Technical Application

RFA 624-A-01-0043

I. Cover Sheet Prime grantee: Associates for International Resources and Development 185 Alewife Brook Parkway Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Tel: (617) 864 7770 Fax: (617) 864-5386 dplunkett@aird.com Subgrantee: Purdue University

Office of Sponsored Programs 1063 Hovde Hall West Lafayette, IN 47907-1063 Tel: (765) 494-6204 Fax: (765) 494-1360

This Technical Application follows the proposed format as below: I. Cover Sheet II. Executive Summary III. Project Plan A. Proposed approach/priorities/objectives B. Inputs/activities/anticipated results C. Implementation plan D. Team Personnel and subgrantees E. Management/coordination plan F. Measures to ensure localization/sustainability G. Monitoring and Evaluation plan a. Plan for measuring and reporting on progress toward proposed benchmarks and achievement of results. b. Plan for coordination/sharing of information with USAID, other donors, NGOs, etc. H. Cost Share Contribution, as applicable. IV. Organizational Capability A. Brief description of organizational history/expertise B. Relevant experience in West Africa C. Relevant experience with proposed approaches D. Sub-recipient capabilities and expertise E. Proposed field management structure and financial controls F. Proposed staffing (include CVs of key personnel) G. Speed with which start-up can be undertaken The Financial Plan and Budget Details are contained in a separate document submitted along with this Technical Application.

II. Executive Summary The 15-country Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has embarked on the creation of the West Africa Power Pool (WAPP) to permit electricity-trading among members. The potential exists for these countries to cooperate on short-run and long-run arrangements for electricity trading and system planning which should give great latitude for market forces to operate in the West Africa region. The estimated savings from a regional approach to electricity trading are estimated to amount to 3 to 4 billion dollars. Beginning with the signing of the agreement by the ECOWAS Energy Ministers in Ghana in November 1999, progress on development of the West African Power Pool (WAPP) through late 2001 has advanced rapidly towards the end of the transitional stage of setting up the WAPP. The WAPP, through its committees, is presently establishing the institutions and technical rules necessary to create a functioning operating power pool. Key decisions must soon be taken regarding fundamental issues such as the structure of the pool, the rules of operation, and common data reporting requirements to promote transparency.

As the West Africans go about setting up their power pool, an outside donor such as USAID can play a critical role in bringing together regional utility and ministry officials for WAPP meetings accompanied by training and technical assistance. The committees are the coordinating structure for the implementation of the WAPP and USAID, through AIRD, has successfully provided the means for the member states and national utilities to convene and to begin to make the WAPP a reality. Further, in an era of limited resources, USAID has placed priority on building the capabilities of regional organizations, achieving economies of scale by reaching targeted sectoral audiences across a broader geographic area, such as through support on regional electricity trading. The WAPP countries at present are divided into two zones. Zone A countries, along the route of the West Africa Gas Pipeline are Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria and Togo. Zone B is formed by Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Sierra Leone. The present “two-speed integration” is compatible with the goal that all the WAPP countries benefit from the power pool, as to date the two zones have been taking decisions together. In response to the present RFA, AIRD and Purdue University aim to continue to support the process of creating the WAPP. Under the EAGER/Trade cooperative agreement between USAID Africa Bureau’s Office for Strategic Development and AIRD, the prime contractor, USAID provided two years of funding for AIRD and Purdue support to the West African Power Pool through African Trade and Investment Program (ATRIP) funding. From October 1999 to September 2001, AIRD and Purdue successfully collaborated with the Energy Division of the Department of Industry and Infrastructure in the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat as well as with the 14 participating members of the WAPP.1 There has been significant progress 1 Cape Verde, while a member of ECOWAS, has chosen to participate only as an observer in the WAPP process to date.

to date in promoting the integration of the electricity sectors of the ECOWAS countries, and tangible achievements in the creation and functioning of the West African Power Pool (WAPP). This response to the RFA provides detail on the approach, implementation plan and financial management system for 15 months of further collaboration by AIRD and Purdue with the ECOWAS Energy Division and the WAPP members, from January 2002 through March 2003. The primary aim of the AIRD-led project would be to facilitate the implementation of the action plans for the working groups on technical and institutional issues created under the WAPP and support the decision-making processes of the WAPP project implementation committee and the ministerial-level steering committee. The AIRD-Purdue team will provide analytical, logistical and managerial support by working closely with ECOWAS member country governments, electric utilities and regional institutions such as the ECOWAS Secretariat and the Commission of UEMOA. There was a very high degree of African leadership associated with the prior AIRD-Purdue project for helping the WAPP, and there are excellent prospects for continuing to elicit substantial co-financing on the part of the regional organizations, member governments and electric utilities. The total cost of the proposed activities is $500,421. African Participants Component In order to advance the process of integrating the electricity sectors of the WAPP countries, it is desirable to support the work of the project implementation committee and of the two working groups already created. This task requires substantial diplomatic and linguistic skills. It is therefore proposed that AIRD provide logistical support for 8 meetings and workshops, all of which would take place in West Africa: • 2 meetings of the project implementation committee. • 2 meetings of the institutional working group. • 2 meetings of the technical working group. • 2 two-week meetings for hands-on modeling training The budget for travel costs associated with the Africans’ travel within West Africa is designed to serve as seed money around which co-financing and complementary activities would come from the ECOWAS Secretariat, the WAPP member state governments and electric utilities, and other donors. In addition, it is reasonable to foresee the provision of support for certain services to be performed in West Africa, for example document reproduction for the proposed informational education campaign. AIRD will collaborate on the implementation of the informational educational campaign with the ECOWAS Communications Department, as well as with other interested groups.

The total cost for the African Participants component, administered by AIRD, is $169,378. AIRD Component Tasked with overall responsibility for the project, AIRD will provide analytical, logistical and managerial support for the meetings, training and activities of the WAPP project implementation committee and the two WAPP working groups. AIRD’s work on Barriers to Business Expansion under EAGER indicates that an unreliable electricity sector is identified by African business managers as the most frequently cited constraint to growth in their business. AIRD’s approach therefore is to encourage the necessary conditions in macroeconomic and structural policies for greater investment and business linkages. Daniel Plunkett of AIRD will advance the development of the WAPP analytical and planning capacity, working with the ECOWAS Secretariat and other regional actors in the WAPP process, including member state ministry and electric utility participants. AIRD involvement will catalyze progress on rationalizing the division of labor among regional actors and institutions and their relationship within the technical and institutional working groups. A key objective will be furthering consideration of establishing an eventual WAPP coordinating center, as outlined in Indicator 2 under Intermediate Result 4.4 of the USAID West Africa Regional Program’s Strategic Objective 4. AIRD has a strong track record in activity management in collaboration with ECOWAS. To date, AIRD has encouraged gender diversity among the high-ranking officials in the national administrations and electric companies, although only Senegal and Nigeria have had female representation. AIRD will assist the members of the two working groups in implementation of their respective action plans through providing analytical and instructional materials. Potential outputs could include: • For the technical working group, standardization and establishment of common

requirements for periodic data reporting among the WAPP members is a desirable goal. AIRD will participate in the WAPP technical working process for collection and presentation of the common reporting. In particular, AIRD can assist the working group members in how to make meaningful economic comparisons across the ECOWAS region. Common data reporting could be included in the reports emerging from the technical working group intended for the project implementation committee. In this way, greater transparency of information would reinforce the cooperation on policy harmonization within the WAPP and provide an example for greater cooperation on data and statistics in other economic and social sectors in West Africa.

• For the institutional working group, AIRD could provide the delegates with a menu of regionally-specific educational materials, easily available via the Internet, on topics such as electricity sector regulation, the nature of competition, private sector participation, environmental issues, electricity tariff harmonization, social cost and the role of energy subsidies. AIRD will also facilitate the development of linkages

and partnerships with industry groups elsewhere, for example by maintaining links with the Energy Partnership Program of the U.S. Energy Association.

• AIRD could submit a 25-page overview paper examining economic issues on a suitable topic such as one of the following:

o Wheeling, or the fee charged by Country B on a sale of electricity by Country A to Country C utilizing the national grid of Country B. The report would propose ways to arrive at optimal solutions for eventual negotiations on wheeling between WAPP member countries.

o Deriving benefits for poverty reduction, greater gender equality and sustainable economic development from public programming decisions on electricity.

• AIRD will design and implement the informational educational campaign for the WAPP. Two well-defined outputs, a brochure and a pamphlet, will be disseminated in the 3 ECOWAS languages, with the assistance of the ECOWAS Communications Department. The brochure and pamphlet will be distributed to the executive and legislative branches in each of the WAPP member countries.

• AIRD and the Energy Division of the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat will visit the ECOWAS Parliament to brief appropriate sub-committees or officials on progress within the WAPP.

The total cost for the AIRD component, including the informational education campaign, is $151,310. Purdue Component The State Utility Forecasting Group of Purdue University, based on its experience working with ECOWAS on the WAPP since 1999,2 provides a unique analytical tool to guide the development of the of the West African Power Pool by the project implementation committee and the working groups on technical and institutional issues. The Purdue optimization model now contains technical data collected during the first year and validated during the second year, so the least-cost investment scenarios for generation and transmission obtained through the model are increasingly valuable for rational development of the WAPP. In addition, the optimization model has served as a focal point for collaboration among the WAPP member country governments and electric utilities and the responsible regional institutions, such as the ECOWAS Secretariat. The WAPP’s institutional development is now sufficiently far along, with responsibility split among the working groups, that the Purdue/AIRD modeling activities will now be more closely focused on the technical working group, with regular reporting to the project implementation committee.

