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An Integrated Social Studies Seriesconnections

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Teacher,s Manual

(An imprint of New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.)New Delhi-110002 (INDIA)

(An imprint of New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.)

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First published 2017

ISBN: 978-93-00000-00-0

Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd.19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

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978-93-86307-18-7

Social Studies is the integrated study of the social sciences. Many academicians and curricula planners are of the view that teaching Social Studies in the elementary classes must be an essential part of the framework of an overall K-8 Social Studies program. The reason being that it is in the elementary school years, that the children develop a beginning sense of efficacy as participating citizens of their world. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary for informed participation in society require a systematically developed Social Studies program which must begin in the formative years. This is the premise on which we have based Connections—An Integrated Social Studies Series.

Children can also develop, within the context of Social Studies, positive attitudes toward knowledge and learning as well as develop a spirit of inquiry that will enhance their understanding of their world so that they will become rational, humane, participating and effective members of a democratic society.

If the young people of this nation are to become effective participants in a democratic society, then Social Studies must be an essential part of the curriculum in the early childhood/elementary years. In a world that demands independent and cooperative problem solving to address complex social, economic, ethical, and personal concerns, the Social Studies course is as basic for survival as reading, writing, and computing.

Preface

1. Our Universe 5 2. The Earth 7 3. Finding Places 9 4. Taking Care of the Earth 11 5. History 13 6. Prehistory—The Early People 16 7. Civilisations—A New Way Of Life 18 8. India: The Country We Live In 20 9. India—Cities, Towns and Villages 22 10. Capital of India: New Delhi 24 11. India: National Symbols 26 12. Why Do We Need Rules 28 13. India: Food & Clothes 30 14. Festivals of Inida 32 15. India: Cultural Heritage 34 16. Connecting People 36 Worksheet 1 39 Worksheet 2 40 Worksheet 3 42 Worksheet 4 44 Worksheet 5 45 Worksheet 6 46 Worksheet 7 47 Worksheet 8 48 Worksheet 9 50 Worksheet 10 52 Worksheet 11 54 Worksheet 12 55 Worksheet 13 56 Worksheet 14 57 Worksheet 15 58 Worksheet 16 59 Answers to the Worksheets 60 Model Test Paper-1 (Lessons 1-4) 73 Model Test Paper-2 (Lessons 5-8) 74 Model Test Paper-3 (Lessons 9-12) 75 Model Test Paper-4 (Lessons 13-16) 76

Contents

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Our Universe1

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to learn about the universe and the solar system. identify the planets. understand the movements of the planets.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Visual learners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence Interpersonalintelligence

Warm up Read out the warm up question to the students. Ask the students to do it in pairs. Encourage the students to share their responses. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Sun and Stars Initiate a class discussion on the day sky and night sky. If possible you may

show them some visuals too especially about different types of stars. Explain to the students all details about stars and the fact that sun is also

a star.

Universe Refer to the warm up section again and discuss the difference between looking at the sky with naked eye or with a telescope.

Introduce all the new terms to them. You may discuss about other galaxies too. With the help of the figure given on page 10 and other AV sources (if

available) explain the Big Bang Theory to the students.

Solar System Introduce the concept of the solar system to the class. Explain to them all the related terms and how they are connected.

Planets Talk to the class about various planets, their names, sizes and distance from the sun.

Satellites You may simultaneously draw a diagram on the board as you explain. Explain what satellites are with reference to moon as a satellite. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- Why don’t we see stars in the day time? Why does the sun appear big? What is a galaxy? Why do you think the Big Bang Theory got this name? What is an orbit? What makes the moon shine at night?

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Answers1. a. stars b. heat, light c. Milky Way d. celestial e. Moon2. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T3. a. galaxy b. Earth c. Sun d. planets e. Solar System4. a. solar system b. Akash Ganga c. wanderer d. Big Bang theory e. Uranus5. a. Planets are celestial bodies that revolve round the sun. The eight planets in the solar system

are Mercury, Venus, Mars, Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. b. The Universe was formed from an explosion of a very small particle. c. The Sun is also a star as it has its own heat and light. d. Our solar system is located in the galaxy called the Milky Way or Akash Ganga. e. Planets shine because they reflect the light of the Sun.

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The Earth2

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understand the shape and movement of the Earth. identifythecontinentsandoceans.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learnersVisual learnersVerballinguisticintelligenceLogicalintelligence

Warm up Ask the students to identify the picture given in the warm up section. Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up question. Encourage the students to share their responses and reasons behind the

response for blank number 2 and 3. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore The Earth our Home Initiate a class discussion on Earth as the only planet where life exists. If

possible you may show them some visuals too of the earth. You may also mention the developments related to mars (for

information only) Discuss the features that make earth a unique planet. You may keep writing

all features on the board in the form of a word web.

Shape of the Earth You may carry a globe to the class to help them understand the shape of the earth especially at the poles.

Blue Planet The activity will also help them see that percentage of water on the planet and relate with the fact that it is called the blue planet.

Atmosphere Introduce the term atmosphere to the class. Help them understand its importance. You may also ask them if they have

heard about the green house effect and tell them a little about it.

Continents Write the term CONTINENTS on the board and ask students to share whatever they know about them.

Show them the different continents either on the globe or through a map of the world displayed in the class.

Encourage the students who have travelled to other continents to share their experiences related to food, weather and culture.

You may then explain in short about all continents on the Earth.

Oceans Draw the attention of the students back to the map/globe and point out all five oceans.

They may even refer to the map on page 16.

Movement of the Earth Tell them the fact that the Earth keeps moving. Explain to them the two movements- Rotation and Revolution.

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You may take help of a video to explain both the movements and their effects or even explain through simple set ups.

You may simultaneously draw a diagram on the board and make them refer to the diagram on page 17.

Show them the axis of the earth through the globe kept on the table. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What makes Earth a unique planet? Which shape can best describe the Earth? What are the flat ends called? Which are the two most populous countries? In which continent are they? Which continent has only one country? What are oceans? What would happen if there was no movement of the Earth? What causes seasons?

Answers1. a. oceans b. atmosphere c. Europe d. orbit e. continents 2. a. F b. T c. F d. T e. T3. a. orange b. Africa c. North Pole d. South Pole e. atmosphere4. a. largest number of countries b. largest continent c. smallest continent d. frozen continent e. largest freshwater lake5. a. The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere. This layer protects the

Earth from being too cold or too hot. It helps in maintaining the right temperature. The atmosphere consists of many gases including oxygen and thus makes life possible on earth.

b. Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Antarctica are the seven continents of the world.

c. The shape of the Earth is bulging in the middle and flat at the top and bottom of the earth. d. Rotation is the spinning of the earth around the axis in the direction from west to east.

Revolution is the other movement in which our planet goes around the sun along a fixed path called the orbit.

e. The flat ends of the earth are named as the poles—the North Pole at the top and the South Pole at the bottom.

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Finding Places3

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understandtheimportanceofdirections. learnaboutthedifferentdirections. learnaboutmaps,sketch,plansandlandmarks.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Visual learners Kinaestheticlearners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence

Warm up Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up question. Encourage the students to share their responses to the questions given below

the map. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Finding our Way Revise the directions with the students. You may keep calling out directions

and ask two volunteers to demonstrate to the class, others may follow in pairs.

Sketch Explain to the class what a sketch is and what its use is. You may take help of the sketch provided to make them understand. You

may also encourage the students to share the directions that could be given to reach the house taking help of the signs given and the directions learnt.

Landmark Introduce the term landmarks to the class and discuss how important they are to locate a place.

Connect them to the symbols used by Karla’s mother. Ask the students to share some important landmarks near their houses.

Plan Help the students understand what is a plan taking help of the sample plan given on page 21.

Discuss why it is important to plnan first before beginning work on any building. You may ask them to discuss with their parents too how a plan helped them to

get the house constructed and share with the class the next day.

Maps Discuss with the class the four sub directions.

Directions With the help of the diagram on page 22, explain the concepts of sub directions. Explain to them what are maps and why are they required. Discuss the importance of an atlas. You may make them refer to an atlas to understand better. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What is a sketch? Are landmarks important? Why? Why is a plan made before constructing a building?

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What are the different directions? What is an atlas?

Answers1. a. sketch b. destination c. north, east, west and south d. atlas e. east2. a. T b. F c. T d. T e. T 3. a. sketch b. landmark c. compass d. plan e. maps4. a. The North Star is a star which can be seen in the northern direction at night whereas a

compass is a magnetic device which can be helpful in deciding the directions anytime of the day.

b. A map is a measured representation of an area on a flat piece of paper whereas an atlas is a book of maps.

5. a. Landmarks are important buildings and places which help us locate places close to them. b. Sketch is a rough drawing of a place. It is not exact in terms of measurement as compared

to a map. c. A compass is a magnetic device in which the needle always points to the north. d. Directions are instructions which help us locate places. The main directions are north, east,

west and south. The sub directions are north-east, north-west, south-east and south-west. e. A map helps us in many ways. It: • gives a small picture of a large place. • guides us to a place which we have not visited earlier. • helps calculate the distance between two places. • shows all the possible ways to reach a place. • provides information about distances, heights, mountains, rivers, and destinations. • gives us extra information on crops, weather reports, direction of wind and rainfall too.

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Taking Care of the Earth4

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to define environment. understand the causes of pollution and remedies for

reducingpollution. understandtheimportanceofrecycling.


Warm up You may organise a Group Discussion on the question given in the warm

up section. You may divide the class into groups and allow them five minutes to discuss

amongst themselves and then share with the class their views giving reasons for the same.

Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Our Environment Explain the terms environment and pollution to the class. Discuss in general how pollution is causing great harm to all. Make them understand the importance of protecting the environment.

Air Explain to the class what is atmosphere and how important it is for survival of life.

You may take help various examples from the surroundings to make students understand the term air pollution and its after effects.

Introduce and explain the term deforestation to the students.

Water Introduce the terms water pollution and land pollution to the students.

Land Explain to them the various activities that lead to both kinds of pollutions and their affects on our life

The Three R’s Discuss various ways through which pollution can be reduced. Explain the three R’s to the students with the help of examples.

Recycling Paper Help the students understand how paper is recycled taking help of the flowchart given on page 28.

You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension-

What is environment? What is pollution? Which gas is essential for life? What causes air, water and land pollution? How can wastage of paper be avoided? Why should things be recycled?

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Answers1. a. oxygen b. carbon dioxide c. Fumes d. Fresh e. pollution2. a. T b. F c. T d. T e. F3. a. creating new products out of old ones b. reduces pollution c. factories d. reduce waste e. fertilisers and pesticides4. a. Forests are very important as trees supply oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide which is important

for survival on earth. They also keep the air clean. Trees also help in bringing rainfall. b. The most important among these gases is the oxygen that we breathe in. Oxygen is essential

for life. c. When we pollute the environment, it gets disturbed and harmful for living beings. d. When harmful gases, fumes and smoke are released into the air, they cause air pollution.

This polluted air is harmful for humans, animals, birds and plants. Two ways to reduce air pollution are:

• avoid fireworks • carpooling e. Water pollution is caused by: • oil leaks. • washing clothes in or near rivers. • animals being washed in ponds and lakes. • factories which dump dirty water into water bodies. • Water pollution can be reduced by using natural fertilisers and throwing the garbage

into the bins and not in the rivers. 5. 1. POLLUTION 2. OXYGEN 3. RECYCLING 4. DEFORESTATION 5. TREES 6. ENVIRONMENT

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History5

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to know what makes history. understandthesourcesofhistory. learnandapplytheconceptoftimelines.


Warm up Write the name of the chapter on the board and ask the students to speak

whatever comes to their mind on reading it. You may keep writing the responses on the board in the form of a word web. Allow some time to the students to complete the warm up section. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Knowing our past Help the students relate with the terms past and present taking help of

examples from the surroundings for the students to relate better. You may divide the board into two parts PAST and TODAY. Encourage

students to share examples for both categories and keep writing on the board.

What is History? Explain to the class the term history. You may also talk about some kings and queens of the past and their lifestyles. If possible show them some visuals too.

Sources of History Discuss the various sources of history. Help them understand with the help of pictures given in the book.

Explain the terms historians and archaeologists to the students.

Timelines Introduce the term timelines to the students and explain with the help of example given in the book.

