teachers discovering computers integrating technology and digital media in the classroom 7 th...

Teachers Discovering ComputersIntegrating Technology and

Digital Media in the Classroom7th Edition

Hardware for Educators

Chapter 4

http://www.scseries.com/

Chapter 4: Hardware for Educators 2

Three main parts of computers

Input System unit Output



The System Unit

Electronic components a computer uses to process data



Data Representation

Analog vs. Digital Digital

Two states (1) on (0) off



Data Representation

Binary number system Combination of ones and zeroes represent

characters

Bit

Byte



The Components of the System Unit

1-(The Motherboard)

Contains many of the electronic components

2- Chip (Processor) A small piece of semiconducting material usually no bigger than one-half-inch square and is made up of many layers of circuits and microscopic components that carry electronic signals




3. The Control UnitA component of the CPU that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer

Fetch - get the next instruction from memory Decode - translate the instruction Execute - carry out the command Store the result - write the result to memory Machine cycle




4. The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU) Performs the execution part of the machine cycle Arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication,

division) Comparison (greater than, equal to, less than) Logical (AND, OR, NOT)




5. The System Clock Synchronizes all computer operations Each tick is called a clock cycle Faster clock means more instructions the CPU can

execute each second Speed measured in gigahertz (GHz)

What is the Speed of your computer? LinkWindows /Pause

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/pausekey.htm




6. Memory (ROM) Used to store data and instructions

The operating system and other system software Application software Data being processed by application programs

Bytes are stored at specific locations or addresses




Memory (ROM) Size of memory is measured by the number of

bytes available




7- Random Access Memory (RAM) The memory chips in the system unit When the computer starts, certain operating

system files are loaded from a storage device into RAM

What is the Speed of your computer? LinkWindows /Pause

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/pausekey.htm




Random Access Memory (RAM) Configuring RAM

The more RAM, the more programs and files a computer can work on at once

Software usually tells you how much RAM is required




Read-Only Memory (ROM) Cannot be modified Contents not lost when

the computer is turned off




8. Expansion Slots and Expansion Cards Expansion slot

A socket on the motherboard that can hold an expansion card

Add new devices or capabilities to the computer Expansion card

Circuit board that enhances functions of a system component and/or provides connections to peripherals




9. Removable Memory Devices Flash memory cards USB flash drives PC Cards ExpressCard modules




10.Ports and Connectors Port

Point of attachment to the system unit Usually on the back and front of the system unit

Connectors (wires) Used to plug into ports

Male connectors Female connectors




Ports and Connectors USB USB 2.0 USB 3.0 FireWire Bluetooth



What is Input?

Any data or instructions you enter into the memory of a computer Data – unprocessed items Programs - series of instructions that tells the

computer how to perform a task Commands - an instruction given to a computer

program User responses - responses to questions or

messages from the software



What are Input Devices?

Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer




1. Mouse One or two button mouse Scroll wheel Moving the mouse pointer Clicking Dragging Double-clicking Optical mouse Wireless mouse




2. Touchpad and Pointing Stick Touchpad – small, flat,

rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion

Pointing Stick – pressure-sensitive pointing device shaped like a pencil eraser




3. Trackball Like a mouse, but the

ball mechanism is on top

Requires frequent cleaning

Good when you have limited desk space




4. Joystick Uses the movement of a vertical lever Often used with games

5. Wheel Steering-wheel type input device Used to simulate driving a car or other vehicle




6. Touch and multi-touch screens Monitor has a touch

sensitive panel Used to issue simple

commands or choose from a list of options

Some models of desktop and notebook computers, all tablet computers, and many mobile devices have touch screens

Kiosks




7. Optical Scanners Captures an entire page of text or images such as

photographs or artwork electronically Converts the text or image on the original

document into digital data that can be stored on a storage medium and processed by the computer




8. Pen Input Users write, draw,

and tap on a flat surface to enter input

Stylus – small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink

Digital pen – slightly larger than a stylus and provides more functionality




9. Digital Cameras Allows you to take

pictures and store the photographed images digitally

Download, or transfer, pictures to your computer




10. Audio and Video Input Audio input

Entering speech, music, or sound effects Sound card Speech Recognition

Computer’s capability of distinguishing spoken words

Video input Capturing a full-motion recording onto a computer

and storing the video on a computer’s storage medium



What is Output?