Modeling West Africa’s electricity sector can show the region’s actors that increased electricity trade and a collective regional approach to new generation and transmission

2 Purdue University and AIRD have assisted the Southern African Power Pool since 1995.

projects can lead to billions of dollars in investment and operational savings over many years. The Purdue model has constituted the first region-wide database on electricity generation and transmission in West Africa, and the resulting map has helped all WAPP participants to better visualize the future shape of the power pool. In addition, Purdue and AIRD have shown the ability to bring in contacts from U.S. regulatory bodies, such as the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission, and from other power pools, for example, the Southern African Power Pool. To these ends, it is proposed that Purdue University participate in: Finalizing the user-friendly Windows interface for the least cost optimization model

and effectively transferring it to the WAPP members. 2 training workshops with the technical working group for detailed model exposition,

in West Africa, based on alternative investment scenarios determined by the technical working group.

Purdue will also develop ECOWAS Data Set #6. Purdue can also produce a project final report assessing the model development over

the course of the funded period and discussing any major change in conclusions. The two training workshops would be organized for Zones A and B, respectively, building on the technology transferred already achieved by Purdue and AIRD under the prior WAPP project. For example, in September 2001, the means for each Zone to run and operate the Purdue model, including the necessary commercial software (GAMS/CPLEX), were transferred to the WAPP technical working group. The total cost for the Purdue component, administered by AIRD, is $179,733.

III. Project Plan A. Proposed approach/priorities/objectives To meet the five desired outcomes expressed in the RFA, AIRD and Purdue University will contribute to the development of the WAPP entities with analytical, educational, and logistical support. Through joint collaboration with the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat, especially the Energy Division of the Department for Infrastructure and Industry, this activity will be African-led, but supported closely by AIRD and Purdue University. The WAPP project implementation committee and the two WAPP working groups have proven to be very effective at decision-making and self-governance since their creation in September 2000 by the WAPP steering committee comprised of ministers of energy. AIRD and Purdue University have established a strong reputation among both the anglophone and the francophone members of the WAPP. AIRD has worked closely with different elements of the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat, including the Director of the Department of Infrastructure and Industry, the ECOWAS Communications Division, the Deputy Executive Secretary for Administration and Finance, the project accountants,

bilingual secretaries, and the translation and interpreting teams. Close coordination with those responsible for organizing the WAPP meetings is an invaluable tool for achieving overall USAID goals. A principal way to support the project implementation committee and the two working groups in this African-led initiative is to provide an initial starting budget for paying for the travel costs of a limited number of core participants. No African salaries are paid, and the lodging and M&IE expenses attributed to the African participants follow USAID rules regarding maximum allowances. The members of the Project Implementation Committee, comprised of the Managing Directors of the electric utilities, or their representatives, have to date paid for their own travel costs to WAPP meetings. Therefore, the proposed approach is that AIRD will provide support for the travel costs for one expert from each WAPP country to attend either the technical or institutional working group meeting, or both, in preparation for the subsequent meetings of the project implementation committee and the steering committee. This approach usually elicits co-financing by the WAPP member of the second expert to participate in the other working group. AIRD will work with both the technical and institutional working groups, acting at times as a bilingual facilitator and moderator, as well as providing economic analysis and organizational assistance as needed. With the technical working group, AIRD will work to develop common data reporting requirements for the WAPP, which could form the basis for an annual WAPP report to be released to investors. With the institutional working group, AIRD will contribute to the review and design of proposals by the working groups and the project implementation committee related to Steering Committee decisions on regulatory principles, stability rules, protocols or bodies that will regulate regional electricity trade. AIRD will also author an applied research paper for distribution and discussion by the working groups and the project implementation committee. The paper could, if desired, address the policy challenges related to wheeling, or the transshipment of electricity across a WAPP member territory. Alternatively, AIRD could develop a paper on maximizing the economic benefits related to poverty reduction, gender equality and sustainable development to be derived from public programming decisions on electricity. Purdue University will contribute to the development of analytical tools and databases through completion of the user-friendly Windows interface for the Purdue University model and then providing in-depth, hands-on modeling training for the designated WAPP modelers from Zone A, Zone B, and the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat. Over the course of the cooperative agreement, Purdue University will work with the WAPP members in order to transfer to the WAPP members themselves the ongoing task of data collection and validation. Purdue University will work jointly with the WAPP members to produce ECOWAS Data Set #6 and training on how the Africans themselves can take responsibility for a subsequent ECOWAS Data Set #7 in the future.

Purdue University will provide two two-week training sessions in West Africa, on site at the existing core of the WAPP integrated communications network. This network is comprised of powerful laptop computers installed with the Purdue least cost optimization model and the necessary arithmetic software to run the Purdue model. The members of Zone A, Zone B and the ECOWAS Energy Division will all have access to this training and will be expected to contribute with new data updates and revised national estimates for different model parameters, such as the autonomy factors. In order to strengthen the political will supportive of the creation of the WAPP institutions at the highest levels, AIRD will undertake an informational education campaign, in collaboration with the Communications Department of the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat. The informational education campaign will result in materials prepared and distributed in French, English and Portuguese to explain the benefits of the power pool. Two products will result: a folding single-sheet brochure, similar to that produced by ECOWAS with essential information on the Second Monetary Zone being set up within ECOWAS; a pamphlet, “The WAPP At A Glance”, which will be a 20-page text with an explanation of the investment opportunities provided by the integration process and a one-page view “at-a-glance” of each of the 14 WAPP countries. Drafts of the brochure and the pamphlet will be reviewed and discussed with the ECOWAS Secretariat and the technical and institutional working groups. The dissemination strategy for the informational education campaign will respect the necessity to realize economies of scale in reaching the executive and legislative branches of so many different countries. Through the ECOWAS Secretariat, the materials will be disseminated at the meetings of the ECOWAS heads of state. Shipments of materials will be made to each of the national legislatures and to the executive branches, with deliveries made to each of the cabinet ministers and the presidency. AIRD and the ECOWAS Secretariat will make a presentation to the ECOWAS Parliament. AIRD will work with the ECOWAS Communications Department in order to disseminate the brochure and pamphlet to media outlets in every ECOWAS country. All of these activities, placed within the context of the regional integration efforts presently gaining steam within ECOWAS, will contribute to reasonable and economically sound decisions by the Ministerial Steering Committee related to the establishment and operationalization of the West African Power Pool as the entity responsible for administration and management of the electricity cooperation on a regional level. This would be among the desirable outcomes from AIRD being placed in charge of this assistance instrument for the public purpose of promoting the West African Power Pool, in order to further AIRD’s organizational goal to boost sustainable economic development and poverty reduction in West Africa. AIRD would not receive a fee or profit for this activity. B. Inputs/activities/anticipated results

The project inputs will revolve around providing logistical and analytical support to the different meetings of the WAPP. It is estimated that AIRD would provide for approximately 98 airfares by WAPP delegates over the 8 supported meetings of the working groups and the project implementation committee. In addition, AIRD would provide for lodging and meals and incidental expenses, not to exceed the USAID maximums. To the extent possible, AIRD will coordinate with the ECOWAS Secretariat on the planning of activities. AIRD will, to the extent desired, assist the ECOWAS Secretariat and the WAPP members in organizing, moderating and facilitating the different WAPP meetings. AIRD will be undertaking activities related to the informational education campaign and of an analytical nature in support of the working groups, the project implementation committee and the steering committee. AIRD will also be working with the ECOWAS Secretariat. There would be an estimated 189 staff days at various levels for AIRD. Purdue University will provide support initially by testing and finalizing the Java interface and then by leading two two-week workshops of intensive modeling training and skills transfer. Purdue University, a leader in promoting electronic communication among the WAPP members, will also be undertaking the assembly of ECOWAS Data Set #6. It is anticipated there will be an estimated 365 staff days of core Purdue support, in addition to approximately 390 days by beta testers and programmers working on the Java interface. The outputs from each meeting will be an official WAPP report, for which the ECOWAS Secretariat takes ultimate responsibility as the Permanent Secretariat for all of the existing WAPP entities (the two working groups, the project implementation committee and the steering committee). AIRD will assist in the drafting of the meeting reports in English and French, to the extent necessary and desired. Other anticipated outputs for AIRD would be the two products under the informational education campaign (brochure, pamphlet) and another economic analysis paper (for example, on wheeling). For Purdue University, the three main outputs would be: completion of the user-friendly interface for the least cost optimization model; two in-depth model training sessions in West Africa; and ECOWAS Data Set #6 distributed on CD-ROM. It is anticipated that these activities and outputs would result in substantial progress towards the indicators established by the West African Regional Program to support the development of the power pool and increase the opportunities for electricity trading. C. Implementation plan

In considering quantifiable and measurable outputs, AIRD and Purdue University believe it is realistically possible to meet the following schedule of achievement indicators: January 2002: AIRD and Purdue University consult with USAID and the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat on project work plan. AIRD begins work on informational education campaign. Purdue University begins work on finalization of user-friendly Windows interface for least cost optimization model and develops strategy for transferring the technology. Purdue University begins work on collaborating with WAPP participants in assembling ECOWAS Data Set #6. March 2002 Meeting of the technical working group. Draft of the brochure and pamphlet reviewed and discussed. AIRD organizes logistics and content in collaboration with the ECOWAS Secretariat. AIRD participates in the writing of the final reports from the meeting in English and French. April 2002 Meeting of the institutional working group. Revised draft of the brochure and pamphlet reviewed and discussed. AIRD participates in the writing of the final reports from the meeting in English and French. June 2002 Meetings of the steering committee, project implementation committee, and the technical and institutional working groups. Drafts of the brochure and the pamphlet will be reviewed and discussed with the ECOWAS Secretariat and the technical and institutional working groups. AIRD participates in the writing of the reports emerging from the meetings. July 2002 AIRD visit to Abuja to finalize text of brochure and pamphlet in collaboration with the Communications Department of the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat. Arrangements will also be made for Portuguese-language translation and for the beginning of the printing process. Completion of translation of brochure and pamphlet into French and Portuguese. Review of translation by ECOWAS Secretariat, WAPP members and AIRD. August 2002 Completion by Purdue University of user-friendly Windows interface for least cost optimization model. Transfer via CD of the interface and installation instructions to the technical working group modelers in Zones A and B. September 2002 Two-week training in modeling for Zone B countries.