You may also invite students and together create more timelines for better understanding.

BCE and CE Make the students understand the importance of sequencing. Explain the concept of BCE and CE simultaneously to the students.

Meet the Archaeologist With the help of the flow chart given on page 35, explain the work an archaeologist does to the students.

Archaeology is a process Explain the process with the help of the given flowchart to the students. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What is history? What are manuscripts? Who are archaeologists? What is a timeline? Where did the system of counting come from? What is excavation?

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Answers1. a. i. what, where, when b. ii. historians c. i. Europe d. i. sequencing e. ii. sources of history 2. a. Timeline is a scale or a tool that puts all the dates of events that took place in a line in the

right order. b. History is a story or study about the past. It tells us many things about how people lived a

long time ago. c. Archaeologists dig the ground in search of coins, utensils and more in order to find about

things of the past. d. The years after his birth start from 1 and have CE written after them. CE stands for

Common Era. e. The years before the birth of Jesus Christ are counted backwards from 1 and have BCE

written after them. BCE stands for Before Common Era.3. a. d. e. 4. a. HISTORY b. MANUSCRIPT c. COMMON ERA d. JESUS CHRIST e. TIMELINE

M A N U S C R I P T B

A R C A W N S R T C Q

G Y H I F T L Q Y O H

N T I M E L I N E I I

M O I Y R T O A D N S

J E S U S C H R I S T

O S T O P I E R X N O

C O M M O N E R A E R

U G Z L H D Y W S D Y

5. a. History is a story or study about the past. It tells us many things about how people lived a long time ago. It gives us information about what they ate, where they lived and what they wore. History also tells us about important events which took place in the past. We come to know about the tools, utensils and weapons used by humans and their pastimes. Our knowledge of kings, queens, rulers, inventions, different countries, languages, music, dance and many other things is based on history.

b. An archaeologist is the one who digs the ground in search of coins, utensils and more in order to find about things of the past.

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c. The system of counting came from Europe. The birth of Jesus Christ marks the beginning of the calendar. The years after his birth start from 1 and have CE written after them. CE stands for Common Era. The years before the birth of Jesus Christ are counted backwards from 1 and have BCE written after them. BCE stands for Before Common Era.

d. Timeline is a scale or a tool that puts all the dates of events that took place in a line in the right order. Timelines tell us three things about an event—what, where and when. The dates are placed in the order from the earliest to the latest.

e. The things that help us know about the past are known as the sources of history. These sources include weapons, paintings, utensils, old coins, stamps, stones, the remains of old buildings and books. Old papers and documents called manuscripts are also important sources of history.

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Prehistory—The Early People6

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understand who the early people were. know the habitats of the early people. know about the discovery of fire and the invention of

the wheel.


Warm up Ask the students to get into pairs and prepare their description of the visual. Allow some time to the students to complete it. Encourage the students to share their descriptions. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Birth of early humans Explain to the students how apes developed into humans. Introduce and explain the term upright humans to the students.

Early People Talk about hominids and the ways they led their lives in the early years. Draw out a comparison between then and now to help students

understand better.

Their food Explain the hunter-gatherer concept and why it was followed then. Relate the concept to the food habits of the early men.

Their tools Explain to the students how the requirement of tools emerged at that time and how did they find a solution to it.

If possible show them some pictures of spears.

Communication Tell the students about how they communicated with one another. Help them understand how difficult it might have been then.

Discovering fire Discuss how fire was discovered accidentally and how was it helpful to them.

From hunter-gatherers Explain the phase of transition of the early men.to farmers Also discuss the changes this brought about in their lives. Discuss other occupations that emerged.

Invention of the wheel Discuss the need of the invention of a wheel. Also explain how it helped the early men and changed their lives. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the

comprehension- What made the apes undergo changes? Who were hominids? Why did the early men eat raw flesh? How was fire discovered? What did the early men do in their free time?

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Answers1. a. dog b. sharp edged stones c. sign language d. wheat e. hominids2. a. caves b. fruits, stems c. hunted d. bare hands e. fire3.

Early People Modern people

Clothes animal skins clothes

Houses caves house

Fire striking stones gas stoves

Food raw food cooked food

4. a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T5. a. The early humans are called hominids. They lived in jungles and caves. They wore the

skins of animals and leaves of trees to cover their bodies. They learnt how to use tools for hunting.

b. The early people could not kill large animals with bare hands. So, they realised the need for tools for hunting. They began using sharp-edged stones and pieces of wood for hunting. They felt the need of a weapon which could be thrown at the animal without getting close to it. Some tools were made from long pieces of wood and a stone attached to it. This led to the invention of the spear.

c. The early people were hunters-gatherers. They moved from place to place, plucked berries, nuts, fruits and stems and ate them as they did not know how to grow food. They hunted animals and ate raw flesh as they did not know about fire or cooking. They drank water from streams and rivers.

d. The early humans learnt to grow their own food as they noticed plants growing in the wild. They observed that fallen seeds grew into new plants. So, early men learnt how to farm by scattering seeds on soft earth. Along with farming, the early people also started taming useful animals. They used animals to get food as well as for farming. In their free time, people would make pots out of clay, dry them in the sun and use them for storage. The first animal to be domesticated was the dog.

e. The early people discovered fire when they struck two stones together. They learnt how to cook raw food with the help of fire. Fire also kept them warm and kept the wild animals away.

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Civilisations—A New Way Of Life7

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understandwhatisacivilisation. learn about the Bronze Age and the various. civilisationsthatflourishedduringthistime.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence Interpersonalintelligence Intrapersonalintelligence

Warm up Ask the students to discuss the situation given in the warm up section and

attempt in pairs. Encourage the students to share their responses with the class. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Settling Down With reference to the pictures in the Let’s Explore section, initiate a class

discussion on what is meant by settling down, why the villages settle near the rivers and how did civilisations develop around the cities and towns.

A New Way of Life Explain what is meant by civilisation.

Development of writing Make the students understand the importance of written language.

The Bronze Age Discuss about the Bronze Age and the four distinct civilisations that grew during the age.

Discuss about the common features of the Bronze Age civilisation like religion, trade, art and craft, language and writing, people and occupations, buildings, planned cities, farming and agriculture and the government.

You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What were the activities that the people took up when they had settled

in villages? What did the villagers do with the extra goods that they had? What are some features of a civilisation? Why was writing developed? Which metal was used instead of stone, to make tools and weapons? Which four civilisations were known as Bronze Age civilisation? Why did they start worshipping? What work of craft flourished during Bronze Age? What kind of communication took place in Egypt and Mesopotamia? What was the prime occupation of the people? What kinds of buildings were constructed during this age?

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Answers1. a. bronze b. records c. rivers d. Language, writing e. goods 2. a. Nile b. Huang He c. Indus d. Tigris 3. a. HIEROGLYPH b. CUNEIFORM c. EXCHANGE d. CIVILISATION e. BRONZE4. a. The early people began to grow crops and settle down near their fields. They formed groups

and settled in villages. Most of these villages grew near rivers. Now, they had spare time to take up other activities such as pottery, weaving, animal rearing and carpentry. With time, the villages grew bigger and developed into towns and cities. They started growing and making more than what they needed. They began to exchange these extra goods with other villages. The people had time to think of new ideas. Very soon civilisations developed around these cities and towns.

b. A civilisation means people living in a planned and settled life. Cities, language and writing, planning, trade, art and craft are some features of a civilisation.

c. Most of the early civilisations grew near rivers because the soil near the rivers was very fertile. The rivers could also be used for travel.

d. The people of the early civilisations used bronze, a metal, instead of stone to make tools and weapons. These civilisations are, therefore, known as the Bronze Age civilisations. There are four Bronze Age civilisations:

• Harappan Civilisation near the rivers Indus and Ravi • Chinese Civilisation near the Huang He. • Egyptian Civilisation near river Nile. • Mesopotamian Civilisation near rivers Tigris and Euphrates e. Three common features of the Bronze Age civilisations are: • Religion: They believed in the forces of nature and worshipped them. Some worshipped

Nature God and while others, animals. Some even believed that after death, people had an afterlife.

• Trade: The first cities that came up in the Bronze Age Civilisations were located on the banks of the rivers. Along with agriculture, these settlements also had good relations with neighbouring areas.

• Art and Craft: Pottery, brickwork and metal work flourished throughout these civilisations.

5. CHINESE CIVILISATION

HARAPPAN CIVILISATION

MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILISATION

EGYPTIAN CIVILISATION

River Nile

River Tigris River IndusRiver Hwang He

River Euphrates

*Not

to sc

ale

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India: The Country We Live In8

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understandthephysicaldivisionsofIndia. understandthepoliticaldivisionsofIndia.


Warm up Ask the students to study the names of languages in the warm up section. Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up question. Encourage the students to share their responses with the class. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore About India With reference to the names of languages given in the warm up section,

initiate a class discussion on our country India. Explain the physical features and the geographical divisions. Talk in detail

about the landforms. The teacher may also talk about the Physical map of India.

India and Oceans With reference to the map given on page 55, talk to the students about the various water bodies surrounding India.

Also talk about a peninsula and how the southern part of India is considered to be a peninsula.

States and Union Territories The teacher may ask the students to name some of the States or Union Territories they know. These may be written on board.

The teacher may then explain to the class India is divided into 29 states and 7 Union Territories.

The teacher may also explain the reason behind the division done. The teacher may also talk about the Political map of India.

Neighbours Of India Discuss the term neighbours by taking examples of the students and their neighbours. Discuss about the importance of having neighbours. Discuss the names of the countries with which India shares its borders.

Diversity Initiate a class discussion on the food, clothes, language and religions followed in India.

Help them understand the importance of being different yet close to each other. Introduce the term ’Diversity’ and give examples of Unity in Diversity.

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States and Union Territories The teacher may give some time to the students to memorise the states and their capitals and conduct a quiz. This can also be done with Union Territories.

Keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What do we name a map which shows the physical divisions of India? What are the six geographical divisions in India? How many oceans and seas surround India? Name them. What is a peninsula? How many States and Union Territories is India divided into? Which map shows the political division of India? Who are India’s neighbours? Why is India known as a land of diversities?

Answers1. a. physical b. Asia c. 29, 7 d. state e. capital2. a. ii. Asia b. i. physical map c. iii. Bay of Bengal d. ii. Afghanistan e. i. Himalayas3. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T 4.

India

North

East

South

West

Nepal

Myanmar, Bangladesh, China

Sri Lanka

Pakistan, Afghanistan

Direction Country

5. a. India is a vast country situated in the continent of Asia. The Himalayas form a natural boundary separating India from most of the continent of Asia. The Indian peninsula is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the west, the Bay of Bengal on the east and the Indian Ocean in the south.

b. The surface of land varies from region to region across India. It has high mountains, deserts, vast plains and thick forests. It also has many rivers and a long coastline. These landforms in India are classified under geographical or physical divisions.

c. India is divided into smaller areas known as states and union territories. There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India. The divisions into states and union territories are called political divisions.

d. Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean are the water bodies that surround India. e. India is a big country with varied features. Different places have different weather and climate.

This affects the way of life. It also affects the food habits, clothes and houses the people live in. The language and religion also varies. But we are all Indians and we are part of one big family. Therefore, our country is rightly said to be a great example of unity in diversity.

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India—Cities, Towns and Villages9

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to learnaboutthelifeinthevillages,townsandcitiesofIndia. learnthedifferencesbetweenthecitiesandvillages.


Warm up Ask the students to study the pictures given in the warm up section. Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up question. Encourage the students to share their responses behind what they see and

decipher from the pictures. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Indian Cities, Towns With reference to the pictures in the warm up section, initiate a class

discussion on what differentiates a village from a town or a city. Explain India’s importance as an agricultural country. Discuss the new terms like ‘agricultural country, animal husbandry and allied

occupations’.

Villages Discuss about the importance of villages. Ask about the functioning of a Panchayat and role of a Sarpanch. The importance of villages may be explained to the students. The teacher

may also deal in detail, the life led by a farmer and the hard work put in to grow crops.

Towns Discuss about the difference between a town and a village. Introduce the terms like Municipal Committee, Municipal Councillors and

Chairperson and explain their meanings.

