Teacher Motivation in Crisis-affected Contexts

9th International Policy Dialogue Forum International Task Force on Teachers

6th December – Siem Reap, Cambodia

Outline 1. Global displacement – the big picture2. Rationale: Education 2030, teachers and displaced populations 3. What we know: EiE & protracted crises – the challenges4. What we know: Learner Profiles5. What we know: Teacher profiles 6. Recommendations: How can we better support teachers in crises?7. What is INEE? (Network Functions, Network Spaces, What do we do?)8. INEE Minimum Standards For Education: Preparedness, Response & Recovery 9. INEE and other tools on teacher training and CPD

Global Statistics on Displacement

• 65.3 million people forcibly displaced (UNHCR, 2015) • 40.8 million IDPs• 21.3 million refugees• 3.2 million stateless persons

• 51% refugees under 18• 41% refugees living in protracted settings • 20 years average duration of displacement• 86% refugees hosted in developing countries• 60% refugees living in urban areas• Refugees under 18 5x more likely to be out-of-school

Education 2030, teachers & displaced populations

• SDG4: “Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning”. 75 M children aged 3-18 currently OOSC in 35 crisis-affected countries

• Incheon declaration, ¶11: commitment to “developing more inclusive, responsive and resilient education systems to meet the needs of children, youth and adults in these contexts, including internally displaced persons and refugees” • Framework for Action, ¶25-27: that “countries must (…) institute measures to develop

inclusive, responsive and resilient education systems to meet the needs of children, youth and adults in crisis contexts, including internally displaced persons and refugees”• Direct link made between quality education and teaching

Education in Crises: Challenges System-wide: • Host countries: teachers in short supply; school places in short supply.• Country in crisis: schools destroyed, military use, medical use; attacked/targeted; teachers have

fled / are injured, even killed, traumatized.• 20,000 more teachers + 12,000 additional classrooms needed each year to cope with the

growing refugee school-age population globally• Lack of financing for EiE (receives 2% of humanitarian aid).• Lack of sustainable interventions – assumed short duration of crisis [av. 20 years] • Access difficult, dangerous. In-classroom: • Overcrowded; • Little to no resources; • Mixed populations (refugee, host, IDPs, ethnicities).

Learner Profiles • Missed on average 3-4 years of schooling;• May not speak-read-write language of instruction; • Living in temporary shelters and/or low-resource environments;• Families are under stress: lack of employment or livelihoods opportunities (parents); • Assisting with household, younger siblings and income generation; • Lack of clarity of future (return, remain, resettle?); • Psychosocial needs, physical disabilities;• SGBV survivors, former child soldiers;• Illness, hunger nutritional needs & impact on brain development, concentration

Teacher profiles • Host country or refugee• Depends on the country, location, crisis, etc. but in many places:• Few years of schooling (primary graduates);• Low levels of teacher training; • Low, inconsistent pay or “incentives” for refugee teachers;• Unprepared for specific challenges of education in crisis:

• languages• diverse classrooms• psychological needs of children• physical disabilities• different types of learning needed (life-saving, health education, sexual & reproductive health,

de-mining, ‘de-radicalization’) etc.• Lack of incentives to work in refugee-hosting areas; • Affected by war, conflict, violence, natural disasters.

Solutions adapted to low-resource, rapidly-changing contexts • Remuneration: reliable, reasonable pay (prevent ‘moonlighting’, attrition);• Non-salary incentives;• Recognition, status related to host country and country of origin (disparities?) • Training and CPD, and must be context-specific; • Support from school senior management;• Peer to peer learning;• Opportunity to engage with MoEs and express challenges & responses; • Tools and resources e.g. lesson plans / ideas, SEL, language etc. • Staff support: teaching assistants, PSS referral, health workers, special needs

assistants, etc.

How can we better support teachers in crisis?

What is INEE?• Inter-agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE);• Fast-growing, global network, open to all;• Founded in 2000 by UN agencies, NGOs to enhance inter-agency collaboration,

information-sharing and advocacy for EiE.• 12,700 members in 190 countries. 3-5 members joining daily;• Members: UN, NGOs, MoEs, donor agencies, academic institutions, teachers, individuals;

“Working together

to ensure all persons the right to quality, relevant and

safe education in emergencies and post-crisis

recovery”

INEE Network FunctionsCommunity

Building

Convening

Knowledge Management

Amplifying and Advocating

Facilitating and Learning

Providing

INEE Network Spaces

Steering Group10 members

Language CommunitiesArabicFrench

PortugueseSpanish

Working GroupsStandards & Practice

Education PolicyAdvocacy

Task TeamsTeachers (TiCC)

YouthGender

Early Childhood Dev.Inclusive Ed.Technology Secretariat

6 full-time staff4 LCFs part-time

Resources

INEE Minimum Standards

INEE Tool on Teacher CPD• Recommendation 1: Focus on teachers in fragile contexts – as professionals,learners and individuals• Recommendation 2: Develop, apply, measure and institutionalize standardsfor teacher professional development• Recommendation 3: Create professional development opportunities thatpromote teacher collaboration• Recommendation 4: Provide teachers with ongoing support• Recommendation 5: Invest in high-quality teacher educators• Recommendation 6: Build instructional leadership at all levels of theeducational system• Recommendation 7: Use ICT to provide access to content, professionaldevelopment and professional learning communities

Inter-agency Tool on Primary Teacher Training

THANK YOU!Please visit ineesite.org

and toolkit.ineesite.org

…and many more!