Conducted by Purdue University. Purdue participates in the writing of the final reports with the conclusions and recommendations from the meeting in English and French. Finalization of printing arrangements for brochure and pamphlet. Dissemination activities to begin as soon as reproduction is completed. October 2002 Two-week training in modeling for Zone A countries. Conducted by Purdue University. Purdue participates in the writing of the final reports from the meeting in English and French. AIRD visit to Abuja to finalize publication and dissemination of the brochure and pamphlet. Visit to ECOWAS Parliament by AIRD and the ECOWAS Energy Division to inform the relevant committees and officials about the WAPP. December 2002 Meetings of the technical and institutional working groups. Consideration of AIRD paper (on wheeling, poverty reduction, or another topic) Consideration of reports on Purdue training activities for Zones A and B. AIRD participates in the writing of the reports emerging from the meetings. February 2003 Meetings of the steering committee, project implementation committee, and the technical and institutional working groups. AIRD participates in the writing of the reports emerging from the meetings. Shipment of the brochure and pamphlet to national legislatures and executive branches (every cabinet minister and ministry) for each of the 15 ECOWAS countries. Shipments will occur sooner if possible. March 2003 Final report prepared by AIRD and Purdue University There will undoubtedly be numerous obstacles to achieving an ambitious schedule for technical assistance in support regional economic integration in West Africa. In particular, the logistics involved with air travel to and within West Africa are often problematic. Past AIRD experience with this type of activity suggests that maintaining flexibility in responding to the programmatic needs is the best way to serve as a successful USAID cooperator with the West African Power Pool. For example, the venue for the different meetings proposed in this project timeline would need to be determined in consultation with the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat, the WAPP members and other donor organizations. AIRD therefore recognizes that project implementation and the definition of quantifiable and measurable outputs will be the subject of ongoing fine-tuning with USAID and the Energy Division of the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat.

D. Team Personnel and subgrantees AIRD Program Coordinator: Daniel J. Plunkett, Senior Economist Home office backstop: Katie Nash, Research Assistant Joanne Stewart, Chief Financial Officer Gisèle Bisaccia, Translator Dr. J. Dirck Stryker, President Program Coordinator: Daniel Joseph Plunkett brings an appropriate background and set of skills to the job of Program Coordinator. He possesses demonstrated skills and experience in the following areas: (a) Institutional development programs: with the West African Power Pool project for

AIRD, and, with USDA in the 1990s, on the Emerging Markets project in Mexico and in Central and Eastern Europe under the Emerging Democracies and SEED Act (Support for Eastern European Democracies);

(b) Regional economic integration: Daniel Plunkett is certified as an expert on European economic integration, was the lead U.S. economist on the NAFTA Monitoring Taskforce for three years, and has lent technical assistance to three different African regional organizations (COMESA, ECOWAS, WAEMU);

(c) Energy sector or electric power sector reform programs: principal investigator of case studies on impact of electricity integration on Benin, Ghana and Mali; research on three-stage electricity liberalization in European Union;

(d) Power pools or electricity networks: project manager for AIRD’s West African Power Pool project, editor for publication series on both the WAPP and the Southern African Power Pool (www.eagerproject.com);

(e) Least cost optimization models: extensive experience with the Purdue least cost optimization model on the WAPP and the SAPP; and

(f) Grants management: Daniel Plunkett has been involved with roughly $20 million in grants management during his professional career with AIRD and the U.S. Government. He is highly fluent in French and is a skilled translator and interpreter.

Purdue University Sub-grantee Coordinator Prof. F.T. Sparrow, State Utility Forecasting Group Team members Prof. Will Masters Dr. Brian Bowen Dr. Diakalia Sanogo The Purdue University team is built upon solid organizational capabilities, fundamentally sound analytical tools for engineering applications, and the development of long-term least cost optimization models for generation and transmission investment planning in the electricity sector. Professor Tom Sparrow and Dr. Brian Bowen of the State Utility Forecasting Group bring solid practical experience from advising the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission and the Planning Committee of the Southern African Power

Pool. Professor Will Masters and Dr. Diakalia Sanogo of the Agricultural Economics Department draw upon long bilingual experience in modeling regional integration in West Africa, at different times utilizing least cost optimization and GTAP modeling techniques. Other interested groups If desirable, AIRD and Purdue University can draw upon established relationships with other relevant organizations to attract interest in the WAPP from a range of other sources, for example, the National Regulatory Research Institute founded at the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners in 1976. AIRD and Purdue University were critical in establishing the Energy Partnership Program between the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission and the WAPP due to be signed in October 2001 through the United States Energy Association. NGOs such as the Nigerian Council of Higher Education have also expressed interest in helping to organize WAPP-related activities amongst the different business and academic associations in the different ECOWAS countries. E. Management/coordination plan In applying for this cooperative agreement, AIRD accepts responsibility for the financial accountability of funds under the project, ensuring technical direction and management oversight, providing or arranging all administrative and logistical arrangements for program operations, administering sub-grants, as needed, and providing analytical support and technical assistance to ECOWAS, as needed. AIRD management will seek to successfully achieve realistic results, as determined in agreement with USAID. The Program Coordinator, Daniel Plunkett, will have overall responsibility for financial management, subject to internal operational procedures involving AIRD Chief Financial Officer Joanne Stewart and President Dirck Stryker. AIRD has more than 20 years experience in operating a financial management system. AIRD’s plan for managing the sub-agreement with Purdue University will follow the guidelines for management of cooperative agreements. AIRD has recent experience in contracting, monitoring and evaluating sub-agreements as the prime subcontractor of the EAGER/Trade cooperative agreement from May 1995 to September 2001. The AIRD monthly business report (MBR) is a principal tool for monitoring advances to sub-recipients and their performance in submitting the necessary financial reporting to AIRD. In conducting its pre-award survey of Purdue University as a potential sub-awardee, AIRD will look to receive reasonable assurance of Purdue’s financial viability and integrity. AIRD and its staff have worked with Purdue University for more than a decade in collaborative fashion. The same pre-award review would apply for any other potential sub-awardee.

AIRD is experienced in conducting financial reviews and verification of reimbursements with African colleagues, having administered more than $1.2 million in support for African researchers under the EAGER/Trade cooperative agreement. AIRD recently administered a subrecipient audit at the ECOWAS Secretariat in September 2001, receiving the full support of the Executive Secretary, the Deputy Executive Secretary for Finance and Administration, and the Deputy Executive Secretary for Integration Programs. Since the mid-1990s AIRD has worked with the ECOWAS Secretariat, for example with the Director for Economic Research, Mr. Frank Ofei, on regional economic integration studies. The ECOWAS Executive Secretariat has proven to be a reliable partner in helping AIRD to arrange for the participants’ travel to the meetings of the WAPP project implementation committee and the technical and institutional working groups. Coordination between AIRD and the ECOWAS Secretariat has been based on harmonious bilingual interaction and a clear understanding of the responsibilities undertaken by each side in promoting partnership. Home office backstop for AIRD regarding program and agreement administration will consist of research assistant Katie Nash, AIRD Chief Financial Officer Joanne Stewart,, and President Dirck Stryker. The Purdue team would consist of a range of contributions from among Professor Tom Sparrow, Professor Will Masters, Brian Bowen, Diakalia Sanogo and University computer programmers. The name, annual salary, fringe benefits and expected level of effort of each person charged to the proposal are detailed in the Financial Plan. Resumes showing work experience for a period of at least three years are being submitted for major personnel. Total staff required: AIRD 3-4, Purdue University 4-6 (varying levels of effort) F. Measures to ensure localization/sustainability The transfer of capacity to West African participants in the WAPP is the primary goal of the AIRD-Purdue proposal. The approach proposed here is to orient the cooperator activities around meeting the goals of the WAPP member states, the ECOWAS Secretariat, and USAID. In this way, AIRD, Purdue, the ECOWAS Secretariat and the ECOWAS member states all become partners in the effort to develop the WAPP. AIRD will continue to work with the ECOWAS Secretariat on suitable principles for the WAPP members to follow in terms of co-financing. The logistical support provided by AIRD to the WAPP under the EAGER/Trade project elicited considerable co-financing from the ECOWAS Secretariat, the member state governments and the electric utilities. This was in part due to close consultation with the Energy Division of the ECOWAS Secretariat in order to ensure localization and sustainability. It is the aim of the AIRD-Purdue team that the WAPP members will eventually take over the entire costs of the development and operation of the WAPP. To the extent that this is possible during the course of the 15-month cooperative agreement, AIRD commits to using any freed-up

funds from higher-than-expected African cost-share in an appropriate manner for alternative activities, in consultation with USAID and the Energy Division of the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat. The design of the Purdue University training will further ensure localization and sustainability of responsibilities for development of the WAPP. Making use of the WAPP’s three existing powerful laptop computers equipped with the Purdue model, Purdue will undertake two hands-on training programs in West Africa. One will focus on training for Zone A countries, while the other will train Zone B countries. It is anticipated that the West African participants will have sufficiently localized the Purdue model in order to be able to run effective investment scenarios making use of the user-friendly Windows interface for the least cost optimization model. G. Monitoring and Evaluation plan The performance monitoring and evaluation plan for the proposed AIRD-led activity will involve both quantitative and qualitative measurements of results directly or indirectly related to achieving USAID’s Intermediate Result 4.4: Improved regional capacity to provide sustainable and competitively priced supply of energy Indicator 1: Harmonized regulations for the international trade of gas and

electricity adopted in at least 7 of the ECOWAS countries by 2008. Indicator 2: A regional electricity power pool organization is established and

functioning by 2005, and a coordination center is established and functioning by 2008.