Cities Discuss about the difference between a town and a city. Introduce the terms like Municipal Corporation and a Mayor and explain

their importance. Discuss the functions of Panchayat as well as the Function of Municipality. The teacher may ask the students to frame some rules for the class which

everybody would follow and which would help in maintaining the cleanliness and discipline of the class.

Help them understand the importance and responsibility of living in a village, town or city.

The teacher may also discuss ways in which they may contribute in their own little ways to keep their city/town clean.

You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- How is a village different from a town or a city?

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Who is a Sarpanch? Who is a Mayor? What role does Municipality play? Why are villages an important part of the country? How has government tried to help the farmers?

Answers1. a. Mayor b. Panchayat c. municipal committee d. resolve disputes e. councillors 2. a. municipal corporation. b. panchayat. c. Electricity d. animal husbandry. e. agriculture3. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. F4. a. Electricity has reached many villages. Farmers use tractors on their fields. There is electricity

for the tube wells. The government gives them special facilities such as good, seeds and manure. Most villages have schools, pucca roads and phones. People in villages are also involved in allied occupations such as animal husbandry which involves keeping animals such as cows, goats, hens and ducks. They sell animals and their products like milk, eggs, etc., and earn a living, while others are shopkeepers, potters, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, etc. Pucca roads have connected the villages to the towns and cities. People have television, mobile phones, tractors and they are also using modern methods of farming.

b. The cities have houses, buildings, markets, buses, banks, hospitals, schools, etc. Towns and villages also have most of these things but only on a smaller scale.

c. Its basic function is to look after facilities like water supply, drainage, garbage disposal, health, primary education, public buildings and roads. Cities like Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai along with our national capital, New Delhi are metro cities and they are run by Municipal Corporations.

d. The Panchayat looks after the village. It has been there since olden times. The Sarpanch (head of panchayat), along with the members of the panchayat, resolve conflicts between people. Every panchayat must have at least one woman member. Nowadays, it also looks after building roads, setting up schools and healthcare centres for the people.

e. People in villages are also involved in allied occupations such as animal husbandry which involves keeping animals such as cows, goats, hens and ducks. They sell animals and their products like milk, eggs, etc.

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Capital Of India: New Delhi10

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to knowaboutthenationalcapital. understandtheweather,cultureandplacesofinterest.


Warm up Ask the students to read the sentences given in the warm up section. Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up questions. Encourage the students to share their responses with the class. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Capital of India With reference to the questions in the warm up section, initiate a class

discussion on New Delhi. Let the students talk about New Delhi and what they know about it. Help them locate New Delhi in the map of India.

History and Culture The phrase ‘history and culture’ can be written on the board and students may be asked to talk about it.

The answers may be written on the board.

Life of the people Discuss about the life style of people of New Delhi. Introduce the term ‘metropolitan’ and explain its meaning. The teacher may talk about the various festivals celebrated in New Delhi. The metro rail may also be discussed with students asking some of them to

describe the rail if they have been on it.

Delhi-an important place Explain the term Government to the students and ask them to share whatever they know about it.

Introduce the terms like Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha to the students and discuss in brief.

Ask the students, the names of the Prime minister, the President and the Chief Minister of their state.

The teacher may explain to the class about the Rashtrapati Bhawan and the Parliament house and the people residing there.

Also ask the students to share information that they have about the city.

Weather The teacher may ask the students if they have visited Delhi and know what climate prevails there.

The teacher may discuss with the class the difference in weather of their state and New Delhi.

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Places to visit in New Delhi The teacher may ask students to name a few historical places that they have seen when they visited New Delhi.

The answers may be written on the green board. The teacher may then talk about all the places given on page 70 and make

students understand their importance. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the

comprehension- Which is the capital of India? What are metropolitan cities? Why is Delhi an important city of India? Name the head of the governing body of the country. What is the role of central government? Which two houses of the parliament makes laws for the country? Who is the first citizen of the country?

Answers1. a. 1947 b. metro c. metropolitan d. President e. Qutab Minar 2. a. Humayun’s Tomb b. The Old Fort c. The India Gate d. ambassadors e. Jantar Mantar3. a. MONSOON b. PARLIAMENT c. HARYANA d. METROPOLITAN e. LOK SABHA4. a. iii. Agra b. i. Haryana and Uttar Pradesh c. iii. Yamuna d. ii. Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh e. iii. Metro5. a. Delhi is located on the banks of the river Yamuna. It shares its borders with two states―

Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. b. New Delhi is a metropolitan city. People belonging to different parts of India have settled

down here. They have all contributed to the culture and language. Food habits and the way of life of people city make Delhi a very interesting place. People come from different parts of India in search of work or to study. All important festivals are celebrated here.

c. New Delhi became the capital of India in 1947. It has always played an important role in the history of India. Many people from outside came to settle here. These people brought with them diverse cultures, customs, language, art and ideas. These included the Mughals and the British.

d. A huge network of the metro rail connects parts of Delhi helping people travel from one place to another.

e. Delhi has extremely hot summers and cold winters. The monsoon season in July and August brings rain that makes the city look green and beautiful. December and January are the coldest months.

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India: National Symbols11

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understandtheimportanceofthenationalsymbols. learn about the different national symbols.


Warm up Ask the students to read the question given in the warm up section. Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up question. Encourage the students to share their thoughts with their partners and come

to a conclusion. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Symbols With reference to the warm up question, the teacher may ask the students as

to why have they chosen a certain symbol/logo. The teacher may then connect the symbol to the importance it stands for. Explain the meaning of ‘symbols’ to the students. Also explain the importance of national symbols.

National Anthem The teacher may ask students if they know what the national anthem of India is.

The teacher may then talk about its writer and other important facts.

National Flag The teacher may show the clippings of a number of flags of different countries and ask the students to identify their Indian flag.

The teacher may then explain to the class about the importance of colours and the chakra in the middle.

The rules while hoisting the national flag may also be dealt in detail by the teacher.

National Emblem Help the students understand the importance of the national emblem, its origin and the importance of each symbol in it.

Discuss the term ‘Satyamev Jayate’ to the students.

National Song Explain the meaning of the national song to the students. Discuss about the writer too.

National Animal & Bird Discuss about the national animal and bird. The teacher may also discuss about the protection policy of government for

these animals. Discuss about the national aquatic animal, dolphin also.

National Fruit and Flower Discuss about the national fruit and flower. Explain the importance of both.

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You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What are symbols? Why are symbols important? How many national symbols do we have? Which is our National song? What is engraved on the national emblem? What is the shape of our National flag?

Answers1. a. tricolour b. 24 c. Ashoka pillar. d. beauty, pride e. sacred2. a. Tiger. b. CHAKRA c. River Dolphin d. national emblem e. Vande Mataram3. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. F4. a. It is rectangular in shape and is divided into three equal bands of different colours. b. Our national bird is the peacock. It symbolises beauty and pride. To see a peacock dance

when it rains is a beautiful sight. This bird is also protected by the government. c. Our national flower is the lotus. It symbolises purity and dignity. Though it grows in

muddy water, it is still clean and beautiful. It is considered to be a sacred flower. d. Our national fruit is the mango. More than half of the total mangoes produced in the world

are from India. e. The national emblem has four lions standing on a platform with their backs towards each

other. On the platform, we find a lion, an elephant, a galloping horse and a bull. The words Satyamev Jayate meaning ‘truth alone triumphs’ are carved below the platform.

5. a. The national symbols unite millions of Indians. They generate in the hearts of the people love for their country. We should all be proud of these symbols and respect them. The National Flag, the National Anthem and the National Emblem are of prime importance as these are symbols of India’s identity.

b. Our national flag or the tricolour is a symbol of unity and freedom. It is rectangular in shape and is divided into three equal bands of different colours. The band at the top is saffron in colour and stands for courage and sacrifice. The band in the middle is white in colour and stands for peace and truth. The band at the bottom is green in colour and stands for prosperity. At the centre of the white band is a navy blue chakra with 24 spokes. This chakra is the symbol of dharma or justice and represents growth.

c. The National Anthem of a country is a song that the people of that country sing to show their love and respect for their nation. The national anthem of our country is Jana Gana Mana. It is sung on national festivals like Independence Day, Republic day and other important functions.

d. The national emblem has four lions standing on a platform with their backs towards each other. On the platform, we find a lion, an elephant, a galloping horse and a bull. The words Satyamev Jayate meaning ‘truth alone triumphs’ are carved below the platform.

e. The national symbols unite millions of Indians. They generate in the hearts of the people love for their country. They make us proud and respect our country as these are the symbols of India’s identity.

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Why Do We Need Rules12

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understandtheimportanceofrules. define a government. understandtheimportanceofthegovernment


Warm up Ask the students to study the pictures given in the warm up section. Ask the students to individually attempt the warm up question. Encourage the students to share their responses behind what they see and

decipher from the pictures. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Follow rules With reference to the pictures in the warm up section, initiate a class

discussion on what rules are, why they are important & what could be the consequences of not following them.

Explain why rules are important.

Rules at home The phrase ‘rules at home’ can be written on the board and answers may be sought from the class. These can be written and some rules may be discussed with the consequences of not following them.

Rules in school The teacher may ask the students to name some rules that they must follow in class. These may be written on board.

The teacher may explain to the class that these ‘ground rules‘ are important to maintain discipline in the class and consequently in the school.

Rules for the country Introduce the terms citizen, Constitution to the class and explain their meaning. Help them understand the importance and responsibility of being the citizen

of a country.

Government and Democracy Explain the term Government to the students and ask them to share whatever they know about it.

Explain the term ‘Democracy’ to them. You may then explain in short about the Central, State and Local Governments.

Our Fundamental duties The fundamental duties may be explained to the students in detail. The teacher may also discuss ways in which they may contribute in their own

little ways to become better citizens and help in the development of the country. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What do you mean by the term ‘Government’? What do you mean by the term ‘Democracy’? At what three levels is the government run in the country? Why are rules made in school?

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Answers1. a. sensible b. Leaders c. Law d. rights e. Indians2. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T3. a. A group of people who make or frame laws and manage a country is known as a government. b. The government makes certain laws to manage a country. The government also takes care

that every citizen follows the laws. The government is made of leaders who are elected by the citizens of India.

c. India, being a democracy, has a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The people in India choose their own leaders who form the government and run the country.

d. India’s huge population lives in villages, towns and cities. Therefore, the country is run at three levels―the central government, the state government and the local self-government.

e. When people break a law, they have to pay a fine. They can even be imprisoned or jailed. Their rights can be taken away.

4. a. rule book of the country b. government by the people c. elect leaders d. keep us safe e. makes laws5. a. A group of people who make or frame laws and manage a country is known as a government. b. India, being a democracy, has a government of the people, by the people and for the people. c. The Constitution of India is a book which contains all the laws of our country. It came into

force on 26 January 1950. d. Someone who lives in a particular town or city is known as a citizen. e. As citizens of India, we need to follow rules to live in our country. The rules of a country

are called laws.

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India: Food & Clothes13

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to define diversity. learn about the different types of food and food habits

in India. learn about traditional dresses.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Visual learners Kinaestheticlearners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence Interpersonalintelligence

Warm up The teacher may begin by asking the favourite food of the students and

asking the reason for it. She may then relate it to the various popular foods of different states

explaining that the exquisite taste and choice of people makes it popular. She may then encourage the students to attempt the warm up section in pairs

and discuss in the class. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Diversity in India Explain the term ‘diversity’ to the students and mention to them about the

diverse cultures in India.

Food in India The teacher may connect the discussion to the warm up section and discuss about the various food cultures of different states and why it is prevalent there.

The teacher may also discuss about the various sweets typical to a place. She may also discuss briefly about the spices produced in India and their use

in Indian food.

Food and fruits everywhere The teacher may discuss about how the food of one place becomes popular in others. She may also encourage students who have been to other states as well to share

their experiences of food of that state. She may also ask them what difference in eating habits did they notice.

Clothing The teacher may discuss about how the food of one place becomes popular in others.

Traditional Clothes The teacher may show a visual of clothes worn in different states by men and women. She may then discuss in detail about the visuals and explain the text. The teacher may also organize a traditional dress show where students will

wear clothes depicting various states. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- What is the main food of the people of a place called? What is the famous food of Punjab? Name a popular sweet of the winter season. Which place is famous for oranges? Which place is famous for grapes? What do the women of Gujarat wear?

