technical aspects of storage tank prevention

7/26/2019 Technical Aspects of Storage Tank Prevention

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S Z U - Y I N G H U A N G

M . S A M M A N N A N

2 0 1 3

Technical Aspects of Storage

Tank Prevention


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What are storage tanks?

fundamental for the storingof liquid, gas, and otherchemical fluids.

provide accommodation of

inventory for raw materials,additives reactants,intermediate materials,finished products, and

wastes.the first layer in contact with

chemical materials andconnected with otherprocess devices.


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A!"#$%!&'( ST!%A$# TA')S

AST

are easy to manage

*t usually stores crude oil products, intermediates,and raw chemicals with flamma+le or toic ha-ards


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CASE OF STORAGE TANK AND TANK FARMINCIDENT

1

What:A catastrophic tank collapse

Whee:Allied Terminal *nc. Tank storage area athesapeake, "irginia

Whe!:'ovem+er /001


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Allied Terminal *nc. Tank ollapse

Source2 http233www.cs+.gov3&ser4iles3file3Allied5/0Terminals5/0%eport5/04inal.pdf


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CASE OF STORAGE TANK AND TANK FARM INCIDENT

2

What:'aphtha Tank 4ire

Whee:SingaporeWhe!: 6711


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'aphtha Tank 4ire

Source2 http233www.going/sg.com3/0683073ma9or:fire:disasters:in:singapore.html


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Tank %oof 4ailures

*nternal eam %upture

"ent System 4ailures

Snow3%ain Topping *ssue

4rangi+le %oof:Shell ;ointsSeismic


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Potential *gnition Source

Welding equipment

a+les

Static electricity

=iscellaneous sources from human error


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Tank Storage %isks


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T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'

*nerting

:reducing oygenconcentration in tank


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T#>'*AP%!T#T*!'

Shunts forfloating rooftanks

@'4PA 10B:Stainless steelshunts +e spacedno more than 60

feet apart aroundthe roof

perimeter.


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T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'

%oof:shell+onding ca+le

:*nstall a ca+le from thetop of the shell to the

middle of the roof,typically on the order of/C0 D C00 ==

N"te: 1000 #$#%&a '$&(E 6== or 6 kcmil, and is@approimatelyB equal to2

0.C0F mmG, so / kcmil H 6 mmG @a6.I5 errorB


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T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'

Walkways

:creates roof:shell+ond

:As the floating roofraises and falls, thelower end of thewalkway movesradially tocompensate for the

change in height ofthe roof.


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O)e*e((%e a!+ O)e,$&&$! #ach fied tank should +e provided with proper overpressure and

underpressure devices

Proper si-ing of devices to take into account the worst possi+le

conditions Periodic inspection of devices

Tamper:proof vents

&se =anagement of hange policies for alterations to +e made

Tank capacity E inactive @workingB capacity J overfill protection

capacity

T#>'*A P%!T#T*!'


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AI Sta!+a+( Re&ate+ t" Ta!/

AP* D FC0 E Welded Steel Tanks for !il Storage

AP* D FC6 E athodic Protection for A+ove $round Petroleum Storage

Tanks

AP* D FC/ E ining of A+ove $round Petroleum Storage Tanks

AP* D FCI E Tank *nspection, %epair, Alteration and %econstructionAP* D F/0 D (esign and onstruction of arge Welded ow Pressure

Storage Tanks

AP* D /000 D "enting Atmosphere and ow:Pressure Storage Tanks

AP* D /C6 D #vaporating osses from #ternal 4loating %oof Tanks

AP* D /C67 D #vaporating osses from *nternal 4loating %oof TanksAP* D /IC0 D !verall Protection for Petroleum Storage Tanks

AP* D /06C D leaning Petroleum Storage Tanks

AP* D /CC0 D =easurements and ali+ration of Petroleum Storage Tanks


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M"(t& Re%$e+ AI Ite'( I!+$)$+%a&Cet$,$#at$"! "a'

AP* D C60 D Pressure "essel *nspection ode

AP* D C0 D Piping *nspection ode

AP* D FCI D Tank *nspection, %epair, Alteration and

%econstruction


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!ther odes for Storage Tanks

'4PA D I0 D 'ational 4ire Protection Association 4lamma+le and om+usti+leiquids ode

#PA D 80 4% 66/ !il Pollution Prevention and %esponse, 'on:transportationrelated onshore and offshore facilities

(!T D II 4% 6C8 4acilities transferring oil or ha-ardous materials in +ulk

(!T D II 4% 6CC !il or ha-ardous material pollution prevention regulationsfor vessels

(!T D II 4% 6CF !il and ha-ardous materials transfer operations

(!T : 87 4% 6/ >a-ardous materials, provisions, communications,emergency response, training requirements, and security plans


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OSHA Sta!+a+(

$uarding floor and wall openings and holes

Permit:required confined spaces

=echanical power:transmission apparatus

ogging operationsSpecifications for accident prevention signs and tags

A+rasive wheel machinery


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OSHA Sta!+a+(

6760 Su+part ( Walking:working surfaces

4ied *ndustrial stairs

6760 Su+part # #it routes, emergency action plans, and fireprevention plans

#mergency action plans6760 Su+part $ !ccupational health and environment control

6760 Su+part > >a-ardous materials

4lamma+le and com+usti+le liquids

Process safety management of highly ha-ardous chemicals>a-ardous waste and emergency response standard


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>ow to prevent future tank loss?

$ood safety integration program with installation

ode review

!peration

=aintenance4ollow:up evaluation


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:4in:

Ke SafeK

technical aspects of storage tank prevention

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