Indicator 3: International electricity interconnection capacity in the ECOWAS region increased to connect all countries in Zone A by 2005, with investment of at least 100MW connecting to Zone B by 2008.

Indicator 4: Increased investment in the power and gas sectors in the region. Indicator 5: Regulatory organizations are established in the region and regulatory

functions operationalized. The quarterly reports to be filed by AIRD will be the main tool for communicating ongoing monitoring and evaluation of project goals and outcomes. Suitable qualitative and quantitative benchmarks for the various stages of the project period will be determined for each of the five indicators through regular consultation with USAID. As catalysts to the overall process, the organization of the meetings themselves is reliably monitored and evaluated. For example, substantial progress towards Indicator 2 has already been made, with the transfer of the Purdue University model and the beginnings of an integrated communications network within the WAPP. As for Indicator 3, there is evidence of progress made recently in that the terms of reference for the stability study for Zone A were discussed and approved by all 14 WAPP members in September 2001.

Other types of quantitative benchmarks could relate to the number of participants and the degree of co-financing by the African organizations involved, or the number of resolutions made and actions proposed by the working groups. In this way, it will be possible to evaluate ongoing progress in the functioning and operation of the WAPP entities, specifically the project implementation committee and the two working groups. Outside of the organization of the meetings, performance monitoring for the set of activities specific to AIRD will focus on the distribution of the draft papers agreed upon by all parties as deliverables, the incorporation of comments and dissemination of the final results. Performance monitoring for Purdue University will involve finalization and release of the user-friendly Windows interface for the least-cost optimization model, conduct and evaluation by participants of the training sessions, and finalization of ECOWAS Data Set #6. Flexibility has proven to be a necessary element in collaborating with the ECOWAS Secretariat and the WAPP participants, with the timing and emphasis given to specific meetings subject to change. The AIRD monitoring and evaluation plan, worked out in collaboration with USAID, will take into account this need for flexibility. As for the plan for coordination and sharing of information with USAID, other donors, and NGOs, AIRD and Purdue University will coordinate and share information with the USAID West Africa Regional Program office and other organizations on a regular basis. AIRD will submit quarterly reports providing updates of project activities. The dates and venues for the meetings will be determined in consultation with the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat, USAID, and other donor groups. AIRD will undertake to inform the expatriate or other donor participants (World Bank, Coopération Française) of those WAPP activities in which it is involved. As part of the Informational Education Campaign, AIRD and Purdue University will endeavor to work with interested non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to the extent possible. H. Cost Share Contribution, as applicable. AIRD has proven to be a reliable cooperator in terms of dedicating a significant cost-share contribution to projects undertaken for USAID. Under the recently-concluded EAGER/Trade cooperative agreement, AIRD averaged a cost-share contribution of at least 43.1%, including uncompensated staff time of 4%, foregone corporate fee or profit of 8%, and foregone G&A of 21.1% on sub-award activity. In addition, AIRD made significant additional cost saving contributions in terms of minimizing travel costs, as staff travel under the cooperative agreement was scheduled in conjunction with travel under other AIRD projects. AIRD, under the present response to the RFA, would agree to dedicate at least 25% cost-share. Purdue’s cost sharing for the activities and funding proposed in response to this RFA would amount to at least 13.4% of the requested funding. For the financing of the user-

friendly Windows interface, which was not part of the original AIRD-Purdue proposal for the ATRIP solicitation process earlier in 2001, senior Purdue staff would donate their time for the oversight and management necessary for the finalization of the user-friendly Windows interface. In addition, the cost share contributed by the West African counterparts is substantial, pushing the overall cost-share percentage for the activities proposed by the AIRD-Purdue team well above the recommended 25%. For example, the host country generally agrees to absorb the cost of facilities rental, coffee breaks, local media coverage, conference materials, and some logistical support, among other aspects. No African salaries are covered. If these were included in the calculation, then the cost-share percentage would likely be well over 50%. IV. Organizational Capability A. Brief description of organizational history/expertise Associates for International Resources and Development (AIRD) is a U.S. small business providing economics research and consulting services. The company was established in 1980 by its president, J. Dirck Stryker, with the goal of applying rigorous economic analysis to the issues of international development. AIRD is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts near Tufts and Harvard Universities, with which it maintains close relations. AIRD's ongoing and completed research and consulting projects encompass a wide range of international development topics. Its work is organized under the aegis of five centers, each providing a wide range of services to public and private sector clients. The WAPP project is consistent with the goals and range of activities of AIRD’s Center for Trade and Private Sector Development:, one of five AIRD centers devoted to analysis of:

Barriers to business expansion and cross-border trade. Global production/marketing linkages and industrial competitiveness. Private sector training in market analysis. Assessing constraints on and impact of regional cooperation and integration. International trade and investment negotiations and agreements. Economics of state trading enterprises. Electricity sector competitiveness. Textile and clothing sector competitiveness. Factors affecting prospects for foreign direct investment.

AIRD has extensive experience in developing countries worldwide. AIRD staff members work in Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia undertaking studies, providing technical assistance to a variety of government ministries, and working in close collaboration with local consultants. In addition, AIRD has long experience assisting multilateral and bilateral donors in the preparation, implementation, and evaluation of their policies and programs.

AIRD also serves as a catalyst to private entrepreneurs wishing to invest in developing country economies. In this role, AIRD assists private sector partners in engaging public policy makers to improve the policy environment for their investments. AIRD has raised awareness in public circles of the constraints confronted by the private sector and steps that can be taken to ameliorate the public-private partnership. AIRD also helps private sector associations develop strategic plans for improving the competitiveness of their members in global markets. AIRD's staff brings a broad perspective to the issues associated with economic development and international business. Subjects are viewed within their political, social, and technical contexts. From the collection of primary data through to the final report, careful attention is given to applying modern techniques of economic, financial, and institutional analysis within an framework that maximizes the likelihood of successful implementation. Particular emphasis is placed on working closely with policy makers and on training and collaborating with developing country counterparts in the use of these techniques, in the implementation of the resulting recommendations, and in the evaluation of subsequent effects. B. Relevant experience in West Africa AIRD, in collaboration with Purdue University, has led the USAID efforts to provide logistical and analytical support for the WAPP since 1999. AIRD has worked with other USAID resources on areas related to energy in West Africa, specifically the West African Regional Program, the USAID/Ghana mission and other consultant groups such as PA Consulting and Nexant. AIRD is presently undertaking an evaluation of the Forum for West Africa, a USAID-supported venue for interaction between the West African private sector and regional institutions such as ECOWAS, WAEMU and CILLS. Under a purchase order from the West Africa Regional Program, in 2000-2001, Daniel Plunkett of AIRD successfully undertook a case study of the economic impact of the West African Power Pool on three countries: Benin, Ghana and Mali. This involved calling upon a network of AIRD’s contacts in the public and private sectors of each of these countries, as well as analysis conducted by Purdue University. AIRD also undertook a survey of small and medium enterprises as part of the economic impact analysis. In Accra, Ghana, AIRD organized and led the April 1999 USAID workshop on regional integration, contributing to the strategy paper that led to the creation of USAID’s West Africa Regional Program. In 1998-99, AIRD was also involved in drafting the energy chapter for the USAID West Africa Regional Strategy. C. Relevant experience with proposed approaches

AIRD was the prime contractor on the Trade Regimes and Growth component of the cooperative agreement Equity and Growth through Economic Research (EAGER), through the Strategic Development arm of USAID’s Africa Bureau. The $7.1 million cooperative agreement began activity in May 1995 and was the subject of four subsequent modifications to permit the funding of ongoing activities as a buy-in by the African Trade and Investment Program (ATRIP). The proposed approach, combining economic analysis and strategic organizational skills, has led to successful collaborations by the AIRD and Purdue team with the Southern African Power Pool since 1995 and with the West Africa Power Pool since 1999. Both AIRD and Purdue University have strong management structures in place to permit flexibility in scheduling and project direction. The proposed partner, the Energy Division of the ECOWAS Department for Infrastructure and Industry, has shown an admirable ability to generate co-financing for WAPP meetings on the part of the hosting countries, the electric utilities, and other donors. As the proposed Program Coordinator, Daniel Plunkett brings in recent relevant experience as overall project administrator for the EAGER cooperative agreement and as project manager and lead economist for the WAPP project from February 2000. He has earlier experience as project manager for 1996-97 for an Emerging Markets cooperative agreement awarded to USDA’s Economic Research Service on the Mexico Market Information Project. He designed and planned the $2.5 million program and oversaw its implementation and mid-term evaluation. He was also actively engaged in institution-building technical assistance in Central and Eastern Europe from 1991 to 1995 under the Emerging Democracies program and the Support for Eastern European Democracies (SEED) Act. D. Sub-recipient capabilities and expertise Purdue University is the land-grant university of Indiana. Founded in 1869, Purdue has become a world-class institution of higher education, research and public service. As a Title XII institution, Purdue has participated extensively in Federally- funded projects aimed at research, technical assistance, and/or educational activities in developing nations.