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Answers1. a. cereals b. diversity c. staple d. dhoti e. makki ki roti, sarson ka saag, milk products2. a. coconut b. gajar ka halwa c. Mekhla Chador d. Mundu e. Dastar3. a. i. bajra, maize and jowar b. iii. oranges c. ii. climate d. ii. South India e. iii. milk products4. a. A typical Gujarati cuisine consists of dhokla, thepla, roti, dal and vegetables. b. People in the coastal areas like that of Kerala eat rice and use coconut in many dishes. The

favourite items of people in the southern states are idli, dosa, sambhar, rasam and payasam. c. People in the state of Rajasthan mainly eat bajra, maize and jowar. They also use jaggery. d. In states such as West Bengal people mainly eat rice. They also love to eat fish. e. Goa is known for coconuts. They love to eat seafood. 5. a. India has different kinds of landforms, physical features and weather. These differences

affect the daily life, especially the food habits and clothing of the people. This varied culture across the states makes India a land of diversity.

b. Kheer, halwa, pedas and rasgullas are some popular sweets eaten by people across the country. Gaajar ka halwa is a popular sweet of the winter season.

c. Spices add taste to the Indian food. d. Weddings and festivals are special occasions when people dress up. e. The seven sisters of Northeast India—Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura,

Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh—each have their own colourful, traditional attire, which is very different from the clothes usually worn by women in the rest of India. Women generally wear skirts, dresses, half-saris and shawls, sarongs.

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Festivals of India14

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to learn about various festivals. understandtheimportanceoffestivals.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Visual learners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence Interpersonalintelligence Intrapersonalintelligence

Warm up The teacher may ask the students to do the warm up section individually. She

may then ask them to share their writings with their partners. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Festivals of India The teacher may write the word ‘FESTIVALS’ on the board and ask students

to name them. The answers sought may be written on the board to form a word web. The teacher may then categorise them as religious, national and harvest

festivals and explain these terms to the class.

Religious Festivals Connecting to the warm up exercise, the teacher may initiate a discussion on the various religious festivals. The discussion may include- the time of the year when they are celebrated, the story behind them, the clothes worn and the food eaten.

The visuals of the celebration of these festivals may be shown to the class.

Harvest Festivals The teacher may explain about the harvest festivals of different regions. She may connect them to the type of crops and the season in which they

are grown. The special features of these festivals may also be discussed. You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension- Explain the terms national, religious and harvest festivals. Which is the festival of colours and what does it mark? How is Eid-ul-fitr celebrated? When is Dahi-Handi organized? What is the other name for the Parsi new year? Which God is worshipped during Pongal? What is popular about Onam?

Answers1. a. i. Navratri b. iii. Dussehra c. iii. winter d. ii. Gurupurab e. ii. Parsis

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2. a. Lord Saraswati b. boat race c. Sewain d. Baisakhi e. Santa Claus 3. a. Pongal b. Holi c. Bhangra d. Good Friday e. Navratri4. a. The harvest festivals marks the coming of the harvesting season. Pongal is the harvest

festival of Tamil Nadu. In this festival, the Sun God is worshipped and rice dishes are prepared. This festival is celebrated at the same time as Makar Sankranti and Lohri in North India and Bihu in Assam.

b. Christians also observe the day when Jesus Christ is believed to have been crucified as Good Friday. They celebrate Easter when he is believed to have returned to life.

c. Gurupurab marks the birth of the Sikh gurus. The birthdays of Guru Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh and Guru Tegh Bahadur are celebrated all over the country. People offer prayers in gurudwara and langar are also organised.

d. Basant Panchmi is celebrated to worship Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of learning. In the north-east, girls wear yellow saris and dance and sing to celebrate the onset of spring. Palash, red coloured flowers, blossom at this time.

e. Eid-ul-Fitr marks the end of the holy month of Ramzan when Muslims fast every day from sunrise to sunset. After 30 days of fasting, people celebrate Eid-ul-Fitr. They wear new clothes and offer prayers (namaz) at mosques. People eat a special dessert—sewain—which is made of milk, vermicelli and jaggery. Elders give money as idi to the children in their families.

5. a. India is a land of diversity. Millions of people live in India. They speak different languages, follow different religions and live in different regions. So we get to experience and enjoy different festivals. Some festivals celebrate the togetherness of India and are known as national festivals, while some festivals that celebrate different religions, gods, goddesses and prophets are called religious festivals. Some festivals celebrate a good crop and are known as harvest festivals. All these festivals bring people together and create a bond among them.

b. Gurupurab marks the birth of the Sikh gurus. The birthdays of Guru Nanak, Guru Gobind Singh and Guru Tegh Bahadur are celebrated all over the country. People offer prayers in gurudwara and langar are also organised.

c. In West Bengal, it is celebrated as Durga Puja. Ramleela, depicting the life of Lord Ram, is staged during this festival.

d. • Pongal is the harvest festival of Tamil Nadu. In this festival, the Sun God is worshipped and rice dishes are prepared. This festival is celebrated at the same time as Makar Sankranti and Lohri in North India and Bihu in Assam.

• The harvest festival of Kerala is Onam. It is known for its snake boat races also called Vallamkalli in Malayalam.

• The people of Punjab celebrate Baisakhi as their harvest festival. People dance to the beat of dhol and perform bhangra.

e. Janamashtami marks the birthday of Krishna. Dahi-Handi is organised in various localities.

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India: Cultural Heritage15

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to understandculturalheritage. recognisethevariousformsofmusic,dance,artandcrafts

of India.

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Visual learners Kinaestheticlearners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence Interpersonalintelligence Intrapersonalintelligence

Warm up The teacher may ask the students to attempt the warm up section individually. The teacher may ask some students to share their points with the class. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Our Cultural Heritage The teacher may introduce the chapter by showing a visual on the cultural

heritage of India. Explain the term ‘cultural heritage’ to the students and discuss what the

visual shows. The teacher may also mention that the term heritage also implies to

historical monuments.

Music The teacher may explain the various kinds of music that are prevalent right since ancient times to the present.

She may also show some audio/visuals related to the topic to make it more interesting and to inculcate better understanding.

The teacher may also ask students to sing some classical/folk/pop/music in the class.

The teacher may also show the students some musical instruments available in the school. Visuals will also suffice.

Dance The teacher may explain the various kinds of dance forms. She may also initiate a discussion on the popular dances of various states. Visuals related to the may also be shown.

Languages The teacher may mention some languages spoken in different parts of the country.

She may also ask some students who know any other language to speak some sentences in front of the class.

Art & Craft/ Paintings/ The teacher may bring/ask the students to bring famous art & craft work of More Art & Culture various states and display in the class. Students should also be encouraged to visit handicraft fairs.

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The teacher may show visuals and also the quick rangolis that can be made with colours and designed sieves.

You may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check the comprehension-

What are the two styles of Indian music Name some popular Indian dance forms. What popular dancing style can you relate with Punjab? What craft is Varanasi famous for?

Answers1. a. folk dance b. Kathak c. Sattriya d. Shlokas e. Rangoli/Alpana2. a. PANCHTANTRA b. FLUTE c. GHOOMAR d. BHARATNATYAM e. DHOLAK3. a. F b. T c. T d. F e. F4. a. Mizoram b. North India c. Gujarat d. Kerala e. Assam5. a. People who lived before us are our ancestors. They have passed down many things that

belonged to them or were made by them such as monuments, buildings, architecture, paintings and pottery. Language, music and dance, art and craft or even stories and tales from the past have come to us from them. All these things are a part of our culture and we call them our cultural heritage.

b. Like music, dances in India are also of two types—classical dances and folk dances. Classical dances are linked to the different states of India. Bharatnatyam from Tamil Nadu, Kuchipudi from Andhra Pradesh, Kathak from North India, Odissi from Odisha, Kathakali and Mohiniattam from Kerala, Sattriya from Assam and Manipuri from Manipur are some of the well-known classical dances of India.

c. Folk dances are linked to different communities. They are performed on special occasions by groups of people of the same community as a part of their daily work, festivals, weddings and rituals. They are mostly performed in groups. Some folk dances are Bhangra and Gidda from Punjab, Bihu from Assam, Dandia and Garba from Gujarat, Kalbeliya and Ghoomar from Rajasthan, Bedara Vesha from Karnataka, Thirayattam from Kerala, Chholiya dance from Uttarakhand, Sambalpuri dance from Western Odisha, etc.

d. Another part of our heritage is the special decoration that we do in our houses on special occasions. Such decorations include Rangoli and Alpana that use different types of powdered colours of flowers.

e. Indian Classical music has two styles—Hindustani Music and Carnatic Music. Hindustani Music developed in northern India while the other developed in southern India.

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Connecting People16

LEARNING OUTCOMESStudents will be able to identifyvariousformsofcommunication. identify various forms of transport

Learning Styles/MIAudio learners Visual learners Verballinguisticintelligence Logicalintelligence Interpersonalintelligence Intrapersonalintelligence

Warm up The teacher may ask the students to attempt the warm up

section individually. The answers may then be discussed with the class. Set the context of the lesson.

Let’s Explore Why do we travel The teacher may initiate a discussion on the reasons to travel and write them

on the board in the form of a word wall. Explain the term ‘cultural heritage’ to the students and discuss what the

visual shows. The teacher may also mention that the term heritage also implies to

historical monuments.

Land/ Water & air transport As the students are already acquainted with the topic, the teacher may discuss the various means of transport taking their inputs majorly.

The students may also be asked as to compare between the modes of transport they have used for travelling.

Communication The teacher may explain the term ‘communication’ to the students.

Postal & telephonic The teacher may discuss the various means of postal and telephonic communication.communication The terms-speed post, courier service, STD, ISD, fax may also be explained

to them. The teacher may also discuss if they have seen a courier being delivered and

the formalities the person bringing it does. She may also discuss with the students what all items they can receive

by courier.

Communication with many The teacher may initiate a discussion on mass communication by explaining the term.

The students may be asked to come up with examples related. They may also be asked about the kind of information received through them. She may also discuss with the students what all items they can receive

by courier.

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Internet & How it works The teacher may initiate a discussion on internet & its uses and may write the points on the board.

The teacher may also discuss with the students how internet can be misused by people and how to stay safe and use it for the benefit.

Communication without The teacher may initiate a discussion on special schools and the kind of seeing, speaking students they cater to.& hearing She may tell them that as communication is essential for everyone, even

people with disabilities need to & can communicate. She may then tell them about Braille which is the language for the

sight impaired. She may also tell them about sign language for the deaf and dumb. The teacher may keep asking questions like the ones below, to check

the comprehension- What are the various means of transport? What is communication? What are the various means of mass communication? How is internet useful to us?

Answers1. a. communication b. floods, earthquake, wars. c. sign language d. track e. Cargo-ship 2. a. brings letters b. drop letter in it c. Internet d. mass communication e. hear and view3. a. T b. T c. F d. F e. F4. a. fax machine b. television c. newspaper d. Speed post e. Alexander Graham Bell5. a. Postal Index Number b. Subscriber Trunk Dialling c. International Subscriber Dialling d. Electronic mail e. Word Wide Web6. a. We travel for various reasons. We travel to school to study and parents travel to work. We

may also travel to meet friends and relatives or go for a vacation. We choose the means of transport depending on the place where we have to go, distance, amount of time we have and the money we can spend. Different goods also need to be transported from one place to another. Roadways, airways and waterways are three types of transport.

b. Speed post is a quick delivery service of the post office. c. We use STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling) to talk to people in far off cities and ISD (International

Subscriber Dialling) to talk to those who live in other countries.

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i. The most popular and the cheapest method of communication is the post. We can write our messages on post cards, inland letters or on plain sheets. These are then sent through road, rail, air or sea and delivered to our houses by postwomen or postmen. Speed post is a quick delivery service of the post office. Courier services are also there to send urgent and important letters or parcels.

ii. A fax machine is a device by which a message written on paper is reproduced exactly on another sheet of paper at the receiver’s end.

e. Accept all relevant answers. (For instance: The telephone is the most important means of communication because it the quickest.)

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WORKSHEET 1

1. Write T for true or F for false.

a. Venus has a natural satellite of its own.

b. TheEarthhasonlyonesatellite―theMoon.

c. Mercuryisthesmallestplanet.

d. Planets do not have their own light.

e. OursolarsystemislocatedinthegalaxycalledtheMilkyWay.