Text Graphics Audio Video



What are Output Devices?

Any computer component capable of conveying information to the user

Commonly used output devices1. Display devices

2. Printers

3. Data projectors

4. Facsimile machines

5. Multifunction devices

6. Interactive whiteboards

7. Speakers, headphones, and earphones




1. Display devices Cathode ray tube (CRT) LCD (liquid crystal display) monitors Plasma monitors




Monitor Quality Resolution (sharpness and clarity)

Expressed as number of columns and rows 1600 x 1200




2. PrintersAn output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film.




Nonimpact PrintersDo not strike paper

Much quieter

A- Ink-jet printers Spray tiny drops of ink

onto the paper Both black-and-white

and color

B- Photo printers Produce photo lab

quality pictures Many use ink-jet

technology




C- Laser printers High-speed, high-quality

nonimpact printer Very high quality

resolution




3. Data Projectors Allows an audience to

view output LCD projectors Digital light processing

(DLP) projector Most LCD projectors

are five pounds and up.

LCD has historically better color saturation but less clear picture




4. Facsimile (Fax) Machine Used to transmit and

receive an image of a document over a telephone line




5. Multifunction Devices Can print, scan, copy and

fax Less space Lower cost than separate

units




6. Interactive whiteboards Touch-sensitive device,

resembling a dry-erase board.

I’ll have a demo




7. Speakers, Headphones, and Earphones Voice output Audio output device Internal speaker



What is Storage?

The devices that record and retrieve data, instructions, and information



Storage Media and Devices

Storage device or Short term memory or RAM or Random Access memory (active files, active memory)

Storage Medium or secondary storage or ROM (Read Only Memory) such as Disk, CD, DVD,




1. Magnetic Disk (Floppy or ZIP) Uses magnetic patterns to

store data, instructions, and information on the disk’s surface

Formatting is the process of preparing a disk for reading and writing by organizing the disk into storage locations called tracks and sectors




2. Hard Disks Provide large storage capacity Sizes range from 320 GB to 1.5 TB Consists of several inflexible, circular disks, called

platters




3. Miniature and Portable Hard Disks Miniature hard disks are found in mobile devices

and consumer electronics and have greater storage capacities than flash memory




4- Portable Hard Disks (External Hard Discs)

Up to 4 TB




5. Solid State Drives A storage device that typically uses flash memory

to store data, instructions, and information and contains no moving parts

Range in size from 16 GB to 512 GB Used in all types of computers




6- Optical discs (CDs and DVDs)

Type of storage medium that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written to and read from using a laser




CD-ROM Compact disc read-only

memory Can contain text,

graphics, video, as well as sound

Can hold up to 1 GB Used to distribute

software




CD-R and CD-RW Compact disc-recordable

Can write on each part of the disc only one time Cannot be erased

Compact disc-rewriteable Can write on multiple times Erasable disc




DVD and BD Digital video disc read-only memory (DVD-ROM)

Can store from 4.7 GB to 17 GB High quality DVD-ROM drives

BD (Blu-ray Disc) has storage capacities of 100GB, with expectations of exceeding 200 GB




7. Miniature Mobile Storage Media (memory cards)



Miniature Mobile Storage Media




8. USB Flash Drive Storage device that plugs into a USB port on a computer or mobile device

9. Smart CardSimilar in size to a credit card

Stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card

10.Cloud StorageRapidly growing Internet service that provides storage to computer users

Apple’s iCloud


teachers discovering computers integrating technology and digital media in the classroom 7 th...

Documents

educators chapter

ram chapter

data chapter

byte slide

system clock

characters chapter

control unit

memory machine cycle