Purdue University’s State Utility Forecasting Group/Power Pool Development Group (SUFG/PPDG) has successfully worked in electricity planning activities in North America and Southern Africa (SAPP). From 1998 to September 2001 SUFG/PPDG also worked with the newly formed West African Power Pool, (WAPP). This Purdue research group has the ideal background for the provision of further electricity modeling training and analysis of proposed electricity market changes within the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS). The Purdue experience, up until September 2001, of working with the WAPP utilities has demonstrated the order of savings that can be expected from improved regional cooperation among the 14 countries of the ECOWAS region. The basis of this modeling was founded upon the first comprehensive regional ECOWAS Electricity Data Set that was

collected with training supplied by the Purdue team. SUFG's integrated electricity modeling system projects electricity demand, supply, and price for each electric utility in the state of Indiana. The modeling system captures the dynamic interactions between customer demand, the utility's operating and investment decisions, and customer rates by cycling through the various sub-models until equilibrium is attained. The SUFG modeling system is unique among utility forecasting and planning models because of its comprehensive (economic, generation, and transmission parameters) and integrated characteristics. SUFG is working with the five investor-owned utilities (IOUs), Indiana Michigan Power Company (I & M), a subsidiary of American Electric Power (AEP); Indianapolis Power & Light Company (IPL); Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO); PSI Energy, Inc. (PSI Energy), a subsidiary of CINergy; and Southern Indiana Gas & Electric Company (SIGECO). It’s modeling techniques are also used for the three not-for-profit (NFP) utilities: Hoosier Energy Rural Electric Cooperative, Inc. (HEREC); Indiana Municipal Power Agency (IMPA) and Wabash Valley Power Association (WVPA). Forecasts for unaffiliated rural electric membership cooperatives (UREMCs) and unaffiliated municipalities (UMUNYs) are derived from the forecasts for the five IOUs. Within the SAPP, SUFG worked with Eskom (South Africa’s national utility of 38,000 MW), ZESA (Zimbabwe), ZESCO (Zambia), EDM (Mozambique), SNEL (Democratic Republic of Congo), and TANESCO (Tanzania). Within West Africa SUFG is working with NEPA (Nigeria), SOPIE (Cote D’Ivoire), VRA (Ghana) , and several other major utilities. All of these utilities are in different stages of privatization and are reviewing trading and pricing policy as well as establishing new relationships with government energy regulators. SUFG collaborates closely with American regulatory commissions and other national and international energy agencies.

E. Proposed field management structure and financial controls Both AIRD and Purdue staff will be based in the United States, traveling to West Africa for discrete purposes, such as attendance at the WAPP meetings. For activities taking place in the field, the field management structure will be directed by the Program Coordinator. The Program Coordinator will undertake to coordinate closely with USAID, arriving at appropriate protocol and procedures for proposed in-country activities to the West Africa Regional Program. Financial controls will be maintained through the established AIRD system of financial management, with the Program Coordinator and AIRD Chief Financial Officer Joanne Stewart responsible for financial reporting of activities, directed by AIRD President J. Dirck Stryker. Financial controls will be established as part of each sub-agreement, whether with Purdue University or with the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat. The accounting and reporting of expenditure associated with project activities will meet the procedures and requirements of those parties involved. AIRD has long experience working with Purdue University and with the ECOWAS Executive Secretariat on ensuring appropriate financial controls. For example, during the two visits to Abuja by AIRD will have the opportunity to conduct a review of the financial management of the WAPP project in cooperation with the ECOWAS Secretariat, so that resources can be best targeted for effective completion of goals. F. Proposed staffing (include CVs of key personnel) CVs are included for the following key personnel: AIRD Program Coordinator: Daniel J. Plunkett Purdue University Modeling Support: Tom Sparrow

Will Masters Brian Bowen Diakalia Sanogo

Level of effort and salaries for proposed staffing is detailed in the accompanying Financial Plan. For AIRD, home office back-up support will be provided by Chief Financial Officer Joanne Stewart and Research Assistant Katie Nash. For Purdue University, home office

back-up support will be provided by the Departments of Industrial Engineering and Agricultural Economics.

Daniel Joseph Plunkett Associates for International Resources and Development ph: (617) 864-7770 185 Alewife Brook Parkway fax: (617) 864-5386 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138-1101 email: dplunkett@aird.com 12 Edgewood Road Marblehead, Massachusetts 01945 ph: (781) 639-1806 EDUCATION M.A. The American University, Washington, D.C. May 1991. International

Affairs. Comparative and Regional Studies, Europe and the ACP. Specializations: EC business law; sectoral liberalization; monetary

theory; corporate structures; international organizations. Topic for thesis requirement: “Towards 1992 and Beyond: The

Integration of Intellectual Property Rights in Europe and the World.” Earned Certificat d’expertise dans l’intégration européenne, June 1991. Awarded for a cycle of colloquia in French focusing on EU common policies for transportation, food production and marketing, energy, dispute settlement, and the EC’s Less Favored Areas. Awarded jointly by the Director of the Center for Research and Documentation on the European Community, an official EU depository, and the Dean of the School of International Service at the American University.

B.A. University of Maine. 1989. French and Spanish. Summa cum laude.

Specializations: Grammar, technical writing, translation, literature. Nota bene: U.S. government certification program in economics, 1991-93. U.S. government management training program, 1991-93.

Also enrolled at Scuola Leonardo da Vinci (1989),

the Sorbonne(1987-88), and immersion at Quebec (1985, 1986).

Evening Export School (1999). Finance and marketing courses (2001).

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Daniel Plunkett has more than ten years of experience working on regional economic integration and trade liberalization in a range of economic sectors. He was involved with USAID-supported research and assistance to the Southern African Power Pool and the West African Power Pool from February 1999 to September 2001. At the global level, he has published articles and led training workshops for developing country decision-makers on different aspects of the GATT and the WTO, including the Agreement on Agriculture, the Agreement on Sanitary/Phytosanitary Measures (SPS), the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and dispute settlement mechanisms. For the U.S.-EU Transatlantic Agenda, he has analyzed the implications of the international commitments made under the 1999 Food Aid Convention. For the Development Assistance Committee of the OECD, he has studied the coherence of donor

policies aiming for poverty reduction with the commitments made under the Kyoto Protocol, the Montreal Protocol, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the Rio Convention on Biodiversity, and the Union for the Protection of Plant Obtainings (UPOV). For the OECD Subcommittee on Agricultural Markets and Trade, he assessed the impact of NAFTA on North American markets for cereals, oilseeds and other animal feeds. As for agreements at the regional level, he is expert in the various economic, monetary and defense treaties of the European Union. Recent work includes analysis of the re-negotiation of the Lomé Convention between the EU and 71 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. In the early 1990s, he was the main analyst on European environmental programs for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and later was responsible for reporting to Congress on the agriculture, labor, and environmental effects of NAFTA, also working on the compatibility of NAFTA with MERCOSUR. His Masters’ Thesis, “Towards 1992 and Beyond: The Integration of Intellectual Property Rights in Europe and the World,” covered inter alia the Basel Convention, the Paris Convention, and the TRIPS agreement of the WTO. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Economist, Associates for International Resources and Development, Cambridge, MA. (October 1998 to present) With AIRD since 1998, international agreements are more than ever a central focus of his work. Research and consulting activities with AIRD include:

Regional integration analyst. Lead economist on a USAID project modeling the benefits of trade in electricity for the 15 countries of the West African Power Pool, working in collaboration with the 14 countries of the Economic Community of West African States, in collaboration with Purdue University. Grant manager. (February 1999 to September 2001). Author of case studies of the economic impact of electricity interconnection through the WAPP on Benin, Ghana and Mali (September 2000 to May 2001). Food security analyst. Participated in the Reseau Européen sur la Sécurité Alimentaire workshop on food security in Haiti. Interviewed representatives of European Union, USAID, and Haiti non-governmental communities working on food aid and food security programming. Author of case study presented at EU/RESAL workshop on U.S.-European Union food security coordination, under the New Transatlantic Agenda, Brussels, April 2000. (March 1999). For the Partnership to Cut Hunger in Africa, responsible for updating the AIRD Food Security model estimating the cost of meeting the World Food Summit of cutting the number in undernutrition in the world in half by 2015 (January 2001-present). Trade specialist on WTO/agriculture and its effect on Africa. Leader of training seminars on the agriculture sector to prepare African trade negotiators in Senegal, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Zambia (for COMESA), Madagascar and Burkina Faso (for UEMOA) and Uganda for the upcoming Millennium Round. Led a series of training seminars on the WTO for African countries and regional organizations, including addressing the relationship between the WTO, the Rio Convention on Biodiversity and the FAO’s Plant Protection Convention (UPOV). Prepared a Discussion Paper for the EAGER All-Africa Conference in Botswana in October 1999, studying the development challenges for agriculture and food in this era of initiatives by the WTO, European Union, and United States. Assisting government and private sectors of Mali, Uganda and Madagascar in development of WTO negotiating positions (August 1999 to present).