2. Read the clues and guess the answers. a. Extremelysmallpieces: ................................ b. Relatedtothesky,heavenorspace: ................................ c. Fixedpathofcelestialbodies: ................................ d. Largestplanetinthesolarsystem: ................................ e. Redplanetinthesolarsystem: ................................

3. Match the columns. a. Venus Smallest planet b. Mercury Hottestplanet c. Jupiter Ourplanet d. Neptune Red planet e. Earth Largest planet f. Uranus Ring planet g. Saturn Coldest planet h. Mars Farthest planet

4. Fill in the blanks. a. The word planet means .................................. . b. Oursolarsystemislocatedinthegalaxycalledthe................................... c. ..................................areballsofhotgases. d. The moon is our nearest .................................. . e. The. ................................. provides us with heat and light.

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Nametheinstrumentusedtolookatthecelestialbodiesinthespace. b. Whichstarisvisibleduringtheday? c. Howmanystarsandplanetsdowehaveinoursolarsystem?Namethem. d. WhatistheBigBangTheory? e. Whataresatellites?NamethesatelliteofEarth.

40

WORKSHEET 2


a. Our Earth is a unique planet.

b. The shape of the Earth is like an apple.

c. TheEarthlooksbluefromspacebecauseoftheatmosphere.

d. TheEarthissurroundedbyalayerofwatercalledtheatmosphere.

e. TherearesevencontinentsontheEarth.

2. Read the clues and guess the answers. a. Largestcontinent,withthetwomostpopulouscountries: ................................ b. 75percentofearth’siceisfoundin: ................................ c. Continentwhichhasonlyonecountry: ................................ d. Largestfreshwaterlakeintheworld: ................................ e. World’ssmallestcountry: ................................

3. Markthecontinentsandoceansonthegivenmap.

*Not to scale

41

4. Match the columns. a. Asia Highest point on Earth b. Africa Secondsmallestcontinent c. Australia Thefrozencontinent d. Antarctica Thesmallestcontinent e. Europe Hasthemostcountries f. NorthAmerica largestfreshwaterlakeintheworld g. SouthAmerica Thelargestcontinent

5. Fill in the blanks. a. Thehuge..................................onEarthareknownasoceans. b. Thereare..................................oceansonEarth. c. RotationisthemovementoftheEarthjustlikea..................................top. d. Theearthtakes24hourstocompleteone................................... e. The path of the planet is .................................. .

42

WORKSHEET 3

1. Tick () the correct answer. a. Whichofthefollowingisnotamaindirection?

i. East ii. West iii. Right

b. A rough drawing without any measurement

i. Sketch ii. Landmark iii. Plan

c. AGlobalPositioningSystem:

i. tellsonlyabouttheweatherofaplace

ii. findsabouttheexactlocationofaplace

iii. onlyshowsaboutthedirectionsofaplace

d. Abookofmaps:

i. atlas ii. plan iii. sketch

e. Whichofthefollowingisnotasub-direction?

i. North-West ii. North-East iii. North-South

2. Match the columns.

a. Bridge

b. Hospital

c. Library

d. house

e. Mall

f. Park

g. Pond

h. Temple

i. River

j. School

43

3. Fill in the blanks. a. ..................................areusedasreferencepointstospecifylocationsanddirectionsonamap. b. Plansshowwherethedifferent..................................maybelocated. c. ..................................canshowthewholeearthorpartsofit. d. ThedirectionbetweenNorthandEastiscalledthe................................... e. Ifyougooutsideinthemorningandstandwithyourrightarmpointingtowardsthesunthenthe

lefthandwouldbefacingthe...................................

4. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Howisasketchdifferentfromaplan? b. Howisasketchdifferentfromamap? c. Whataresomewaysinwhichmapsareuseful? d. Whatarethemaindirectionsandsub-directions? e. Howisasketchreferredto?

44

WORKSHEET 4

1. ReadthecluesandmarkAforairpollution,LforlandpollutionandWforwaterpollution.

a. Thefumesgivenoutbyvehiclesthatrunonpetrolanddiesel.

b. Thesmokecomingoutoffactories.

c. Factoriesdumpingdirtywaterintowaterbodies.

d. Washingclothesinornearrivers.

e. Throwingofchemicalsontothesoil.

2. Fill in the blanks. a. Thesurroundinginwhichlivingbeingsliveandoperateisknownasthe................................... b. All parts of our environment are found within .................................. . c. Cuttingdownofforestsonalargescalewhichisalsoknownas................................... d. ..................................meansfindingwaystousethingsagain. e. ..................................meanscreatingnewproductsoutofoldproducts.

3. Number the sentences in their correct order of occurrence.

a. Paperistakenfromthebinanddepositedinalargerecyclingcontainer.

b. Differentmaterialsareaddedtotheslurry.

c. Thepaperistakentoarecyclingplantwhereitisseparatedintotypesandgrades.

d. Thepaperisputintoalargeholderwhereitismixedwithwatertocreatethe‘slurry’.

e. Theseparatedpaperisnextwashedwithsoapywatertoremoveinks,plasticfilm,staples and glue.

4. Match the columns. a. Fumes airpollution b. Fertilisers chemicalusedtokillinsects c. Insecticides substancesaddedtosoiltomakeitfertile d. Travel publictransport e. Fireworks harmful smoke or gas

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Write some uses for forests. b. Howdoestheenvironmenthelpus? c. Whatarethevariouswaysinwhichwepollutetheenvironment? d. Whatcausesairpollution?Mentiontwowaystoreduceairpollution. e. Howdoeslandbecomepolluted?

45

WORKSHEET 5

1. Read the clues and guess the answers. a.Storyorstudyaboutthepast: …………………………. b. Thingsthathelpusknowaboutthepast: …………………………. c. Oldpapersanddocuments: …………………………. d. Thosewhostudy,researchandwritehistory: …………………………. e. Thosewhodigthegroundinsearchofthingsofthepast: ………………………….

2. Match the columns. a. AD scale b. CE Before Common Era c. BCE CommonEra d. Timeline yearofJesusChrist’sbirth e. 1 in the year of our Lord

3. Fill in the blanks. a. Thesystemofsequencingcamefrom................................... b. Some .................................. sites are buried deep beneath the ground. c. Anarchaeologistworkswithexpertsfromotherfieldsofstudysuchasbotanists,

.................................., .................................. and .................................. . d. Atimelinestudiesaboutthedatesand................................... e. We live in the .................................. Era.

4. Labelthevarioussourcesofinformation. a. b. c.

................................................. ................................................. .................................................

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. WhatisHistory? b. Whatarethesourcesofhistory? c. Whatisatimeline? d. WhatisthedifferencebetweenCEandBCE? e. Whatdothearchaeologistsdo?

46

WORKSHEET 6


a. Theearlyhumansarecalledhominids.

b. Theearlyhumanslearnttousetoolsforhunting.

c. Thehunters-gatherersgrewberriesandnuts.

d. Spear was invented by the early humans.

e. Earlyhumansusedsignlanguagetocommunicatewitheachother.

2. Read the clues and guess the answers. a. Foodthathasnotbeencooked: …………………………. b. Atool,machineorsystemsomeonehasmadeforthefirsttime: …………………………. c. Findoutsomethingthatnooneknewbefore: …………………………. d. Fittedundertheraftstorollontheground: …………………………. e. Thisinventionbroughtabigchangeinmovingfromplacetoplace: ………………………….

3. Fill in the blanks. a. Theearlypeoplediscoveredfirewhentheystrucktwo..................................together. b. Fire kept them warm and kept the .................................. away. c. Theycalledouteachotherusing................................... d. The..................................cavesinMadhyaPradesharesaidtobeveryold. e. Logsof..................................floatingonstreaminspiredearlymentoinvent...................................

4. Arrange the sentences in their correct order of occurrence.

a. They learnt to hold stones, eat and hunt.

b. Inprehistorictimes,changesintheweatherconditionsonEarthledtoadecreaseinforestarea.

c. Thehuman-apeslearnttowalkstraightastheuprighthumans.

d. They learnt to stand on their pair of limbs.

e. Apeswereforcedtoclimbdownandliveontheground.

f. Astheylearnttowalkontheground,theirhandsbecamefree.

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Howdidearlyhumanslearntogrowtheirownfood? b. Whydidtheearlyhumaninventspear? c. Howdidtheyinventthewheel? d. Whydidthehumanapesbecomeuprighthumans? e. Howdidtheylearnstorage?

47

WORKSHEET 7


a. Civilisationreferstothebuildingsinwhichwelive.

b. Pottery,weaving,animalrearingandcarpentryweresomesparetimeactivitiesofearlyhumans.

c. Theneedtokeeprecordsledtothedevelopmentofsignlanguage.

d. Thepeopleofearlycivilisationusedirontomaketools.

e. Thebuildingofthefirstcitieswerebuiltwithtechnologybetterthantheonesbuilttoday.

2. Write brief notes. a. Plannedcities:....................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

b. PeopleandOccupation:........................................................................................................................ ...............................................................................................................................................................

c. LanguageandWriting:.......................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

d. Trade:.................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

e. ArtandCraft:........................................................................................................................................ ...............................................................................................................................................................

3. Match the columns. a. Cuneiform artandcraft b. Hieroglyph Nature god c. Pottery mudbricks d. Religion Egyptian e. Buildings Mesopotamian

4. Fill in the blanks. a.Thestreetswerelaidoutin..................................withaproperdrainagesysteminplace. b. Theoldestformofdomesticationofanimalscanbeseenduringthe................................... c. Theformofcommunicationthatdevelopedduringthesecivilisationswas................................... d. Mesopotamian civilisation developed around the valleys of rivers ..................................

and .................................. . e. Somebronzecivilisationsbelievedthatafterdeath,peoplehadan...................................

48

WORKSHEET 8

1. OnthegivenmapofIndia,markthesixgeographicalregionsoftheworld.

*Not to scale

2. Fill in the blanks. a. The southern part of India is a .................................. . b. The Indian peninsula is surrounded by the .................................. on the west. c. IndiaanditsneighboursformtheIndian................................... d. There are .................................. states and .................................. union territories in India. e. AmapofIndiawhichshowsgeographicaldivisionsiscalleda..................................mapofIndia.

3. Write T for true and F for False.

a. Thesurfaceoflanddoesnotvaryfromregiontoregion.

b. TheHimalayasformanaturalboundaryseparatingIndiafromChina.

49

c. Eachstatehasagovernmentconsistingofagovernor,presidentandotherministers.

d. Weatherandclimatedonotaffectthewayoflife.

e. Ourcountryisrightlysaidtobeagreatexampleofunityindiversity.

4. Match the columns. a. AndhraPradesh Ranchi b. HimachalPradesh Hyderabad c. Jharkhand Simla d. Meghalaya Agartala e. Tripura Shillong f. Uttarakhand Dehradun g. UttarPradesh Kolkata h. WestBengal Lucknow i. AndamanandNicobarIslands Silvassa j. DadraandNagarHaveli PortBlair

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. DiscussthegeographicalfeaturesofIndia. b. HowmanygeographicaldivisionsarethereinIndia? c. WhatarethepoliticaldivisionsofIndia? d. Name the water bodies surrounding peninsular India. e. HowmanyUnionTerritoriesarethereinIndia?

50

WORKSHEET 9

1. Readthecluesandtick()theoneswhicharecorrectaboutvillage.

a. Farmersusecattledrivenploughsinthefields

b. Every village has a mall

c. Kucchahouseswiththatchedroofs

d. People live in apartments

e. Unplanned and kuccha roads

f. Planned and pucca roads

g. Use of hand pumps and depending on monsoons

h. Importantgovernmentofficesarelocated

2. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. ThefaceofIndianvillageshaschanged.How? b. WhatisaPanchayat?Whatdoesitdo? c. WhatisaMunicipalCommittee?Whatdoesitdo? d. WhatisaMunicipalCorporation?Whatareitsfunctions?

