Technical advances and practices in Water treatment -Neha Thakur Roll no. 167

Introduction Water treatment is a process of making water suitable for

its application or returning its natural state.

Industrial-scale processes that make water more acceptable for an end-use, which may be drinking, industry, or medicine.

The treatment may include mechanical, physical, biological, and chemical methods.

Water treatment is an important industry requirement and comes under 4 main branches which include boiler water treatment, cooling water treatment, water purification and the treatment of wastewater effluent.

Difference between water treatment and Chemical water treatment

Water treatment:

Potable water production

from raw water

Wastewater treatment: Treatment of polluted

water, where the pollution could be from human waste, industry,

agricultural waste or other sources of

pollution.

The need and basic purpose of Water Treatment

•To produce water that1. Is Safe for human consumption2. Is Appealing to the consumer3. Can be obtained using facilities which can be constructed and operated at a reasonable cost

Factors considered at the treatment

process selection

•Quality of raw water•Use for the processed water•Treatment and quality desired•Size and capacity of the system•Cost of processes

The processPretreatment

Chemical coagulation

Rapid Mixing

Flocculation

Sedimentation

Filtration

Disinfection

Softening

Technical advances in Water treatment

1. Nanotechnology

Nanofiltration Ultrafiltration

Reverse Osmosis

Case study: Aquashakti water solution

Nanofiltration•Efficient purification and treatment•Employed in industries like the iron and metal industry and paper mills for partial softening and reduction of color and humus•Optimum separation and removing cysts, bacteria and viruses•Effective reduction of sulphate, chloride, and fluoride without use of regeneration chemicals

Ultrafiltration•Cost-effective water filtration solutions•Advanced membrane support•Optimized cartridge and rack design•Intelligent process controls•Allows handling variations in water quality and flow•Requires minimal operator intervention•Customization

Reverse Osmosis

•High performance•Low maintenance, energy efficiency and robust construction.•Latest HI-Tech technologies and component like as Membrane, Raw water pump, Pressure Gauge, Micron Filter, Pressure Tube, Flow meters, High Pressure Pump, Pressure Sand Filter, etc•Compact

2. Ozonation

1• Electric radiation discharge field as in

the CD-type ozone generators or by ultraviolet as in UV-type ozone generators

• Also made through electrolytic and chemical reactions.

2 • System includes passing dry, clean air through a high voltage electric discharge

3• In treating small quantities of waste,

the UV ozonators are the most common, while large-scale systems use either corona discharge or other bulk ozone-producing method.

4• The raw water is then passed through

a venturi throat which creates a vacuum and pulls the ozone gas into the water or the air is then bubbled up through the water being treated.

Case study: Biozone

Corporation (USA)• Designs, manufactures, and installs the finest ozone generator systems

• Each component interfaces harmoniously with the others to achieve the most cost effective and optimum performance.

• Assembled from high quality material, solid state electronics, and mechanical parts manufactured with consistently close tolerances

3. De- fluorination

Nalgonda Technique

Activated Alumina

Artificial Recharge Techniques

Aquifer Storage Recovery

Ion Exchange method

ConclusionNot treating wastewater before discharging it into waterways pollutes the source, the water intended for drinking is withdrawn from this same source and again not adequately treated, creating significant public health problems

According to India's Central Pollution Control Board, the country has an installed capacity to treat only about 30% of the household waste it generates – the rest is released into open drains or straight into the ground

If India can deploy adequate technology to treat water, it could significantly expand its water supply and better water means better public health and economic development

The world is not running out of water. The real challenge is to provide enough clean water to a rapidly growing global population.