Editor and publications coordinator for the Trade Regimes and Growth component of the EAGER (Equity and Growth through Economic Research), covering 65 publications in French and English. He is also overseeing the closing out of the 50 or so sub-budgets of the six-year $7 million cooperative agreement from USAID’s Africa bureau. (February 1999 to September 2001)

Participant in November 1999 RAISE conference in Washington, providing the synopsis of three projects on environmental tourism, food safety and process standards, and sustainable forestry. He now participates in three RAISE thematic cross-cutting groups promoting agrotourism, grades and standards, and biotechnology adoption in poor countries. (November 1999 to present) Participant in ongoing OECD work on policy coherence, with special emphasis on the linkages between food security, trade, and poverty reduction. (July 1999 to present)

Bilingual facilitator, USAID Round Table on Economic Integration in West Africa, Ghana. Wrote the proceedings. (April 1999) Participant in the Scoping Study on Poverty Reduction Practices among the donor community represented by the 28-nation Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The activity, commissioned by the Informal Network on Poverty Reduction under the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the OECD in Paris, analyzed the management practices, budgets, and policy orientation of 24 major donor organizations.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1991-1997.

Project Leader, market information in Mexico. Wrote $2.2 million grant for developing an integrated system for market information and applied economic policy analysis in Mexico. Responsible for financial management, planning, personnel recruitment, and implementation. Organized participation by five different USDA agencies and by technical consulting teams on satellite technology, LAN administration, Internet systems. Arranged the logistics and training activities for visits to Washington by Mexican teams. Cited as mutual success story at U.S.-Mexico Presidential Binational Commission meetings, May 1997. (August 1996-August 1997) Economist, NAFTA Economic Monitoring Taskforce. • Primary analyst monitoring impacts of NAFTA on commodity trade, employment,

and the environment. Responsible for periodic reporting on the implementation of NAFTA’s environmental provisions, including new international legal structures.

• Analyzed the international legal and economic frameworks for SPS and grades and standards, HACCP, and liberalization in transportation.

• Author/editor of six major reports on NAFTA. • Extensive research, interviews, and speeches in Spanish. • Briefings for top policymakers on issues like the peso crisis, the tomato war, and

Mexico’s economic recovery. • “Expert consultancy” for 27-nation OECD studying NAFTA’s effect on North

American markets. (February 1995-August 1997)

Economist, Europe Branch, Economic Research Service. • Substantive analysis of the effect of the commitments on agriculture made by the

countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Experience includes training government officials on agricultural production and marketing issues arising from European economic integration and the WTO through resident adviser and technical assistance activities in Poland, Slovakia, and Bulgaria.

• Participated in seven USDA baseline forecasting exercises on Western Europe, Eastern Europe and Mexico, as well as numerous modeling scenarios for integrated commodity analysis under multilateral and regional trade agreements.

• Served on EC/GATT Analysis Taskforce during the Uruguay Round negotiations, providing detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis in support of the negotiations. Manipulation of econometric models for the annual baseline forecasting exercise for the President’s budget.

• U.S.-Ireland Scientific Exchange grant to study consumer perceptions of biotech food products. Cooperated with Teagasc, Ireland’s National Food Authority.

• Analyzed rules governing land use, zoning, and environmental restrictions for 17 European countries. (June 1991-February 1995)

Research Assistant. International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Authored brochure on bidding for $5 million in development projects paid for by Japan’s foreign aid programs. Including feasibility studies, construction, energy, agriculture, and environmental ventures. (1991) Researcher. Center for Research and Documentation on the European Community. EC document specialist at bilingual (French and English) European Documentation Centre. Teaching. (1989-1991)

REPORTS AND PUBLICATIONS Stryker, Dirck, Daniel Plunkett, Lucie Phillips and Lynn Salinger. “Synthesis Volume of EAGER/Trade Research.” September 2001. Sparrow, F.T., Brian H. Bowen, Diakalia Sanogo, and Daniel Plunkett. “Modeling Electricity Trade through the West African Power Pool: Year Two Report.” September 2001. Plunkett, Daniel, Lynn Salinger, and Dirck Stryker. “The U.S. and Policy Coherence: Substance and Process for Change.” August 2001. Stryker, Dirck and Daniel Plunkett. “Meeting the Food Summit Target: Additional Costs and Benefits.” August 2001. Plunkett, Daniel & Dirck Stryker. “Comparing The OECD's ‘Poverty Reduction Guidelines’ and ‘Guidance on Sustainable Development Strategies’: U.S. Interests for the Future." May 2001.

Plunkett, Daniel, Christopher Shaw, Solomon Cudjoe-Seshie, Daouda Kane, Mahama Kappia, Djibril Salifou and Brian H. Bowen. “Interconnection through the West African Power Pool (WAPP): Case Studies of the Economic Impact on Benin, Ghana and Mali.” May 2001.

Stryker, Dirck and Daniel Plunkett. “DAC Guidelines on Development Cooperation in Support of Poverty Reduction: Volume Two on Policy Coherence.” Volume Two is a companion document to the DAC Guidelines on Poverty Reduction. Paris. December 2000. Shaw, Christopher, Daniel Plunkett, Germina Ssemogerere, and Polycarp Musinguzi. “Opportunities for Ugandan Exports in the Context of WTO Liberalization.” Prepared for Uganda’s National Conference on Trade Policy. Kampala. November 29-30, 2000. Plunkett, Daniel, Massa Coulibaly, and Lance Graef. “Opening Agribusiness Opportunities for Mali in the WTO.” November 2000. Plunkett, Daniel. “Policy Challenges in the West Africa Electricity Project.” Eager Discussion Paper No.38. August 2000. Plunkett, Daniel. Implications for Africa of Initiatives by the WTO, the European Union, and the U.S. Paper prepared for USAID conference, “Africa in the Third Millennium: Trade and Growth with Equity”, Gaborone, Botswana, October 18-20, 1999. Eager Discussion Paper No.21. Plunkett, Daniel and Lynn Salinger. Case Studies of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and USAID. Commissioned by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Funded by USAID. Study examines the organizations’ orientation and approach to poverty reduction. December, 1998. Plunkett, D., contributor to The President’s Assessment of NAFTA on the U.S. Economy, July 1997. Plunkett, D. contributor to “Long-term Agricultural Projections to 2005.” Commercial Agriculture Division, Economic Research Service, USDA. Washington, DC. June 1996. Plunkett, D., contributor and editor: Reports 1-7 by the NAFTA Economic Monitoring Taskforce; 1995 and 1996 editions of NAFTA International Agriculture and Trade Report; Europe Agriculture and Trade Report, 1991-1995 editions. Plunkett, D. “Japan's Foreign Aid Program: Opportunities for U.S. Business.” International Trade Administration. U.S. Department of Commerce. December 1991. Plunkett, D. "Merger Control in the European Economic Community: the Case for the New Regulation" in Western Europe at the Crossroads: Difficult Choices Ahead. Proceedings. The Institute on Western Europe at Columbia University. April 1991. AWARDS & HONORS Presidential Management Intern (a competitive U.S. government

entry program); recognized by U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and USDA Chief Economist for Uruguay Round work; 17 USDA cash awards; Phi Beta Kappa; graduation speaker.

LANGUAGE SKILLS English is mother tongue; professional experience translating

and interpreting in French, Spanish, and Italian; reading knowledge of Portuguese; intermediate level in Polish and German. Will learn others.

FREDERICK TOMLINSON SPARROW

Education:

B.S., Geology, University of Michigan, 1953

M.B.A., Managerial Economics, with distinction, Cornell University, 1956

Ph.D., Economics and Operations Research, University of Michigan, 1962 Work Experience: Current:

Purdue University - Professor of Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering (since 1978) Professor of Economics, Department of Economics Director, State Utility Forecasting Group

Adjunct Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics

1981-1998: Purdue University- Director, Institute for Interdisciplinary Engineering Studies

1976-1978: University of Houston - Professor, Department of Economics, and Chairman, Department of Industrial Engineering

1973-1976: National Science Foundation - Deputy Assistant Director for Analysis and Planning, Research Applications Directorate

1962-1973: The Johns Hopkins University - Assistant and Associate Professor of Economics and Operations Research

1956-1958: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission - Operations Analyst, Office of Operations Analysis, Washington, D.C. (GS-9)

Current Research Interests:

Energy, with emphasis on Electricity Industrial Use of Electricity Energy Conservation Natural Resource Economics

Dr. Sparrow is also currently serving as Co-Principal Investigator of a USAID-sponsored project focused on assisting the Southern African Power Pool and West African Power Pool in their effort to encourage electricity trade.

Memberships:

Association of Demand-Side Management Professionals American Institute of Industrial Engineers American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Systems Analysis Technical Committee, Advanced Energy Systems Division American Society for Engineering Education Demand-Side Management Society of AEE The Association of Energy Engineers

Consulting & Appointments:

Argonne National Laboratory Barakat and Chamberlin, Inc. Battelle National Laboratory BENTEK Energy Research Inc. Bonneville Power Administration Brookhaven National Laboratories Dan Hamblin & Associates East Ohio Gas EDS Management Consulting Services Electric Power Research Institute Gas Research Institute Hydro Quebec Illinois Power Industrial Gas Technology Center/American Gas Association MidAmerican Energy Midwest Universities Consortium for International Activities, Inc. NEOS Corporation Niagara Mohawk Power Company Northern Indiana Public Service Company Ontario Hydro Planergy PSI Energy Radian Corporation Southern California Edison Southern Company Services Technology Futures, Inc. Tennessee Valley Authority Publications

Dr Sparrow has over 300 publications. Recent publications include:

"The Projected Impact of Restructuring on Indiana Electricity Prices: An Interim Report," Staff Report, State Utility Forecasting Group, prepared for the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission, May 1998.