3. Match the columns. a. NewDelhi Headofmunicipalcorporation b. Agriculture metrocity c. Panchayat seasonaloccupation d. Mayor one woman member e. Sarpanch Headofpanchayat

4. Fill in the blanks. a.Farmersuse..................................ontheirfields. b. Animalhusbandrywhichinvolveskeepinganimalssuchas..................................andducks. c. ThepeopleofIndialiveincities,..................................andvillages. d. Thecitieshavehouses,..................................,hospitalsandschools. e. TheIndiangovernmenthasstartedthe..................................CitiesMission.

5. Fill in the columns.

a.FunctionsofthePanchayats b. FunctionsoftheMunicipalities

............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................

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............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................

52

WORKSHEET 10

1. MarkDforDelhi,HforHaryanaandUPforUttarPradeshonthegivenmap.

River Yamuna

*Not to scale

2. Whichofthefollowingisnotacorrectpair? a. Humayun’sTomb-13architecturalastronomyinstruments b. TheRedFort-residenceoftheMughalemperor c. TheIndiaGate-tallestbrickminaret d. TheQutubMinar-warmemorial e. TheJantarMantar-firstgardentomb


a. TheLokSabhaandRajyaSabhamakelawsforthewholecountry.

b. The Parliament House is also situated in Pune.

c. ThemonsoonseasoninDecemberandJanuarybringsrain.

d. ChiefMinisterofDelhiisthefirstcitizenofIndia.

e. Delhi has two sets of government.

4. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. DescribethelocationofDelhi. b. HowisDelhiametrocity? c. MentionanyfivetouristplacesinDelhi. d. WhatisthemostpopularmeansoftravellinginDelhi? e. WhyisDelhithecentreofallpoliticalactivities?

53

5. Labeltheplaces. a. b. c.

............................................ ............................................ ............................................

54

WORKSHEET 11

1. Whichofthefollowingis/arenotcorrectlypaired? a. JanaGanaMana-RabindranathTagore b. Nationalflag-VandeMataram c. Navybluechakra-tricolour d. SatyamevJayate-NationalEmblem e. NationalSong-24spokes

2. Writebrieflyon: a. NationalBird:........................................................................................................................................ ...............................................................................................................................................................

b. NationalAnimal:................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

c. NationalFlower:.................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

d. NationalFruit:....................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

e. NationalAquaticAnimal:...................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................................................

3. Read the clues and guess the answers. a. Itsymbolisespurityanddignity: …………………………. b. Itsymbolisesbeautyandpride: …………………………. c. Itsymbolisesbraveryandstrength: …………………………. d. NationalanthemiswritteninBengaliknownas: …………………………. e. Thenationalemblemhasbeentakenfrom: ………………………….

4. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Whataresymbols?Whatareourmainnationalsymbols? b. Describeournationalemblem. c. Whowroteournationalanthem? d. Whatdoesournationalflaglooklike? e. Whyarethenationalsymbolsimportant?

55

WORKSHEET 12

1. Fill in the columns.

Rules at Home

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

RulesinSchool

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

Rules for the Country

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

......................................

2. Read the clues and guess the answer. a. Asystemofgovernmentinwhichcitizensvotetoelecttheirleaders: ............................ b. Lawandorderofacountryaremadeandlookedafterbythis: ............................ c. Lawandorderofastateistakencareofbythis: ............................ d. Theadministrationatthedistrictorvillagelevel: ............................ e. Groupofpeoplewhomakeorframelaws: ............................

3. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Whydowefollowrules? b. Whatarelaws?Whomakesthelaws? c. Whatistheroleofthegovernment? d. HowisthehugepopulationofIndiaruled? e. Whatisdemocracy?

4. Match the columns. a. Raising your hands 26 January 1950 b. Constitution ruleintheclassroom c. Citizens villagelevel d. Breakalaw elect e. Localgovernment punishment

56

WORKSHEET 13

1. Match the columns. a. WestBengal Coconut b. Kerala Rice c. Rajasthan Strawberries d. Kashmir Jaggery e. Nagpur Oranges f. Ratnagiri Grapes g. Nashik Alphonso

2. Whichofthefollowingpairsareincorrect? a. HimachalPradesh-veshti b. Coastalregions-cottonclothes c. Festivals-silk d. CentralIndia-dhoti-kurta e. Kerala-mundu f. TamilNadu-phiran g. Gujarat-pavadai h. SouthIndia-ghagra-choli

3. Fill in the blanks. a. The seven sisters of Northeast India are Assam, ........................., Mizoram, .........................,

Tripura,.........................andArunachalPradesh. b. Assam in famous for its Muga and Pat silk sarees and ......................... . c. Ornamentsof.........................andsilverformanimportantpartofthecostumesofwomeninIndia. d. TheNaga.........................formanimportantpartofthecultureandattireofthepeopleofNagaland. e. TheSikhsinthecountryalsowearaturbancalled..........................


a. Turmeric,chillies,pepper,cloves,cardamoms,cuminseeds,fenugreekandnutmeg areexamplesofspices.

b. Thefavouriteitemsofpeopleinthenorth-easternstatesareidli,dosa,sambhar, rasam and payasam.

c. InthestatesofKeralaandTamilNadu,menareseenwearingangrakhawithadhotiorpyjama.

d. Womeninthenortheastgenerallywearskirts,dresses,half-sarisandshawls,sarongs.

e. Diversityreferstotheexistenceofsamepeopleorthingsinaplace.

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. IsIndiaalandofdiversity?Discuss. b. WhatisthestaplefoodalloverIndia? c. WhatmakesIndianfoodunique? d. Whatisspecialabouttheclothinginnorth-easternstatesinIndia? e. WhichstatesareknownforgrowingfruitsinIndia?

57

WORKSHEET 14


a. TheharvestfestivalofKeralaisOnam.

b. OnamisknownforitssnakeboatracesalsocalledVallamkalliinTelugu.

c. PongalistheharvestfestivalofKarnataka.

d. ChristiansobserveEasterwhenJesusChristwasbelievedtohavebeencrucified.

e. Eid-ul-FitrmarkstheendoftheholymonthofRamzan.

2. Whichofthefollowingpairsareincorrect? a. DurgaPuja-Vijayadashmi b. Dussehra-Ramleela c. Holi-onsetofspring d. BasantPanchmi-endofwinter e. Christmas-25thDecember

3. Fill in the blanks. a.Pongaliscelebratedas................................and................................inNorthIndiaand

................................ in Assam. b. ................................isorganisedinvariouslocalitiesontheoccasionofJanamashtami. c. Langarsareorganisedon................................. d. Peoplesprinkle................................oneachotheronHoli. e. Parsiscelebrate................................ortheParsiNewYear.

4. Match the columns. a. Christmas Ayodhya b. LordBuddha Redcolouredflowers c. Palash BuddhaPurnima d. Lord Rama Cakes e. Diwali Goddess Lakshmi

3. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. WhatarethedifferentkindsoffestivalscelebratedinIndia? b. WhatistheimportanceofGoodFriday? c. HowisBasantPanchmicelebrated? d. Whatareharvestfestivals? e. WhatisRamzan?Howisitcelebrated?

58

WORKSHEET 15


a. Peoplewholivedbeforeusareourancestors.

b. Shlokas were played in temples by the priests.

c. EachregionofIndiahasitsownmusicbasedonthelifeofthepeople.

d. BharatnatyamfromTamilNadu,KuchipudifromAndhraPradesh,KathakfromNorth Indiaarefolkdanceforms.

e. InBihar,peopledecoratethewallsoftheirhouseswithbeautifulKanthapaintings.

2. Whichofthefollowingpairsareincorrect? a. Kashmir-Pashmina b. WestBengal-rosewoodcarving c. Karnataka-Sholapith d. Rajasthan-Silk e. Varanasi-Meenakari f. AjantaandEllora-Murals g. Mughalperiod-Panchtantra h. Folktales-miniaturepaintings

3. Fill in the blanks. a.Indian................................musicisamixtureofIndianfolk,classicalmusicandmodernbeats

fromdifferentpartsoftheworld. b. ................................wereperformedinthecourtsofkingsandemperors. c. ................................fromKarnataka,................................fromKeralaaresomeformsof

folkdance. d. There are around ................................ languages spoken in India. e. Everystatehasitsownuniqueculturewhicharevisibleintheir.................................

4. Match the columns. a. Cheraw Meghalaya b. Nongkrem Mizoram c. Dhol-Cholom ArunachalPradesh d. Bardo-Chham WesternOdisha e. Sambalpuri Manipur

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Whatdoyoumeanbyourculturalheritage? b. NametheclassicaldanceformsofIndia. c. Whenarefolkdancesperformed?Namesomepopularfolkdancesofourcountry. d. Whatarethespecialdecorationsthatformapartofourheritage? e. WhatisthedifferencebetweenHindustaniandCarnaticMusic?

59

WORKSHEET 16


a.Wechoosethemeansoftransportdependingonthenumberofwheelsthatvehiclehas.

b. Roadways and railways are two types of transport.

c. PeoplelivinginKeralausecruiseshipsinthebackwaters.

d.Trainsareusedtodropfoodandmedicinesduringrescueoperations.

e. Courierservicesareusedtosendemails.

2. Read the clues and guess the answer. a.Aquickdeliveryserviceofthepostoffice: ............................ b. Thetelephonewasinventedby: ............................ c. Adevicereproducesamessageonpaperexactlyasonthesender’send: ............................ d. Anetworkwhichlinkscomputersallovertheworld: ............................ e. Somepeoplewholosetheireyesightlearnaspeciallanguage: ............................

3. Fill in the blanks. a. Peoplewhocannotspeakorhearlikeuscancommunicateeasilyby................................. b. ................................isthefastestandthecostliestmeansoftransport. c. ................................canbeusedtosendmessagesviathephone. d. Itiseasierandfastertoconnectwithpeopleviathe................................. e. ItisimportanttowritethePinor................................ontheenvelopesorpostcards.

4. Match the columns. a. Communication thingsthatcangobadquickly b. Steamers exchangingideas c. Ferries shipsthatcarrygoods d. Cargoships boatsthatmakesshortregularjourneys e. Perishable a ship that moves by steam power

5. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. a. Whatarethereasonsforwhichwetravel? b. Whatispostalcommunication? c. Whataremeansofmasscommunication? d. Write short notes on the following. i. Internet ii. Braille e. Whataretheprecautionsusedwhilehandlingamobilephone?

60

Answers to the WorksheetsWorksheet 1

1. a. F b. T c. T d. T e. T2. a. particles b. celestial c. orbit d. Jupiter e. Mars3. a. Hottest planet b. Smallest planet c. Largest planet d. Farthest planet e. Our planet f. Coldest planet g. Ring planet h. Red planet 4. a. wanderer b. Milky Way c. Stars d. satellite e. Sun5. a. Telescope b. The Sun c. We have a Sun and eight planets in our solar system namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. d. It is said that many years ago, a big explosion had taken place and a huge fireball as created.

The fireball cooled down gradually and formed minute or small particles, thus creating the universe. This idea is known as the Big Bang Theory.

e. The tiny companions around the planets are called satellites or moons. They are of different shapes, sizes and numbers. All the planets in the solar system except Mercury and Venus have their own natural satellites. The Earth has only one satellite―the Moon.

Worksheet 21. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T2. a. Asia b. Antarctica c. Australia d. Lake Superior e. Vatican City3.

*Not to scale

61

4. a. The largest continent b. Has the most countries c. The smallest continent d. The frozen continent e. Second smallest continent f. Largest freshwater lake in the world g. Highest point on Earth 5. a. water bodies b. five c. spinning d. rotation e. orbit

Worksheet 31. a. iii. Right b. i. Sketch c. ii. finds about the exact location of a place d. i. atlas e. iii. North-South

2. a. b. c. d. e.

f. g. h. i. j.

3. a. Landmarks b. rooms c. Maps d. north-east e. west 4. a. A drawing or rough marking that helps us reach a particular place is called a sketch. In

other words, a sketch is a rough drawing without any measurement. Sometimes we need to show the details of a house or building. Plans show where the different rooms may be located.

b. A drawing or rough marking that helps us reach a particular place is called a sketch. In other words, a sketch is a rough drawing without any measurement. Maps are drawings which show where different places are located. Maps show a flat picture of a place. Maps may be big or small. They can show the whole earth or parts of it. They help us to find and locate new places.

c. A map helps us in many ways. It: • gives a small picture of a large place. • guides us to a place which we have not visited earlier. • helps calculate the distance between two places. • shows all the possible ways to reach a place. • provides information about distances, heights, mountains, rivers, destinations. • gives us extra information on crops, weather reports, direction of wind and rainfall too. d. There are four main directions—east, west, north and south. And there are four sub-

directions—North-West, North-East, South-East and South-West. e. We refer to a sketch with the help of signs or symbols. Some important places are marked

as landmarks such as buildings, parks, shopping areas, bridges, temples, churches, bus stops, etc. These may also be famous buildings or monuments. Landmarks are used as reference points to specify locations and directions on a map. These help us reach a destination easily.

