternative power source shall not exceed 60 seconds. Where required, the following are classified as standby power loads:

(a) Electric driven fire pumps

(b) Mechanical air-handling systems and smoke control systems for all areas of refuge and exit passageways

(c) Standby l ~ e q u i r e d for areas of refuge and smoke control mechati~=al eoi~tnment rooms

(d) T w ~ y c ~ . J a n i c a t i o n s system

with Article independent source of power in : of NFPA 70, National Electrical

4-8 dies.

4-8.1 The ,e r supply for emergency and standby power installed in accordance with NFPA 110, and Standby Power Systems, and NFPA 111, trlcal Energy Emergency and Standby Power

I The alternate power supply shall be capable of providing .~r for a minimum of 1 1/2 hours for emergency power systems 4 hours for standby power systems.

Chapter 5 Emergency Preparedness

5-1" Emergency Action Plan. Owners or their authorized representative of new and existing subterranean spaces shall establish, implement, and maintain an emergency action plan acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

5-1.1 Breathing Apparatus. Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, the owner shall supply on-site self-contained breathing apparatus and necessary equipment for the use of emergency response personnel. The location of the equipment shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

5-1.2 Fire D ~ .

5-1.2.1 Fire exit drills for new and existing subterranean space and new and existing building space shall be conducted at least annually. Each building tenant shall conduct additional drills at frequencies prescribed by NFPA 101, Life Safe9 Code.

5-1.2.2 The drill procedure for the subterranean space shall include but not be limited to the following:

(a) Activation of alarm communication procedures described in the emergency action plan, including notification of building

(b) Evacuation of building occupants to the exterior of the subterranean space or a designated location

(c) Prior notification of the annual test to the authority having jurisdiction

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N F P A 520 ~ F98 R O P

5-1.2.3 A written record of such drills shall be kept on the Pnremises for a 3-year per iod and shall be readily available for

spection by the authority having jurisdiction.

5-2 Fire Extinguishers. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided throughout all buildings according to the requirements of NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.

Chapter 6 Fire Department Provisions

6-1 Communications. The owner or owners' representative of new and existing subterranean spaces shall provide an approved communication system for use by emergency personnel. The systems shall be capable of communication throughout all developed spaces and shall provide communication with the fire command center.

Exception No. I: In existing subterranean spaces, alternate communication systems acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception No. 2: A subterranean space provided with a fireman phone system throughout-

6-1.1 Phone locations shall be at a minimum at each of the required hydrants.

6-2* Preplanning. The local fire jurisdiction shall establish and maintain a prefire plan for all subterranean spaces within their jurisdiction.

6-3* Fire Department Access. Inaccessible or dead-end fire department vehicle access roadways shall be identified or marked as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

Chapter 7 Referenced Publications

7-1 The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this standard as mandatory requirements and shall be considered part of the requirements of this standard. The edition indicated for each referenced mandatory document is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this standard. Some of these mandatory documents might also be referenced in this standard for specific informational purposes and, therefore, are also listed in Appendix C.

NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 1998 edition.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler S y s ~ ' ~

NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and ~ ~ S~stems, 1996 edition. ~ - " ~ " ~ ' t ~ .

NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation ~trif'~ " l ~mp; O0Oe Ooo o/ a •

NFPA 22, Standard for Water Tanks for Priva'%~ " . Prot 1996 edition.

NFPA 24, Standard for the Installation of Private F~. ~roice Mains and Their Appurtenances, 1995 edition.

NFPA 25, Standard for the Inspection, Testin~ and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, 1998 edition.

NFPA 70, National Electrical Code e, 1996 edition.

NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm Code ®, 1996 edition.

NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, 1995 edition.

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code e, 1997 edition.

NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 1996 edition.

NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energ~ Eraergenc 3 and Standby Power Systems, 1996 edition.

NFPA 221, Standard for Fire Walls and Fire Barrier Walls, 1997 edition.

NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, 1996 edition.

NFPA 262, Standard Method of Test for Fire and Smoke Characteristics of Wires and Cables, 1994 edition.

NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Coverings, 1994 edition.

NFPA 600, Standard on Industrial Fire Brigades, 1996 edition.

Appendix A Explanatory Material

Appendix A is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is inoluded for informational purposes on O. This appendix contains explanatory materiag numbered to correspond with the applicable text paragraphs.

A-I-I This standard's primary focus is to safeguard life and property against fire and related hazards. Other safety concerns such as structural adequacy, plumbing, and mechanical system design, including environmental conditions, are beyond the scope of this standard. These issues are considered important, and additional requirements are expected to be enforced by the authority having jurisdiction. Where no authority having jurisdiction exists, the owner or operator should include due consideration of these items.

A-1-3.2 Change of a tenant does not necessarily constitute a change of occupancy. If the type of occupancy, such as storage, does not change with change of ownership or tenant, the requirements of new construction might not apply.