“Market Gaming and Market Power Mitigation in Deregulated Electricity Markets,” (with D. Lusan, Z. Yu, and F.T. Sparrow) Proceedings of The IEEE Power Systems 1999 Winter meeting, New York City, N.Y., March 1999.

"A New Long Term Hydro Production Scheduling Method for Maximizing the Profit of Hydroelectric Systems" (with Z. Yu and B. Bowen), IEEE Power Engineering Society Transactions, 1997. "A Multi-regional Electricity Trade Study for Southern African Power Pool" (with Z. Yu, B. Bowen, D.G. Nderitu, J. Wang, F. Smardo, K. Stamber), Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 60, April 14-16, 1998. "Long Term Hydrothermal Scheduling Using Composite Thermal and Composite Hydro Representations" (with Z. Yu and D. Nderitu), IEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission and Distribution, March 1998. "Generating Expansion Model Incorporating Compact DC Power Flow Equations" (with D.G. Nderitu and Z. Yu), Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 60, April 14-16, 1998. "Pricing Risk Analysis for Competitive Electricity Trading in Deregulated and Open Access Environment" (with Z. Yu), Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 60, April 14-16, 1998. "On Convexity Issues of Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling" (with Zuwei Yu and Frank. J. Smardo), International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, accepted, April 1998. “Estimation of Conjectural Variations of Competitive Electricity Prices and Consumer Response,” (with Z. Yu, D. Lusan, and F.T. Sparrow) Proceedings of the 1999 American Power Conference, April 1999. “The Cost of Uncertainty in Capacity Expansion Problems” (with J. Wang) International Journal of Energy Research, accepted April 1999. “Optimal Placement of FACTS Devices in Multiple Time Periods and Variable Load Conditions” (with Z. Yu, B. Bowen), Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Power and Energy Systems, November 1999. “Modeling Long-Term Capacity Expansion Options for the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP)” (with Z. Yu and B. Bowen), Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference Power and Energy Systems, November 1999. “A Stackelberg Price Leadership Model with Application to Deregulated Electricity Markets” (with Z. Yu, T. Morin, G. Nderitu) Proceedings of the IEEE PES Winter Meeting, Singapore, January 2000. “On Convexity Issues of Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling” (with Z. Yu and F. Smardo) International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, in press. “Short-Term Electricity Trade Study for the Southern African Power Pool” (with B. Bowen and Z. Yu) Journal of Utility Policy, in press. “Optimal Dispatch of Supply and Demand Bids for Competitive Electricity Markets” (with Z. Yu and G. Nderitu) accepted for the IEEE PES 2000 Summer Meeting.

WILLIAM A. MASTERS

Department of Agricultural Economics Phone: 317/494-4235 (office) 1145 Krannert Building 317/743-0032 (home) Purdue University Fax: 317/494-9176 (office) West Lafayette, IN 47907-1145 E-Mail: Masters@AgEcon.Purdue.edu Education: Stanford University, Food Research Institute M.A. (1986), Ph.D. (1991) in Agricultural Economics Thesis title: "Comparative Advantage and Government Policy in Zimbabwean Agriculture." Yale University BA (1984) in Economics and Political Science Deep Springs College (1979-1982) Fields of Expertise: Trade and development policy analysis, indicator methods, impact of agricultural research. Regional experience in Zimbabwe, Mali, Colombia, Haiti. Languages: Fluent French, some Spanish. Employment: Purdue University

Associate Professor (1996-present), Assistant Professor (1991-1996) Major research projects have included:

Assessment of alternative policy analysis and comparative advantage indicators, e.g. effective protection, domestic resource costs (DRC) and other measures;

Impact of agricultural research in West Africa, using farm-household models and market-level economic surplus measures;

Impact of grain market reform in Zimbabwe, including a variety of consulting activities for USAID and the World Bank;

Impact of grain market reform in Zambia, based on new types of spatial-equilibrium modeling.

Principal teaching activities include: “Economics of World Agricultural Development”, an upper-level undergraduate course

taught annually since 1992. “Agriculture and Trade Policy in Developing Countries”, and “Agricultural Development

in Africa”, graduate seminars taught in 1993-1995. “Agricultural Policy”, a graduate course beginning Fall 1996. “Impact of Agricultural Research”, a short course taught at the Institut du Sahel

(Bamako, Mali) annually since 1994. Major professor for three MS theses and six PhD dissertations.

Stanford University (1987 - 1991) Teaching Assistant for courses in trade policy, microeconomic theory, and the world food

economy; Research Assistant for Prof. Bruce Johnston to help write teaching materials for use in World

Bank/EDI courses, and Research Assistant for Prof. Scott Pearson to help write a book on Indonesian food policy.

University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe (1988-1990)

Research Associate and part-time lecturer. Stationed primarily at the Ministry of Lands, Agriculture, and Rural Resettlement, to collaborate on the first nation-wide small holder farm survey and other assist with other policy analysis activities.

Funded by a Fulbright Dissertation Research Grant (1988-89) and a Rockefeller Foundation research grant (1990).

International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington (1987)

Research Assistant for Dr. John W. Mellor Mavhudzi Government Secondary School, Nyazura, Zimbabwe (1985)

Teacher -- Form IV English Language

COLANTA Dairy Cooperative, Medellin, Colombia (1983) Intern in Technical Assistance Department

Haitian Development Foundation, Port-au-Prince, Haiti (1981)

Intern in Head Office Staff Consultancies and Grants: Total research and technical assistance funding totals over one million dollars, from:

• US Dept. of Education - Building Agribusiness Capacity (1996-98) • USAID - Equity and Growth through Economic Research (EAGER/Trade) (1995-99) • USAID - Economic Impact of Agricultural Technology in West and Central Africa (Joint with Prof. John H. Sanders) (1993-97) • USAID - Zimbabwe Grain Market Reform Research Project (1994-96) • USAID - Agricultural Policy Analysis Project (APAP III) (1994) • Purdue University - Global Initiative Faculty Grant for Teaching (1993) • Purdue University - Global Initiative Faculty Grant for Teaching (1992) • USAID/Zimbabwe - Consultancy on Grain Market Reform (1992) • World Bank - Consultancy on Agricultural Pricing in Zimbabwe (1991) • Rockefeller Foundation - Research Fellowship (1990) • ICRISAT - Consultancy on Sorghum and Millets in Zimbabwe (1989) • USIA Fulbright Program - Dissertation Research Grant (1988-89)

Publications:

Book Government and Agriculture in Zimbabwe (1994). Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

Journal articles and chapters in books “A Spatial Analysis of Maize Market Policy Reform in Zambia,” with Anthony

Mwanaumo and Paul V. Preckel, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, forthcoming.

"Input Use and Substitution in Africa: Smallholder Agriculture in Zimbabwe," with Timothy J. Dalton and Kenneth A. Foster, Agricultural Economics, forthcoming.

"Measuring the Comparative Advantage of Agricultural Activities: Domestic Resource Costs and the Social Cost-Benefit Ratio" (1995) with Alex Winter-Nelson, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77(2): 243-250.

“Returns from Research in Economies with Policy Distortions: Hybrid Sorghum in Sudan” (1995) with M.M. Ahmed and J.H. Sanders, Agricultural Economics 12: 183-192.

"Measuring Protection in Agriculture: the Producer Subsidy Equivalent Revisited" (1993), Oxford Agrarian Studies 21(2): 133-142.

"The Scope and Sequence of Grain Market Reform in Zimbabwe" (1993), Food Research Institute Studies 22(3): 227-252.

"Panterritorial versus Regional Pricing for Maize in Zimbabwe" (1993), with Ernst-August Nuppenau, World Development 21(10): 1647-1658.

"Trade Policy and Agriculture: Measuring the Real Exchange Rate in Zimbabwe" (1991), Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture 30(1): 21-36.

"The Changing Roles of Multilateral and Bilateral Foreign Assistance" (1991), with John W. Mellor, in Transitions in Development: The Role of Aid and Commercial Flows, edited by Uma Lele and Ijaz Nabi. San Francisco: ICS Press.

Book reviews Review of Agricultural Policies in Developing Countries by Frank Ellis" (1993).

American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 75(2): 502-503, 1993. Review of Transforming Agrarian Economies by Thomas P. Tomich, Peter Kilby and

Bruce F. Johnston (1996). European Review of Agricultural Economics, forthcoming.

Other publications “The Economic Impact of Agricultural Research: A Practical Guide” (1996), also

available in French. Bamako, Mali: Institut du Sahel. “Guidelines on National Comparative Advantage and Agricultural Trade” (1995), APAP

Methods and Guidelines Series 40001. Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates (74 pages). Professional Associations and Activities:

• Member of the American Agricultural Economics Association, the American Economics Association, the International Association of Agricultural Economists, the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium, and the African Studies Association.

• Reviewer for articles submitted to Agricultural Economics, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Food Policy, World Development, and other professional journals.

• Reviewer for books published by the World Bank and IFPRI.