62

Worksheet 41. a. A b. A c. W d. W e. L2. a. ecosystem b. atmosphere c. deforestation d. Reusing e. Recycling 3. a. 1 b. 5 c. 2 d. 4 e. 34. a. harmful smoke or gas b. substances added to soil to make it fertile c. chemical used to kill insects d. public transport e. air pollution 5. a. Forests are very important as trees supply oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide which is important

for survival on earth. They also keep the air clean. Trees also help in bringing rainfall. b. The surrounding in which people, plants and animals live and operate is known as the

environment. All these living things need land, water and air to live. So, everything that surrounds us—air, water, land, plants or animals—forms a part of our environment.

c. We are polluting the environment in various ways known as land pollution, air pollution and water pollution. Some examples are:

• the release of harmful particles when refrigerators, computers and air conditioners are in use. • cutting down of forests on a large scale which is also known as deforestation. d. When harmful gases, fumes and smoke are released into the air, they cause air pollution.

This polluted air is harmful for humans, animals, birds and plants. We can fall sick by breathing in polluted air.

Air pollution can be reduced by avoiding fireworks and travelling by public transport. e. Land pollution is caused by: • disposal of garbage on land. • throwing of chemicals onto the soil. • mining activities. • agricultural practices such as adding fertilisers and insecticides. • cutting down trees which causes soil erosion.

Worksheet 51. a. History b. Sources c. Manuscripts d. Historians e. Archaeologists2. a. in the year of our Lord b. Common Era c. Before Common Era d. scale e. year of Jesus Christ’s birth 3. a. Europe b. archaeological c. zoologists, soil scientists, geologists d. events e. Common

63

4. a. coins b. utensils c. manuscript 5. a. History is a story or study about the past. It tells us many things about how people lived a

long time ago. It gives us information about what they ate, where they lived and what they wore. History also tells us about important events which took place in the past.

b. The things that help us know about the past are known as the sources of history. These sources include weapons, paintings, utensils, old coins, stamps, stones, the remains of old buildings and books. Old papers and documents called manuscripts are also important sources of history.

c. It is also important that when we study about events we put all the dates and what happened on those dates in the correct order. To do this, historians use a scale called timeline.

d. The birth of Jesus Christ marks the beginning of the calendar. The years after his birth start from 1 and have CE written after them. CE stands for Common Era. The years before the birth of Jesus Christ are counted backwards from 1 and have BCE written after them. BCE stands for Before Common Era.

e. Archaeologists study the things that people made, used, and left behind.

Worksheet 61. a. T b. T c. F d. T e. T2. a. Raw b. Invention c. Discover d. Logs e. Wheel3. a. stones b. wild animals c. animal sounds d. Bhimbetka e. wood, wheel4. a. 4 b. 1 c. 6 d. 5 e. 2 f. 35. a. The early humans learnt to grow their own food as they noticed plants growing in the wild.

They observed that fallen seeds grew into new plants. So, early men learnt how to farm by scattering seeds on soft earth.

b. The early people could not kill large animals with bare hands. So, they realised the need for tools for hunting. They began using sharp-edged stones and pieces of wood for hunting. They felt the need of a weapon which could be thrown at the animal without getting close to it. Some tools were made from long pieces of wood and a stone attached to it. This led to the invention of the spear.

c. The early humans had to walk long distances. One day, they found a much easier way of moving heavy loads. They saw logs of wood floating on streams and came upon the idea of building rafts by tying the logs together. They also fitted the logs under carts and rolled them on uneven grounds. This way they invented the wheel.

d. Many, many years ago, the changes in the weather conditions on Earth led to a decrease in forest area. Apes were forced to climb down and live on the ground. They learnt to stand on their pair of limbs. As they learnt to walk on the ground, their hands became free which they used to hold stones, eat and hunt. Gradually, the human-apes learnt to walk straight and hence developed into what we know as the upright humans.

e. In their free time, early humans would make pots out of clay, dry them in the sun and use them for storage of the foods that they grew.

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Worksheet 71. a. F b. T c. F d. F e. F2. a. The cities during the Bronze Age Civilisations were well planned and managed. The streets

were laid out in grids with a proper drainage system in place. b. Agriculture was the prime occupation of people during this age. However, they also learnt

how to produce copper, bronze, lead and tin. c. A pictographic form of script for communication had developed across these civilisations.

For example, Hieroglyph in Egypt and Cuneiform in Mesopotamia. d. The first cities that came up in the Bronze Age Civilisations were located on the banks

of the rivers. Along with agriculture, these settlements also had good relations with neighbouring areas.

e. Art and Craft: Pottery, brickwork and metal work flourished throughout these civilisations.3. a. Mesopotamian b. Egyptian c. Art and craft d. Nature god e. Mud bricks 4. a. grids b. Bronze Age c. pictographic d. Euphrates, Tigris e. afterlife

Worksheet 81.

*Not to scale

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2. a. peninsula b. Arabian Sea c. subcontinent d. 29, 7 e. physical3. a. F b. T c. F d. F e. T4. a. Hyderabad b. Simla c. Ranchi d. Shillong e. Agartala f. Dehradun g. Lucknow h. Kolkata i. Port Blair j. Silvassa5. a. India is a vast country situated in the continent of Asia. It is a beautiful country and the

seventh largest country in the world. The Himalayas form a natural boundary separating India from most of the continent of Asia. The surface of land varies from region to region across the country. It has high mountains, deserts, vast plains and thick forests. It also has many rivers and a long coastline.

b. On the basis of the landforms, India consists of six geographical regions or physical divisions— the northern mountains, the northern plains, the Great Indian Desert, the southern plateau, the coastal plains and the island regions.

c. India is divided into smaller areas known as states. There are 29 states and 7 union territories in India known as the political divisions of India.

d. The Indian peninsula is surrounded by the Arabian Sea on the west, the Bay of Bengal on the east and the Indian Ocean in the south.

e. There are 7 union territories in India. Union territories are special areas of the country that are not included in any of the states. The union territories are looked after by the central government.

Worksheet 91. a. c. e. g. 2. a. The face of Indian villages has changed. Electricity has reached many villages. Farmers

use tractors on their fields. There is electricity for the tube wells. The government gives them special facilities such as good, seeds and manure. Most villages have schools, pucca roads and phones. People in villages are also involved in allied occupations such as animal husbandry which involves keeping animals such as cows, goats, hens and ducks. They sell animals and their products like milk, eggs, etc., and earn a living, while others are shopkeepers, potters, blacksmiths, carpenters, masons, etc. Pucca roads have connected the villages to the towns and cities. People have television, mobile phones, tractors and they are also using modern methods of farming.

b. The Panchayat looks after the village. It has been there since olden times. The Sarpanch (head of panchayat), along with the members of the panchayat, resolve conflicts between people. Every panchayat must have at least one woman member. Nowadays, it also looks after building roads, setting up schools and healthcare centres for the people.

c. Towns are smaller than cities but bigger than villages. Unlike cities, towns are not centres of important offices. The towns are governed at the local level by a body called the Municipal Committee. Its members are also elected by the people who are over 18 years of age. The members are called the Municipal Councillors and are headed by a Chairperson. The committee just like the gram panchayats, looks after the daily needs of

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the people. They look after the sanitation, garbage collection and management, clean drinking water facility and roads. They also run primary health centres and municipal schools.

d. A city is looked after by the Municipal Corporation. It is headed by a Mayor. Its basic function is to look after facilities like water supply, drainage, garbage disposal, health, primary education, public buildings and roads. Cities like Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai along with our national capital, New Delhi are metro cities and they are run by Municipal Corporations.

3. a. metro city b. seasonal occupation c. one woman member d. Head of municipal corporation e. Head of panchayat4. a. tractors b. cows c. towns d. banks e. Smart 5. a. Functions of the Panchayats b. Functions of the Municipalities

S Provide for sanitation and maintenance, repair, construction and protection of public streets, schools, etc.

SProvide supply of drinking water and take care of public tanks.

SImplement the official programmes given by the state governments.

SKeeps records for various departments.

SCollect taxes from citizens.

SMaintain information regarding birth, death or property details of village people.

SSolve and administer justice in case of disputes between village people.

SSanitation of streets, drains and waste management.

S Provide clean and protected water.

S Construct and maintain roads, bridges, buildings and public streets.

S Lighting of public streets and checking smooth functioning on them.

S Control cases of public health and other diseases.

S Register the birth and death rates.

S Maintain centres of the public utilities

Worksheet 101.

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2. a. Humayun’s Tomb - 13 architectural astronomy instruments c. The India Gate - tallest brick minaret d. The Qutub Minar - war memorial e. The Jantar Mantar - first garden tomb3. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T 4. a. New Delhi is the national capital of India. It is also known as the National Capital

Territory of Delhi (NCT). The National Capital Region includes both Old Delhi and New Delhi and some areas of Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. Delhi is located on the banks of the river Yamuna. It shares its borders with two states―Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

b. New Delhi is a metropolitan city. People belonging to different parts of India have settled down here. They have all contributed to the culture and language. Food habits and the way of life of people city make Delhi a very interesting place. People come from different parts of India in search of work or to study. All important festivals are celebrated here. A huge network of the metro rail connects the city helping people travel from one place to another.

c. Humayun’s Tomb, The Red Fort, The India Gate, The Jantar Mantar and the Old Fort are five tourist places in Delhi.

d. Metro is the most popular means of travelling in Delhi. e. Since New Delhi is the capital of India, all important central government offices are located

here. Delhi has two sets of government. The Delhi government looks after Delhi and the central government looks after the whole nation. The Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, the two houses of the parliament make laws for the whole country. The President, Prime Minister, other ministers and government officers live here. The President of India, also known as the first citizen of the country, lives in the Rashtrapati Bhawan. The Parliament House is also situated in Delhi. Representatives or ambassadors and high commissioners of other countries also live in Delhi.

5. a. National Museum b. The Old Fort c. The Rashtrapati Bhawan

Worksheet 111. b. National flag- Vande Mataram c. Navy blue chakra- tricolour e. National Song- 24 spokes2. a. Our national bird is the peacock. It symbolises beauty and pride. To see a peacock dance

when it rains is a beautiful sight. This bird is also protected by the government b. Our national animal is the tiger. It symbolises bravery and strength. The government

started a programe called Project Tiger to safeguard the tigers who are being hunted and killed in large numbers by poachers. Sundarbans and Ranthambhor are two of the many tiger reserves in our country.

c. Our national flower is the lotus. It symbolises purity and dignity. Though it grows in

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muddy water, it is still clean and beautiful. It is considered to be a sacred flower. d. Our national fruit is the mango. More than half of the total mangoes produced in the world

are from India. e. The river dolphin is the national aquatic animal of India. It can survive only in pure and

fresh water. It inhabits parts of the river Ganga, Meghna and Brahmaputra. Its number is decreasing due to poaching. Hence, it is also protected by the government of India.

3. a. Lotus. b. Peacock c. Tiger d. Sadho Bhasha e. Ashoka Pillar 4. a. A symbol is a design or a shape which represents an idea or an object. Your uniform and

diary carries the logo of your school. Symbols help to connect you all to your school. Just like your school, India too has some symbols. These are called national symbols because they represent our country. When we see these symbols, we know that they stand for India.

b. The national emblem has four lions standing on a platform with their backs towards each other. On the platform, we find a lion, an elephant, a galloping horse and a bull. The words Satyamev Jayate meaning ‘truth alone triumphs’ are carved below the platform. These are found on coins, notes, and government documents. This has been taken from the Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath.

c. The National Anthem of a country is a song that the people of that country sing to show their love and respect for their nation. The national anthem of our country is Jana Gana Mana. It was written by Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali.

d. It is rectangular in shape and is divided into three equal bands of different colours. The band at the top is saffron in colour and stands for courage and sacrifice. The band in the middle is white in colour and stands for peace and truth. The band at the bottom is green in colour and stands for prosperity. At the centre of the white band is a navy blue chakra with 24 spokes. This chakra is the symbol of dharma or justice and represents growth.

e. The national symbols unite millions of Indians. They generate in the hearts of the people love for their country. We should all be proud of these symbols and respect them.