A-1-4.2 Approved. x..:~.~e National Fire Protection Association does not approve, ins.~-~:~terl~t~,, certify any installations, procedures, equipment,, o r . , ~ . nor. does it aoprove, . . . . or evaluate testing l a b o r a t o r t e s ~ [ ~ t . . e r m m m g the acceptabdity of installations, p r o c e d u r e ~ q u U ~ t , or materials, the authority having ju r i sd i~? . .~ ]~y b ~ c e p m n c e on compliance with NFPA or oth%~?~mte s ~ In the a~ence of such s t~aards , " ~ . " e~ r~"i~vi den ce ~uthgrity may requ of proper installation,

u r ' ~ r use. Th~ athority having jurisdiction may also E ~ l ~ i n g s or labeling practices of an organization that is

corn ~ wi~a product evaluations and is thus in a position to determi~.c,?m/~llance with appropriate standards for the current

~ . t l i l a o r i t y Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority .~v iK~ ' i i sd ic t ion" is used in NFPA documents in a broad mann~'~, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their .r ...e~ponsibilifies. Where public safety is primary, the authority ~ n g j u d s d i c t i o n may be a federal, state, local, or other regional ~[epartment or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a tire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role o f theau thor i ty having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction.

A-1-4.2 Limed. The means for identifying listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluation; some organizations do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority having jurisdlction should utilize the system employed by the listing organization to identify a listed product.

A-2-$.1 This section is not intended to require a smoke barrier between buildings and between the buildings and the common space that is compliant with NFPA 101, LifeSafety Cz~. It is intended only to minimize the amount of smoke movement between the buildings and between the buildings and the common space.

A-2-3.1.1 Two-hour fire-resistive exterior walls separate buildings spaces from common spaces and are intended to prove a moderate level of smoke protection. Requirements of a fire- resistive wall provide an acceptable level of smoke resistance. As an example, required smoke/fire dampers in such walls can close upon fusible link or heat detection.

A-~4 When measuring the egress width in roadways or railways, the minimum egress width should not include the required width for vehicle traffic or railway vehicles.

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NFPA 520 - - F98 ROP

A-3-4 Exception. A life safety evaluation is a written review dealing with the adequacy of life safety features relative to fire and behavior and of the related safety considerations. This review should be done by a person acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Such an evaluation includes, for example, a documented case that shows that products of combustion in all conceivable but reasonable fire scenarios will not significantly endanger occupants using means of egress in the facility (e.g., because of fire detection, automatic suppression, smoke control, large volume space, or management procedures). Moreover, means of egress facilities plus facility management capabilities should be adequate to cope with scenarios where certain egress routes are blocked for some reason.

In addition to making realistic assumptions about the capabilities of persons in the facility (i.e., an assembled crowd including many disabled persons or persons unfamiliar with the facility), the life safety evaluation should include a factor of safety of at least 2.0 in all calculations relating hazard development time and required egress time (the combination of flow time and other time needed to detect and assess an emergency condition, initiate egress, and move along the egress routes). This takes into account the possibility that half of the egress routes cannot be used (or usable) in certain situations.

A-4-1.3.1 Exception. In order to approve an evacuation plan to selectively notify building occupants, the authority having jutisdiction should consider several building parameters, including building compartmentation, detection and suppression system zones, occupant loads, and the number and arrangement of the means of egress.

A-4-1.4 The fire command center may serve as a guard room, security office or managers office.

A-5-1 An emergency action plan should include but not be limited to the following:

(a) A procedure to be used to communicate an alarm (b) A procedure to be used to evacuate or relocate all building

occupants (c) A procedure to be used for the conduct of fire/evacuation

drills and to account for all personnel (d) A procedure for emergency control of the ventilation system (e) Aprocedure for adequate traffic control during emergencies (0 A designated method of distribution of the plan to all

personnel(g) frequency revising plan , . ~:.... [~i~!~[ The method and of the ..::fij.:'i

A-6-2 A prefire plan should contain the following: .:.:."~!ii~.;:.i!

(a) Identification of tenant .~-:.::-:::.::.:,,. (b) Types of occupancies within the s u b t e ~ ~ : ¢ (c) Commodity classification ...... ."}#~ (d) Hazard content .,:#!ii~ii::.. (e) Location of fire command center ::" "%i!~!~:.:. (f) Location of fire department connection~!':J#::-~., i~ (g) Location of utility shutoffs "::~'~-~. x:~:" (h) Map of the subterranean space (i) Any other information required by the anthoo'~ 'having

jurisdiction (j) Emergency contacts and telephone numbers

A-fi-3 Consideration should be given to vehicle turning radius, dead-end conditions, and turnarounds.

Appendix B Diagrams of Subterranean Spaces

This appendix is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only.

Propody line

[ ]

J

D

D Bui~r~

[ ]

[ ]

[ ]

] []

] []

] []

] []

] []

] []

] []

] [] Exll

Portal Po¢~I

424

~ ' ~ Oommon space

Figure B-2 Common space.

N F P A 5 2 0 - - F9 8 R O P

Append ix C Refenced Publ icat ions

C-1 The following d o c u m e n t s or port ions the reof are re fe renced within this s t andard for informat ional purposes only and are thus no t cons idered part o f the r equ i rements of this s t andard unless also listed in Chapter 7. The edi t ion indicated here for each reference is the cu r r en t edit ion as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this s tandard.

C-I.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protect ion Association, 1 Bat tervmarch ParL PoO. Box 9101, Quincy~ MA 02269-9101.

NFPA I01 °, Life Safety Code, 1997 edition,

Developed space [ ~ ] Undeveloped space

Figure B-3 Developed aed undeveloped space.

::~-':-'x

Support :~$~ pillar

Y

Gross floor area Net floor area

F~ure B-4 Cross and net floor areas.

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technical committee on

Documents