team members: justin schlee brendin johnson jeff eggebraaten anne mousseau preliminary design review
Post on 19-Dec-2015
217 views
TRANSCRIPT
EVITeam Members:
Justin SchleeBrendin JohnsonJeff EggebraatenAnne Mousseau
Preliminary Design Review
2
Problem Statement, Specifications, and DeliverablesProject Learning
Vehicle to Grid (V2G)Variable Power RatesBattery ChargersMarketing Research
BudgetScheduleChallengesFuture Work
Outline
3
The demand for plug-in electric vehicles is increasing rapidly which may pose potential problems in terms of supplying required power to these electric vehicles’ batteries. Idaho Power wants to know what
issues the additional load of electric vehicles to the electric
grid might cause.
Problem Statement
4
Specifications1) Determine the Effects of Electric Vehicle Battery
Charging
2) Research Electric Vehicle Projected Market Population
Density
3) Determine the Power Characteristics of a Common
Electric Vehicle Battery Charger
4) Determine Mitigation Strategy for Power Quality
Issues
5
DeliverablesFinal Report
EV Power Quality Report
EV Market Research Report
EV Charging Report
Mitigation Strategy Report
Simulation Report
Case Study Simulations
6
Power Sellback – V2GBenefitsPeak ShavingLoad Regulation
ChallengesHarmonicsProtection TrippingSafety
7
Benefits:Peak Shaving
Electric vehicles could provide power during peak usage, thereby reducing the overall required capacity
Load RegulationElectric vehicles could be used throughout the
day to provide and consume power as necessary to compensate for regional fluctuations in power usage
8
Challenges:Harmonics
Inverters used in battery chargers to deliver power back to the grid will introduce harmonics
Protection TrippingHarmonics on the grid could cause voltage and
current spikes that may trip protection devices
SafetyPower being supplied by an electric vehicle could
continue to flow into a fault after all existing protective devices have tripped off-line
9
Direction of ProgressHarmonics:
Determine what the most common THD rating of EV chargers is likely to be in the near future
Determine what effects harmonic voltages will have on the power grid
Determine what effects power correction capacitor banks will have on harmonic voltages
Load Regulation:Determine how much total regulation will be available
at different market penetration levelsDetermine the value of EV regulation to utilities
10
Variable Power RatesPros of PSE’s Variable Rate Plan:
About 5% of total power usage was shifted to off-
peak hours
Overall electricity usage was reduced by 6%
An overall positive reaction from the customers for
the incentive to use energy more
efficiently
Source: Puget Sound Energy
11
Variable Power RatesCons of PSE’s Variable Rate Plan:
To break even customers would have needed to use
more than half their electricity during the lowest
rate hours.
This was an inconvenience for some families who
felt that the time-of-day plan was incompatible with
their lifestyle.
Source: Puget Sound Energy
Conductive Charger LevelsLevel 1ConveniencePlug into common wall outlet
1-Phase120 V AC, 15 A* AC1.44 kW (max)
Level 2Private/PublicRequires EV Supply equipment installation
1 Phase208-240 V AC, 30-60A AC14.4 kW (max)
Level 3Opportunity Requires commercial equipment installation
3 Phase208-600 V AC, 400 A AC240 kW (max)**
* Receptacle rating (maximum continuous current of 12 A).** Maximum allowed by standards
12Source: C.C Chan, K.T. Chau
Harmonic Effects of ChargingHarmonic Distortion
Excessive harmonics could damage large capacitive banks used for power factor correction
Harmonics could cause over-current, over-voltage and under-voltage protection devices to have false alarms or trip
As harmonic currents flow through the power transformer with a delta connection, the triplen harmonic component can circulate within the delta loop which could result in over heating
13Source: C.C Chan, K.T. Chau
14
Market ResearchWhy is market research needed?
To predict the future number of PHEV’s on the road.
15
Market ResearchGathered Information
National Numbers National Yearly Sales (Autodata) Projected PHEV new car sales (E.P.R.I.) Number of cars on the road per year (D.O.T.)