Worksheet 121. a. Rules at Home- • Switching off the lights and fans when they are not in use • keeping your things in order b. Rules in School- • Raising your hand and waiting for your turn to speak; • not running in the corridor; • and maintaining silence in the school premises. c. Rules for the country- • Wear the seat belt while driving. • Follow traffic signals. • Buy tickets when travelling on buses and trains.

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• Do not litter or throw garbage on the road. • Walk on the zebra crossing • Don’t throw garbage on the road • Wear a seat belt while driving2. a. Democracy b. Central Government c. State Government d. Local Self government e. Government3. a. We cannot always do what we want to do. We have to follow rules. Also, you saw in the

pictures above that when we do not follow rules we can end up in dangerous situations. Rules are necessary to protect us and the environment. We have to follow rules at home, in school and in our neighbourhood.

b. As citizens of India, we need to follow rules to live in our country. The rules of a country are called laws. Rules are made by the leaders of that country. Laws are required to help everyone live safely. The Constitution of India is a book which contains all the laws of our country. The Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950. A group of people who make or frame laws and manage a country is known as a government.

c. The government makes certain laws to manage a country. The government also takes care that every citizen follows the laws. The government is made of leaders who are elected by the citizens of India.

d. India’s huge population lives in villages, towns and cities. Therefore, the country is run at three levels―the central government, the state government and the local self-government.

e. In a democracy, the government is of the people, by the people and for the people. The people in India choose their own leaders who form the government and run the country.

4. a. rule in the classroom b. 26 January 1950 c. elect d. punishment e. village level

Worksheet 131. a. Rice b. Coconut c. Jaggery d. Strawberries e. Oranges f. Alphonso g. Grapes 2. a. Himachal Pradesh- veshti f. Tamil Nadu- phiran g. Gujarat- pavadai h. South India- ghagra-choli3. a. Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya b. Mekhla Chador c. gold d. shawls e. dastar4. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. F

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5. a. India has different kinds of landforms, physical features and weather. These differences affect the daily life, especially the food habits and clothing of the people. This varied culture across the states makes India a land of diversity.

b. People in northern India prefer eating chapatis made of wheat and also eat rice. In the eastern and southern states such as West Bengal and Kerala, people mainly eat rice. The main food of a place is also called the staple food. Pulses or dal are eaten by all people across the country.

c. Some of the typical Indian spices are turmeric, chillies, pepper, cloves, cardamoms, cumin seeds, fenugreek and nutmeg. Spices make Indian food unique in flavour.

d. The seven sisters of Northeast India— Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh— each have their own colourful, traditional attire, which is very different from the clothes usually worn by women in the rest of India. Women generally wear skirts, dresses, half-saris and shawls, sarongs.

e. A large variety of fruits are grown in India. Kashmir is known for apples, cherries and strawberries. In the state of Maharashtra, Nagpur is famous for its oranges, Ratnagiri district for Alphonso mangoes and Nashik for grapes. Goa and Kerala are known for coconuts.

Worksheet 141. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. T 2. a. Durga Puja- Vijayadashmi c. Holi- onset of spring d. Basant Panchmi- end of winter 3. a. Makar Sankranti, Lohri, Bihu b. Dahi-handi c. gurupurab d. Gulal e. Nauroz4. a. Cakes b. Buddha Purnima c. Red coloured flowers d. Ayodhya e. Goddess Lakshmi5. a. India is a land of diversity. Millions of people live in India. They speak different languages,

follow different religions and live in different regions. So we get to experience and enjoy different festivals. Some festivals celebrate the togetherness of India and are known as national festivals, while some festivals that celebrate different religions, gods, goddesses and prophets are called religious festivals. Some festivals celebrate a good crop and are known as harvest festivals

b. Christians observe the day when Jesus Christ is believed to have been crucified as Good Friday.

c. Basant Panchmi is celebrated to worship Goddess Saraswati, the goddess of learning. In the north-east, girls wear yellow saris and dance and sing to celebrate the onset of spring. Palash, red coloured flowers, blossom at this time.

d. The harvest festivals marks the coming of the harvesting season. Pongal, Makar Sankranti, Lohri, Bihu, Onam and Baisakhi are some harvest festivals.

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e. In the holy month of Ramzan, Muslims fast every day from sunrise to sunset. After 30 days of fasting, people celebrate Eid-ul- Fitr. They wear new clothes and offer prayers (namaz) at mosques. People eat a special dessert—sewain—which is made of milk, vermicelli and jaggery. Elders give money as idi to the children in their families.

Worksheet 151. a. T b. F c. T d. F e. F2. b. West Bengal- rosewood carving c. Karnataka- Sholapith d. Rajasthan- Silk e. Varanasi- Meenakari g. Mughal period- Panchtantra h. Folk tales- miniature paintings 3. a. pop music b. Kathak c. Bedara Vesha, Thirayattam d. 880 e. handicraft4. a. Mizoram b. Meghalaya c. Manipur d. Arunachal Pradesh e. Western Odisha 5. a. People who lived before us are our ancestors. They have passed down many things that

belonged to them or were made by them such as monuments, buildings, architecture, paintings and pottery. Language, music and dance, art and craft or even stories and tales from the past have come to us from them. All these things are a part of our culture and we call them our cultural heritage.

b. Classical dances are linked to the different states of India. They are Bharatnatyam from Tamil Nadu, Kuchipudi from Andhra Pradesh, Kathak from North India, Odissi from Odisha, Kathakali and Mohiniattam from Kerala, Sattriya from Assam and Manipuri from Manipur.

c. Folk dances are linked to different communities. They are performed on special occasions by groups of people of the same community as a part of their daily work, festivals, weddings and rituals. They are mostly performed in groups. Some popular folk dances are Bhangra and Gidda from Punjab, Bihu from Assam, Dandia and Garba from Gujarat, Kalbeliya and Ghoomar from Rajasthan, Bedara Vesha from Karnataka, Thirayattam from Kerala, Chholiya dance from Uttarakhand, Sambalpuri dance from Western Odisha, etc.

d. Special decoration that we do in our houses on special occasions. Such decorations include Rangoli and Alpana that use different types of powdered colours or flowers.

e. Classical music has two styles— Hindustani Music and Carnatic Music. Hindustani Music developed in northern India while the other developed in southern India..

Worksheet 161. a. F b. T c. F d. F e. F 2. a. Speed Post b. Alexander Graham Bell c. Fax Machine d. Internet e. Braille

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3. a. sign language. b. Air transport c. Short message Service d. telephone e. Postal Index Number4. a. exchanging ideas b. a ship that moves by steam power c. boats that makes short regular journeys d. ships that carry goods e. things that can go bad quickly 5. a. We travel for various reasons. We travel to school to study and parents travel to work. We

may also travel to meet our friends and relatives or go for a vacation. We choose the means of transport depending on the place where we have to go, distance, amount of time we have and the money we can spend. Different goods also need to be transported from one place to another.

b. The most popular and the cheapest method of communication is the post. We can write our messages on post cards, inland letters or on plain sheets. These are then sent through road, rail, air or sea and delivered to our houses by postwomen or postmen. Speed post is a quick delivery service of the post office. Courier services are also there to send urgent and important letters or parcels.

c. We can convey messages to a large number of people through the medium of newspaper, radio, television or the Internet. These are known as means of mass communication. Newspapers are the most popular and the cheapest means of mass communication. Books, magazines and journals also give information to a large crowd. Radio and television convey news and all other kinds of information.

d. i. The Internet is a network which links computers all over the world using cables and telephone lines via satellites. It is easier and faster to connect with people via the Internet. We can send an e-mail (electronic mail) to people in any part of the word. The Internet also helps us do research work using the World Wide Web (WWW).

ii. All of us cannot do everything. There are some people who cannot speak or hear like us but they can communicate easily by gestures or lip movement. Those people learn sign language. Some people who lose their eyesight learn a special language called braille.

e. However common these are, mobile phones must be used with care. These must be silent in places such as libraries, hospitals and movie theatres. One must avoid using the mobile phones while driving. Children must not use a mobile phones without their parent’s supervision.

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Model Test Paper 1 (Lessons 1-4)Marks:30

1. Fill in the blanks. 5 a. Ifwelookattheskywitha.........................,wewillseethecelestialbodies. b. Thetinylightsthattwinkleatnightare.......................... c. .........................isthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSun. d. Forests supply ......................... and absorb ......................... . e. Recyclinghelpstoreduce..........................

2. Match the columns. 5 a. Publictransport originofuniverse b. Landpollution direction c. Landmark fumes d. Compass plastic e. Big Bang theory important building

3. Labelthegivenimages. 5

d. ............................. e. .............................

a. ............................. b. ............................. c. .............................

4. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. 15 a. Whatisasketch?Givedifferencesbetweenasketchandamap. b. Whathappenstotheenvironmentwhenwepolluteit? c. Whatmakeslifepossibleonearth? d. DifferentiatebetweentheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole. e. Whydoplanetsshine?

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1. Definethefollowingterms. 5 a. History b. Before Common Era c. Sequencing d. Upright humans e. Bronze Age

2. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. 15 a. WhatarethefourBronzeAgeCivilisations? b. DiscussthelocationofIndia. c. NamethewaterbodiesthatsurroundIndia. d. Whydidtheearlycivilisationsgrownearrivers? e. Howdidtheearlypeoplebecomefarmers?

3. Read the clues and guess the words. 5 a. Studyofthepast: ................................ b. CEstandsforthis: ................................ c. Atoolofsequencing: ................................ d. ScriptofEgyptiancivilisation: ................................ e. ScriptofMesopotamiancivilisation: ................................

4. Match the columns. 5 a. HarappanCivilisation HuangHe b. ChineseCivilisation Indus c. Firstanimaltobetamed sharpedgedstone d. Inventionofwheel dog e. First weapon used by early people logs of wood

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1. Definethefollowingterms. 5 a. MunicipalCorporation b. Panchayat c. NationalCapitalRegion d. Symbol e. Constitution

2. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. 15 a. Whatisagovernment? b. WhatdowemeanbyIndiabeingademocracy? c. Whendowesingournationalanthem? d. Whatdoesournationalemblemlooklike? e. HowdoweknowthatDelhihasanimportantplaceinthehistoryofIndia?

3. Read the clues and guess the words. 5 a. Municipalcouncillorsareheadedby: ................................ b. MunicipalCorporationisheadedby: ................................ c. Aseasonaloccupation: ................................ d. Thelawsofourcountryaremadehere: ................................ e. Ournationalsong: ................................

4. Fill in the blanks. 5 a. The words Satyamev Jayate mean truth alone .......................... b. Thechakraisthesymbolof.......................... c. JanaGanaManawaswrittenbyRabindranathTagorein.......................... d. ..........................ofIndiaisknownasthefirstcitizenofIndia. e. Keepingofcattlesuchascow,goatandbuffaloiscalled..........................

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1. Match the columns. 5 a. Thupka Gujarat b. Daal baati churma and ghevar West Bengal c. Sarson ka saag with makki ki roti Punjab d. Doi maachh and mishiti doi Rajasthan e. Dhokla and thepla Sikkim

2. Definethefollowingterms. 5 a. Staple food b. Diversity c. Harvestingseason d. Exile e. Cultural heritage

3. Answerthequestionsinyourownwords. 15 a. NametheeightclassicaldancesofIndia. b. Whenarefolkdancesperformed?Namesomepopularfolkdancesofourcountry. c. Whydoweneedtotravel?Whatarethethreemeansoftransport? d. WhatisSpeedPost? e. WhatisGurupurab?Howisitcelebrated?

4. Read the clues and guess the answers. 5 a. Ricedishesarepreparedonthisfestival: ........................... b. People sprinkle gulaloneachotherinthisfestival: ........................... c. DhotiisknownbythisnameinKerala: ........................... d. TurbanwornbySikhmen: ........................... e. Inventorofthetelephone: ...........................

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