DIAKALIA SANOGO 145-05 Arnold Drive 1145 Krannert Building West Lafayette, Indiana Purdue University 47906 West Lafayette, Indiana Tel: (765) 496-4744 Tel: (765) 494-8386

EDUCATION

Ph. D., AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS – May 2001 PURDUE UNIVERSITY, WEST LAFAYETTE, IN - USA

Areas of Specialization: Production Economics Natural Resources Economics

Dissertation Title:“Quality Certification for Locally Produced Complementary Foods in Mali” Committee Chairperson: Dr. William A. Masters. Funded by USAID. M.S. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, December 1987 NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY, LAS CRUCES, NM - USA Thesis Title:“Economic Feasibility of Wildlife Enterprises in Mali” Diploma of Engineer of Applied Sciences with major in Animal science, December 1977 INSTITUT POLYTECHNIQUE RURAL (I.P.R.) DE KATIBOUGOU, MALI (West Africa)

WORK EXPERIENCE Post-Doctorate Research Assignments at Purdue Universty. Outside consulting through AIRD and other consulting firms. May 2001 to present. Graduate Research Assistant pursuing a Ph.D. degree in Agricultural Economics at Purdue University, USA, specializing in Production and Resources Economics. 1996-2001. 1989 – 1995 : Research Assistant at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) - Bamako, Mali.

- Drafting survey sheets for Village Level Studies (VLS)

1988 – 1989 : Staff of the Division of Porject and Programme of the Nationale Directorate of Livestock, Bamako, Mali. Was in charge of the monitoring and assessment of livestock projects. 1982 – 1985 : : Staff of the Division of Project and Programme of the Nationale Directorate of Livestock. Participation to several meetings at both national and international levels as representative of the National Directorate of Livestock or the Ministry of Natural Resources and Livestock.

1978 – 1982 : Head of the Production Section at the poultry raising center « Opération Avicole du Mali » ; was in charge of the monitoring and organization of eggs and chicks production and marketing.

Assignments and Experience in Consulting 1995 : Consultant - trainer for a private consultancy and training agency « ACFOR » for the training of livestock sector technicians in managing small livestock production units. 1988/89 : Team leader of a group of Malian experts in charge of the development of an efficient Management Information System (MIS) for Mali’s livestock department. This programme was funded by USAID and implemented by the consulting division of CHEMONICS International. 1988 : Consultant in charge for an ex-post assessment of the livestock development programme of the integrated development project for peanut and cereal production in Mali, a World bank funded project. 1983 : Was in charge of monitoring the activities of the integrated project « Zone lacustre, Mali/UNSO ». 1983 : Took part to the ex-post assessment (by the world bank) of the Livestock Development Project in the Region of Mopti, Mali. This was in preparation of the negociations for the funding of the second phase of the project. 1982 : Assignment to assess the effects of drought on pastures in northern Mali. 1979 : Assessment of poultry products market in Conakry, Guinea to determine the possibility of selling products from Mali.

PUBLICATIONS AND PAPERS Masters A. William, B. Coulibaly, D. Sanogo, M. sidibé, A. Williams (1997). <<L’Impact Economique de la Recherche Agricole : Un Guide Pratique>>. Edited by Institut du Sahel, AGROSOC/GRA – CILSS, Bamako. (ISBN 2-912693–11-X) Debrah, S. K., D. Sanogo, and F.R. Boadu (1996). « On-Farm Experiments with Sorghum to Assess the Acceptability of New Varieties and Herbicide Treatments ». Experimental Agriculture, Cambridge University Press – Great Britain vol. 32, pp. 219-223.

Debrak, S. K., and D. Sanogo (1993). « Ex-ante evaluation of the profitability and potential adoption of 2,4-D amine for striga control : A contingent valuation Analysis ». Progress Report no. 3; Socio-Economics Division, ICRISAT- WASIP/Mali. Debrah, S. K., D. Sanogo (1992). « Evaluation par les paysans de quatre variétés prometteuses de sorgho en fonction de leurs caractéristiques technologiques ». Rapport d’Etape no. 2; ICRISAT/WASIP Mali _ Sous-programme Socio-Economie.

Sanogo, D., S.K. Debrah, and A.A. Adesina (1992). “Crop Production in Sorghum-based Cropping Systems : A Diagnostic Study of Four Villages in the OHV and CMDT Zones of Mali ». Progress Report no. 1; ICRISAT/WASIP Mali_Economics Sub-program. Sanogo, D. (1987). « Economic Feasibility of Wildlife Enterprise in Mali ». Unpublished M.Sc. thesis; New Mexico State University, USA. Sanogo, D. (1977). « Rôle de la farine de poisson dans la contamination des salmonelloses aviaires ». Memoire de Fin d’Etude, Institut Polytechnique Rural (I.P.R.) de Katibougou, Mali.

Papers in Progress Sanogo, D., and W.A. Masters. “A Market–Based Intervention to Improve Child Nutrition: Quality certification of Infant Foods in Bamako, Mali. Sanogo, D., and W.A. Masters. Certification de la Qualité des Aliments de Complément et Nutrition Infantile: Étude de Cas à Bamako, Mali.

BRIAN H. BOWEN Dr. Brian Bowen is an industrial engineer with interests in short and long-term energy planning and the manufacturing sector for economic development. He currently holds the position, at Purdue University, of Associate Director with the newly formed Power Pool Development Group (PPDG). He is a registered professional engineer with seventeen years full-time university positions in Africa, Mauritius (1971-73), Sierra Leone (1974-86) and Zimbabwe (1990-93). The positions in Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe were sponsored by the British Government Overseas Development Administration (ODA), and the British Council. His Mauritius position was through the British International Voluntary Service (IVS). Prior to working in Africa he was employed by the international electrical cable company BICC for seven years, in the north of England. He has taught in engineering schools in Britain and the USA for eight years. From 1996 to early 2001 he worked on the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) project at Purdue University with project management responsibilities. This has involved liaison with donor agencies and African colleagues, and electricity modeling analysis. Presentations have been given on this work to USAID, DOE, and the World Bank as well as to the utilities and governments in Southern Africa. From 1998 to 2001 he has been employed on the USAID funded West Africa Power Pool project, having also responsibilities for the development of newly proposed regional integrated energy planning projects.

Contact Numbers: Ph: 765-494-1873, Fax: 765-494-2351, Em: bhbowen@ecn.purdue.edu

Education 1998 Ph.D., Industrial Engineering, Purdue University 1985 M.S., Mechanical Engineering & Energy Studies, University College, Cardiff 1971 B.S., Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University Employment History July 1, 1999 to present, Purdue University Associate Director, Power Pool Development Group, Institute of Interdisciplinary Engineering Studies. Project management (Southern and West Africa – 28 countries); proposal preparation; power pool modeling; communication with funding agencies, utilities, government energy departments, and consulting consortia, presentation of results at conferences within the USA and in Africa. Supervision of administrative and graduate staff. 1998-1999 Purdue University, Visiting Assistant Professor, School of Technology (half-time). Teaching manufacturing processes, machine tools, (traditional & CNC), and measurement. Providing instruction in manufacturing and metrology laboratories. Supervision of technical and graduate staff.

1996-1999

Purdue University, Assistant Research Director, Institute for Interdisciplinary Engineering Studies. Project management and liaison between national electricity utilities in SAPP (Southern African Power Pool) and Purdue University researchers.

1993-1994

Manchester University and Manchester Metropolitan University, Lecturer

1990-1993 University of Zimbabwe, Mechanical engineering lecturer (British Government sponsorship) 1987-1990 Liverpool John Moore University, Manufacturing engineering lecturer in production management 1974-1986 University of Sierra Leone, Mechanical engineering lecturer, British Government sponsorship 1971-1973 University of Mauritius, Engineering lecturer, British International Voluntary Service 1964-1971 British Insulated Callenders Cables Ltd., BICC Helsby, England. Technical Officer and Junior Engineer

Recent Publications: F.T. Sparrow, Brian H. Bowen, Diakalia Sanogo, “Input & Output Parameters in the West Africa Power Pool Long-Term Model”, ECOWAS WAPP Project Implementation Committee Conference, Cotonou, Benin, September 17-21, 2001.

F.T.Sparrow, Brian H. Bowen, Diakalia Sanogo "The Long-Term International Transmission Grid of West Africa with Low and High Demand Electricity Growth Rates", ECOWAS Regional Modeling Workshop & Technical Working Group Committee Meeting, Bamako, Mali, June 4-8, 2001.

Brian H. Bowen, F.T. Sparrow, “The West Africa Power Pool and Optimal Long-Term Planning of International Transmission with a Free-Trade Electricity Policy”, ECOWAS Conference, Dakar, Senegal, March 20-22, 2001.

F.T. Sparrow, Brian H. Bowen, “Transferring the SAPP Electricity Planning Methodology to SAPP High Level Utility Planners”, SAPP Management Conference Consultations, Windhoek, Namibia, February 20-22, 2001.

Brian H. Bowen and F.T. Sparrow, “Regional Hydropower Policy and Capacity Expansion Modeling for the Countries of Southern Africa,” International Water Power & Dam Construction, February 2001.

Zuwei Yu, F.T. Sparrow, Brian H. Bowen, “Developing the Southern African Power Pool – Its Regional Electricity Trade Undergoes Modeling”, TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION, pp 58-68, February 2001.

Brian H. Bowen, “West Africa Power Pool and Preliminary Policy Analysis Results”, Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS, Energy Ministers Conference, Lome, Togo, September 23–25, 2000.

Brian H. Bowen, F.T. Sparrow, “Electricity Policy Analysis in Africa”, DOE sponsored, US-AFRICA Energy Ministers Conference, Tucson, AZ, December 3-5, 1999.

G. Speed with which start-up can be undertaken Start-up time should be relatively minimal as most of the necessary contacts and systems for this type of collaboration were established during the prior AIRD-Purdue activity under the WAPP. For example, in consultation with the ECOWAS Secretariat, AIRD will be able to begin project implementation through the setting of applicable dates for the different series of WAPP meetings during the first week of funded activity. Purdue University should be able to start its activities shortly after the signing of its sub-agreement with AIRD.