Regional Numbers Number of cars registered in Idaho (Idaho D.M.V) Number of cars registered in Ada county (Idaho D.M.V)
ResultsProjected number of PHEV’s in Idaho Projected number of PHEV’s in Ada county
16
Source: EPRI
Projected Plug-in Electric Vehicle Market Share
Share
of
New
Vehic
le S
ale
s
Year
17
Projected Number of PHEV in Ada County
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 20400
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
388.41854972802
6825.91971828837
35585.9529971167
83252.7266516132
130365.094258967
176243.814324969
222438.78019243
Year
Pro
ject
ed
Nu
mb
er
of
PH
EV
in
Ad
a C
ou
nty
18
Budget
19
Schedule
20
Anticipated ProblemsTime
Working in parallelDecomposition of Tasks
Cost of ReportsIEEE ExploreEnergy InsightsEPRI’s Free Reports
Learning Curve for Simulation SoftwareAdded Extra Time for LearningAssigned a Simulation Lead (Jeff)
21
Future WorkProject Learning
SynerGEE SoftwareSystem UpgradesPower Quality
SimulationsBase-Line Case StudyProjected Future LoadV2G StudyVariable Pricing StudyPower Quality/Mitigation Study
22
Questions?
23
Variable Power RatesCase Study: Puget Sound Energy’s Variable Rate
Plan in 2001 About 300,000 customers adopted the variable rate
plan Peak Hours: Monday - Saturday
6:00am – 10:00am : 6.35¢/kWh5:00pm – 9:oopm : 6.35¢/kW
Medium Rate Hours: Monday - Saturday10:00am – 5:00pm : 5.36 ¢/kW
Lowest Rate Hours: Monday - Saturday9:00pm – 6:00am : 4.7 ¢/kWSundays and holidays : 4.7 ¢/kW
24
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040Total Cars Registered (National) (1) 251,393,444 264,217,036 277,694,760 291,859,984 306,747,776 322,394,996 338,840,381New Car Sales (National) (2) 13,991,444 14,705,149 15,455,259 16,243,632 17,072,221 17,943,076 18,858,353New Car Sales Percent (National) 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57%Total Cars Registered (Idaho) (3) 1,642,530 1,726,315 1,814,374 1,906,926 2,004,198 2,106,432 2,213,882Total Cars Registered (Ada County) (3) 348,949 366,748 385,456 405,118 425,784 447,503 470,330New Car Sales Percent Estimated 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57% 5.57%Estimated New Car Sales (Idaho) 91,416 96,079 100,980 106,131 111,545 117,235 123,215Estimated New Car Sales (Ada County) 19,421 20,412 21,453 22,547 23,697 24,906 26,176Market Share Projections (4) 0.02 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.6Plug-in Projections (Idaho) 1,828 9,608 40,392 53,066 61,350 70,341 73,929Plug-in Projections (ADA County) 388 2041 8581 11274 13033 14944 15706PHEV Totals (Idaho) 1,828 32,130 167,506 391,877 613,639 829,594 1,047,038PHEV Totals (Ada) 388 6,826 35,586 83,253 130,365 176,244 222,439PHEV Density (Idaho) 0.001 0.019 0.092 0.206 0.306 0.394 0.473PHEV Density (Ada) 0.001 0.019 0.092 0.206 0.306 0.394 0.473
Sources(1) D.O.T(2) Autodata(3) Idaho DMV(2)EPRI Report
Market Research Calculations
25
Load RegulationPow
er
(KW
) or
Batt
ery
S
OC
(%
)
TimeSource: A. Brooks, T.GageIntegration of Electric Drive Vehicles with the Electric Power Grid -- a New Value Stream
Basic Charger Information According Hymotion division of A123Systems,
charging for the batteries they currently use to convert HV to PHEV charge in 5-5.5 hours with a current draw of 15 A at 120V.
26
Source: BatteryUniversity.com
27
Smart Grid Topology